==========================
Class 12 IP Practical File
==========================
Author: ChatGPT
---------------------------------
SECTION A: PYTHON SOLUTIONS
---------------------------------
"""
Class 12 Informatics Practices — Practical Solutions (Python + Pandas + NumPy +
Matplotlib)
Author: ChatGPT
Python 3.x
"""
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# ---------- 1) Create a pandas Series from a dictionary of values and a Nd array
----------
def series_from_dict_and_ndarray():
d = {"a": 10, "b": 20, "c": 30}
s_dict = pd.Series(d, name="from_dict")
arr = np.array([100, 200, 300, 400])
s_arr = pd.Series(arr, index=list("wxyz"), name="from_ndarray")
return s_dict, s_arr
# ---------- 2) Create a Series using list ----------
def series_from_list():
data = [5, 9, 2, 7, 1]
s = pd.Series(data, index=list("abcde"), name="from_list")
return s
# ---------- 3) Creating a Series: Empty, Scalar and NumPy array ----------
def series_empty_scalar_numpy():
s_empty = pd.Series(dtype="float64", name="empty_series")
s_scalar = pd.Series(7, index=list("abcd"), name="scalar_series")
s_numpy = pd.Series(np.arange(1, 6), name="numpy_series")
return s_empty, s_scalar, s_numpy
# ---------- 4) Quarterly sales DataFrame and total expenditure per category
----------
def quarterly_sales_groupby():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Category": ["Grocery", "Grocery", "Electronics", "Electronics",
"Stationery", "Grocery"],
"Item": ["Rice", "Pulses", "Headphones", "Mouse", "Pen", "Oil"],
"Expenditure": [1200, 800, 2500, 900, 300, 700],
"Quarter": ["Q1", "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4", "Q2"]
})
total_by_cat = df.groupby("Category", as_index=False)
["Expenditure"].sum().rename(columns={"Expenditure": "TotalExpenditure"})
return df, total_by_cat
# ---------- 5) Exam result DataFrame, show index/columns/dtypes/dimensions
----------
def exam_result_info():
exam_df = pd.DataFrame({
"RollNo": [1, 2, 3, 4],
"Name": ["Asha", "Brij", "Charu", "Deep"],
"Maths": [88, 76, 93, 67],
"Physics": [81, 69, 85, 72],
"Chemistry": [90, 74, 84, 70]
}).set_index("RollNo")
info = {
"row_labels": exam_df.index.tolist(),
"column_labels": exam_df.columns.tolist(),
"dtypes": exam_df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict(),
"dimensions": exam_df.shape
}
return exam_df, info
# ---------- 6) Filter out duplicate rows ----------
def filter_duplicate_rows():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Name": ["A", "B", "A", "C", "B"],
"Marks": [90, 85, 90, 78, 85]
})
unique_df = df.drop_duplicates()
return df, unique_df
# ---------- 7) Importing/Exporting CSV ----------
def import_export_csv(path="/mnt/data/sample.csv"):
df = pd.DataFrame({"id":[1,2,3], "name":["Riya","Ishan","Tara"], "score":
[91,85,88]})
df.to_csv(path, index=False)
loaded = pd.read_csv(path)
return df, loaded
# ---------- 8) Iterate over DataFrame of names/marks and add grade column
----------
def add_grades():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Name":["Asha","Brij","Charu","Deep","Esha"],
"Marks":[95, 81, 67, 54, 39]
})
def grade(m):
if m >= 90: return "A+"
if m >= 80: return "A"
if m >= 70: return "B"
if m >= 60: return "C"
if m >= 50: return "D"
return "F"
df["Grade"] = df["Marks"].apply(grade)
return df
# ---------- 9) School result analysis: subjectwise/classwise ----------
def school_result_analysis():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Class":["X","X","X","XI","XI","XI"],
"Student":["Asha","Brij","Charu","Deep","Esha","Firoz"],
"Maths":[88, 72, 91, 67, 83, 75],
"Science":[90, 69, 86, 70, 88, 78],
"English":[85, 74, 92, 73, 81, 80]
})
# Subject-wise mean
subjectwise_mean =
df[["Maths","Science","English"]].mean().to_frame("Average").T
# Class-wise average per subject
classwise = df.groupby("Class")[["Maths","Science","English"]].mean()
toppers =
df.assign(Total=df[["Maths","Science","English"]].sum(axis=1)).nlargest(3, "Total")
[["Student","Class","Total"]]
return df, subjectwise_mean, classwise, toppers
# ---------- 10) Create DataFrame and plot chart with title and legend ----------
def analysis_plot_example(show=False):
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Month":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May"],
"Sales_A":[120, 150, 130, 160, 180],
"Sales_B":[100, 140, 120, 155, 175]
})
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.plot(df["Month"], df["Sales_A"], label="Product A")
plt.plot(df["Month"], df["Sales_B"], label="Product B")
plt.title("Monthly Sales Comparison")
plt.xlabel("Month")
plt.ylabel("Sales (Units)")
plt.legend()
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/monthly_sales_line.png")
return df
# ---------- 11) Simple line chart: growth of a plant over 5 days ----------
def plant_growth_chart(show=False):
days = [1,2,3,4,5]
height_cm = [2, 3.5, 5, 7.2, 9]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.plot(days, height_cm, marker="o")
plt.title("Plant Growth Over 5 Days")
plt.xlabel("Day")
plt.ylabel("Height (cm)")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/plant_growth.png")
return days, height_cm
# ---------- 12) Bar chart: marks in 5 subjects ----------
def bar_chart_marks(show=False):
subjects = ["Maths","Science","English","Hindi","CS"]
marks = [88, 92, 81, 76, 95]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.bar(subjects, marks)
plt.title("Marks in 5 Subjects")
plt.xlabel("Subject")
