PRIMARY FIVE INTERGRATED SCIENCE LESSON FOR TERM ONE 2023

THEME: SCIENCE IN HUMAN ACTIVITY AND OCCUPATION

TOPIC: POULTRY KEEPING AND BEES
Listen and write
Poultry
Fowl
Domestic
Poultry
Poultry are domestic birds .they are also referred to as fowls
What is poultry keeping?
Poultry keeping is the rearing of domestic birds
Types of poultry (examples)
Chicken/hen-cock
Turkey
Dove
Pigeon
Guineans
Fowl
Ducks
Activity
I. What are domestic birds?
II. What is poultry?
III. Mention any two examples of poultry?
IV. Why are turkey called a domestic bird?

Listen and write

Chicken
Pullet
Incubator
Terms used in poultry
Term Meaning
Cockerel A young cock
capon A castrated cock
pullet A young hen
incubation The process of hatching an egg into a chick
chick A young chicken
incubator A machine used to hatch eggs into chicks

Importance of keeping poultry

They provide eggs
Provide meat
Their feathers are used for decorations
People sell them and get money
Their droppings are as manure.
Some people rear poultry for pleasure
Their feature are used to make jackets and coats
Activity
1. List at least two importance’s of poultry keeping?
2. Give the meaning of the following terms
I. Capon
II. pullet

Listen and write

Claws
Nostril
Beak
External parts of a domestic fowl
DIAGRAMS

Importance of each parts

PARTS IMPORTANCES
Beak It is used for picking food to be eaten
It is also used for defence and fighting
Eyes Used for sight
Nostril Used for smelling and breathing
Wings Used for flying
Legs Used for walking
Claws Used for fighting
Ear lobe Used to protect ears which are for hearing
Spurs For fighting
Comb Shows the different between a cock and a hen
Use of feathers to birds
They cover bird’s body and keep them warm
They enable the birds to fly
They give the birds colors for identification
Activities
Mention two uses of feathers to birds?
Give the importance’s of birds at home?
How do claws helpful to a bird?

Listen and write

Difference
Comb
Spurs
Differences between the external features of the hen and those of a cock
Hen Cock
It has a small comb It has a bigger comb
It has a lighter comb It has a stronger comb in colour
It has a short and dull It has thick and long brightly
Coloured feather Coloured feather
It has smaller wattle It has a bigger wattle
It has smaller spur It has a bigger spur

Activities
Give the difference between the external features of a hen and those of a cock?
Listen and write
Dual purpose
Layers
Eggs
New Hampshire red
Type of chicken
A type of a chicken is a class of birds kept for special purposes
These are:
Broilers
Layers
Dual purpose
Broilers
These are types of chicken kept for meat production
Examples
Rhode island red
Eight Sussex
New Hampshire red
Layers
These are types of chicken kept for egg production
Examples:
White leghom
Ancona
The brown egger
Dual purpose
Dual purpose are kept for both meat and egg production
Examples
Black australorp
Activity
Name two types of chicken?
List three examples of layers?
Listen and write
Breeds
Exotic breeds
Slowly
Resistant
Breeds chicken
A breed of a bird
This is a group of birds with similar characteristics
Types of breeds
Local breeds
Exotic breeds
Cross breeds
Exotic breeds
Cross breeds
Local breeds
These are breeds that were originally found in Uganda
Characteristics of local breeds
They grow slowly
They are resistant to diseases and parasites
They lay small eggs
They have different colours
Activity
List three types of breeds
What are local breeds
Give four characteristics of local breeds
Listen and write
Country
Imported
Produces
Exotic breeds
These are breeds of chicken that were imported from outside the country
Example
Anconer, Plymouth, rock, whiteleghom, light Sussex
They have same colors
Characteristics of exotic breeds
They have same colour.
They grow fast
They produce many eggs
Advantages of exotic breeds
They grow fast
The lay many eggs
Disadvantages of exotic breeds
They are expensive to maintain
They are not resistant to diseases
Activity.
What are exotic breeds?
Give two examples of exotic breeds?
List three characteristics of exotic breeds
Listen and write
Cross breeds
Cheap
Resistant
Cross breeds
These are birds which are got from mating an exotic breed with local breed
Characteristics of cross breeds
They grow faster than local breeds
They are more resistant to diseases compared to the exotic breeds
They are cheap to maintain than the exotic breed

Advantages of cross breeding

It improves on the quality of the local breed
Activity
What are cross breeds?
List two characteristics of cross breeds.
Give at least one advantage of cross breeding.
Listen and write
Local breeds /exotic breeds
Faster
Attention
Difference between local and exotic breeds
Local breeds Exotic breeds
They are resistant to diseases and parasites They are not resistance to disease and
parasite
They grow slowly They grow faster
They lay small eggs They lay big eggs
They need less care and attention They need much care and attention
Activity
Give the difference between the local breed and exotic breeds?
Listen and write
Deep litter
Fold
System
Systems of keeping poultry
Free range systems
Deep litter systems
Battery/cage systems
Fold /open systems
Free range system:
This is where birds are allowed to move in an open area looking for their own food
Advantages of free range system:
Birds get enough exercises
Vices are not maintained
It is cheap to maintain
Birds eat a balanced diet
Disadvantages of free range system:
A lot of land is required
Birds can be easily stolen
Birds destroy crops
Activity
Name two systems of keeping poultry
What is free range systems?
Listen and write
Deep
Litter
Husks
Perch
Deep litter systems
This is the system where birds are kept inside the house
It is the most common system of keeping birds on the large scale.
Birds are kept for commercial purposes
Materials used as litters
Wood shaving, coffee husks, saw dust

Items found in a deep litter house:

Items uses
Perches For birds to rest above
Laying nest For layers to lay eggs
Feeding troughs For placing in feeds(mash)
Water For birds to drink water from
Litter It keeps the deep litter house warm

Advantages of deep litter systems:

It is easy to collect eggs
Many birds can be kept with in a small space
Birds are kept and protected from wild animals
It is easy to keep records for the eggs production
It is suitable for commercial forming.
Activity
What is deep litter system
List two materials used as litters
Listen and write
Cage
Birds
Manure
Battery/cage systems
This is an intensive system of keeping birds where birds are kept indoors in wire cages
Advantages of battery /cage systems
Birds are kept away from wild animals
Food and water are not easily contaminated
Poultry vices can easily be controlled
Culling can be done easily
Birds are easy to manage
Birds are easy to identify
Farmers can collect manure easily
Disadvantages of battery or cage systems
Birds do not get enough exercise
It needs a skilled person took after the birds
Birds may not get enough balanced diet
Activity
Give two advantages of battery /cage systems
Listen and write
Fold
Structure
Movement
The fold /open systems
This si the system where birds are kept in the movable house called pens
The structure of a pen
Diagrams missing

