FORENSI

CBALLI
STI
C

CHAPTERI

I
.Def
ini
ti
onofBALLI
STI
CS

Bal
l
ist
icsi
sthes
cienc
ethatdeal
swi
tht
hes
tudyoft
hemot
ionoft
hepr
ojec
til
e.

Sc
ienc
eref
erst
othes
yst
emat
izedbodyofk
nowl
edge.

Mot
ionr
efer
stot
hemov
ement
.

Pr
ojec
til
eref
erst
othebul
l
ett
hatpas
sest
hrought
hebar
rel
oft
hef
ir
ear
m.

I
I
.Or
igi
noft
het
erm BALLI
STI
CS

Ball
is
tic
s-deri
vedf
rom t
heGreekword“
bal
lo”or“bal
l
ien”whi
chmeant ot hr
ow and
fr
om theRomanwarmachi
ne“
ball
is
ta”
.Agi
ganti
cboworc at
apaul
tthathur
lsstonesi
n
ki
ll
ingenemi
esandwil
dani
mal
s.

Fr
om t
hesewordsthemoder
nter
mfor
ens
icbal
l
ist
icswasder
ivedt
oindi
cat
ethe
s
cienc
eofmov i
ngpr
oject
il
e.

Forensi
c-anadj ecti
veref
err
ingtoformaleloquenc eorconsequentl
yfor
mal
cour
tdisc
us s
ion.Mor
ebr oadl
y,t
hewordforensi
chasbec omeal mos
ts ynoymouswit
h
l
egal
.Forinst
ance,“f
orensi
cmedici
ne”means“l
egalmedicine”.

I
I
I.BRANCHESOFBALLI
STI
CS

1.
INTERI
ORBALLI
STI
CS-Tr
eat
soft
hemot
ionofpr
ojec
til
ewhi
l
est
il
li
nsi
det
hef
ir
ear
m.

Namel
y:

A.
Fir
ingpi
nhi
tt
ingt
hepr
imer
.

B.
Igni
ti
onoft
hepr
imi
ngmi
xtur
e.

C.
Combus
tionofgunpowder
.

D.
Expans
ionofheat
edgas
.

E.
Pres
sur
edev
eloped-meas
uredi
npoundspers
quar
einc
h(l
bs.
/Sq.
Inc
horps
i)

F.Ener
gygener
ated-measur
edi
nfootpound.Footpound-c
apac
ityt
oli
ftone
poundatt
hehei
ghtofonef
oot
.

G.
Rec
oil
oft
hef
ir
ear
m -t
her
ear
war
dmov
ementoft
hef
ir
ear
m af
terex
plos
ion.
H.
Vel
oci
tyoft
hebul
l
et-meas
uredi
nfeetpers
econd(
ft
./Sec
.)

I
.Rot
ati
onoft
hebul
l
eti
nsi
det
hebar
rel
.

J
.Engr
avi
ngont
hec
yli
ndr
ical
sur
fac
eoft
hebul
l
et.

2.EXTERI
ORBALLISTI
CS-Tr
eat
soft
hemot
ionofpr
ojec
til
eaf
terl
eav
ingt
hemuz
zleof
thegunbarr
el.
Namely:

A.Muzzl
eblas
t-t
hes
oundc
reat
edatt
hemuz
zleandoft
hebar
reloft
hef
ir
ear
m af
ter
theex
plosi
on.

B.
Muz
zleener
gy-ener
gygener
atedaf
terl
eav
ingt
hef
ir
ear
m.

C.
Traj
ect
ory-i
stheac
tual
pat
ter
noft
hec
urv
edpat
hoft
hebul
l
eti
nfl
i
ght
.

D.
Range-t
hedi
stanc
ebet
weent
hef
ir
ear
m andt
het
arget
.

1.Eff
ect
iverange -t
he max
imum di
stanc
e atwhi
cht
he pr
ojec
til
ecan be
ex
pec
tedtobelet
hal
.

2.Maxi
mum range-thegreat
estdis
tanc
eapr
ojec
til
ecant
rav
elwhenf
ir
edat
t
heopt
imum angl
eofelev
ati
onoft
hebarrel
.

E.
Vel
oci
ty-t
hes
peedoft
hebul
l
et.

F.
Airr
esi
stanc
e-enc
ount
eredbyt
hebul
l
eti
nfl
i
ght
.

G.
Pul
lofgr
avi
ty-t
hedownwar
dmov
ementoft
hebul
l
et.

H.
Penet
rat
ion-t
heent
ryoft
hebul
l
etont
arget
.

3.TERMINALBALLI
STI
CS-Tr
eat
stheef
fec
tsoft
hei
mpac
toft
hebul
l
ett
owar
dst
he
tar
get.

