SURVEY ALL PYQ

1. Define surveying . Classify survey Based on the nature of field.

2. Write in brief about general classification of surveys.
3. Define the term surveying and difference between geodetic and plane surveying.
4. Mention the basic principle of surveying and elaborate the statement.
5. Briefly explain the principles of surveying? What is the precision in surveying?
6. List out the types of map. What are the difference between the plans and maps?
7. Explain the different types of correction in chain survey. Find the sag correction of 30 m
steel tape under a pull of 8 kg in three equal span of 10 m each.
( Weight of 1 cum of steel = 7.86 g and Area of cross-section of tape = 0.10 sqm. [10]
8. Define levelling. Explain the temporary adjustment of levelling.
9. What are the principles of Levelling? Explain in brief.
10. Explain the principle of levelling. Describe reciprocal levelling with sketch. [10]
11. What is reciprocal levelling ? When and how we conduct reciprocal levelling ? State.
12. Discuss the differences between various types of levelling instruments and their
respective uses in surveying. Additionally, explain how accurate levelling impacts the
design and construction of water supply pipelines.
13. Explain the Temporary adjustment of Plane table .
14. What do you mean by three point problem? Explain several methods for solution of that problem.
15. Define closed traverse. Why checks are necessary in closed traverse.
16. Define contouring. Explain characteristics of contour maps.
17. What is contouring ? What factors affect the contour interval? State.
 MATERIAL ALL PYQ
1. Define stone. Classify the rocks based on Geographical.
2. What are the characteristics of good building stones.
3. Describe the merits and demerits of random rubble stone masonry.
4. Write down the various ingredients and the physical properties of the cement .
5. What are the different types of cement ? Write down the ingredients of Portland Cement.
6. Mention the different types of cement used in construction industry and highlight their
specific use during construction.
7. Explain different types of cements used in Nepal and it’s suitability Which cement is used
for mass concrete work and why ? Write down.
8. Describe the various physical tests of cement.
9. Difference between wet and dry process of manufacturing of cement.
10. What are the Bogue compounds in cement. Explain it.
11. Mention the major properties and function of cement . What are the major things to be
taken care of while storing of cement.
12. What is admixture. Mention different types of admixtures with their application.
12. What are the major reasons of using admixtures? Write its classifications by functions.
13. Explain in brief the constituents of brick earth. What are the harmful ingredients of brick earth.
14. What are the qualities of good bricks? Why we should be careful about the harmful ingredients
in brick earth?
15. Describe shortly classifications of different bricks.
16. What are the types of bricks? Describe the comparative merits and demerits of
English and Flemish Bond.
17. What are the common types of brick laying used in our country? Briefly explain any one type.
18. What do you mean by paint and varnishes? What is the purpose of using it?
19. Briefly describe the type of paint and varnishes. Also list out the characteristics of good paint. [10]
20. What do you mean by paint and varnish? Write down any six tests of bitumen.
 MECHANICS ALL PYQ
1. Write short notes on Poisson’s ratio and Hooke’s law.
2. Define Hooke’s law. What are the limitation of Hooke’s law.
3. A circular rod of steel with 10 mm diameter is tested for tension and it was observed that
when tension was 11 KN, the total extension on a 300 mm length was 0.20 mm. Find the value
of Young’s modulus of Elasticity.
4. Define Shear force and Bending moment, discuss it’s relationship.
5. Draw the Shear force (SF) and Bending moment (BM) diagram for a simply supported beam
of length “ L ” carrying a uniformly distributed load “ W ” per unit length which occurs across
the whole span.
6. Calculate shear force FA, FB, FC, FD in the given diagram.

7. Draw Shear force and bending moment diagram of a beam loaded with 4KN/m uniformly
distributed load having length 4 m . The support condition of beam is one end hinged and
other end roller.
8. Calculate shear force and bending moment of simply supported beam of span (l) = 4m and
carries uniformly distributed load (udl) = 5 KN/m. Sketch S.F and B.M diagram with calculated
value. [10]
9. Draw a bending moment diagram for a simp0ly supported beam of 5m span subjected to a
uniformly distributed load of 4 KN/m and a concentrated load of 30KN at the center.

