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BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
ASSIGNMENT -1(C)
9 . Numerical Problems on mass %, volume % , mass/ volume% ,
Mole- Fraction , Molarity and Molality.
{At . Mass of:- Na = 23 u ; K = 39 u ; I(Iodine) = 127 u ; C = 12 u; Co = 58.93 u ; N=
14 u ; H = 1 u ; O =16 u ; S = 32 u ; Cl = 35.5 u }
(i) Calculate the mass% of benzene (C₆H₆) and carbon tetrachloride (CCℓ₄) if 22 g
of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of CCl₄ .
(ii) Calculate the mass % of aspirin (C₉ H₈O₄ ) in acetonitrile (CH₃CN ) when 6.5 g of
aspirin is dissolved in 450 g of (CH₃CN ) .
(iii) Calculate the mole-fraction of ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂ ) in a solution containing
20% of ethylene glycol by mass .
(iv) Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in a solution containing 30% by mass in
carbon tetrachloride.
(v) Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5 g of NaOH in 450 mL solution.
(vi) Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which mole fraction of
ethanol is 0.04 .
(vii) Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions :
(a) 30 g of Co(NO₃)₂ .6H₂O in 4.3 L of soln. ;
(b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H₂SO₄ diluted to 500 mL ;
(c) 20 g of sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) in 2L of soln .
(viii) (a) Calculate the mass of urea (NH₂CO NH₂) required in making 2.5kg of 0.25
molal aqueous solution .
(b) Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) required to make 500
mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution.
(ix) Calculate (a) molality (b) molarity and c) molefraction of KI if the density of
20% ( mass/ mass) aqueous KI is 1.202 g mLˉ¹.
(x) Concentrated nitric acid used in the lab is 69% nitric acid by mass in an aqueous
solution .What should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if the density
of the solution is 1.41 g mLˉ¹.
(xi) Calculate the amount of benzoic acid ( C₆H₅ COOH ) required for preparing
250 mL of 0.15 M solution in methanol .
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(xii) A solution of glucose in water is labeled as 10% w/w .What would be the
molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution ? If the density of
solution is 1.2 g mLˉ¹ , then what shall be the molarity of the solution ?
(xiii) An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂ )
and 200 g of water . Calculate the molality of the solution . If the density of the
solution is 1.072 g mLˉ¹ , then what shall be the molarity of the solution ?
(xiv) 29.2% (w/w ) HCℓ stock solution has a density of 1.25 g mLˉ¹ . Calculate the
volume (mL ) of stock solution required to prepare 200 mL solution of 0.4 M HCℓ .
(xv) A bottle of commercial H₂SO₄ (density = 1.79 g mLˉ¹ ) is labelled 85% w/w.
What is the molarity of the solution ? What volume of the acid is required to make
1 litre of 0.2 M H₂SO₄ ?
(xvi) Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl₂ and CO₂ according to
the reaction :- CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl (aq) ⟶ CaCl₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) .
What mass of CaCO₃ required to completely react with 25 mL of 0.75 M HCl ?
(xviii) Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese dioxide (MnO₂)
with aqueous hydrochloric acid according to the reaction :
4 HCl (aq) + MnO₂ (s) ⟶ MnCl₂(aq) + Cl₂ (g) + 2H₂O
How many grams of HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide ?
(xix) Calculate the number of oxalic acid ( C₂H₂O₄ . 2 H₂O )molecules in 100 mL
of 0.2 N oxalic acid solution ?
(xx) 0.75 g of NaHCO₃ are dissolved in 250 mL of a solution . Calculate it’s Molarity .
(xxi) A commercial available sample of H2SO4 is 15% H2SO₄ by mass.
It’s density is 1.1 g/cm³. Calculate its molarity , molality and normality.
(xxii) Calculate the molality of K2CO3 solution which is formed by dissolving 2.5g
of it in 1 L of soln if it’s density is 0.85 g/mL.
(xxiii) What volume of 20 N H₃PO₄ is required to make 100 mL of 2.5 N H₃PO₄ ?
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