Advantage of fold/open system:

Birds are restricted in movement
It reduces chances of worm and parasites infection
It reduces feeding costs
Manure is easily collected
Birds get sunlight and vitamins easily
Disadvantages of fold /open systems
It is expensive to construct
It needs a lot of labour
Birds do not get enough exercises
Folds get old in a short time
More land is needed
It is sustainable for commercial farming only
Activity
What is fold /open systems
Mention three advantages of fold/open systems
Listen and write
Broilers
Layers
Feeds
Mash
Poultry management practices:
Feeding
The table below shows how birds are fed to different stages
a)layers
Age of birds level Type of feeds
0-8weeks chicks Chick mash/starters mash
12weeks-laying time Growers Growers mash
16 weeks-1 year Layers Layers mash
After 1 year/1yr and 6mnth Off-layer Broilers mash

b) Broilers
0-2weeks Broiler chicks Chick mash
2-3weeks Broiler chicks Starter mash
3-8weeks Broilers Broilers mash

Reasons for feeding chicken.

To grow well
To lay many eggs in layers
To keep their bodies health
To form muscles and fats in broilers
Feeding trough
Diagram missing
It is where birds feed from
Water trough
Diagram missing

It is where water for birds are put

Activity
Give two reasons why people feed their chicken?
Listen and write
Culling
Parasites
Dosing
Other poultry practices
Culling : it is the separating of sick and unperceptive birds from a flock
De-worming : This is the act of use of chemical to kill internal parasites
Forms of de-worming
Drenching – it is an act of give a liquid medicine to a bird to control internal parasites
Dosing : giving of solid medicines to birds to control internal parasites
Record keeping
This is the keeping of written information on varieties of activities carried out in a farm
Types of records kept
Flock records/health records/production records
Importance of keeping records
It helps to plan for farms
It helps to know income and expenditure
It help in decision making
Activity
Give two type of records kept in a farm?
Listen and write
Membranes
Egg shell
York
Reproduction in birds
They undergo internal fertilization
Parts of an egg:
Diagram missing here

Function of parts:
Parts Functions
Egg shell It protects the inner parts
It allows gaseous exchange this is because the egg shell is porous
Germinal disc It grows into chick
Chalaza Holds the york and embryo in position
Air space Provide oxygen to the embryo
Albumen or egg Is a source of protein to embryo
white It also take out carbon dioxide which is given off by the embryo

Activity
What is the function of chalaza on the egg?
Listen and write
Incubation
Condition
Labour
Incubation
This is a process of providing a fertilized egg with necessary heat to enable it hatch into chicks
The incubation period in chicken is 21 days
Types of incubation
Natural incubation
Artificial incubation
Natural incubation
This is where a mother bird lay the egg and sits on them to hatch into chicks
Conditions necessary in natural incubation
A place with dim light
Protection of hens from rats
Good dry nest
Keep shelter from wind
Advantages of natural incubation
It is cheap
Eggs are turned by the mother
No labour is needed
Chicks get extra care from the mother
Little time is needed to the incubating hen
Disadvantages of natural incubation
The chick are hatch at a time
The broody hen can easily by attact by rats
Not used for commercial purposes
Activity
What is incubation?
Give two types of incubation
List conditions necessary in natural incubation
Listen and write
Artificial incubation

Artificial incubation
This is where a machine is used to hatch eggs
The machine is called incubator
After 18 days a farmer may use a machine called candles to check wheaher the eggs have
embryos
This is called candling
Structure of an incubator
Diagram missing
Advantages of artificial incubation
Very many eggs can be hatched at a time
Artificial incubation can be used for commercial purposes
Disadvantages of artificial incubation
It is expensive to manage
It needs special care and attention
There must be someone always ready to supervise
Activity
Give two advantages of artificial incubation?
Listen and write
Brooding
Chicks
Brooders
Brooding chicks
This is the giving of special care to chicks
What is a brooder?
A brooder is a structure where chickens are given special care from.
Types of brooding
Natural brooding
Artificial brooding
Natural brooding
This is where a hen takes care of her chicks.
Advantages of natural brooding
The hen looks for food for chicks
The hen provide security for the chicks
It is cheap
You are not bothered by a brooder
Disadvantages of natural brooding
Poor protection of chicks
It can not be done on large scale
It gives little profits
Activity
What is brooding chicks?
Mention two types of brooding
Listen and write
Kerosene
Infrated
Commercial
Predators
Artificial brooding
This is a method where chicks are kept in special structure called brooders
Types of brooders
Kerosene brooders
Infra red lamps brooders
Advantages of artificial brooding
Many chicks are kept at age
Chicks are protected from predators
It is easy to feed chicks in one place
It can be used for commercial purposes
Disadvantages of artificial brooding
It is expensive to start and maintain
Chicks can die if there is not enough warmth
Chicks need much attention
Activity
What is artificial brooding?
Give two types of brooders.
Listen and write
Cannibalism
Protein
Vices
Vices of poultry
What is poultry vices?
Poultry vices are bad habits in domestic birds kept indoors.
Examples of poultry vices
Cannibalism
Egg eating
Feather pecking
Cannibalism
It is the act where birds eat the flesh of other birds
Causes of cannibalism
When the birds a bored
Lack of protein in the diet
Over crowding
Control
Providing room for exercises by hanging enough green vegetables in poultry house
Regular feeding of birds
Providing enough space for birds
Avoiding overstocking
Feather and toe-pecking
Birds pluck off feathers from birds and peck the toes of other birds
Causes
Overcrowding
Lack of vitamins in the mash can cause vices in poultry
Control
Providing enough space for the birds
Activity
What is cannibalism?
What are poultry vices /?
What causes cannibalism?
How can cannibalism be controlled?
Listen and write
Egg eating
Inadequate
Nesting
Egg eating
This is an act where birds eat their eggs
It is commonly found in layers
The birds breaks the eggs with its beak and eats its contents
Causes of egg eating
Hunger resulting from irregular or inadequate feeding.
Boredom due to lack of enough exercise green grass to peck or eat
Too much light in the nesting area
Lack of enough calcium in their bodies
Failure of farmers to collect the eggs from the poultry house regularly
Presence of broken eggs in the poultry house
Shoutage of drinking water in the poultry house
Control of egg eating
De-beak the birds
De-beaking is the cutting short the upper part of the beak of the hen
Hanging green vegetables on raised positions
Nesting place should be keep dark
Provide feeds which contains calcium
Collect eggs regularly
Turn and change the litter regularly
Activity
What is egg eating?
Give two cause of egg eating?
Listen and write
Parasites
Organism
Shelter
Poultry diseases ,their prevention and treatment
Parasites
This si then living organism that depends on their living organism for food and shelter
Types of poultry parasites
Internal (endo)parasites
External(exo) parasites
Internal (endo) parasites
These are parasites which live inside the bodies of the living organisms
Examples
Hook warms
Tape warms
Round warms
External (exo) parasites
These are parasites which live on the outside part of a living organism
Examples
Lices
Fleas
Mites
Effects of parasites on the birds
They cause itching on birds
They make birds loose their feather
They make birds ill
Control of poultry parasites
De-warming
Spraying
Regular vaccination
Activity
What are parasites?
Give two types of poultry parasites?
Listen and write.
Diseases.
Droppings
Fowl typhoid.
Poultry diseases.
Diseases Signs and symptoms. Prevention and treatment.
Pneumonia.  Coughing.  Keep the house clean.
This is caused by bacteria and  Mucus comes out of  Make the house well
virus. It attacks the lungs. the nose. ventilated.
 Dullness.  Separate diseased
 Difficulties in birds from healthy
breathing. ones
 Treat early with
antibiotics.