10. Prove the bending equation of a homogenous section = = with notations. [10]
 HYDRAULICS ALL PYQ
1. List out any five properties of fluids.
2. Describe viscosity. Calculate the specific weight, specific mass, specific volume and specific
gravity of a liquid having a volume of 5 𝑚 and weight of 40 KN.
3. Define dynamic viscosity of liquid. Explain four types of hydraulic coefficients.
4. Introduce Pressure energy , Kinetic energy and Potential energy in pipe flow.
5. Name the difference forms of energy of flowing fluid. Explain the principle of conservation of
energy and the relationship between Hydraulic Gradient Line (HGL) and Total Energy Line (TEL). [10]
6. What do you mean by HGL in pipeline design? Draw HGL for the pipeline having length of
4km,200mm in diameter with roughness coefficient of 0.015 connecting two reservoir for design
discharge of 48 Lps . [10]
7. Briefly describe the discharge measurement method through notches.
8. Difference between weir and notch. Explain their uses.
9. Difference between weirs and notches.
10. Define notch and weir. What are the advantages of a triangular notch over a rectangular notch?
11. Explain pipe flow and open channel flow.
12. Differentiate between pipe flow and open channel flow.
13. What is difference between pipe flow and open channel flow, discuss in detail with example. [10]
14. What are the head losses in fluid flow through pipes? Differentiate between major and
minor head losses.
 SOIL ALL PYQ

1.Describe the different types of soil with its classification for civil engineering purpose.
2. Describe soil classification in brief.
3. Define following terms. A) Void ratio B) Density index of soil mass.
4. Define specific gravity, dry mass density, water content, percentage air void and air content. What
is the relationship between dry mass density and percentage air voids of soil mass? [10]
5. Describe three phase system of soil with diagram. Define void ratio and porosity. The soil sample
contains volume of void 0.2 and volume of soil is 0.30. calculate void ratio and porosity of soil. [10] .
6. A sample of saturated soil has the water content of 25% and bulk unit weight 20 KN/m3.
Determine the dry unit weight, void ratio and specific gravity of solids. [10]
7. Explain the Darcy’s law.
8. What is Optimum moisture content and Maximum dry density? Show the relation between
Dry density and moisture content.
9. What is the relationship between dry density and moisture content in soil compaction?
10. What are different types of earth pressures? What are the assumptions of Rankine’s
earth pressure theory. [10]
11. Write any five assumptions and two limitations of Terzaghi’s general bearing capacity theory.
12. Define ultimate bearing capacity of soil. How do you calculate safe bearing capacity from
ultimate bearing capacity? What is allowable bearing pressure? Mention.
13. Define the term bearing capacity, Factor of safety and ultimate bearing capacity. How can
the Bearing capacity of soil can be improved? Explain. [10]
 STRUCTURE ALL PYQ
1. Define under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced RCC section.
2. What are the advantages of reinforced concrete? What are the causes of failure of RCC structures?
3. What is development length? What are the methods of achieving development length?
4. Compare working stress method and limit stress method.
5. Write down the different types of shear reinforcements in RCC section and briefly explain
the steps in the shear reinforcement design.
6. How do you differentiate short and long columns? Explain.
7. What is the difference between a long column and a short column in RCC structures? How
does slenderness ratio influence their behavior? [10]
8. Design a short column, square in section to carry an axial load of 200 KN using mild steel
and M20 mix. [10]
9. A rectangular beam is 200 mm wide 400 mm deep up to the center of reinforcement.
Find the reinforcement required if it has to resist a moment of 40 KN-m. Assume M20 mix
and Fe 415 grade steel. [10]
10. Differentiate between one way slab and two way slab. What are the design procedures for slab?
11. Explain in brief design consideration in two way slabs according to IS Code. Also introduce
under reinforcement and over reinforcement with their suitability.
12. Describe about one way and two way slab of RCC section with sufficient details and sketch it. [10]
13. Explain the different types of welded joints with sketch.
 BUILDING ALL PYQ
1. Describe about various types of foundation of structure?
2. What are main functions of foundation in building? Discuss major types of foundation.
3. What are the points to be considered for the suitability of the foundation in the construction
work? Draw the different types of shallow foundation.
