Class 9 – Chapter 2: Data Literacy & Visualization
2.1 Basics of Data Literacy
What is Data Literacy?
Data Literacy is the ability to read, understand, analyze, and use data to make informed
decisions.
Impact of Data Literacy
Helps in better decision-making.
Useful in education, business, and everyday life.
Allows you to spot fake news and wrong information.
How to Become Data Literate?
Practice reading charts and tables.
Learn to use tools like Google Sheets or Excel.
Understand how to ask questions and find answers in data.
2.2 Acquiring, Processing & Interpreting Data
Types of Data
Qualitative Data – Descriptive (e.g., colors, names).
Quantitative Data – Numbers (e.g., height, marks).
Sources of Data
Primary Data – Collected directly (e.g., surveys, interviews).
Secondary Data – Already available (e.g., websites, books).
Best Practices for Acquiring Data
Use trusted sources.
Ensure data is up-to-date.
Avoid duplicate or false data.
Features of Good Data
Accurate
Relevant
Complete
Timely
Data Preprocessing
Preparing data before use:
o Remove errors or duplicates
o Organize into a proper format
Importance of Data Interpretation
Helps understand patterns.
Used to make smart decisions.
Tools Used for Interpretation
Google Sheets
MS Excel
Datawrapper
Google Data Studio
Data Security and Privacy
What is Data Security?
Protecting data from unauthorized access or theft.
Best Practices for Cyber Security:
Use strong passwords.
Don’t share personal information online.
Keep software and antivirus updated.
Use two-factor authentication.
2.3 Project: Interactive Data Dashboard & Presentation
What is Data Visualization?
Showing data using charts, graphs, maps.
Makes data easy to understand.
Importance of Visualization
Helps us see patterns quickly.
Makes large data simple and clear.
Good for presentations.
No-Code Tools for Visualization
Google Sheets
Canva
Datawrapper
Google Data Studio
Steps to Create a Chart in Google Sheets
1. Enter your data in a table.
2. Select the data range.
3. Click Insert > Chart.
4. Choose a chart type (Pie, Bar, Line).
5. Customize the chart title and colors.
6. Done! Your chart is ready to share or present.
Exercise :-------
Long Answer Questions
Q1. What is Data Literacy? Explain its importance in our daily life.
Answer:
Data Literacy is the ability to read, understand, analyze, and use data to make informed
decisions. Just like reading and writing are important for communication, data literacy is
important for understanding information in today's digital world.
Importance of Data Literacy in daily life:
1. Better decision-making – It helps us make smart choices by analyzing facts, like choosing a
product after comparing prices and reviews.
2. Avoiding fake news – By understanding data, we can check whether the information is true
or misleading.
3. Useful in studies – Students can analyze their test results and improve their learning based on
performance data.
4. Career benefits – Almost all jobs now use some form of data. Being data literate opens up
more job opportunities.
5. Health and finance – Helps in tracking health (e.g., step counts, diet tracking apps) and
managing budgets or expenses.
Q2. What are the different types and sources of data? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Types of Data:
1. Qualitative Data – This type of data is descriptive, not in numbers.
🔹 Example: Color of eyes, names of students, favorite food.
2. Quantitative Data – This data is numerical and can be measured.
🔹 Example: Height, age, number of books.
Sources of Data:
1. Primary Data – Data collected directly by the user for a specific purpose.
🔹 Examples: Surveys, experiments, interviews, direct observations.
2. Secondary Data – Data collected by someone else and already available.
🔹 Examples: Books, websites, newspapers, government reports.
Q3. Explain Data Preprocessing. Why is it important before using the data?
Answer:
Data Preprocessing is the process of cleaning, organizing, and preparing data before using it
for analysis or visualization.
Steps in Data Preprocessing:
1. Removing duplicates or errors in the data.
2. Filling missing values or correcting incorrect information.
3. Arranging data in a proper format (tables, columns, rows).
4. Converting data types (e.g., text to numbers).
Importance of Data Preprocessing:
Increases accuracy: Clean data gives correct results.
Saves time later: Well-organized data is easier to analyze.
Reduces confusion: Helps avoid mistakes in decision-making.
Improves visualizations: Charts and graphs look better and are more meaningful.
Q4. What is Data Interpretation? Mention tools used for interpreting data and their uses.
Answer:
Data Interpretation is the process of analyzing data and making sense of it. It helps in finding
patterns, trends, and conclusions from raw or processed data.
Why is it important?
Helps in understanding the meaning behind numbers.
Supports decision-making based on evidence.
Makes complex information easy to understand.
Tools used for Data Interpretation:
1. Google Sheets / Microsoft Excel
🔹 Used to create tables, charts, and graphs.
2. Datawrapper
🔹 An online tool to make clean and interactive charts.
3. Google Data Studio
🔹 For creating interactive dashboards and reports.
4. Tableau Public
🔹 A free no-code tool for advanced visualizations.
Q5. What is Data Visualization? Explain its importance and how to create a simple chart
using a No-Code Tool.
Answer:
Data Visualization means presenting data using charts, graphs, or maps. It helps us
understand large amounts of data quickly by turning numbers into pictures.
Importance of Data Visualization:
1. Simplifies data – Helps people understand large data easily.
2. Useful for presentations – Explains ideas clearly in school or office projects.
How to create a chart using Google Sheets (No-Code Tool):
Steps:
1. Open Google Sheets and enter your data in rows and columns.
2. Select the data range with the mouse.
3. Click Insert > Chart.
4. Choose a chart type – Bar Chart, Pie Chart, etc.
5. Customize chart title, labels, and colors.
6. Your interactive chart is ready!
Q6. What is Cyber Security? Write any 5 best practices to keep data secure.
Answer:
Cyber Security is the protection of data, computers, and networks from unauthorized access,
theft, or damage. It ensures privacy and safety in the digital world.
Best Practices for Cyber Security:
1. Avoid sharing personal information on unsafe websites or social media.
2. Update your software and antivirus regularly to block new threats.
3. Do not click on unknown links or attachments in emails.
True or False
Data literacy helps make better decisions. True
Primary data is collected from books and websites. False
Strong passwords help in keeping data safe. True
Google Sheets is a no-code tool for charts and graphs. True
MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)
1. Which of the following is qualitative data?
A) Height
B) Weight
C) Color
D) Age
➤ Answer: C) Color
2. Which tool is used for creating interactive dashboards?
A) MS Paint
B) Google Docs
C) Google Data Studio
D) Notepad
➤ Answer: C) Google Data Studio
3. What is the first step in data preprocessing?
A) Sharing the data
B) Drawing a chart
C) Cleaning the data
D) Printing the data
➤ Answer: C) Cleaning the data