Coccidiosis  Diarrhea.  Keep poultry house

It is caused by protozoa.  Droppings with blood. clean and dry.
It attacks the alimentary  Rough feathers.  Make the house well
system.  Dullness. ventilated.
 Dropping wings.  Separate diseased
birds from healthy
ones.
  Treat early with
antibiotics.

Fowl typhoid.  Yellowish green  Burn or bury dead

diarrhea. birds.
It us caused by a bacteria  Rough feathers  Separate infected
called salmonella.  Sleepy eyes. birds from healthy
 Dullness in birds. ones.
Symptom  Improve cleanliness.
 Loss of appetite.  Vaccinate birds at 5
weeks and at 4
months.

Newcastle.  Mucus from mouth  Keep the house clean.

and nose.  Vaccine 4 days, 4
It is caused by virus  Coughing. weeks, 14months
 Lameness. after every 6 months.
 Diarrhea.  Kill and burry infected
 Difficulties in birds.
breathing.  There is no specific
treatment for this.
Fowl pox.  Discharge of fluids  Regular vaccination.
It is caused by virus from eyes and nostril.  Practice good
 Tiny wounds on the hygiene.
comb, Wattle, wings  Kill all the sick birds.
and mouth.  Add antibiotics
 Eyes get sleepy and vitamins to their
stud. drinking water.
 Difficulties in
breathing.
Symptoms
 General body
weakness.
Gumboro diseases. Signs.  Separating infected
It is caused by virus  Dropping wings. birds from healthy
 Diarrhea with blood ones.
stain.  Vaccinate with
 Rough feathers. Gumboro vaccine at 2
 Birds peck their feet weeks and 4 weeks.
Symptoms.  No treatment.
 Loss of appetite.  Burn or bury dead
birds.
Activity.

Listen and write.

Bee keeping.
Drone.
Workers
Bee keeping.
The practice of keeping bee for honey is called apiculture.
Bees are social insects. Social insects live, work and move together in a large group called
colony.
Types of bees.
Queen.
Drone.
Worker.
The queen bee.
The queen is a female bee which lay eggs. It is largest bee in the colony. There is only one
queen in a hive.
The drone bee.
The work of a drone is to fertilize the eggs of a queen bee,
The drone mates with the queen once and then dies.
A drone is broader than a worker bee but shorter than a queen.
The worker.
Workers are the sterile female bee in a hive. They make the greatest number in the colony.
Duties of a worker bee.
They build and repair the hive.
They build combs where honey and larva are kept.
They defend the hive.
They feed the brood, drone and queen.
They make honey.
They produce wax.
Activity.
1. List two types of bees.
2. What is the use of a worker bee?

Listen and write.

Swarming
A swarm.
Drought.
Swarming
This is the movement of bees from one place to another. A swarm is a large group of bees.
Reasons and conditions for swarming.
Drought
Overcrowding in a hive.
Bad smell around the hive.
Dampness.
When the hive is leaking or damaged.
Noise.
Strong wind.
Birth of a new queen.
Death of a queen bee.
Control of swarming.
Slashing tall grasses around the hive.
Planting flowering plants around the hive.
Protecting the bees from direct sunlight.
Enemies of bees.
Birds, hive, beetles, wasps, and hawk worms, wax moths, ants, honey badgers.
Activity
1. What is swarming?
2. What is a swarm?
3. How can swarming be controlled?

Listen and write

Honey
Candle
Pollen.
Encourage.
Attract.
Sweeten.
Provide.
Tour/trousim.
Alcohol.
Income.
Preserve.
Importance of bees to people.
Bees provide honey to people.
Bees attract tourists.
Source of income after selling honey.
Source of jobs.
For study purposes.
Products got from bees.
Honey.
Bee wax.
Probolis.
Pollen.
 Importance of honey.
Source of energy when eaten.
It sweetens food.
Source of income after selling.
Used in making alcohol.

Products from bees wax.

Candles
Cosmetics.
Shoe polish.

Activity
1. Give 3 products got from bees.

Listen and write.

Adult.
Larva.
Pupa
Cycle.
The life cycle of a honey bee.
Activity
1. Draw and name a lifecycle of a honey bee.

Listen and write.

Harvesting.
Chamber.
Filter.
Wax.
Bee veil.
Gumboots.
Honey harvesting
This is the removal of honey from the chamber in the hive.
Materials needed during honey harvesting.
Knife, gumboots, clean buckets, a smoker, bee veil, bee keeper groves.
Methods of honey harvesting.
Floating the wax method.
Pressing honey method.
Centrifuging method.
Factors considered when extracting honey.
Things to be used should be clean.
Filtering using clean cloth or filter.
Activity.
1. What is honey harvesting?
2. List two materials needed in honey harvesting.

