Class 12 Informatics Practices Practical File
Q1. Practical File Questions
def series_from_dict_and_ndarray():
d = {"a": 10, "b": 20, "c": 30}
s_dict = pd.Series(d, name="from_dict")
arr = np.array([100, 200, 300, 400])
s_arr = pd.Series(arr, index=list("wxyz"), name="from_ndarray")
return s_dict, s_arr
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q2. 12th Informatics Practices
def series_from_list():
data = [5, 9, 2, 7, 1]
s = pd.Series(data, index=list("abcde"), name="from_list")
return s
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q3. 2025-26
def series_empty_scalar_numpy():
s_empty = pd.Series(dtype="float64", name="empty_series")
s_scalar = pd.Series(7, index=list("abcd"), name="scalar_series")
s_numpy = pd.Series(np.arange(1, 6), name="numpy_series")
return s_empty, s_scalar, s_numpy
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q4. Create a panda’s series from a dictionary of values and a Nd array
def quarterly_sales_groupby():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Category": ["Grocery", "Grocery", "Electronics", "Electronics", "Stationery", "Grocery"],
"Item": ["Rice", "Pulses", "Headphones", "Mouse", "Pen", "Oil"],
"Expenditure": [1200, 800, 2500, 900, 300, 700],
"Quarter": ["Q1", "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4", "Q2"]
})
total_by_cat = df.groupby("Category", as_index=False)["Expenditure"].sum().rename(columns={"Expendit
return df, total_by_cat
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q5. Create a series using list.
def exam_result_info():
exam_df = pd.DataFrame({
"RollNo": [1, 2, 3, 4],
"Name": ["Asha", "Brij", "Charu", "Deep"],
"Maths": [88, 76, 93, 67],
"Physics": [81, 69, 85, 72],
"Chemistry": [90, 74, 84, 70]
}).set_index("RollNo")
info = {
"row_labels": exam_df.index.tolist(),
"column_labels": exam_df.columns.tolist(),
"dtypes": exam_df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict(),
"dimensions": exam_df.shape
}
return exam_df, info
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q6. Creating a series: Empty, Scaler and Numpy array
def filter_duplicate_rows():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Name": ["A", "B", "A", "C", "B"],
"Marks": [90, 85, 90, 78, 85]
})
unique_df = df.drop_duplicates()
return df, unique_df
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q7. Create Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name,
and expenditure. Group the rows by the category and print the total expenditure per category.
def import_export_csv(path="/mnt/data/sample.csv"):
df = pd.DataFrame({"id":[1,2,3], "name":["Riya","Ishan","Tara"], "score":[91,85,88]})
df.to_csv(path, index=False)
loaded = pd.read_csv(path)
return df, loaded
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q8. Create a data frame for examination result and display row labels, column labels data types of
each column and the dimensions
def add_grades():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Name":["Asha","Brij","Charu","Deep","Esha"],
"Marks":[95, 81, 67, 54, 39]
})
def grade(m):
if m >= 90: return "A+"
if m >= 80: return "A"
if m >= 70: return "B"
if m >= 60: return "C"
if m >= 50: return "D"
return "F"
df["Grade"] = df["Marks"].apply(grade)
return df
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q9. Filter out rows based on different criteria such as duplicate rows.
def school_result_analysis():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Class":["X","X","X","XI","XI","XI"],
"Student":["Asha","Brij","Charu","Deep","Esha","Firoz"],
"Maths":[88, 72, 91, 67, 83, 75],
"Science":[90, 69, 86, 70, 88, 78],
"English":[85, 74, 92, 73, 81, 80]
})
# Subject-wise mean
subjectwise_mean = df[["Maths","Science","English"]].mean().to_frame("Average").T
# Class-wise average per subject
classwise = df.groupby("Class")[["Maths","Science","English"]].mean()
toppers = df.assign(Total=df[["Maths","Science","English"]].sum(axis=1)).nlargest(3, "Total")[["Stud
return df, subjectwise_mean, classwise, toppers
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q10. Importing and exporting data between pandas and CSV file.