Namel
y:

A.
Ter
minal
acc
urac
y-t
hes
izeoft
hebul
l
etgr
oupi
ngont
het
arget
.

B.
Ter
minal
ener
gy-ener
gyoft
hebul
l
et.

C.
Ter
minal
vel
oci
ty-t
hes
peedoft
hebul
l
et.

D.
Ter
minal
penet
rat
ion-t
hedept
hoft
hebul
l
etont
arget
.
 CHAPTER2

FI
REARMS

FI
REARMS-( FoundinSect
ion877ofourRev
isedAdmi
nis
trat
iveCodeandi
nSec
tion
290ofoutNati
onalI
nter
nal
RevenueCode)
.

SECTI
ON 877- Firearmsorarmsasher ei
nusedinc
ludesrif
les
,muskets
,c ar
bines,
shot
gun,r
evol
ver
,pistol
sandallotherdeadl
yweaponsfrom whic
habullet
,ball,s
hot
shel
l
,orot
hermis
sil
esmay bedi
schargebymeansofgunpowderofotherexplosi
ves.

RI
FLES-at
ypeofweaponnor
mal
l
ydes
ignedt
obef
ir
edf
rom t
hes
houl
der
.

MUSKET-ananc i
entsmoothbor
eweapondesi
gnedt
oshootas
ingl
eroundl
eadball
.
Thewordmusketi
fofSpani
shofFrenc
hor
igi
n.Whenc
ommonwerenamesforbi
rdsor
preyasf
alc
on.

MATCHLOCKMUSKET-c
ani
ntobei
ngaboutt
heendoft
hef
ir
stquar
teroft
hef
if
teen
cent
ury
.

FLI
NTLOCKMUSKET-wasf
ir
sti
ntr
oduc
edatt
hebegi
nni
ngoft
heei
ght
eent
hcent
ury
.

ThreeCharact
er i
sti
csweaponsoftheAmeri
canCi
vi
lWar.Thet
opisac oltrev
olving
ri
fl
eissuedatthes tar
tofthewari
nconsi
der
abl
enumber
sandofful
lmus
k etbore,but
enti
rel
yunsati
sfactoryforus
eint
hefi
el
d.

CARBI
NE-(Dav
id“Carbi
ne”Wi
l
li
am)c
ali
ber.
30as
hor
tbar
relr
if
le,hav
ingabar
relnot
l
ongert
han22i
nches
.

SHOTGUN-as
moot
hbor
eweapondes
ignedt
oshootanumberofl
eadpel
l
etsi
none
char
ge.

Gauge-asappl
iedt
oshotgunindi
catest
hebor
edi
ameterisequalt
ot hediamet
ersof
t
heleadbal
lwhosewei
ghtinpoundisequal
tot
her
eci
procalgaugeindex.

GUAGE BOREDI
AMETER

4 .
935*

8 .
835*

10 .
775*

12 .
729*

16 .
662*
 20 .
615*

28 .
550*

410 .
410*

REVOLVER-ahandfi
rear
minwhi
char
otat
ingc
yli
nders
ucc
ess
ivel
ypl
acesc
art
ri
dges
i
ntoposi
ti
onf
orf
ir
ing.

PI
STOL-ahandf
ir
ear
m us
ual
l
yappl
i
est
osi
ngl
eshotandaut
omat
icl
oadi
ng.

2.7MM KOLI BRIAUTO -histori

calnote:t
he2.7mm kol
i
breist
hesmall
estcenter
fi
re
cart
ridgeofcommercialmanufact
ureitwasus
edintheequal
l
ysmal
lkal
i
briSemi-Auto
pist
ol i
ntr
oducedabout1914.

SI
NGLEACTION-weaponi
nwhi
chpr
ess
ureupont
het
ri
ggerr
eleas
est
hehammert
hat
mustbemanual
l
ycook
ed.

DOUBLEACTI
ON–weaponi
nwhi
chpr
ess
ureupont
het
ri
ggerbot
hcoc
ksr
eleas
est
he
hammer
.

AUTOMSTIC–aweaponi scal
l
edaut omat
icwhenthemec
hani
smi
ssoar
ranget
hatI
t
wi
llf
ir
econti
nuous
lywhi
l
et het
riggeri
sdepres
sed.