Listen and write.

Bee hives.
Kigezi.
Bee hives.
A hive is a home of bees.
Types of bee hives.
Traditional bee hives.
Modern bee hives.
Traditional bee hive.
These are bee hives that are made using local materials.
Examples.
Kigezi.
Dug out log hive.
Tin hive.
Kigezi.
These are made from wood using reeds and soil mixed with cow dung.
Structure.
Activity.
1. What is a bee hive?
2. Give two examples of traditional bee hive.

Listen and write.

Modern
Wooden
Box hive.
A modern bee hive.
Modern bee hives include top bar hive and wooden box hive.
Examples of modern bee hives.
Box hive.
Top bar hive.
Parts of a modern bee hive.
1. Queen excluder.
It prevents the queen from going to the honey chamber.
2. The holes.
These are meant to allow only the worker bees which have to prepare honey.
3. Honey chamber.
It is where honey is stored.
4. Brood chamber.
It where the queen lays her eggs.
Box hive top bar hive.

Advantages of a modern beehive.

Each bar can be removed safety while harvesting the honey or wax. Bees build the honey
combs on each wooden bar.
The combs containing honey can be removed without damaging the brood nest.
The colony develop undisturbed,
Honey and wax can be inspected easily.
The modern bee hive is more long lasting compared to the traditional bee hive.
The honey harvested is cleaner and does not contain any larvae.
Disadvantages of modern bee hives.
They are expensive to buy.
Materials used to construct it are very expensive.
Activity.
1. List two examples of modern bee hive.
Listen and write.
Farmer.
Employment.
Product.
Drought.
Bee keeping as a business.
Bee keeping is important business in the following ways.
It provides self-employment.
It require less labor.
Farmers get double income from honey and crops since one is able to get time for crop farming
as well.
Bee hives are hanged above the ground on trees and the land underneath is used for crop
growing.
The bee wax is used to make products like candles, shoe polish, floor polish, cosmetics and
glue.
Challenges facing bee farmers.
Low market prices.
Limited skilled labor
Drought that affect the bees.
Solutions
Government should create and increase the prices of honey.
More people should be trained.

Activity.
1. Give two problems faced by bee farmers.
2. What are the challengers faced by many bee keepers in Uganda.
THEME: MATTER AND ENERGY
TOPIC: MEASUREMENT.
Listen and write
Mass
Weight
Quantities
Measurable
Determining
Measuring is the act of determining the size, length, capacity and area of an object.
Examples of measurable Quantities.
Water, salt, milk, Sugar, beers etc.
Measurable quantities
Mass, weight, and distance.

Common instruments that can help in measurement.

Rulers
Ropes.
Tape measure.
Balances.
Measuring cylinders.
SI units for different measures.
Mass – grams
Weight - newton.
Volume – cubic units.
Activity
1. What is meant by the term measuring?
2. Give two examples of measurable units.

Listen and write

Mass
Weight
Newton
Mass and weight
Mass is the quantity of matter contained in an object. Its SI unit is grams/grammes.
It does not change when measured in different places.
Machines to measure mass.
Beam balance.
Scale balance.
Compression spring balance.
Weight.
This is the force of gravity acting upon matter. Its SI unit is Newton.
It changes when measured in different places. It is measured by spring balance.
Differences between weight and mass.
mass weight
It is measured in grams It is measured in newton
Amount of matter contained in an Weight changes when measured in
object different places

Listen and write

Volume
Size
Cubic.
Volume
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object. Its SI unit is cubic units (cm 3, m3, etc.).
Volume of regular objects.
Regular objects are objects with definite shape and size.
Methods for finding volumes of regular objects.
- Computation or calculation method.
- (L x W x H)
Examples of regular objects.
- Cube.
- Cylinder.
- Cuboid.
Examples
1. Calculate the volume of the figure below.

Volume = L x W x H

= 5cm x 2cm x 3cm

= 10cm x 3
= 30cm3

Activity
1. What is volume?
2. List two examples of regular examples.

Listen and write.

Volume.
Cylinder
Level.
Volume of irregular objects.
These are objects with no definite shape and sides. We can find their volume by using
displacement method.
When an object is completely dipped in water, some of the water gets displaced. The amount
of water which is displaced is equal to the volume of object in water. We can measure the
volume of the displaced water by using a measuring cylinder.
Finding the volume of irregular objects using a measuring cylinder.
1. Put some water in the measuring cylinder as shown in the diagram below.
2. Make the reading of the water level.
3. Tie the irregular object with a string and lower it carefully in a measuring cylinder.
4. Make the reading of the new level of water as well.

We can then find the volume of the displaced water by subtracting the first level of
water(original level) from the second level of water(final Water).
Therefore: final level – original level
Activity:

Listen and write.

Requirements
Capacity
Polythene.
Liquid.
Measuring capacity.
 Capacity is the amount of liquid any container cam hold. The basic unit of capacity is a litre.
1 litre = 1000ncubic centimeters (cm3 or cc)
Finding the capacity of the container.
Requirements.
- Polythene paper bag.
- Hard paper box.
- 1 litre of water.
What to do?
1. Make a cubic container with each side 10c from a hard paper box.

2. Insert a polythene paper inside the cuboid. The polythene is to prevent the liquid from
flowing and making the container wet.
3. Fill the polythene inside with 1 litre of water.
Activity.
1. What is measuring capacity?

Listen and write,

Density.
Mass.
Solutions.
Density
It is mass per unit volume.
mass(grams)
Density =
volume (cc)
Mass = (density x volume).
mass
Volume =
density

Examples
If an object has a mass of 40gm and volume of 20cc. calculate the density.
Solution.
mass
From Density =
volume
40 gm
=
20 cc
= 20gm/cc
Activity
1. What is density?
2. What is the formula for density?

Listen and write.

Sinking.
Float.
Density.
Floating and sinking.
Floating and sinking are caused by different densities.
Floating. This is when an object stays on top of a liquid or gas.
Examples of floating objects.
Cork, boat, dry wood, plastics, rubbers, feathers, leaves and sponges.
Why do objects float on water?
Because they are less dense than water.

Sinking.
This is when an object goes to the bottom of a liquid.
Examples of sinking objects.
Stones, soil, Metals etc.
Why do objects sink in water?
Because their density is greater than that of water,
Activity.
1. What is meant by the term floating?
2. List two examples of floating examples.

