Satellé te Communteastion. Cs.0), YY —eaeee On'et «I Satellite Orbits Obit ; vi a A patte in wotten Artellite “gees varsund the primasiy bocly 0. , emorticr betty 2 callect ribet. An wibit {3 a vied path tite tsa arde % oye oybet radius: 4 The clistence prom the centre OF primasixs weedy ae botellite. Thueee Arges of planes: 1) Petar plane Ti) Equeterial plane * : ith) rnettredl plane re Ee { 5) Pela -peane Satellite motes sehen: A Tre polar hemiephvree f a i) equaterdal plane Satethite mnbes tii) tac biawe s-satebbite rakes Se ee y beteveen polar anol L9H" ? B® 4) Polar ovbit WY FeuateScaberbut cltnctined_orsit# Depending -on the shape Pf Fhe pF PULA 5) Ettipticad bot a 1) crvcecbase erctoet 2 - ss eabit path 4 ; ey ( © primey) >. resty satellite. ~* Satellite 2) ELlptical ovbit b) Greulose obit. Satellite : : ena THe sat a \ ot ee eq? Moen "i) areipicial satelltte. 9.188 ck, AN Object En Ate orb ws Cats ; oth Urd bas LZccellent signal strength op Et JULE vamptefies. 2: pssive sateblite: de sirpey vepletNe reer otlocations $e Catellite, ae pail x des dont ty sntexnational telecormmunttation Union CLTV). / a# Allecating pceguencies 1 Aatellite Bete Lh a aif picult aaa: 4 7 Support panning 5 the werd ts hice Be whe 5 ston et ie europe, Apter. Ge ii) regions: werth anck South Amectca , ii) begin 3. putaalia , South - wwest Pacizic, Aateolite Serwices proviaed | ae ; CSarrioces satellite Series» nck Various Satellt el , VU So vy Clxed ereaclea sting woblle Navigationl éatellite anil 2 Satellite — Latellite pte Seuptce . Sette Sorpete Seuite senwtte (Fs8) (Bss) (mss) ¢was) (mss ) + v L 7 J es an Teephene, %DBS(Diect lan + orlotal t ep by ee mobile. pesitton aa iim Sateblite) + maycitime es oe oF * (teldivect + Poronutital (+) Track tty 2 stipGos nanan Weathe,| weet, ai apf contl Ss ate ile Wa Militar Ce Ss) oe ¥Tnitially sateen saveted £7 Chand then it meves to Ku wheal opin th mous, a oe, alsa 3) Batic Ieleck clagpem Beare satellite communication Segstern — P The baste block 44 abel cmt system ari: i x Pout elerivies, : wh) Satellite... i Easth Slatin ti ) Tervrestin£ System Vv) UsersDecvmet. et 5), ae Anten tatioh Ord modulates — seers 2 Hh signal T Earth Station Bowestial ee] ‘Toweeati ; Syetern oa) (tke mobile. fptep etc). te satellite on UpUeRr yer pdafellite : dt ample es oe P Se. obeovarnt te backer 2 : THteugA ignal Lenhaews epareyg. | Whee the On +t hox Pace between AerersrtHlet C2770H Station te At vateblite. XH will tee Pigts Douonttne : FBS Hy ( Place betesrer Veeiven earth skection tp Ahn Satelite, (Satellite 2» Fecaison Catth Shr) RIE Lull Le bow, Advantages of Atebtlte communication : ”) elexib itty. il) Higher Bandwiclth.. Jeacl vantages: High inittal cox. i) Highen papas 70 aula: Peplica tions: i) whether Fercasting NW) eadio. HW) ty.Z REE sow: By ae ea Lp QO Spr ne. i esis gravitational, x Kepler's has 3 laws 1) Kepler 1° laws 17) Reopens 204 Laser fQirvens 3 Jaw Bey ¢ a of 2 bodes Ay stem 9 Aliscips Centered Potntes 1) keptet! 