AI
RRIFLE-atypeofweapondes
ignedt
oshootpel
l
etsbemeansofc
ompr
ess
edai
r
(
cal
.177or.
22)

FI
REARM -(Techni
calmeaning)isanins
trumentusedforthepropul
si
onofpr
ojec
til
e
bymeansoftheexpans
iveforceofgas
esc omi
ngfrom bur
ninggunpowder
.

GENERALCLASSI
FICATI
ONOFFI
REARMS

1.SMOOTH-BOREFI
REARMS-fi
rearmsthatdoesnotc
ont
ainr
if
li
ngorper
fec
tly
smoot
hfr
om endt
oende.
g.s
hot gunandmusket
s.

2.RI
FLED-ARMS-fi
rearmst
hatcontai
nsri
fl
i
ngorthebor
eisc
utl
ongi
tudi
nal
l
ywi
th
anumberofgr
oov es
.E.
g.pi
stol
,rev
olv
erandr
if
le.

MAI
NTYPEOFFI
REARMS

1.ARTI
LLERY-f
ir
ear
mst
hatpr
opel
proj
ect
il
emor
ethanani
nchi
ndi
amet
er.

e.
g.Cannons
,mor
tar
,baz
ook
a

2.
SMALLARMS-f
ir
ear
mst
hatpr
opel
proj
ect
il
eles
sthanonei
nchi
ndi
amet
er.

e.
g.pi
stol
s,r
evol
ver
,ri
fl
e,s
ubmac
hinegun,
shot
guns
I
MPORTANTDATESI
NFI
REARMSHI
STORY

1313-GUNPOWDERASAPROPELLANT-Theageofgunpowderbegunwi
thi
tsf
ir
st
useasapr
opel
l
antf
orapr
ojec
til
e.

1350-SMALLARMS.
gunpowderwasf
ir
stus
edonl
ync
annons
.

1498-RI
FLI
NG.
thef
ir
str
efer
enc
etor
if
ledbar
rel
shappenedar
oundt
hisy
ear
.

1575-CARTRIDGE.paperc
art
ri
dgewasdev
eloped.Thi
scombi
nedbot
hpowderand
bal
labout1575.

1807-PERCUSSIONSYSTEM.for
syt
hdiscov
eredt
hatcer
taincompoundsdet
onat
edby
ablow c oul
dbeusedtoigni
tethechar
geinafir
ear
m,f ormi
ngthebasi
sforal
llat
er
percus
sionandacart
ri
dgedevel
opment.

1835-SAMUELCOLT.Patent
edt
hef
ir
stpr
act
icalr
evol
veri
nwhi
cht
hec
yli
nderr
otat
ed
bycocki
ngthehammer.

1836-PINFI
RECARTRI DGE.Theepi
nfi
rec
art
ri
dgedevel
oped byLeFaunc
heurwas
probabl
ythefi
rsts
elf
-expl
odi
ngcart
ri
dget
ocomeint
ogeneral
use.

1845-RIMFIRECARTRIDGE.InFranc
e,Fl
ober
tdev
eloped“
bul
l
etbr
eec
hcap”whi
chwas
i
nr eal
i
tythefi
rstr
imf
ir
ec ar
tri
dge.

1858-CENTER-FI
RECARTRIDGE.TheMorsecar
tri
dgemar
kedt
hebegi
nni
ngoft
he
rapi
ddevel
opmentoft
hecenter
-fi
rec
art
ri
dge.

1884- AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN.Hi r

am Vi
eil
l
e dev
eloped t
he fir
sts at
isf
act
ory
smokel
esspowder,anew propel
lantwhi
chl
ack
edt hes
mok echarac
teri
sti
csofblack
powder,butwasmorepowerf
ul.

HOW DI
DTHEGUNGETSI
TSNAME?

Bef or
egunswer einvented,therewer emanyt ypesofs pr
ing-dri
venc atapult
s
t
hathur led l
arges t
ones:thes pri
ngal,thet rebuc
het,thearbalestand a wheel ed
catapultk nown asa mangonel .These were allknown asgy ns,a now obs ol
ete
shorteningoft heword,engine.Iti
spos s
ibl
et hatgunc amefrom gy n,butitismuc h
mor epr obablethati
tderi
vedf rom mangonelwhi chwasf ami
l
iarl
yk nownint heear l
y
mediev aldaysasagonne.Al lt
hiscatapul
tsthrews t
onesandsodi dtheearlypowder -
l
oadedc annons .

Ri
fl
edaresonamedbecaus
et hegroovi
ngi
nsidethebarr
elsi
sk nownasri
fl
ing.
Thewordpis
tol
owesit
sori
gint
oeithert
heItal
i
anc
ityofPis
toi
a,orPi
stole,
acoi
nthat.