def analysis_plot_example(show=False):
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Month":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May"],
"Sales_A":[120, 150, 130, 160, 180],
"Sales_B":[100, 140, 120, 155, 175]
})
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.plot(df["Month"], df["Sales_A"], label="Product A")
plt.plot(df["Month"], df["Sales_B"], label="Product B")
plt.title("Monthly Sales Comparison")
plt.xlabel("Month")
plt.ylabel("Sales (Units)")
plt.legend()
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/monthly_sales_line.png")
return df
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q11. Write a program to iterate over a DataFrame containing names and marks, then calculate
grades as per marks and add them to the grade column.
def plant_growth_chart(show=False):
days = [1,2,3,4,5]
height_cm = [2, 3.5, 5, 7.2, 9]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.plot(days, height_cm, marker="o")
plt.title("Plant Growth Over 5 Days")
plt.xlabel("Day")
plt.ylabel("Height (cm)")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/plant_growth.png")
return days, height_cm
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q12. Given the school result data and analysis the performance of the student on different
parameter such as subjectwise or classwise.
def bar_chart_marks(show=False):
subjects = ["Maths","Science","English","Hindi","CS"]
marks = [88, 92, 81, 76, 95]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.bar(subjects, marks)
plt.title("Marks in 5 Subjects")
plt.xlabel("Subject")
plt.ylabel("Marks")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/marks_bar.png")
return subjects, marks
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q13. Create DataFrame for analysis and plot chart with title and legends.
def hbar_streams(show=False):
streams = ["Science","Commerce","Arts"]
counts = [120, 85, 60]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.barh(streams, counts)
plt.title("Students per Stream")
plt.xlabel("Number of Students")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/streams_hbar.png")
return streams, counts
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q14. Write a Python program to plot a simple line chart showing the growth of a plant over 5 days.
def pie_time_spent(show=False):
activities = ["Sleep","School","Study","Play","Other"]
hours = [8, 6, 3, 3, 4]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.pie(hours, labels=activities, autopct="%1.1f%%", startangle=90)
plt.title("Daily Time Distribution")
plt.axis("equal")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/time_pie.png")
return activities, hours
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q15. Create a bar chart showing the marks obtained by a student in 5 subjects.
def bar_population_custom_colors(show=False):
cities = ["Delhi","Mumbai","Kolkata","Chennai","Bengaluru"]
population = [19, 20, 14, 11, 12] # in millions (example)
colors = ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#2ca02c", "#d62728", "#9467bd"]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.bar(cities, population, color=colors)
plt.title("Population of Five Cities")
plt.xlabel("City")
plt.ylabel("Population (Millions)")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/population_custom_colors.png")
return cities, population
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q16. Plot a horizontal bar chart showing the number of students in different streams.
def pie_favourite_fruits(show=False):
fruits = ["Mango","Apple","Banana","Grapes"]
votes = [50, 30, 15, 5]
explode = [0.1, 0, 0, 0]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.pie(votes, labels=fruits, explode=explode, shadow=True, autopct="%1.0f%%")
plt.title("Favourite Fruits")
plt.axis("equal")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/fruits_pie.png")
return fruits, votes
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q17. Draw a pie chart showing the percentage of time spent by a student on various activities in a
day.
def concatenate_two_2d_arrays():
a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])
concatenated = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=0) # vertical
return a, b, concatenated
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q18. Write a Python script to display bar chart for population of five cities using custom colors.
def sort_dataframe():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Name":["Isha","Aman","Neel","Bela"],
"Marks":[85, 92, 78, 88]
})
sorted_by_name = df.sort_values(by="Name")
sorted_by_marks_desc = df.sort_values(by="Marks", ascending=False)
return df, sorted_by_name, sorted_by_marks_desc
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q19. Display a pie chart showing favourite fruits of students with explode and shadow effects.