5 1St lausppllaw of orbit) Sbhie Sat «a by) Coz ss Eotune, a dbo maior ani ey ehare if 4 Seem) rider ans of lips.oo [ y) at ero, the orbit becomes Circular * 2) Sf e=1, orbit ws parabola. ti) Sp err, tne orbit bs Uipse. w) Fy e>'y te Mbt Ls Hyperbota. il) Keptesels 9 lawrlor) Jaus_f Fpual Are ot dt states. thar, ~ e. Aime driennts, a Satellite wtl siveep rat Cyial: arias An Phe ertettal Pa focused at Ate bart center - wht has Mqualtione and egal Brea, Fe: Al= Az, tig t2.-Hwitt be , oblite , yureat for 2 difgecent aot e poe a1 a , balances Ae to = we 6) Al Earth Lae t = 3) Si to. iN) eplerels 7A tour) lav ef Perctad pelea s Se Ap ttre ciibee. 4 has lipfarce been Hie Awe Aedtes’, Xthe ean Citance gquab xe Te Aernimmajor nds ta).fare baw ne MS eanth', eco te = 348600 > x tot een eek Sub 1 = 27 erottal pedod , ee n2 YY a @n)2 2 Neuston's kauesi— = 5, used 4B + dt hod 3% law, 1) Newton's T lau ri) t DT law vi) " Ti? law 1) wewtyn's I Lous | 1) Lloys of Treva) Sanaa sect cpith not ade Hates Het 0” oo Ot x 2 ooi) Gleusten's Scomd lax: Va 2 LM states that acceleration ds Priduced ushen an unbalanced fic. acts en an etifece mass)". + Newton's ecnd tau Can be ee whee, mS mass of the object. es net Force AD deceleration . Sib, ae AY watts akiay | t>time Brom eq7 © Wi) Newtons third lows: ee creme ee 4h states thot tin 4 an “quot Fee HRT dre rnementiim and tne eppesite ce aea lb 1m LO) (908 Angle determination « ett Ban angle . : : Ted wat Lasetn. ttastien Gedenthet ty ae divectly +P the Sotetlite HX There Vie 2 L 1) Azimuttt angle. ) y) Elevation le. xe Thue wu 3 t ation i ecdedermine tte angles, DP ie \) dw Ae > Eanth ‘atotien att tuck latitude neh —>stve , weHttudle south Ve ti) Je Dewitn tation ge jtude Cast D>tve/ Hong i tude wort > -ve. it) Dog >Satellite: Loraftude. longi ticle part >+tve ; Longitude x There ae 2 ariangkt 1 )gprediak triangle > petermines the, Azimuth ang *) Plane triangle determine the woeyte > -Ve!) Azimect ange: from hy prom yrotiok trang 2 An a> betuseen oe oF enh pete = %ackius Of sursateblite potng, b Nees between He radius ath bottons radius of Sbsat sich C > hotcrceen: the vaoliees of cota Botton e radi of nettte pote: [é=90°- re | x AS angle Letiurcen plante o2b, Bo ve bettseen plane c@Zas Cx ag ze istecee phe: BOT [B= He -%s}; (Ham Napier ts seute : ral be ave ce (iB cps X&) Azare —) Cage ps in, b et: Angle 4 oe aa page is ace A <40° : A 240! e (ge ste 8 Qe 3:- is, obtuse — Z A yao’ Je >0 Gazi fe-A) BLO i| ow ‘ { 4 e- Dp ° WENT Pe is eotiee A>sa@o* Aeso Aue Ad =180"_ B20 ‘S[Ae Stet ha = 360°-AdS Tee ay ° BLT €3 os placed wrest Of $8 tn nether, emispherre v EA! ES js placed cast of SS C7 Soctiunn ee LAD Soe One 3: ES® placed wert bfSs in mnthon q efhem GK 4 Es ts placed tact of SSH? emp phwte, Vv [2 )F ) creation angke from pare tgs 4d > ¢ 4 Applying orc al a b) b> Meusing angle. Abiso > wadius of abit = 42ibl km , ractites Bf aath), R= b311km, Cov Feoblem: 1) etelate tre radius of a cirtular Obit for ushicn day. Su! ~ Steps: Cine tte man motion. 