PHILIPPINE POLITICS, GOVERNANCE & CITIZENSHIP (LECTURE)
LESSON 3: THE GOVERNMENT
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2 SEMESTER I S.Y. 2021-2022
TRANCRIBED BY: JEAN HERSHEY REYES
OUTLINE 2. Aristocracy is a government in which political power is
exercised by few privileged classes which is known as
I. Early Attempts to Classify Dyarchy aristocracy or oligarchy.
Governments Ethnocracy
In an oligarchy, a small group of people has all the power in
II. Classifications of Geniocracy
the government.
Governments Gynarchy
III. Forms of Governments Heptarchy
Anarchy 3. Democracy is a government in which political power is
Judiciocracy exercised by a majority of the people.
Adhocracy Kakistocracy
Androcracy/And Etc. a) Direct or pure democracy is a government in which the
rarchy
will of the state is formulated or expressed directly
Atheocracy
and immediately through the people in a mass
Autarchy meeting or primary assembly.
Bureaucracy
Confederacy b) Indirect, representative or republican democracy is a
government in which the will of the state is formulated
Early Attempts to Classify Governments and expressed through a relatively small and select
body of persons chosen by the people to act as their
Aristotle made one of the earliest attempts to classify government representatives.
structures. He distinguished between states ruled by one person,
by the few and the many- monarchy, aristocracy and mixed c) Anarchy – a situation where there is no government
government.
There are also people called anarchists. They believe that any
His intention was not only to describe but to evaluate and thus he government is a bad thing - this belief is called anarchism.
extended his classification scheme to their 'perverted' forms, which Anarchists think governments stop people organizing their own
he labelled tyranny, oligarchy and democracy. lives. Instead they think people would be better off if they ruled
their own lives and worked together to create a society in
any form they choose.
Charles baron de Montesquieu, a French philosopher of the
eighteenth century, produced one of the most famous schemes
B. As to extent of Powers Exercised by the Central or National
of classifying governments:
Government
There are three species of government: republican,
monarchical and despotic. Unitary Government is a government in which the control of
national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national
government.
Montesquieu's classification differed from Aristotle's in that
aristocracy and democracy were part of his republican type of
government, but his categorization was firmly in the classical mold Federal government is a government in which the powers of
since the type of government depended on the number of government are divided between the national and local
people holding power. governments.
Classifications of Governments C. As to the Relationship between the Executive and Legislative
Branches of Government
A. As to the number of persons exercising sovereign power
Parliamentary government is a government in which the state
confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of
1. Monarchy is a government in which supreme and final authority
office of the real executive. Legislatures called parliaments
is in the hands of a single person.
operate under a parliamentary system of government in which
the executive is constitutionally answerable to the
o Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the ruler
parliament. Parliaments usually consist of chambers or houses,
rules by divine right
and are usually either bicameral or unicameral.
o Limited Monarchy is a government in which the ruler
Presidential government is a government in which the state
rules in accordance with the Constitution
makes the executive constitutionally independent of the
legislature as regards to tenure to a large extent.
o Tyranny is an autocratic form of rule in which one
individual exercises power without any legal
restraint o A presidential system is a system of government
where an executive branch is led by a president
o Dictatorship is an authoritarian type of government who serves as both head of state and head of
where there is absolute control by one person. government. In such a system, this branch exists
separately from the legislature, to which it is not
responsible and which it cannot, in normal
circumstances
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Forms of Governments
Anarchy The state of having no government.
Adhocracy A type of organization that operates in
opposite fashion to a bureaucracy;
government in unstructured fashion
Androcracy or A form of government in which the
Andrarchy government rulers are male.
Atheocracy A government where religion is
forbidden
Autarchy A government by an absolute ruler
Bureaucracy A government by civil servants
Confederacy A union of sovereign states
Dyarchy A government by two; dual monarchy
Ethnocracy A form of government by a particular
ethnic group
Geniocracy A government of intelligent people
Gynarchy A government by women; gynocracy
Heptarchy A government by seven people
Judiciocracy A government by judges
Kakistocracy A government by the worst
Kleptocracy A government by thieves
Malarchy A government by bad leaders
Matriarchy A form of government by women or
mothers
Meritocracy A government by those with merit
Minarchy A government with the smallest
possible size
Nomocracy A government through established laws
Ochlocracy A government by mobs
Particracy A government by political parties
Patriarchy A government by fathers
Plutocracy A government by the wealthy
Polyarchy A government by many people
Republic A government by elected officials
Robocracy A government by robots
Stratocracy A government by armed forces
Technocracy A government by technical experts
Tetrarchy A government by four people
Theocracy A government by a deity through the
clergy or by religious law
Timocracy A government by the propertied class
Triumvirate A government by three people
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