def write_and_read_stud_csv(path="/mnt/data/stud.csv"):
stud = pd.DataFrame({
"RollNo":[101,102,103],
"Name":["Anil","Beena","Chetan"],
"Marks":[86,91,77]
})
stud.to_csv(path, index=False)
read_back = pd.read_csv(path)
return stud, read_back
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q20. Program to concatenating two 2D array using single array.
def binary_operations_on_dataframes():
df1 = pd.DataFrame({"A":[1,2,3], "B":[4,5,6]})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({"A":[10,20,30], "B":[40,50,60]})
add = df1.add(df2, fill_value=0)
sub = df2.sub(df1, fill_value=0)
mul = df1.mul(df2, fill_value=1)
return df1, df2, add, sub, mul
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Run a few demonstrations and save charts
_, _ = analysis_plot_example(show=True)
_ = plant_growth_chart(show=True)
_ = bar_chart_marks(show=True)
_ = hbar_streams(show=True)
_ = pie_time_spent(show=True)
_ = bar_population_custom_colors(show=True)
_ = pie_favourite_fruits(show=True)
Expected Output:
Output will depend on execution in Python (DataFrame, plots, etc.).
Q21. WAP to Sort the data in dataframe.
Q22. To write in csv file ‘stud.csv’ and also display the content of the file.
Q23. Binary operations on dataframes.
Q24. Create a student table with the student id, name, and marks as attributes where the student
id is the primary key.
Q25. Insert the details of a new student in the above table.
Q26. Delete the details of a student in the above table.
Q27. Use the select command to get the details of the students with marks more than 80.
Q28. Find the min, max, sum, and average of the marks in a student marks table.
Q29. Find the total number of customers from each country in the table (customer ID, customer
Name, country) using group by.
Q30. Write a SQL query to order the (student ID, marks) table in descending order of the marks.
Q31. Write SQL query to display all the records of the student table.
Q32. String functions
Q33. Date and Time functions.
SQL Practical Questions
-- Class 12 IP — SQL Solutions
-- 1) Create a student table with id, name, marks (id as PRIMARY KEY)
CREATE TABLE student (
student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
marks INT CHECK (marks >= 0 AND marks <= 100)
);
-- 2) Insert the details of a new student
INSERT INTO student (student_id, name, marks) VALUES (1, 'Asha', 92);
-- 3) Delete the details of a student
DELETE FROM student WHERE student_id = 1;
-- 4) Select students with marks more than 80
SELECT student_id, name, marks FROM student WHERE marks > 80;
-- 5) Find min, max, sum, average of marks
SELECT MIN(marks) AS min_marks, MAX(marks) AS max_marks,
SUM(marks) AS total_marks, AVG(marks) AS avg_marks
FROM student;
-- 6) Total number of customers from each country (customer_id, customer_name, country)
-- Table: customers(customer_id INT, customer_name VARCHAR(50), country VARCHAR(50))
SELECT country, COUNT(*) AS total_customers
FROM customers
GROUP BY country;
-- 7) Order (student_id, marks) table in descending order of marks
SELECT student_id, marks FROM student ORDER BY marks DESC;
-- 8) Display all records of student table
SELECT * FROM student;
-- 9) String functions (examples)
SELECT UPPER(name) AS upper_name, LOWER(name) AS lower_name,
LENGTH(name) AS name_length,
SUBSTRING(name, 1, 3) AS first_three,
CONCAT(name, ' - Grade A') AS concat_example,
TRIM(' hello ') AS trimmed;
-- 10) Date and Time functions (examples; MySQL/MariaDB syntax)
SELECT CURDATE() AS today, NOW() AS current_datetime,
YEAR(NOW()) AS year_now, MONTH(NOW()) AS month_now, DAY(NOW()) AS day_now,
DATEDIFF('2025-12-31', CURDATE()) AS days_until_2025_end;