'day = 2h het = X60 60 seconds > by 00 Secor = P +4 Mean metton n= aT P [ay S6u00 7272 ¥ 10" 5 ya0l /sec, Sepa: cind the wedi, — by 374 oe =a} a= M/n? ]ia atten asa alo ete), = 3:98 6005 yiol¥ “Grate De a= T53TS¥ 19 22 Q = (1:5376 v1022) 73 = y&42U) 7672+43mM Coe eo eke Sinks +t orbiy 4s UT tular , semi mej62 ONS = raglins. -PRooltus = 4224) Ero ylelas- Phos 4 sided ot il D congi tude tudinal Limits: Cabeulated by earth Atotion vat Pen pete ott antenna pointing On Lithen Lyper [east « 6 = Umiting ay 1 (—,) (6s & = AE ASA Abrg 9 Aboiso O= ws" (48 /a cs) Ag = 6348, Abicp —>raAcUs ee z c= Fore, Baap ros Of Oat B= ante (5 tos] oe HalbyFemgitucinah obit 8 = tate3/ i 2) datituole time: a Omin =90°4 EL mt, Ai Elmin > Minimeem elevation angie. eso = Ferh Ppl ing Sine ruk, A -AGSo _ Shb a ae e[PNS bee Rhee i i oi ie oC Soom Sing | 94 She Sire S > sutsstandarrd anges at the: datllite, Sing = BR 3b 6p BE 0, use tnwed Lay pee 00s (105 B02 Me) (CO b = C03 B AAE -1 /tesb (05 B = 63D 6 os 2 ) cose Ae=> B= are bs cosh, Satellite Limit £ : c — FES, Be -Ore Qteoblite Limit West Of Eacth Station ‘ Ps a Be TB, DA geostationary Satellite Js locates at 90°. Cableulate #e azimuth ange fort ‘An Lost Stodtion -artenna 2 DA tuole 35° ard ttc (00 Alte pind He mnge and/ artenra -elewsation vog'le- Son : ‘Guantttfes uw, Occ 240 W>-Go" Og = 100°w 2-100', Age aS "N= 3S" Step ti Find vorate 8’ Ba G,- bo =~ roorFo° = te 20. Step 2: Find angle aoe b = axe 0s (0058 c03re > = Qc 5 (t05B wre) = cos! (0.8064) =36.23° Step 8! pind ‘Ar . ss ° 2 — to A> anc sin (52181) save So C0088) = 7.Stee 4! Find Azimuth angle Az’ a Az>o and Be O Ag = tgo'—-4 De =180 -1t eH 18a dF” Step s: fInd aange ie Vveluts Ap be ve membereol : trayaterol adi us of the forth ae Obi R Racktus The Prbett » Bbq = Y2eley KM, * Average vadius oF earth Ro b3tikm, X Eaxthls aescentric avitationnt tomtont, N= 3.4 ¢t0e0syvto'*m3/s° b ae Vi Tce - 3d Rao Oe eo —2 Rap, co5b = 63-1174 (ya:/tu)*alesy Maney 2) petermine Pte limes Of visivil bea Level at tatt tule us -y2tv anol Aongituole 39 abn)» Hosmer miniPtum anges of Lhepatton + 2 Gren dat: Ae Sueur" N sus. yo” Qe = 84-20 We-89 +06 Ekmin= 2°Rosi that, Use Arse = H2-Ibtplerm , P= E37 Hom step l> Pino! suletenchec) angle \s’; 2 sin [Roy 6 inte ) 50 Omin = Fo FES, m0 hE = 95 Smin = 15° S 2 oat eof foo eimb ) a &iso S-oxc Stn 631} SPAS) 29 bb" Yo-lby Stp?