P.5 INTEGRATED SCIENCE LESSON NOTES TERM ONE.

THEME: SCIENCE IN HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND OCCUPATION
TOPIC: Growing Crops.
Listen and write.
Tubers
Swollen.
Carrots.
Examples of common root tubers.
Cassava.
Beet root
Carrots.
Stem tubers.
These are swollen under-ground stems that store food for plants.
Examples
Irish potatoes.

White yam.

Activity
1. Identify examples of :
a) Root tubers.
b) Stem tubers.
2. What is the difference between root tubers and stem tubers?
3. Which of the following crops is grown :-
 i) Irish potatoes.
ii) Cassava.
iii) Carrots.

Listen and write.

Pruning
Spraying.
Pests.
Patches.
Growing and caring for root tuber crops.
i) Sweet potatoes.
Sweet potatoes are propagated by means of stem cuttings or use of vines.
Care for sweet potatoes.
Weeding
Pruning.
Spraying.
Fencing.
Diseases and pest of sweet potatoes.
Diseases
Potato bright.
They are irregular brown thin dead patches on the leaves. It spreads fast in rainy season.
Pests.
Sweet potato weevil:
The adult weevil feeds directly on the leaves and the soft parts of the vines.
The larva bare hides into the tubers and stems making small tunnels.
Control of pests and diseases.
Plan clean vines.
Practice crop rotation.
Spray with pesticides to kill adult weevils.
Other pests of sweet potatoes.
- Butterflies.
- Moths.
- Rodents
- Wild pigs.
- Caterpillars.
- Goats.
- Cows etc.
Activity.
1. Define the following terms.
i) Weeding
ii) Pruning.
2. Why do we weed our crops at school?
3. How can we control the diseases that attack potatoes.

Listen and write.

Diseases
Pesticides.
Propagated.

Cassava.
Cassava can also do well in poor soils and low rainfall conditions. Cassava should be planted in
well prepared ridges or mounds.
It is propagated by stem cutting.
Diseases of cassava.
Cassava mosaic
It is caused by virus. It causes the yellowing of the leaves

Brown stalk.
It causes brown particles inside cassava tubers. It is caused by virus.

Pests of cassava plant

Green cassava mite.
Goats.
Sheep.
Cows.
Control of pests and diseases of cassava.
Plant materials free from pests and diseases.
Spray using pesticides.
Fence the cassava garden.

Activity.
1. How is cassava propagated?
2. In which type of soil does cassava grow?
3. Mention two diseases of cassava.
4. Identify the signs of diseases in cassava.

Listen and write.

Pests.
Rotation.
Attack.
Carrots and turnips.
Carrots and turnips grow well in cool climate.
They are good sources of vitamin A which is needed for eye sight.
Carrots and turnips need well drained light soils e.g. sandy and loam soil.
Carrots are propagated by planting seeds into the nursery bed and planted into a big main
garden.
Pests and diseases of Carrots and turnips.
Aphids.
This attacks the base of the shoot.
Nematodes.
These damage the roots causing swelling.
Control of Pests and diseases of Carrots and turnips.
Through crop rotation.
Spraying using pesticides to kill Aphids.
Planting healthy carrots and turnips.
Activity.
1. In which climate do carrots do well?
2. Which food value is got from eating carrot?
3. How do carrots propagate?
4. Mention two pests that destroy carrots.

Listen and write.

Aphids.
Monkeys.
Bacteria.
Growing and caring for stem tubers.
Irish potato growing.
They are propagated by planting the tubers.
They grow well in areas with regular rainfall.
Diseases of Irish potatoes.
Late bright.
Bacteria wilt. It destroys the Irish potato leaves and turns them pale yellow.
Pests of Irish potatoes.
Aphids.
Monkeys.
Eel worms.
Ways of controlling Pests and diseases of Irish potatoes.
Practicing crop rotation.
Plant resistant varieties of Irish potatoes.
Spray with pesticides.
Activity.
1. How do we control the pests and diseases that attack Irish potatoes?
2. How do Irish potatoes propagate?
3. State the importance of a bud on Irish potatoes.
4. Name the part of the Irish potato that we eat.

Listen and write.

Moles
Tubers.
Uprooting.
Yams growing.
They propagate by planting yam tubers.
They grow well in swampy areas.
Pests of yams.
Porcupines.
Moles.
Effects of pests and diseases on tuber crops.
They destroy leaves stopping food making in crops and reduces quantity of yields.
They barrow into tubers thus reducing the quantity of the tubes.
They make tubers rot and less resistant to weather.
Methods of controlling pests and diseases of tuber crops.
Uprooting and burning infected plants.
Spraying and dusting the crops with pesticides.
Practicing crop rotation.
Planting clean resistant varieties.
Use of other living organisms to feed on other (biological method)
Use of scare crows.
Fencing gardens.

Activity.
1. How do yams propagate?
2. Identify two pests that attack yams.
3. Mention two effects of pests and diseases on tuber crops.

Listen and write.

Handpicking.
Harvesting.
Cutting.
Harvesting.
This is the removal of ready crops from the garden.
Ways of harvesting crops.
Uprooting.
Cutting.
Digging.
Hand picking.
Plants harvested by uprooting.
Beans.
Soya beans.
Groundnuts.
Carrots.
Turnips.
Plants harvested by cutting.
Bananas
Millet.
Sorghum.
Trees.
Plants harvested by digging.
Cassava.
Irish potatoes.
Sweet potatoes.
Plants harvested by handpicking.
Coffee
Tea.
Dodo.
Processing and storage of tuber crops.
Cassava.
It is split into pieces, dried and kept dry to avoid rotting.
Sweet potatoes
They may be peeled and cooked for food.
They can also be dried and stored.
Carrots and turnips.
Should be uprooted using hands to avoid damages.
Activity.
1. What are pests?
2. How do you harvest bananas from your plantation?
3. Why do we put wet cassava on sunshine after peeling it?

SCIENCE ORIENTED CLUBS.