4. Differentiate between shallow foundation and deep foundation.
5. What do you mean by shoring and is dewatering associated with it?
6. What safety measures should be followed while using underground construction.
7. Describe different types of wall system, their function and advantages in building construction. [10]
8. What are the major causes of dampness? List out methods of damp proofing.
9. Explain damp proofing and causes and effects of dampness.
10. Briefly explain the different sources of dampness in building.
11. Describe with the help of figure damp proof treatment in the basement of a building in damp soils.
12. Briefly explain the key factors affecting the strength of concrete.
13. What are the main factors affecting strength of concrete? What is curing of concrete and it’s
importance? Write down.
14. What is curing of concrete and why it is necessary? List out the different methods of curing. [10]
15. Explain concrete mix, laying, pouring and compaction.
16. Define the water-cement ratio and explain in brief the factor affecting strength of concrete.
17. What is water cement ratio and it’s effect in strength of concrete? Also explain briefly the factors
affecting strength of concrete.
 WATER SUPPLY ALL PYQ
1. Discuss briefly on various sources of water supply.
2. Write the different components of gravity water supply system. What are the major factors to be
considered during the design of this system? [10]
2. What is gravity water supply system? How it differs from lift water supply system? State the
condition where these systems are suitable and not suitable.
3. Explain the different factors to be considered during selection of water source to provide drinking
water facility to municipal population. Again, state the methods of determining storage tank capacity
as well.
4. What types of sources of water are used in water supply system? Which ecological region are
suitable for the supply of surface water and ground water in water supply systems?
5. The catchment area of the city is 200 hectare and its population density is 300/hectare. The water
supply corporation supplied at rate of 135 Lpcd in the city. Calculate the quantity of sewage
generation if the 85% of the water supplied is being collected as waste water at the treatment plant.
Assume the peak factor for the water supply is 2.
6. What are the components of a typical gravity flow water supply project in hilly areas?
Provide a sketch showing all the components. [10]
7. Brief the challenges from social perspective of fixing alignment of pipe line for water supply.
8. How do you use the shallow and the deep tube wells in Terai? Under what conditions each is
used and why? [10]
9. What is septic tank? Discuss the design and construction features of septic tank.
10. What are the functions of septic tank? Draw schematic diagram of a septic tank showing its main
components.
 IRRIGATION ALL PYQ
1. Define irrigation. Which types of irrigation will you propose in the hilly area of Nepal and why?
2. Write down the advantage and disadvantage of irrigation.
3. "Irrigation is a necessity for agricultural production, but sometimes irrigation may create adverse
situations for crops, the environment, and living things." Justify this statement.
4. Write any five major crops with their crop season, base period, and delta.
5. What do you understand by crop-water requirement ? Explain various factors affecting
crop-water requirement. [10]
6. Show relationship between Duty(D), Delta (Δ) and Base period (B).
7. Write short note on Duty, Delta and Base period in Irrigation System.
8. Define the term Duty, Delta and Base period that is used in crop requirement. Derive the
relationship between Duty and Delta.
9. Discuss the various types of losses that occur in irrigation canals and their impact on
water efficiency.
10. What are the major losses in irrigation canal?. Explain in brief.
11. What are canal losses? Enlist the methods for minimization of canal losses.
12. Explain the canal losses and their minimization methods, also draw a typical canal
irrigation system showing the major components.
13. Mention briefly how the canal section is designed.
14. What is manning’s rugosity coefficient ? For an earthen rectangular canal, calculate the discharge
if width of canal is 2 m and depth of flow is 1.5 m . Assume manning’s rugosity coefficient as 0.025
and longitudinal slope of canal is 1 in 4000. [10]
15. Design an irrigation canal section to irrigate 12,750 hectares of agricultural land with a duty
of 850 ha/m³/sec. Assume the canal to be in non-erodible material for a maximum permissible
velocity of 0.8 m/s with a longitudinal slope of 1 in 4000, side slope of 1:1, and Manning’s “n”
being equal to 0.025. [10]
16. Explain three most suitable method of river training work in hilly region with sketches.
 HIGHWAY ALL PYQ
1. According to the Nepal Road Standard, what are the classifications of road in Nepal? Describe.
2. Briefly explain the historic development of Roads in Nepal and classification of Roads.
3. Explain the classification of roads as per Nepal Road Standard, 2070. Describe the special
consideration for alignment of Hill Roads.