* Pind angie ‘e'' b=t80 - opgn — 8 ate 75 —6 bb 51434 Step 3: Fingl_angf ‘Bs Ce cot (BE 2 soi ft ces! (ae 3y ) 5 Ae 98 bE <2 = bbls, Stegu’ giv satellite Limits: Osg = Oe +8 i 2 +B = ~- 34: DUE: 15'= 20° o me Opproxtmatel Bs 2 Oy 6 = -188 approximately. Satellite limit East pf Eanth station = -20 Satellie Umit Wert Of Earth station Isa org: Ge, ery ___ 5 #2e0- box - sy [he = 829. Cem] hp= tp-e =Tlty +063 634, Orbital parameters: Gen ov (3M i) Subsatenvite path oe path Atracecl On tarth Aweface b the Satellite . ii) Apegee tt bs a point from satellite poethest perom the earth Cha). TD) Perigce > 4b ts a point prom soteilte closest 0 arth Lhp).~ M) fine of Apsides (da) > tine (eining Pogte 2 page: | W) Ascending neele Ste point oF ONE 1] Descending sate TH 7 Abst copys thee sqvilateral P Prom nettn 40 soerthe - want at wohth. (ano gotrgvi) Inckinatten Ct)» Th Cetitar pane to equotortal plane. a) Cire Pf noctes - \ The Hine fointng Ascorcting PP notes » we i) Prograte euiy The abet ar wonleh | Aatellites neues Ae Samet Bites on of arth atation (ote 90"). %) etree mybit Dh cnbit & which p Aiyect?on 4atellite mewes W f Guth station Lot te 160°)» x MA Hage Ns Pocigeese in eareth conten: a X) Right ascension Bp scoring note (2) - The lo measweed equatorial 7 Line of ailses CV) 4 lending ede. ; iti) Mean aramety () SHE an Valo te angubr pesttion fF utth bp pounce. 2) Fre ararety Cv) Ste an oe pn Point Of poriaree ef Sadedltte pittton. | > angee bet tee,,Orbital Etements » oe ee ae ee x Yhuce Ve b.cloments of the hoplery, Lolement Act commerty Anton as Prbital Lhements * p+ Semet spr aris Ca a. meri (ed 3 Mean Qram (mM) yr Argument of perdigere Cw) G+ Inctination CO be Right axension of ascending nede. albles Station Mesping vet controt ] TL & a werbtal contret Pruners Tppired \ HTL compensate rbiral poiulations lAtstwibarce # Due 40 Por eq leertoral ebbiacity fardti. ound gpauttation pull °F sun antl meen “sips thu sodelDite. from st abil Ahthy eae pate 1eges Preopestlion to ‘ange the lapital paths Tog topes; Yeast ~ Nest satron Keeping ie torgituae "nant sour ete | up aa ee Limit for ku (l4f2 Griz) ) ews, . latitude teleuance Crak for oh Host, Ku band + Or Os DNS Ss . N2SK! (nortn South Staction keeping ) —— are . Cymer eapenst Aare Srvital path (ap it Ger Inekinratten Eos or thas (Dee AG gravitation ° eit lie duvtodedl fat0) be Lee obane d 7 thet by tgnaey 2 non= Gecitel oar or} voseatl one i Greertattonary 06 8 oes aatellitsThee conditions - j) Satellite Pitts ttre oe nde the dame Speed of Lartth _ 9) Trelination 7 Ate orbit F- i) OU Db -Arokar. fadiws are ight : &>.. XH Q tationarcy Abit, eg he altttule of ovbet, od tear, Aecercing a 3 4 b1S0 = an eee feet Ros > Bayt hy km) M = 3 I8b00sx00'% m/s? p 2 aahvs Sbrin h EE + Ly porta Pf G1E0- G80 = a&giog ~A&p 2 2lbg - 6349 Sh = 38/4 G50 - a OS, teow 3L,000 kro 5 aes ae—————————— 2 nip 1A 's INSAT aes Le ctemaie cont Ot USENET PIaurhacks | WIt veg iges more launch PG XTe canit coveted by por 7 7 *ROE suited sfor srratl ne Lone Satellite , Geesynchsconses orbet llr60): * Orbit on whidh. Satellite 2 gpckensecd a tisalide Guator « : there & a Change in latibucdelyps deum), a a0 change tp bongitude, Geesynchronsies obit: Gta rtude Of satellite, [O..