EQUI
VALENTOFCALI
BERSI
NINCHESANDMI
LLI
METERS
 1.Cal
i
ber.
45–11mm.

2.Cal
i
ber.
38–9mm.

3.Cal
i
ber.
32–7.
65mm.

4.Cal
i
ber.
30–7.
63mm.

5.Cal
i
ber.
25–6.
36mm.

6.Cal
i
ber.
22–5.
59mm.

CALIBER.250–3000–3000isthemuzz
level
oci
tyoft
hebul
l
eti
nfeetpers
econd.The
.250ist
hec al
i
berthous
andt
hsofani
nch.

CALI
BER.30–06–t he06ist
hes
hor
tenedf
rom 1906.They
eart
hec
art
ri
dgewas
i
ntr
oduc
ed.The.
30i
sthecal
i
ber
.

CALI
BER.30–30–Thes ec
ond30ref
erst
ot heweighti
ngr
ainsofs
mok
eles
spowder
f
ir
stl
oadedint
hisc
art
ri
dgewheni
twasint
roduced.

CALI
BER7.
92x57mm.
–The57mm.
ist
hemeas
urementoft
hec
asel
engt
h.

TYPESOFFI
REARMSACCORDI
NGTOMECHANI
CALCONSTRUCTI
ON

1.SI
NGLESHOTFI
REARMS–t
hos
ety
peoff
ir
ear
mst
hati
sdes
ignedt
oshootonl
y
ones
hot.

2.REPEATI
NGARMS–t hi
stypei
sloadedwit
hmorethanonecar
tri
dgei
ntot
he
chamberwheni
tisf
ir
edrat
herhavi
ngtoper
for
mthi
soper
ati
onbyhand.
\

3.BOLTACTIONTYPE–af i
rear
mi nwhichthebreec
hc l
osureis(
1)i
nli
newiththe
boreatal
lti
mes,(
2)manuall
yreci
proc
atedtoload,unloadandcock,(
3)andis
l
ocked i
nplacebybreechboltlugsand engaging abut
mentsusual
lyi
nt he
rec
eiv
er.

4.LEVERACTIONTYPE–ades i
gnwherei
nthebr
eec
hmec
hani
smi
scy
cledbyan
ext
ernal
lev
ergener
all
ybel
owther
ecei
ver.

5.5.SLI
DEACTION TYPE–afir
earm whi
chfeat
uresamovabl
efir
ear
m whi
chi
s
manual
lyac
tuat
edinmot
ionparal
l
elt
othebarr
elbyt
heshoot
er.

6.6.SEMIAUTOMATI CTYPE–af i
rearmrequi
ri
ngas epar
atepul
loft
hetri
ggerf
or
eachshotfir
ed,andwhichusestheener
gyofdis
chargetoperf
orm apor
ti
onof
theoperat
ingorfir
ingcy
cle.
(Usual
l
ytheloadi
ng)
.
 7.BLOWBACK–i nfi
rearm,anaut
omati
candsemi
-aut
omat
icf
irear
m desi
gn,that
dir
ect
lyuti
l
izest
hebr eechpr
essur
eexer
tedont
heheadofthecart
ri
dgec ases
toact
uatethemechanism.

8.7.AUTOMATI CACTI ONTYPE–af i

rear
m desi
gnthatfeedsc
artr
idges
,firesand
ejec
tsc ar
tri
dgec as
esaslongasthet ri
ggeri
sfull
ydepress
edandt hereare
cart
ridgeavail
abl
einthef
eedsy
stem.

9.8.MACHINEGUNTYPE–primar
il
yusedonl
yinmi
l
itar
ycombatandwi
l
lsel
dom
beencount
eredbyt
hef
ir
ear
mstechni
ci
an.

10.
9.SUBMACHINE-GUNTYPE–i
sal
i
ght
,por
tabl
emac
hinegunwhi
chus
espi
stol
siz
eammunit
ion.

10.
SHOTGUNS

a.SI
NGLEBARRELED SHOTGUN - i
tisl
oadedwit
has
ingl
eshot
gunc
art
ri
dge,
cl
osed,
fir
edandt
hendel
oadedbythes
hooter
.

b.DOUBLEBARRELED SHOTGUN –thetwobarr

elsmaybes
ideort
heymaybe
oneov
ert
heother.
Eachbarr
elmyhavei
tsowntri
gger
.

c
.PUMPACTI ON SHOTGUN –operat
esint hes
amemannerasas
li
deac
tionby
meansofasl
i
dingl
everundert
hebarr
el.

d.AUTO LOADI NGSHOTGUN –thes

earethes
ameasautol oadi
ngri
fl
esint
hat
therec
oilacti
onsrel
oadst
hegunfr
om t
hemagaz
ineswi
thoutanyef
for
tonthe
artoft
hes hooter
.

