NCM 104 Lecture Module 1 Lecture Notes  Leading causes of death worldwide,

including diabetes, cancer, and

Health (WHO)
heart disease.
 A state of complete physical, mental,  Five major risk factors: tobacco use,
and social well-being, not merely the physical inactivity, harmful use of
absence of disease or infirmity. alcohol, unhealthy diets, and air
pollution.
Global Health (Institute of Medicine) 3. Global Influenza Pandemic:
 Health problems, issues, and concerns  The world is expected to face
that transcend national boundaries, another influenza pandemic; the
influenced by circumstances in other timing and severity are uncertain.
countries, and best addressed by 4. Fragile and Vulnerable Settings:
cooperative actions.  Over 1.6 billion people live in fragile
settings impacted by prolonged
Global Health (Koplan et al.) crises (e.g., drought, famine,
 An area for study, research, and practice conflict, and population
prioritizing health and health equity for displacement).
all people worldwide. 5. Antimicrobial Resistance:
 A growing global health concern
Global Health (Kickbush) that threatens the effectiveness of
medications.
 Health issues that transcend national
6. Ebola and Other High-Threat Pathogens:
boundaries and governments, requiring
 The emergence of pathogens like
action on global forces that determine
Ebola represents a significant threat
people's health.
to global health security.
Important Concepts: 7. Weak Primary Health Care:
 Insufficient primary health care
 Governments are responsible for the
systems hinder access to necessary
health of their people.
health services.
 Global health issues are influenced by
8. Vaccine Hesitancy:
factors like epidemiology, sociology,
 Growing reluctance or refusal to
economic disparities, public policy,
vaccinate poses a risk to public
environmental factors, cultural studies,
health and can lead to outbreaks of
etc.
preventable diseases.
10 threats to global health as identified by 9. Dengue:
the World Health Organization (2019)  A viral infection transmitted by
mosquitoes, with increasing
10 threats to Global Health: prevalence and impact on health
systems.
1. Air Pollution and Climate Change 10. HIV:
 Considered the greatest  Continuing to be a significant global
environmental risk to health. health issue, with ongoing
2. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): challenges in prevention and
treatment.
 Field Health Service Information System  This rate measures the number of
(FHSIS) Health Indicators: deaths caused by a specific health
event in a defined population over a
1. Crude Death Rate (CDR):
specified time period. Public Health
- The number of deaths occurring
Nursing Specialties
during a year per 1,000 population
estimated at midyear. Public Health:
2. Under-Five Mortality Rate (UFMR):
 Defined by Dr. C.E. Winslow as "the
- The probability of a child born in a
science and art of preventing disease,
specific year or period dying before
prolonging life, and promoting health
reaching the age of five, expressed
and efficiency through organized
per 1,000 live births.
community efforts for the sanitation of
3. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR):
the environment, the control of
- The number of deaths per 1,000 live
communicable infections, the
births under one year of age.
education of the individual in principles
4. Perinatal Deaths:
of personal hygiene, the organization of
- Refers to the number of stillbirths
medical and nursing services for the
and deaths in the first week of life
early diagnosis and preventive
(early neonatal mortality).
treatment of disease, and the
5. Neonatal Deaths (NT Deaths):
development of the social machinery
 Deaths among live births during the
which will ensure to every individual in
first 28 completed days of life.
the community a standard of living
6. Maternal Mortality Rate:
adequate for the maintenance of
 This rate measures the number of
health."
deaths of women during pregnancy
or within 42 days of childbirth, per Public Health Nursing:
100,000 live births. These deaths
are related to pregnancy or its  This field combines nursing skills with
management, excluding accidental public health principles and social
or incidental causes assistance to contribute to overall
7. Crude Birth Rate: public health programs.
 This rate measures the number of Community Health Nursing:
live births in a given year per 1,000
mid-year total population of a  This specialty focuses on providing
specific geographical area. nursing services to communities,
8. Morbidity: groups, families, and individuals in
 This refers to the state of being various settings, including homes,
symptomatic or unhealthy due to a health centers, clinics, schools, and
disease or condition. workplaces.
9. Morbidity Rate: The goal is to promote health, prevent
 This rate measures the proportion illness, care for the sick at home, and
of patients with a disease during a facilitate rehabilitation. – RUTH B.
given year per population. FREEMAN
10. Mortality Rate:  “Nursing practice in a wide variety of
community services and consumer
 advocate areas, and in a variety of  CHN practice is affected by
roles, at times including in dependent developments in health technology,