= w+ nev—- st e, = b+ 24M - br st Mz Maan Ananome Cero Gst > bywreenvich Sarda oe Ws Prgumented oe ia Baaeee eet i Non —geostationarees erbct :—(N6s0) | * The tatetlite & AE. PEIN Bn Lascth bor Stattrest macoes 2 goleton Le Fath » | * Do net maintain Atotimacey position D Lo (Lees Earth Orbet) 2) MEo (Medi Eoth Orbit) 3) Heo Chhighey EUiptRad orb?) A) Pott pibits . ©) Sun Synekroneus OvbPes . DLEOt-R pen APA 45 inites. TBO tose lltes ben coll QS LEOSATS , S) MEO!~ sooxmae QBookmabpue Lartth, Lt Os Kertela Pies. 3) Heo:— Pe % highly ebliptiol orbit, tage bit on take a month 8% More per obit. ( 4) Relax pvbét e- 600 AA 4 oo Lem aloue Cant, Te covers north 9 south pete veatons . Enutapn ment montipring PAcwvIch 2 Tse ee nchion sus orbits | Satellite. ows 7 Cas TT is Es Cah ds alse rbd a) eleyrceoearcnsAd von tages! ‘) simple design oe onty Aozen sntethite. Qs Ve ————— MEO, oE0! “MEo S00 km to hookm. to to 20 Yo thes 0 | pet Moderate communiction, | See aveundl p GeoO By, o000kKm. Bey. ahr . Hegh. . imn\ Baeadaasting Ki TV mobile ,2? distutbance ere ——— =pestu Ba tons pein en fie tabig yy : . : to Oblateness of Sarth (arreraF ho J i & Been of nodes . pera I i | ration Of Gnd of aps gitar — atuphary 7B Reopen tag Toaid (4) cavitation’ foxcos ofl oicen a Co ae Penefts holies sie sie? : ~a2 (hetyr= eye [ae in 2. ~ eS f- : Cha \ te CFEC h-= & 22 C1 -e 2) ST i 0 (ki Cr-1-sar i. ih la2Cie®) roSgro — Gelato of dine of. fps Tt Oceuu d, hangin with bi re Te bs ae e to to 11985 K= hk ; — ? 0 } Capaitey = "WA. D robe of rotation of Une Of andes 3 ang“An@matistie pemod.- = CRY ia : Tented aie [> @xpitat att of oath sea te porigee) due tp Hts oblatenes ir Catted Onometish Ba wind 7 Time req to-go ax perigee fe = won fk nk “@[[-2)> | Cate of henge sip Tae,Gun Transit Ruinge — | 74 inte mupHon 0% alistovting eee ——_Aataltites sina aused by sun - ’ 0‘ gatelite west ofts — ah ) ~ Tt .launeh the sarow, nanan a =p) ieelor Orbit bare : ; ovbit © velodity vetoy @ or bital heignt._ _Sebecki erage. Oo eee Availabiuny fy — reUabi uty aie Safety esasoe eae Detta ‘Titan; Proton + aasiast nen Saeey Lt 4a tag te of sage 27x Tbe take the: Pista acetate foo eanese teh ef)” lastnch ve hicles Yeturn Teatattite in transtes one ne re < > Can be reseek multiple stirs elctaan ei INP SA ste INDI a. t-! IsRe, CRW STARR PTR = sed M e Canty at hypersonic apeeds — fire oe 7 To — Sears . “techn coro “my sit troy re eer~ Maty-tunction are involved to launch tdi, Rocket engine" principle ites ss s Thaush*< 4 os pints } « @-+! | Fayeebot ita Seen an q for, obit ___| Principle “of Roe oacombation of prepeteer Ceypy Tess ae se: ———_—— - horde y rae fei) The re tle 4 oxidizes are buvedlin Neon in combustin than —s— Specific impulse Tgp = Toe = w sate oF propelnt flaw =F Te Tana Ey J | Lee +— Powered hohe: a