11.
MISCELLANEOUSGUNS

a)GASGUNS–t hes
ewi l
lbef
oundinal
lshapesands
izesandar
eus
edf
orf
ir
ing
t
eargasandot
herfor
msofdis
abl
i
nggases.

b)TRAPS–t hesear
edes
ignedt
obes
eti
nthewoodsandl
eftwher
eani
mal
swi
l
l
encount
erthem.

c
)CANEGUN,KNIFEPISTOLS,ETC.–aredevi
cespr
imari
l
ydes
ignedf
oranot
her
pur
pos
eswi
l
lhaveagunmec hani
sminc
orpor
atedi
nthem.

d)TOOLS–ther
ear eanumberoftoolus
ingc
art
ri
dgewhi
char
edes
ignedt
odr
ive
st
ud,punc
hholesorcutt
abl
es.

e)ZI
PGUNS–t hes
emaybei nanyform,si
ncethenamehasbeenappl
iedt
oall
homemadeguns,gr
eatmanyofthiscl
asswil
lbefoundt
obeexceedi
ngcl
ever
mechani
sm andmos
teff
ect
iveweapons
.
 f
) MULTI-BARRELEDGUNS–inpart
icul
ar,onewi
l
lfi
redgunshav
ingt
hreeorf
our
bar
rel
sallmountedi
noner
ecei
ver
.

g)LI
BERATOR–madebyt heU.S.gover
nmentforuseinoc cupi
edcount
ri
esof
Eur
opedur
ingt
hewarandfi
redthe.
45car
tri
dgesi
ngleshotandsmoothbor
e.

h)FLAREGUNS–usedinc
asess
uchasf
ors
endi
ngs
ignal
sandenabl
i
ngt
osee
enemi
esi
nthedar
k.

i
) HARPONGUNS–bar
beds
peari
nhunt
ingl
argef
is
h.

I
NVENTORSANDMANUFACTURES

ARMALI TE–Oc cas

ionall
y ,thehomeofmanuf actur
ingc ompanybec omesal mos ta
gener i
ct erm.I thappenswi t
ht heCol t-produc ed ter
m.TheAr mal i
tebus i
nes swas
formedbyChar l
esDor chesterandGeor geSul l
ivani n1950.
BROWNI NG,J .M.–Bor ni n1855.St artedt hepr oductionofas i
ngle-s hotthatwas
adopt edbyWi nchester.
CETME- ( Cent r
odosEs tudiosTec hnicosdeMat eri
al
esEs pec i
ales)
.Thisi stheSpani sh
gov ernmentweapondev elopmentagenc y,bas edi nMadr id.
COLT–SamuelCol twasbor nonJ uly1814andwast obei nstrumentali nmak i
ngt he
revolverapr ac ti
caltypeofpi stol.
DERRI NGER,HENRY – Bor n att he begi nning oft he 19th Cent ury .Wor ked at
Phil
adel phi swher ehemanuf acturedPoc ketPistol.
GARAND,J OHN C.–wasbor ni n1888i nQuebecbutt eny earslater,hemov edt o
Connec ti
c ut.TheGar andr if
lewast heWor ld’sf i
rstself
-loadi ngr i
fl
e.TheM1Gar and
wasdev elopedi n1931.
GATLI NG,R-J–Bor ni nNor thCar olinai n1818.Dev el
oped t hehand-wr ac k
edmac hi
ne
gun.
LUGER,GEORGE – Wasbor ni n Aus tri
ai n 1849.He di dl ast
ing des i
gn wor kin
connec tionwi t
h3mm Par abellum Car tr
idge.
HAMMERLI ,JOHANNULRI CH–Hammer l
iweaponshav eal way sbeent heepi tomeof
Swis sprec essionengi neeringabi li
ty.
HECKLERANDKOCK–EdmondHec kl
erhasbeenapl antmanagerwi thMaus er,and
AlexSei del ades ignerwi t
hMaus er.
MARLI N,J OHNMAHLON–NewHav en,Connec ticutManuf actureroflev erac t
ionRi f
le,
1800s .
MAUSER – Pauland Wi l
helm br otherspr oduc epar t
soft her i
fl
ewhi ch had been
adopt edbyt heGer mangov ernmenti n1871.
MOSSI N,SERGEI–Col oneloft heRus s
ianAr my .Designedt heRus sianSer viceRi fl
ein
1891.