practice… Community nursing is in particular, changes in society
certainly not confined to public health  Goal of CHN is achieved through
nursing agencies.” – Jacobson, 1975 multi-sectoral efforts.
 The utilization of the nursing process in  Health care system and the larger
the different levels of clientele – human services system.
individuals, population groups and
Responsibilities of the Community Health Nurse
communities, concerned with the
promotion of health, prevention of  Community Health Nurses contribute to
disease and disability and community health by developing and
rehabilitation.” -Maglaya, et al implementing health plans, providing
quality care across various clientele,
GOAL!!
collaborating with other healthcare
 “Raise the level of citizenry by professionals, conducting research to
helping communities and families improve services, and fostering
to scope with the discontinuities in professional growth among staff.
and threats to health in such a way
Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the
as to maximize their potential for
Philippines ( Refer to Public Health Nursing in
high-level wellness” -Nisce, et al
the Philippines by Cuevas pp. 3-16)
STANDARD OF NURSING IN THE
 1898 - Department of Health was first
PHILIPPINES 2005 DEFINED:
established as Department of Public
 Public Health Nurses are nurses Works
working in local or national
Roles and Responsibilities of a Community
health departments or public
Health Nurse
schools, regardless of their
official title (e.g., public health  Healthcare Provider
nurse, nurse, or school nurse).  Health Educator.
 Program Implementer.
 Community Organizer
Principles of CHN  Manager/Leader.
 Researcher/Epidemiologist.
 The community is the patient in
 Client Advocate.
CHN, the family is the unit of
care and there are four levels
of clientele: individual, family,
population group and the
community.
 Client is considered as an
ACTIVE partner NOTPASSIVE
recipient of care.
NCM 104: Module 6:  Records are confidential documents.
FAMILY RECORDS Field Health Service
Information System
IMPORTANCE AND USES OF RECORDS IN
FAMILY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE
(FHSIS)
 Records are essential in family health  Field Health Service
nursing to ensure accountability,
document care provided, facilitate
Information System
collaboration among healthcare (FHSIS): Key information
professionals, and summarize services network by the
for reporting and evaluation. Department of Health
(DOH) for managing
Record
 A record is a permanent written nationwide health
document that captures information services.
relevant to a client's healthcare
management.
 Purpose: Provides
 It serves as a clinical, scientific, essential data to monitor
administrative, and legal document health program
related to the nursing care provided to activities.
individuals, families, or communities.
 Are oral or written exchanges of Importance of FHSIS:
information shared between caregivers
or workers in a number of ways.  Guides local
governments in setting
Purpose of Records public health priorities.
 Records supply essential data
for program planning and  Serves as a foundation
evaluation for monitoring and
 Provide practitioners with
evaluating health
necessary information for
improving family health program implementation.
 Serve as communication tools Supports planning,
between health workers, budgeting, logistics, and
families, and other
development personnel. decision-making at all
levels.
PRINCIPLES in Record Writing
TYPES OF RECORDS AND
 Written clearly, appropriately
and adequately.
REPORTS
 Contain facts based on observation,  Field Health Service
conversation and action.
Information System
 Records should be written immediately
after an interview. (FHSIS):
Components: o Maintained at each
health facility for all
1. Records:
patient
o Facility-based consultations.
documents with
Example of ITR
detailed, daily data
on health worker
activities.
o Data source:
Services provided to
patients/clients.
2. Reports:
o Summary data  Target Client List
submitted monthly, (TCL): Second essential
quarterly, and component of FHSIS,
annually to higher supporting various
levels. healthcare services.
o Data source: Functions of TCL:
Derived from facility  Aids in planning and
records. delivering patient care.
Recording Component:  Helps monitor and
 ITR (Individual supervise service
Treatment Record): delivery.
o Foundation of  Facilitates reporting of
FHSIS. services provided.
o Document records  Acts as a clinic-level
patient details: database for research
date, name, and further studies.
address, symptoms, Types of TCLs (as of 2012):
diagnosis,
treatment, and  Prenatal Care
treatment date.  Post-Partum Care
 Nutrition and Expanded  Monthly Consolidation
Program for Table (MCT):
Immunization
o Public Health Nurse
 Family Planning (PHN) compiles data
from all barangays.
 Sick Children
o Serves as a source
Sample of TCL
for the Quarterly
Form.
o Acts as the RHU
output table, listing
indicators by
barangay.
Monthly Forms:
 Summary Table:  M1 - Program Report:
o A 12-month form Contains selected
kept at health indicators (maternal
facilities (BHS) care, child care, family
where planning, disease
midwives/nurses control) matching those
record monthly in TCL and Summary
data. Tables.