YOUNG FARMERS CLUB.
This is the duty of young girls and boys in and out of school who are interested in farming.
Young farmers grow crops and rare animals.
Functions of young farmers club.
They teach farmers modern farming methods.
They grow crops and sell them to get money.
They coordinate information from agricultural workers to farmers.
They teach people how to grow and care for crops.
Activity.
1. Define young farmers club.
2. Identify the functions of young farmers club.
3. Mention the aims of young farmers club.
THEME: SCIENCE IN HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND OCCUPATION.
TOPIC: keeping goats, pigs and sheep.
Listen and write.
Beard.
Muzzle.
Nostril.
Sheath.
The structure of the external parts of a goal.
External parts of a goat.
Activity.
1. Give the function of the following parts of a goat.
i) Ear
ii) Horn.
iii) Fore limbs.
2. Why do we keep goats at home?

Listen and write.

Breed
Leather.
Indigenous.
Hybrid.
Uses of goats.
They provide meat for both eating and selling.
They can be sold in order to get money.
Some good skin can be used to make leather.
Their droppings are a source of manure.
Some breeds of goats provide more hair like Angora goat.
Some people keep goats for cultural purposes like paying bride price for marriage.
Some people keep goats as a store for their wealth.
Some goats are kept for milk production.
Breeds of goats.
A breed is a group of animals with similar characteristic.
Examples of breeds of goats.
Local or indigenous breeds.
Exotic breeds.
Hybrids. (Cross breeds).
Local breeds.
These are breeds of goats mostly reared in Uganda. They have been in Uganda for many years.
Examples of local breeds;
Mubende goats.
Boar goat.
East African small goat.
Anglo-Nubian goat.
Galla goat.
Characteristics of local breeds.
They have different colors.
They grow and mature slowly.
They are more resistant to tropical diseases.
They can survive on poor pasture and little water.
They produce little milk, wool and their meat is hard.
Activity;
1. Define the term breed.
2. What are local breeds?
3. Mention three uses of goats to people.
4. Outline the breeds of goats.
5. What is the other name of local breed?

Listen and write.

Gestation period.
Kidding.
Lambing.
Silage.
Management of sheep and goat.
a) Breeding.
This is the process of obtaining an offspring from the parents. The ewe (female sheep) and
nanny (male sheep) are ready for mating at 12months. Their gestation period lasts for 150days
(5 months).
b) Gestation period ( pregnancy)
This is the period from mating to giving birth. The young one of a sheep is a lamb while that of a
goat is a kid.
The term used to describe giving birth in goats is kidding while in sheep is lambing.

c) Feeding/Grazing.

Goats and sheeps can feed on grass leaves, peelings, nappier grass, hay (dry grass) and silage
(fresh grass).

Activity.

1. What is breeding?
2. What is the other name for silage?
3. How do we call the young one of a ;
a) A sheep.
b) A goat.

Listen and write.

Flock.
Temporary.
Permanent.
Saanen goat.
Exotic breeds.
These are breeds of goats imported from outside countries.
Examples of exotic breeds.
Toggenburg goats.
Saanen goats.
Angora goats.
Characteristics of exotic breeds of goats.
They have specific labors.
They grow and mature faster.
They are less resistant to diseases.
They need good pasture and plenty of water to drink.
They produce a lot of milk wool and their meat is soft.
Housing and management of goats and sheep.
A group of goats or sheep is called flock
Goats and sheep must be provided shelter. These maybe temporary or permanent.
Permanent houses can be constructed using materials like cement. Stones and bricks.
Temporary houses can be constructed using materials like poles, reeds, grass and mud.
The houses where goats live should be swept daily to reduce the spread of disease causing
germs.
Activity.
1. What are exotic breeds?
2. List down three examples of exotic breeds.
3. Write out the characteristics of exotic breeds.
4. Write out two ways of managing goats and sheep.
Listen and write.
Shrubs
Balanced diet.
Stray.
Parasites.
Methods of grazing goats and sheep.
1. Free range system.
This is a method of grazing where the goats and sheep are allowed to move on their own on a
large piece of land eating grass and shrubs.
Advantages of free range system.
Animals get enough exercises.
It is cheap.
Animals get a balanced diet.
Disadvantages of free range system.
There is easy spread of diseases.
Animals can easily be stolen or attacked by wild animals.
Animals can easily stray and destroy crops.
It requires a big piece of land.
Activity.
1. Define the term free range system.
2. What are the advantages of free range system?
3. Give out three disadvantages of free range system.
Listen and write.
Zero grazing.
Physical.
Isolate.
Commercial.
Zero grazing
This is the system of grazing where animals are kept in well-constructed structures in which
feeds, water and treatment are provided.
Advantages of Zero grazing.
It is easy to collect manure.
Animals can easily get protected against many diseases.
Animals can easily get protected against harsh weather conditions.
Many animals can be easily kept on a small piece of land.
This method is easy to use for commercial purposes.
It is easy for a farmer to identify and isolate sick animals.
Disadvantages of Zero grazing.
It is expensive to start and manage.
It needs a lot of labor.
There is easily spread of diseases.
Animals do not get enough physical exercise.
Animals may not get balanced diet.
Activity.
1. What is zero grazing?
2. Give four advantages and disadvantages of zero grazing.
Listen and write.
Peg
Trunk.
Strangle.
Pasture.
Damage.
Manure.
Tethering method:
The structure of a tethered goat.
Tethering is carried out by tying the goat or sheep on a peg or tree stem.
Tethering is a method of grazing where by animals are tied with ropes to pegs or tree
truck.
Advantages of tethering method.
The farmer is able to choose the best pasture for animals.
Crops are not easily damaged by animals.
It reduces the spread of diseases.
It is easy to monitor animals.
Manure is evenly distributed.
It is easy as no fence is required.
Disadvantages of tethering method.
Animals are easily strangled (killed) by the rope.
Animals have limited exercise.
Animals eat only one type of grass.
Only few animals can be kept.
Animals can be easily stolen.
Animals can easily starve.
Activity.
1. What is tethering?
2. Give two reasons why most people in Uganda use the above method most.
3. What are the disadvantages of tethering?

Listen and write.

Tagging
Castration.
Trimming.
Notching.
Routine practices in goats and sheep rearing.

1. sheep shearing
This is the culture of clipping of wool from the sheep using a tool called a shear.
2. Docking
This is the cutting of the sheep tail short.
This helps mating to take place easily and keeps the sheep clean.
3. Hoof trimming.
This is the cutting off of over grown hooves using a hoof trimmer. This prevents foot rot
disease.
 4. Identification making.
This helps the farmer to identify his animals.
Examples are ear notching, ear tagging.
5. castration
This is cutting of the male sex organs called testes. It makes animals humble, avoid
unwanted pregnancies and prevents in breeding.
6. Deworming.
This is the giving of medicine to animals to kill intestinal parasites (worms).
7. Dipping and spraying.
This is the use of chemicals called an acaricides to kill external parasites.
Activity.
1. Define the following terms.
i) Castration.
ii) Hoof trimming.
iii) Deworming.
2. Why do most farmers castrate their animals?