MOSSERG,OSCAR–Bor ni
nSwedenin1866andwentt
otheUni
tedSt
ates
.Themak
er
ofhi
ghqual
it
y.22r
if
le.
Sport
ingr
if
lesandpumpact
ions
hot
guns.

MAMBU,KI
JI
RO –Anar
myof
fi
cergundes
igner
.Hi
sfi
rstdes
ignwaspr
oduc
edbyt
he
Kay
obaFac
tor
yin1904.

SIG( Sc
hwelr
eri
acheIndus
tri
aGess
els
chaf
t)–AdoptedbytheSwis
sgov er
nmentas
thei
rs t
andar
ds er
vic
eweapon.ThecompanySt
art
edtopr
oducerai
lwayenginesand
carr
iagein1853.

SMITH AND WESSON –Horac

eSmithandDani
elB.Wessonfor
medpar t
nershi
pin
1852.Theymanagedbypr
oduci
ngwhati
spr
obabl
ythebes
tdoubl
e-ac
tionrev
olveri
n
theworld.

THOMPSON,JOHN – Bor
nin1860i
nNewpor
t,Kent
uck
ydes
igned t
heThomps
on
Submac
hineguni
n1920.

TOKAREV,FEDOR–Bor
natEgor
li
ksk
ayai
n1871.des
ignedt
hes
erv
icepi
stoloft
he
Sovi
etf
orce.

WALTHER,
CARL–Dev
elopedar
eli
abl
esmal
lcal
i
beraut
omat
icpi
stol
in1866.

WI
NCHESTER,
OLI
VER–Hel
edt
hef
ormat
ionoft
heWi
nches
terCompany
.

CHAPTER3

Ammunition-(Foundinc hapterVII,s
ecti
on290oft henati
onalinternalrevenuec ode
andinsection877ofther ev
isedadmi ni
str
ati
vec ode).Shal
lmeanl oadeds hellf
orrifl
es,
mus k
ets
,c arbi
nes
,shotguns,revol
versandpistolfr
om whi chabullet,ball
,shot,shel
lor
othermissil
esmaybef ir
edbydameansofgunpowderorot herex plosi
ves.Thet erm
al
soincl
udesamuni ti
onf orairr
ifl
easment i
onedel sewhereinthi
sc ode.

Cart
ri
dge- at erm us
edtodescr
ibeac
ompl
eteandf
ir
eduni
tcons
ist
ingofbul
l
et,
pri
mer,c
art
ri
dgecas
eandgunpowder.

Cl
ass
if
icat
ionofc
art
ri
dgeac
cor
dingt
ori
m
1.Ri
mmedt y
pe-t
hediamet
eroftheri
misgreaterthant
hedi
amet
eroft
hebodyoft
he
cart
ri
dgec
ase.E.
g.c
ali
ber.
38speci
alandcal
iber.22

2.Semi-r
immedtype-thedi
ameteroftheri
ngissli
ght
lygreat
ert
hant
hedi
amet
erof
thebodyofthec
artri
dgecas
e.E.
g.cal
i
ber.25,.
32,
super.38

3.Ri
mlessty
pe-t hedi
ameteroftheri
misequalwi
tht
hedi
amet
eroft
hebodyoft
he
car
tri
dgecase.
E.g.cal
i
bermm, .
30,.
9mm,.
45

4.Rebatedty
pe-t
hediamet
eroft
her
imi
ssmal
l
ert
hant
hebodyoft
hec
art
ri
dgec
ase.
E.
g.cali
ber8mm x59.

5.Bel
tedt
ype-ther
eisaprot
rudi
ngmetalar
oundt
hebodyoft
hec
art
ri
dgec
asenear
theri
m.E.
g.cal
i
ber338magnum,13.
9x99mm.

Ty
pesofc
art
ri
dgesac
cor
dingt
oloc
ati
onofpr
imer

1.Pi
n-fi
recar
tri
dge-Thepi
nextendsr
adi
al
lythr
oughtheheadoft
hec
art
ri
dgec
ase
i
ntothepr
imer
.Thist
ypeofc
art
ri
dgeisnol
ongerused.

2.Ri
mfir
ecar
tri
dge-t
hepri
mingmi
xtur
eispl
acedi
nthec
avi
tyf
ormedi
nther
im oft
he
headoft
hecart
ri
dgecas
e.