o Summarizes data  M2 - Monthly

from Target Client Morbidity Disease
Lists (TCL) or Report: Lists diseases
registries. by age and sex.

o Tracks morbidity Sample M1 (Front Page)

diseases monthly,
helping identify
leading causes of
morbidity and
reportable diseases
for the
municipality/city.
 o A3: Reports all deaths in the
municipality/city, categorized by
age and sex.

o A-BRGY: Provides data on

demographic, environmental,
Sample M2 (back page) natality, and mortality details.

TABAFA, NYEN BSN 2C

 Quarterly Forms:

o Q1 - Municipality/City Health
Report: Summarizes three
months of data on maternal
care, family planning, child care,
dental health, and disease
control.

o Q2 - Quarterly Consolidation
Report of Morbidity Diseases:
Compiles Monthly Morbidity
data from the Summary Table,
submitted every third week of
the first month of the following
quarter.

 Annual Forms:

o A1: Contains yearly data and

indicators.

o A2: Lists all diseases and their

occurrences in the
municipality/city, broken down
by age and sex.
 blood pressure and hemoglobin
standards, age restrictions, health
condition, and post-donation care.
 RA 7875 - National Health Insurance Act
(PhilHealth): Establishes the National
Health Insurance Program for financial
health access, especially for
underserved populations.
 RA 3573 - Mandatory Reporting of
Notifiable Diseases and Health Events:
Requires the reporting of disease
incidence and prevalence, aiding in
public health response.
 RA 7305 - Magna Carta for Public Health
Workers: Provides compensation
standards to improve healthcare
delivery by supporting health workers.
 RA 9211 - Tobacco Regulation Act of
2003: Restricts youth tobacco access,
mandates warning labels, and limits
smoking in public places.
 RA 6675 - Generic Act of 1988:
Promotes the use and distribution of
generic medicines.
 RA 9994 - Expanded Senior Citizens Act
of 2010: Grants senior citizens
discounts, tax exemptions, free
healthcare services, and other benefits
for those aged 60+.
 RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002: Establishes the
NCM 104 Lecture MOUDLE 8 Dangerous Drugs Board and the
Philippines Drug Enforcement Agency
Philippine Health and Safety Legislation
for drug policy and enforcement.
 PD 856 - Code on Sanitation:  RA 9502 - Universally
Established in 1975, including standards Accessible Cheaper and
for worker health protection under Quality Medicines Act of
Industrial Hygiene. 2008: Promotes affordable,
 RA 8749 - Philippine Clean Air Act: high-quality medicines through
Focuses on air pollution prevention and competition in the
public awareness to improve air quality. pharmaceutical industry.
 RA 10121 - Philippine
 RA 7719 - National Blood Services Act:
Disaster Risk Reduction and
Guidelines for blood donation include Management Act: Establishes
voluntary giving, minimum weight, a framework and plan for
 disaster risk reduction and  RA 10666 - Children Safety
management, with response on Motorcycles Act of 2015:
phases including risk reduction, Regulates the transport of
readiness, response, and children on motorcycles on
recovery. The NDRRMC, chaired public roads to ensure their
by the Department of National safety. Children are allowed to
Defense, coordinates disaster ride only if they meet specific
management. criteria, such as being able to
 RA 9262 - Anti-Violence reach foot pegs and wearing a
Against Women and Their helmet. Penalties include fines
Children Act: Protects women and possible license revocation.
and children from physical,  RA 10821 - Children's
sexual, psychological, and Emergency Relief and
economic abuse within familial Protection Act of 2016:
or intimate relationships. Requires government agencies
 RA 11188 - Special to create and implement a
Protection of Children in Comprehensive Emergency
Situations of Armed Conflict Program to protect children, as
Act: Provides special well as pregnant and lactating
protections for children affected mothers, during emergencies
by armed conflict and sets and disasters.
penalties for violations.  PD 603 - Child and Youth
 RA 10028 - Expanded Welfare Code: Guarantees
Breastfeeding Promotion Act rights for all children without
of 2009: Expands discrimination and applies to
breastfeeding support and those under 21, except those
establishes steps for successful legally emancipated.
breastfeeding practices in  RA 7877 - Anti-Sexual
healthcare settings. Harassment Act: Protects
 RA 10354 - Responsible individuals from sexual
Parenthood and harassment in work, education,
Reproductive Health Act: or training environments,
Promotes responsible family holding liable those who direct
planning, informed choice, and or aid in committing
reproductive health services for harassment.
all Filipinos. It includes  RA 8423 - Traditional and
reproductive health education, Alternative Medicine Act:
gender equality, and maternal Establishes the Philippine
and child health services. Institute of Traditional and
 RA 10152 - Mandatory Infant Alternative Health Care
and Children Health (PITAHC) to integrate traditional
Immunization Act of 2011: and alternative health practices
Requires basic immunizations into national healthcare.
for children under five, covering Recognized medicinal plants
vaccines for diseases like include:
tuberculosis, DPT, MMR, and o Lagundi: for cough
Hepatitis B, which should be o Sambong: diuretic
administered within 24 hours of o Ulasimang Bato:
birth. uricosuric agent for gout
o Ampalaya: anti-diabetic
 o Bayabas: wound
cleansing
o Niyog-niyogan: anti-
parasitic
o Bawang: anti-
hypertensive
o Tsaang Gubat: anti-
spasmodic
o Yerba Buena: analgesic
o Akapulko: anti-fungal
 RA 3753 - Civil Registrar
Law: Establishes a civil registry
in the Philippines to record acts,
events, and legal instruments
related to the civil status of
individuals.
 RA 7160 - Local Government
Code of 1991: Devolves health
services to local government
units, transforming the DOH
from a sole provider to a
technical advisor supporting
local health units.
 RA 6713 - Code of Conduct &
Ethical Standards for Public
Officials and Employees:
Mandates ethical conduct for
public officials, including
prohibiting conflicts of interest
and granting rewards for
exemplary service.
 RA 1082 - Rural Health Act:
Strengthens rural health
services by establishing rural
health units with doctors,
dentists, nurses, midwives, and
sanitary inspectors to improve
healthcare in underserved
areas. This act was later
amended by RA 1891 to expand
rural health services.