CE223g-DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES
KINEMATICS OF PARTICLES
TOPIC OUTCOMES
rotational motion
ROTATION MOTION
·
ROTATION
ROTATION is define as that motion of
a rigid body in which the particles move
in a circular path with their centers on
fixed straight line that is called the axis
of rotation.
thet
G
Elements: s
θ = angular displacement, radians
m ,
ft
- >
ω = angular speed, rad/sec
regat
--
· α = angular acceleration, rad/sec2
Calha
ROTATION MOTION
Tangential Speed, vt
- is equal to the instantaneous linear speed of the particle at any
point on the curved path.
𝒗𝒕 = 𝒓𝝎
-
where:
-
r = radius of curvature
ω = angular speed at a particular point on the curved path of the
particle.
ROTATION MOTION
Angular Speed, ω
- is defined as the time rate of change of angular displacement
along the curved path.
O
𝝎 = ∆𝜽/∆𝒕
v
=
where:
Δθ is the change in angle when the point is moving from one
position to another position
Δt is the change in time occurred for this angular displacement
ROTATION MOTION
Angular Acceleration, 𝜶
- the time rate of change of the angular velocity
𝜶 = ∆𝝎/∆𝒕
where:
Δω is the change in angular velocity
Δt is the change in time
ROTATION MOTION
UNIFORM MOTION VARIABLE ANGULAR ACCELERATION
θ=ωt 𝑑𝜃 ds
v
𝜔= =
𝑑𝑡
&#
CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION 𝑑𝜔 𝑑 2 𝜃
O
𝜔 = 𝜔𝑜 + 𝛼𝑡
>
-
>
- =
v No +at ∝=
𝑑𝑡
= 2 a
𝑑𝑡
=
1 2
Vot + gath 𝜔𝑑𝜔 =∝ 𝑑𝜃
O
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑜t+ & 𝜃𝑡
- s =
=>
-
2
𝜔2 = 𝜔𝑜 + 2𝛼𝜃 v = Vo + 2 S
2
>
-
LINEAR TO ANGULAR RELATIONSHIP
v =
=
w
=
O
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
S
Elements: a = 2
-
𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔
-
θ = angular displacement, radians
ω = angular speed, rad/sec
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑟 ∝
-
2
α = angular acceleration, rad/sec2 𝑎>
-
𝑛 = 𝑟𝜔
ROTATION MOTION
UNIFORM MOTION
-
θ=ωt
CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION
*
𝜔 = 𝜔𝑜 + 𝛼𝑡
1 2
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑜 + 𝜃𝑡
2 : ja
2
𝜔 = 𝜔𝑜 + 2𝛼𝜃
VARIABLE ANGULAR ACCELERATION
𝜔=
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜔 𝑑2 𝜃 - = SV w =
·
·
∝= = 2 LINEAR TO ANGULAR RELATIONSHIP
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
5
-
Jac
𝜔𝑑𝜔 =∝ 𝑑𝜃 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 Ex
𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑎𝑡2
Elements:
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑟 ∝
θ = angular displacement, radians
ω = angular speed, rad/sec ↑&
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑟𝜔2
-
α = angular acceleration, rad/sec2
zitrad
upm--
Irey =
#wa
d =
7ft r= 3 5 ft
Sample Problem 1
.
&= 3 rpm
Jess
pecs
A flywheel 7 ft in diameter accelerates fromO rest at a constant rate of 3
rpm/sec. Determine 3 5ft
r=
= radise? t 11 secs Wo rad/6
=
. x =
O
a) the angular velocity on the rim of the flywheel after 11 seconds, -
-
b) the normal component of the acceleration of a particle on the rim
of the flywheel after 11 seconds, and
c) the tangential component of the acceleration of a particle on the
rim of the flywheel after 11 seconds.
a w =
wo + xt milan = rus-
(
1(1) =
at 3 5
(3 46]2
= .
w =
0 +
rad/ses An = 3 .
5 .
dt = 1 10
.
fysees
"
&=
+/sees 41 90
.
Sample Problem 2
&
A pulley has constant angular acceleration of 3.8 rad/sec2 . When the
- ~
angular velocity is 3 rad/sec, the total acceleration of a point on the rim
-
of the pulley is 14 fps2 . Compute the radius of the pulley.
=
Q =
3 8 .
rad/sec r=
? a
=
=
an + at
rad/se &
a(ww-]
w =
3 ru an =
14
a =
ft/sec At = r &
a
= + [x]
142 =
[0(3)]2 + [r(2 8))"
.
Sample Problem 3
When the angular velocity of a 6 ft diameter pulley is 2 rad/sec, the
total acceleration of a point on its rim is 15 fps2 . Determine
a) the normal acceleration of the pulley at this instant,
b) the tangential acceleration of the pulley at this instant, and
c) the angular acceleration of the pulley at this instant.
-
?
a an + at
an =
? An = ra =
w =
G rad/ses 152 122 + at
?
at
? =
=
=
ra
d Gft
#
=
9 ++/ecs
=
2
?
=
a 15
ft/se
=
at rX
[E](2]
" =
an =
a
18x =
= ft/sees'
12
Eradysees
Sample Problem 4
w
O
The wheel of an automobile revolves at the rate of 700 rpm. How fast
does it move,&
in km per hr., if the radius of its wheel is 250 mm?
=>
-
Speed 8 ?
W
700)
=
r=
250 mm
Y = 0 . 25
[]
x = 18 .
33m/s (tm) La
↑
Sample Problem 5
-
Using a constant angular acceleration, a water turbine is brought to its
-
normal operating speed of C
-
180 rev/min in 6 minutes. How many
revolutions did the turbine make in coming to normal speed?
>
-
w =
180 + =
6 mins - =
? Wo = 0 Nev
min
min
Eat
-
#
W = Wo + at >
8 =
w" wo" +
Not +
+at -
Uniform 180 =
0+
-
%
a(b)
ant/ motion
=
X = 30
8 =
540 revs min
2
- =
+ (30)(6)2
0(b)
#
540 revolution
Activity
A particle moves in a circle 1.50 m in radius. Through what angle in radians
does it rotate if it moves through an arc length of 2.50 m? What is this angle
in degrees?
A wheel rotates through an angle of 3.5 radians. If the radius of the wheel is
0.75 meters, what is the arc length traveled by a point on the edge of the
wheel?
A carousel starts from rest and accelerates uniformly to an angular speed of
0.8 rad/s in 12 seconds. (a) What is the angular acceleration? (b) How many
revolutions does the carousel make during this time?
A bicycle wheel with a diameter of 66 cm is rotating at 5.0 rev/s. What is the
tangential speed of a point on the edge of the wheel?
A wheel has an initial clockwise angular velocity of 10 rad/s and a constant
angular acceleration of 3 rad/s^2. Determine the number of revolutions it
must undergo to acquire a clockwise angular velocity of 15 rad/s. What time
is required to acquire a clockwise angular velocity of 15 rad/s?