3.Centerf
ir
ecart
ri
dge-t
hepr
imar
ysour
cei
ntot
hemi
ddl
epor
ti
onoft
heheadoft
he
car
tri
dgecase.

4.Per
cus
sion-meansofi
gni
ti
onofapr
opel
l
antc
har
gebymec
hani
calbl
owagai
nstt
he
pri
merorpercus
sionc
up.

A.
Lowpowder
-ac
art
ri
dgegi
vi
ngamuz
zlev
eloc
ityofl
ess1850f
t.
/sec
.

B.Highpower
-ac
art
ri
dgegi
vi
ngamuz
zlev
eloc
ityofbet
ween1925and2500
f
t/s
ec.

C.
Highi
ntens
ityac
art
ri
dgegi
vi
ngamuz
zlev
eloc
ityofov
er2500f
t/s
ec.
.

Func
tionsofc
art
ri
dgec
ases

1.
Ithol
dst
hebul
l
et,
gunpowderandpr
imer
.
2.
Itserv
esasawaterpr
oofcontai
nerfort
hegunpowder
.
3.
Itprevent
sthees
capeofgasestotherear
.

I
LLUSTRATI
ONS OF CARTRI
DGES ACCORDI
NG TO RI
MMED AND ACCORDI
NG TO
LOCATI
ONOFPRIMER

Shot
gunc
ases
-

consis
tsofabr assheadwi t
hwhi chisf i
xedas toutpaperwhi chc onsti
tutet he
wall
softhec ase.Alls hotgunc artri
dgehav ear i
m oflargerdiamet err oundtheex t
reme
edgeoft hebas e.Shot gunc artri
dgec asesarenowal somadeent irel
yofmet al
,either
zi
nc,aluminum orbr as s
.
I
nas hotgunc artri
dge,thepr ojecti
l
ec onsis
tspr i
ncipal
lyofs hots,alt
hought here
arealsosomewadswhi choughtt obei nc l
uded.Shotasi sgenerallyk nownc onsistsof
as malll
eadbal lsar epel l
ets.Thes epel letsareofdi ff
erentsizes ,andt hiss i
zesar e
denotedbynumber s. Thev er
yl argestsizesofs hot,
isc ommonl yc all
ed" Buckshot".
TheThickfeltwad,howev ers ervesanot heres s
entialpurpos e.Itactsasapi ston
ands eal
sthebor e,thuspr eventingt heex pandingc asesfrom escapi ng.

LEADSHOTSI
ZES&STEELSHOTSI
ZES
SHOTGUNCARTRI
DGEI
LLUSTRATI
ON

A.
PAPERTUBE

B.
METALBASE

C.
CASEWAD

D.
BATTERYCUP

E.
PRI
MERCUP

F.
ANVI
L

G.
PRI
MING

H.
PROPELLANT

I
.OVER-POWDERWAD

J
.FI
LLERWADS

K.
SHOT

L.
CLOSI
NGWAD

CHAPTER4
DEFI
NITI
ONOFPRI
MER

The igni
ti
on c omponents of c art
ridge primer
s are us
ed f
or ignit
ing
propel
lant. A bl
ow from thefir
ingpinont hepr i
merc upcompress
est
hepr iming
compos i
ti
ont odetonate.Thisdetonat
ionpr oduc esfl
amewhi chpas
sest
hrought he
ventoffl
eshholeinthec ar
tri
dgecase,i
gnit
ingt hegunpowder .

THECOMPOSI
TIONOFAPRI
MER

a.
Pot
ass
ium Chl
orat
e -45%

b.
Ant
imonySul
fi
de -23%

c
.Ful
minat
eofMer
cur
y-32%

CHAPTER5

GUNPOWDER- Any ofthe var

iouspowderused i
nthe fi
rear
m aspr opel
l
anti
s
BERTHOLDSCHWARTZ,(
realnameisCONSTANTI
NANKLITZEN)aFranc
isc
anmonkin
thet
ownofFrei
bur
ginGermany.

TWOTYPESOFGUNPOWDER

1.BLACKPOWDER–Cons i
stsofblackandr at
hers
hinygr
ains
.Alt
houghblac
kand
rat
hers hi
ny gr
ains
.Al
though black powderhasbeen in us
ef oraboutsi
x
centur
ies.