Listen and write.

Mutton.
Tsetse flies.
Liver flukes.
Drenching.
Products from goats and sheep.
Goats sheep
 meat Meat(mutton)
skins Wool from merino sheep.
Wool/ no hair Manure from droppings
milk Skin that can be used to make leather shoes,
tents, belts, and bags.
Manure from droppings

Parasites of goats and sheep.

Parasites are living organisms that depend on other living organisms (hosts) for food and
shelter. Those parasites internal and external.
Examples of external parasites in goats and sheep include the following.
Ticks.
Tsetse flies.
Mites.
Examples of internal parasites include;
Worms like;
Tape worms.
Liver flukes.
A farmer can get rid of the worms in both goats and sheep by deworming. This can done in
two different ways;
a) Drenching.
This is the process of giving liquid medicine to animals through the mouth.
b) Dozing:
This is the giving of solid medicine to animals through the mouth.
Activity.
1. Define the following terms.
a) Parasites.
b) Drenching.
c) Dozing.
2. Mention any 3 products we get from:
a) Goats
b) Sheep
3. Give two examples of internal parasites.
Listen and write.
Foetus
Abortion.
Anaemia.
Sudden.
Diseases of goats and sheep.
Disease Causes Signs and symptoms Prevention or control
Food and Virus  Fever, dullness.  Vaccinate every 6
mouth  Loss of appetite. months
Diseases  Continuous salvation  Slaughter all the
in the mouth. affected animals
 Loss of milk  Quarantine restrictions
production where an outbreak
 Loss of weight. occurs.
 Lameness.
 Wounds on the
tongue.
Anthrax bacteria  High fever.  Vaccinate every 12
 Sudden death. months.
 Shivering.  Treat with antibiotics.
 Loss of appetite.  Burn or burry the
 Blood stained fasces. carcasses at least 3
meters deep
 Report to the
veterinary doctor
immediately.

Nagana. Protozoa.  Fever, dullness and  Control of tsetse flies

loss of appetite.  Treatment with drugs
 Anaemia and loss of by veterinary doctors.
weight.
 Running eyes that
may lead to blindness.
 Death may occur after
a short time.

Worm worms  Swollen stomach.  Deworming.

infestation  Diarrhea and loss of  Drenching.
 appetite.
Black quarter Bacteria  Dullness and  Early treatment with
shivering. antibiotics.
 High fever.  Vaccination should be
 Swollen muscle with done every year.
pain.  Disposal of the
 Loss of appetite. carcasses as in anthrax.

Lamb Bacteria  Dullness and sudden  Treat with antibiotics.

dysentery death in lamb.  The shed should be
 Staggering with cleaned regularly.
convulsions.  Avoid damp and wet
 Staring eyes. conditions.
Brucellosis. Bacteria  Abortion or death of  Culling and
Foetus. slaughtering sick
 Swollen testicles in animals.
ram.  Vaccination of the
young ones before
12months.

Nairobi Virus.  Blood stained  No treatment.

diseases. diarrhea.  Control of ticks.
 Difficulties in
breathing.
 High fever.

Mastitis( in Bacteria.  Milk is blood stained.  Treat early with

female  Swollen udder and antibiotics.
Attack the teats.  Clean the shelter of
udders).  Death can easily animals regularly.
occur.  Use the correct milking
 Milk production methods.
reduced.

Pneumonia. Bacteria or  Difficulty in breathing  Treat early cases with

virus. and coughing. antibiotics.
 Discharge from the  Provide enough water.
nose.
 Dull and sleepy.

Listen and write.

Indigenous.
Exotic.
Hybrid.
Breed.
Pig keeping.
Uses of pigs.
For meat (pork) that provides proteins and fats
For sale to get money.
For manure from the droppings.
Breeds of pigs.
There are three main breeds of pigs and these are;
1. Local/ indigenous breeds.
2. Exotic breeds.
3. Hybrids (cross) breeds.
Local breeds.
These are breeds that have existed in Uganda for a long period of time. The local breeds of pigs
can be improved by cross breeding.
Cross breeding is allowing a local pig to mate with an exotic pig
Examples of local breeds of pigs.
a) Black pigs.
b) Old spotted pigs.
Characteristics of local breeds of pigs.
They take long to mature.
They are usually small in size.
They are resistant to tropical diseases.
They produce poor quality of pork.
Activity.
1. What are the local breeds of pigs?
2. List three major breeds of pigs.
3. Write out 3 characteristics of local pigs.
Listen and write.
Hampshire.
Poland China.
Middle white.
Wessex.
Exotic breeds of pigs.
These are breeds of pigs imported from outside countries. They are mainly kept for commercial
purposes.
Characteristics of exotic breeds of pigs.
1. Large white.
It is white in color with erect ears.
2. Land race.
It is white in color and is usually narrow across the shoulder than large white with
dropping ears and large body.
3. Wessex saddle back.
Black with a white band over the shoulder.
It has white front foot and dropping ears.
4. Middle white.
It has a sharp, upturned nose. It is docile and good for pork production.
5. Hampshire.
It has erect ears and black body with a whitish band around the middle covering the
front legs.
6. Poland china
(Hybrid) it is as a result of numerous cross breeding. It ranks the highest in pork
production.
7. Large back.
It is entirely black hardy and docile.
Activity.
1. Define the term exotic breeds of pigs.
2. Why do farmers prefer keeping the above breeds of pigs?
3. Outline the characteristics of exotic breeds.

Listen and write.