4. What are the basic requirements of road alignment? What do you mean by super elevation? How
is it different from camber? Write down the significance of super elevation. [10]
5. Draw a cross section of a Highway of Nepal and define all the elements.
6. Define hill road with typical cross-section. What are commonly faced hill roads problems in Nepal?
List down the different types of tools, equipment and plant used in construction.
7. List the components of road pavement. Explain with diagram.
8. What are the basic design controls and design criteria for roads in Nepal? Also draw a neat sketch
of typical cross section of road with pavement structures.[10]
9. List the various geometric elements to be considered in highway design. What are the factors on
which the stopping sight distance depends?
10. Mention different design aspects to be considered in the design of horizontal alignment of a road.
11. What are the design and construction problems of hill road? What are the special consideration
which need to be followed in the selection of alignments for road in mountainous area?
12. How do you provide longitudinal and cross drainages in hill roads? Explain.
13. Why super elevation is provided over a curve of the road? Give the formula for it.
14. What are the differences between superelevation and camber.
15. What is the importance of camber in road pavement? How it is provided?
16. Define highway drainage and explain the importance of highway drainage
17. What is a Trial bridge? Why and where it is constructed? Distinguish between suspended and
suspension bridge.
18. What is Nepal Road Standard (NRS)? Why such standard is required and who is final authority for
approval of such standard? Write down the five differences between Nepal Road Standard - 2070 and
Nepal Rural Road Standard – 2071?
19. Explaining the need of extra-widening width, find the total pavement width required for a four
lane highway on a horizonal radius of 250 m. The design speed is 60 km/hr and the length of longest
wheelbase is 6.1 m. [10]
20. Calculate the safe stopping distance for design speed 60 km per hour for a two-way traffic on a
two-lane road assuming coefficient of friction is 0.37 and reaction time of driver as 2.5 seconds. [10]
21. Discuss and explain about different types of road maintenance. How is road maintenance work
being carried out in Nepal? [10]
 ESTIMATE ALL PYQ
1. Describe about different types of estimates of civil works.
2. How do you estimate quantities of work using different methods? Discuss.
3. Why the rate analysis and specification are crucial in estimation?
4. Describe rate analysis with suitable example.
5. Why estimate should be prepared? What are the purposes of rate analysis and which points are
taken into consideration while preparing analysis of rate?
6. Describe how the unit rate of an item of works is derived for cost estimation.
7. According to prevailing Financial Act and Regulation of Government of Nepal, list out the
procedural steps for preparing rate analysis and the cost estimation for civil works.
8. Prepare a specification for plastering work in exterior wall in cement sand mortar (1:4).
9. Explain the rate analysis of an item for cement concrete work in 1:2:4 ratios with example.
10. Explain the step by step procedures for preparation of cost estimate.
11. Describe specification. Mention the importance of specification in construction work.
12. Describe the duties of sub engineer during preparation of estimates. Prepare the format
of rate analysis for estimate.
 MANAGEMENT ALL PYQ
1. Write down the responsibilities of a Civil Sub-Engineer in the supervision of construction Works.
2. What are the roles and responsibilities of supervisor in construction sites?.
3. Explain the importance of supervision in construction projects.
4. List down the responsibilities of a civil sub-engineer in any construction project. Discuss, how
accidents take place relating to working environment at construction site. Suggest remedial measures
to avoid and prevent accidents in construction site in context of Nepal. [10]
5. Discuss relation between owner, contractor and engineer in a project.
6. What is the role of civil sub-engineer in establishing good relation among owner, consultant and
contractor?
7. Explain about various types of contracts.
8. List out the documents which are included in contract document.
9. What are the minimum information required in notice of invitation of bids?
10. What is the purpose of bid security? In which conditions it is forfeited and returned back to the
respective bidder.
11. Shortly introduce the National Competitive Bidding (NCB) procedure for procurement of work
practiced in Nepal.
12. Define Bar Chart with figure and explain its advantages and disadvantages.
13. Describe Bar chart, CPM and PERT techniques in planning and control of a construction work.
Explain their uses with sketches.
14. Make a bar chart for scheduling the construction of a 2km sewer line in Pokhara. Assume
that the sewer line runs below a major urban road in Pokhara. Also list down major three
practical challenges faced during execution of such project and identify the appropriate solution
to tackle those challenges. Assume necessary data appropriately. [10]
15. What are the importance of CPM and PERT in the construction practice? Write down.