plt.ylabel("Marks")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/marks_bar.png")
return subjects, marks
# ---------- 13) Horizontal bar chart: students in different streams ----------
def hbar_streams(show=False):
streams = ["Science","Commerce","Arts"]
counts = [120, 85, 60]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.barh(streams, counts)
plt.title("Students per Stream")
plt.xlabel("Number of Students")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/streams_hbar.png")
return streams, counts
# ---------- 14) Pie chart: percentage of time spent by a student in a day
----------
def pie_time_spent(show=False):
activities = ["Sleep","School","Study","Play","Other"]
hours = [8, 6, 3, 3, 4]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.pie(hours, labels=activities, autopct="%1.1f%%", startangle=90)
plt.title("Daily Time Distribution")
plt.axis("equal")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/time_pie.png")
return activities, hours
# ---------- 15) Bar chart for population of five cities using custom colors
----------
def bar_population_custom_colors(show=False):
cities = ["Delhi","Mumbai","Kolkata","Chennai","Bengaluru"]
population = [19, 20, 14, 11, 12] # in millions (example)
colors = ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#2ca02c", "#d62728", "#9467bd"]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.bar(cities, population, color=colors)
plt.title("Population of Five Cities")
plt.xlabel("City")
plt.ylabel("Population (Millions)")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/population_custom_colors.png")
return cities, population
# ---------- 16) Pie chart favourite fruits with explode and shadow ----------
def pie_favourite_fruits(show=False):
fruits = ["Mango","Apple","Banana","Grapes"]
votes = [50, 30, 15, 5]
explode = [0.1, 0, 0, 0]
if show:
plt.figure()
plt.pie(votes, labels=fruits, explode=explode, shadow=True, autopct="%1.0f%
%")
plt.title("Favourite Fruits")
plt.axis("equal")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("/mnt/data/fruits_pie.png")
return fruits, votes
# ---------- 17) Concatenating two 2D arrays using single array ----------
def concatenate_two_2d_arrays():
a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])
concatenated = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=0) # vertical
return a, b, concatenated
# ---------- 18) Sort the data in DataFrame ----------
def sort_dataframe():
df = pd.DataFrame({
"Name":["Isha","Aman","Neel","Bela"],
"Marks":[85, 92, 78, 88]
})
sorted_by_name = df.sort_values(by="Name")
sorted_by_marks_desc = df.sort_values(by="Marks", ascending=False)
return df, sorted_by_name, sorted_by_marks_desc
# ---------- 19) Write in csv 'stud.csv' and display the content ----------
def write_and_read_stud_csv(path="/mnt/data/stud.csv"):
stud = pd.DataFrame({
"RollNo":[101,102,103],
"Name":["Anil","Beena","Chetan"],
"Marks":[86,91,77]
})
stud.to_csv(path, index=False)
read_back = pd.read_csv(path)
return stud, read_back
# ---------- 20) Binary operations on DataFrames ----------
def binary_operations_on_dataframes():
df1 = pd.DataFrame({"A":[1,2,3], "B":[4,5,6]})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({"A":[10,20,30], "B":[40,50,60]})
add = df1.add(df2, fill_value=0)
sub = df2.sub(df1, fill_value=0)
mul = df1.mul(df2, fill_value=1)
return df1, df2, add, sub, mul
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Run a few demonstrations and save charts
_, _ = analysis_plot_example(show=True)
_ = plant_growth_chart(show=True)
_ = bar_chart_marks(show=True)
_ = hbar_streams(show=True)
_ = pie_time_spent(show=True)
_ = bar_population_custom_colors(show=True)
_ = pie_favourite_fruits(show=True)
---------------------------------
SECTION B: SQL SOLUTIONS
---------------------------------
-- Class 12 IP — SQL Solutions
-- 1) Create a student table with id, name, marks (id as PRIMARY KEY)
CREATE TABLE student (
student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
marks INT CHECK (marks >= 0 AND marks <= 100)
);
-- 2) Insert the details of a new student
INSERT INTO student (student_id, name, marks) VALUES (1, 'Asha', 92);
-- 3) Delete the details of a student
DELETE FROM student WHERE student_id = 1;
-- 4) Select students with marks more than 80
SELECT student_id, name, marks FROM student WHERE marks > 80;
-- 5) Find min, max, sum, average of marks
SELECT MIN(marks) AS min_marks, MAX(marks) AS max_marks,
SUM(marks) AS total_marks, AVG(marks) AS avg_marks
FROM student;
-- 6) Total number of customers from each country (customer_id, customer_name,
country)
-- Table: customers(customer_id INT, customer_name VARCHAR(50), country
VARCHAR(50))
SELECT country, COUNT(*) AS total_customers
FROM customers
GROUP BY country;
-- 7) Order (student_id, marks) table in descending order of marks
SELECT student_id, marks FROM student ORDER BY marks DESC;
-- 8) Display all records of student table
SELECT * FROM student;
-- 9) String functions (examples)
SELECT UPPER(name) AS upper_name, LOWER(name) AS lower_name,
LENGTH(name) AS name_length,
SUBSTRING(name, 1, 3) AS first_three,
CONCAT(name, ' - Grade A') AS concat_example,
TRIM(' hello ') AS trimmed;
-- 10) Date and Time functions (examples; MySQL/MariaDB syntax)
SELECT CURDATE() AS today, NOW() AS current_datetime,
YEAR(NOW()) AS year_now, MONTH(NOW()) AS month_now, DAY(NOW()) AS day_now,
DATEDIFF('2025-12-31', CURDATE()) AS days_until_2025_end;