Piggery.
Farrowing.
Piglet.
Sty.
Housing of pigs.
Housing is very important factor in piggery. The lives in a sty or shed.
Factors to consider when building house of pigs.
Use strong blocks or hard timber.
The floor should be cemented and made firm for easy cleaning.
The floor should be slanted to allow the urine drain easily.
The roof can either be made of grass or iron sheets and should not leak.
The sty or shed should be far away from the houses at home and other animals as they easily.
The sty should be wide enough to avoid overcrowding of pigs and piglets.
A sty should have farrowing and rearing pen where the sow should be put when producing her
piglets.
A sty should have separate water troughs and food troughs for proper disposal of food
materials.
A sty should be ventilated for gaseous exchange.
A sty should have guard rails to prevent the mother sow from hurting the young ones.
Activity
1. What is the use of a sty in pig keeping?
2. Define the following terms.
a) Farrowing.
b) Piglet.
c) Sow.
3) Write down any 4 factors considered when starting up pig keeping.
Listen and write.
Litter.
Steaming
Gilt.
Lard.
Management of pigs.
1. Raising pigs.
A female pig is called a sow.
A male pig is called a boar.
A young one of a pig is called a boar.
A group of piglets born together is called a litter.
A gestation period in a sow lasts 112-115 days (3months, 3 weeks and 3 days).
A well-managed saw is able to give birth twice a year.
The process of giving birth in pigs is called farrowing.
One week before the sow gives birth, it is moved to a special pen called a crate (farrowing pen).
The sow should be dewormed and steaming up carried out.
Steaming up is giving up of pregnant animal a special meal (reach in proteins) before delivering.
Gilt is a young female pig.
Pork is the meat of a pig.
Bacon is the smoked meat of a pig.
Lard is the fat obtained from pig.
Activity.
1. How do we call a male pig?
2. What is the gestation period of a pig?
3. Mention two things obtained from pigs.
4. What is a litter?
Listen and write.
Weaning.
Omnivores
Digestive.
Breast milk.
Creep feeds.
System of keeping pigs.
There are two main systems of keeping pigs namely;
Extensive system
Intensive system.
1. Extensive system.
This is where pigs are allowed to move on their own in a large area looking for food.
In this system, many pigs can be kept and it is cheaper to maintain.
2. Intensive system.
This is where pigs are kept in a confinement (sty) or shed and the feeds are provided for
them by the farmer.it is expensive to maintain.
Pigs are omnivores (they feed on both vegetables and meat)
Pigs need to be fed on a balanced diet and so some feeds like creep feeds, sow and weaves
meal finishes or fattener meals are also given to pigs.
Pigs do not eat a lot of grass because they have a simple digestive system.
Weaning.
It is the gradual introduction of semi-solid food to breast feeding animals other than breast milk
alone.
Listen and write.
External.
Parasites.
Deworming.
Disposal.
Common parasites of pigs.
External parasites are lice and fleas.
When a pig is suffering from worms.it becomes thin and anaemic.it passes out eggs or the
worms segment with faeces.
Round worms are controlled by deworming and keeping the pigs in the same place in order to
avoid contact with other pigs or other animals.
For the case of tape worms, cysts can be transferred to a human being when eaten.
Tape worms are also controlled by deworming, cooking meat properly in order to kill the cysts
in it and proper dispoal of human waste
Activity.
1. What are internal parasites?
2. Identify any two examples of internal parasites.
3. How can we control round worms among the pigs?
Listen and write.
Pneumonia
Antibiotic
Hygiene
Emaciation.
Diseases of pigs.
Disease Causes Signs and symptoms Control and prevention

Anthrax Bacteria  High fever.  Vaccination.

 Sudden death.  Early treatment.
 In dead animals there  Burn the carcasses or
is dark watery blood bury them 3meters
from body openings deep.
 Excessive blown up
stomach.

Pneumonia Virus or  Difficulty in breathing.  Use antibiotics for

bacteria  Coughing. treatment.
 Mucus from the nose.  Maintain proper
 Loss of appetite. hygiene.

Piglet Caused by  Weakness of the body  Iron injection.

Anaemia malnutrition  Loss of body weight  Regular deworming.
and worms  Rough skin coat.
such as
round
worms and
tape worms.
African swine Virus.  Loss of appetite.  No treatment.
fever.  High temperature.  Kill the affected animal
 Coughing. and bury the carcasses.
 Weakness in the hind  keep wild pigs away.
legs.  Clean the sty with
 Diarrhea and fever chemical immediately.
 Emaciation and death.
Nagana Protozoa  Fever  Treatment with drugs.
 (trypanosomiasis) Transmitted  Loss of appetite.  Control of tsetse flies.
by tsetse  Dullness.
flies.  Loss of weight.
 Death can occur
easily.
 Running eyes which
leads to blindness.

Activity
1. What causes anthrax among the pigs?
2. What is the difference between iron injection and regular deworming?

Listen and write.

Capital.
Labour.
Management.
Market.
Starting a piggery project.
Factors to consider when starting a piggery project.
1. Capital.
This is money used to buy all the necessary materials and animals to be used on a farm.
2. Land.
This is a place where the animals are to be kept / where the farm is to be located.
3. Labor.
This is the work done on the farm.
4. Market.
This is where to sell the farm products.
5. Management.
This involves the entire system of administering and monitoring all the activities to ensure
smooth running of the project.
Starting a piggery project at home or school the following should be considered.
1. Breeds of pigs to keep.
2. Source of pig feeds.
3. The nature of house to use on the farm.
4. Management for the piggery project.
5. The land to be occupied by the piggery project.
Activity.
1. What are the things to consider before starting up a piggery project at home?
2. State any two aims of starting a piggery project.
3. Name the products got from pigs.

Listen and write.

Records.
Income.
Expenditure.
Profit/profitable.
Keeping records
Records refer to written information kept on various activities on a farm.
Reasons for keeping farm records.
Helps farmers to monitor the growth of animals.
Records help farmers to make decisions about the development of the farm.
Records help farmers to know the expenditure and income on the farm.
Records help farmers to the farm profitable.
Records help farmers to know whether he /she is operating at a loss or profit.
Records help farmers to tell the health conditions of the animals on the farm.
Records help farmers to tell history of the farm.
Records help farmers to acquire loans.
Records help farmers to be taxed fairly.
Types of records.
1. Feeding records.
These include amount of food fed to the animals daily and food conversion.
2. Farrowing record rate.
These show date of service, date of farrowing and due date of farrowing.
3. Litter record.
These show piglets born per litter, piglets weaned per litter and the number of litter per sow
per year.
4. Operation records.
These include weaning date, date for weighing, date due castration, vaccination and drenching.
5. Health records.
Health records can have information such as;
1) The number of healthy animals.
2) The number of animals that need culling.
3) The number of sick animals and those recovering from sickness.
4) The date of vaccination.
5) The number of animals which have died on the farm.
6) Diseases that have attacked the animals.
Activity.