NAME: IWOHA IHOMA LOVE
DEPT. COURSE: BSC. EDU BIOLOGY
MATRIC NUMBER: 24150402066
COURSE CODE: MTH101
QUESTION 1
Find the last term and sum of the following series and show inductively.
(a) - 7 - 1 + 5 . . .
(b) 3 + 6 + 12 . . .
SOLUTION
Given that a = - 7, d = 6
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
Tn = - 7 + (n – 1)6
Tn = -7 + 6n – 6
Tn = - 13 + 6n
n
Sn = (2a + (n – 1)d)
2
n
Sn = (2(-7) + (n – 1)6)
2
n
Sn = (- 14 + (n – 1)6)
2
n
Sn = (- 14 + 6n - 6)
2
n
Sn = (- 20 + 6n)
2
n
Sn = 2( - 10 + 3n)
2
Sn = n(- 10 + 3n)
-7 -1 + 5 . . .(- 13 + 6n) = n( - 10 + 3n)
Proof that n = 1
(- 13 + 6n) = n(-10 + 3n)
- 13 + 6(1) = 1(- 10 + 3(1))
- 13 + 6 = -10 + 3
-7 = -7
Assume n = k
-7 – 1 + 5 . . .(6n – 13) = n(3n – 10)
-7 – 1 + 5 . . .(6k – 13) = k(3k – 10)
Proof that n = k + 1
-7 – 1 + 5 . . .(6k – 13) + 6(k + 1) – 13 = (k + 1)(3(k + 10)
k(3k – 10) + 6(k +1) – 13 = (k + 1)(3(k + 1) – 10)
3k2 – 10k + 6k + 6 – 13 = (k + 1)(3k + 3 – 10)
3k2 – 4k -7 = (k + 1)(3k – 7)
3k2 – 4k – 7 = 3k2 – 7k + 3k – 7
3k2 – 4k – 7 = 3k2 – 4k – 7
Therefore n is true for all integers
SOLUTION FOR QUESTION 1b
Find the last term and sum of the series and show inductively: 3 + 6 + 12 . . .
Using Tn = arn – 1
a = 3 and r = 2
Tn = 3(2)n – 1
Tn = 6n -1
Sum of the series = Sn = a(rn-1)/r – 1
= 3(2n-1)/ 2 – 1
3(2n -1)
Therefore, 3 + 6 + 12 . . .3(2n-1) = 3(2n-1)
Proof that n =1
3(21-1) = 3(21-1)
3(20) = 3(20)
3(1) = 3(1)
3=3
Therefore, n = 1 is true
Assume n = k
3 + 6 + 12 . . .3(2k-1) = 3(2k-1)
Proof that n = k + 1
3 + 6 + 12 . . .3(2k-1) + 3(2k-1) = 3(2k-1 - )
3(2k-1) + 3(2k) = 3(2k-1 – 1)
Let 2k = x
3(x – 1) + 3(x) = 3(2x – 1)
3x – 3 + 3x = 6x – 3
6x – 3 = 6x – 3
recall that 2k = x
hence, 6(2k) – 3 = 6(2k) – 3
therefore, n is true for all integers
QUESTION 2
1. Find the values of x in x2 + 8x + 12 = 0
SOLUTION
1. Completing the Square Method
x2 + 8x + 12 = 0
move the constant to the other side:
x2 + 8x = -12
Complete the square:
X2 + 8x + (8/2)2 = -12 + (8/2)2
= x2 + 8x + 42 = -12 + 42
= X2 + 8x + 16 = -12 + 16
= x2 + 8x + 16 = 4
= (x + 4)2 = 4
square root of both sides:
√(x + 4)2 = √ 4
= x + 4 = ±2
Solve for x
X + 4 = 2 → x = −2
x + 4 = −2 → x = -6
therefore:
x = -2
x = -6
2. Trial and Error Method
Using trial and error, we substitute different values to see if they satisfy the equation:
For x = −2x = −2:
(-2)2 + 8(-2) + 12 = 4 – 16 + 12 = 0
then for x = -6:
(-6)2 + 8(-6) + 12 = 36 – 48 + 12 =0
Hence,
x = -2
x = -6
3. Quadratic Formula Method
The quadratic formula is
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a
given that a = 1, b = 8 and c = 12
Thus,
−8 ± √ 8 2−4 (1∗12) −8 ± √ 64−4(12)
x= x=
2(1) 2
−8 ± √ 64−4 8
x=
2
−8 ± √ 16
x=
2
−8 ± 4
x=
2
Calculate the two potential solutions
−8+ 4
x=
2
= -4/2
x = -2
−8−4
x=
2
= -12/2
x = -6
hence, x = -2
x = -6
4. Factorization Method
To solve by factorization, we look for two numbers that multiply to 12 (the constant term) and
add up to 8 (the coefficient of xx):
The numbers 2 and 6 fit this:
(i) 2×6=12
(ii) 2+6=8
Hence, the equation is written as:
(x+2)(x+6)=0
Thus: x + 2 = 0
x+6=0
Hence, x = -2
x = -6
5. Substitution method
Let z = x + 4
since z = x + 4
Then, x = z – 4
Substitute z – 4 for x into the original equation
(z – 4)2 + 8(z – 4) + 12 = 0
(z – 4)(z – 4) + 8(z – 4) + 12 = 0
z2 – 4z – 4z – 16 + 8z - 32 + 12 = 0
z2 – 8z – 16 + 8z – 20 = 0
z2 – 4 = 0
z2 = 4
root both sides
z = ±2
recall that z = x + 4
x=z–4
x=2–4
x = -2
or
x=-2–4
x = -6