THECOMPONENTSARE:

1.
Pot
ass
ium Ni
tr
ate-75%

2.
Char
coal
-15%

3.
Sul
phur -10%

2.SMOKELESSPOWDER–ami xtur
eofnitr
ocel
l
ulose60part
s,nit
rogl
yceri
ne35par
ts
andVasel
i
ne5part
s.Thes
esubs
tancesar
ealmostent
ir
elys
mokelessi
nac t
ion.

Theyar
eallgi
vent
hegeneri
cterm ofnit
ropowdersandarel
egioni
nnumbers.
Allnit
ro
powdersus
edi nt
heri
fl
es,pis
tol
sandr ev
olv
ersaregel
ati
niz
edpowders
,thatisthey
aremadebyformi
ngadoughintos t
ick
sorgrains
.

The i
dent
if
icati
on ofparti
all
yburntpowdergrainsmaybec ome a matterofv i
tal
i
mportanc
e,s i
ncesuc
hgr ai
nsmaybefoundroundtheentranceholeofthewound,and
i
twil
lobvi
ous l
yhel
pifthetypeofpowdercanbeident
if
iedfri
mt heseunbur
ntgrai
ns.
CHAPTER6

BULLET

A proj
ecti
l
e propell
ed f
rom a f
ir
earm.A metal
li
cornon-metal
li
ccy
lindr
ical
proj
ect
il
e.Origi
nated f
rom Fr
ench work“boul
ett
e”,a s
mal
lball
.Incommon
poli
ceparl
ane,abull
etmaybecall
ed"sl
ug"

MODERNCONCEPT

BULLET– i
nitsmoder
nconceptorsens
ehasbec ometomeanpri
mar
il
ya
pr
oject
il
epr
opel
l
edfr
om ar
if
ledf
ir
ear
m whichi
scy
li
ndri
cal
ins
hape.

Ther
ear
etwobas
ict
ypesofc
ommer
cial
bul
l
etsi
ncommonus
etoday
.

1.LEADBULLETS

2.J
ACKETEDBULLETS

LEAD BULLETS-Usedi
nalmostal
lrev
olv
erammuni
ti
onandi
nsomel
ow and
medi
um powderri
fl
ecar
tri
dges
.

BULLETS-areproduc
edinautomat
icswedgi
ngmachi
nesf
rom ex
trudedwi
re
cont
aini
ngthepr
operper
cent
ageofti
nandanti
monyf
orhar
deni
ng.

JACKETED BULLETS-Us
edf oraut
omat
icpi
stolammuni
ti
onandmedi
um and
highpowerri
fl
eammunit
ion.

JACKETEDBULLETS-mostfrequentlymetwi thi
nc ri
meands implec upro-nickel
orgl
idi
ngmetalenvel
opecoveri
ngl eadc oresfir
edf r
om automat i
cpi s
tols.The
mostcommonar et
hosefrom thebl owbac k.25ACP,. 32ACP,380ACP,9mm
l
uger,.
45ACP( Aut
omati
cCol tPist
ol )ands everaltypesofhighv elocit
y. 30s.
Thes
eareal
lmadeautomatic
all
ybys wedgi ngac upofmet alaroundal eadc ore.

CLASSI
FICATI
ONOFBULLETACCORDI
NGTOMECHANI
CALCONSTRUCTI
ON

1.ARMORPI
ERCI
NGBULLET

2.TRACERBULLET

3.I
NCENDI
ARYBULLET

4.DUM-DUM BULLETS

5.GASCHECKBULLET
 6.WADCUTTERBULLET

7.WAXBULLET

ARMORPI
ERCI
NGBULLET

I
tisapointed,f
latbas
ebul
letwi
thagl
i
dingmetalj
acket
.Thec
oreisofpoi
nted,
boat
-trai
l
eds hapeandinmadeofhar
denedtungst
en,chr
omesteelandhasa
bl
ackenedtip.

TRACERBULLET

Thes ebul letswhen f ir

ed,emi ta br ightr ed fl
amef rom thei rbas e,thereby
showi ngt hegunnerbyt het r
aceoff lame,t hepat haswel last hes tri
kingpoi nt
oft hebul l
et ,thefl
amec onti
nuingt obur nandt rac eforabout600y ards.Thes e
arei ntendedpr imari
lyf ormac hinegunus eandc anbes eendayorni ght.The
pointoft hebul l
etcoloredr edisf ori
dent i
fi
cat
ion.Thes eareus edonl yinmi li
tary
service,andwer enev ers oldtoi ndi
vidual s
.Shoul dani ndi
vidualobt ai
noneor
mor eoft hes ecartr
idges ,hes houldatonc eret
ur nittomi l
it
ar yc ontrolorel se
dispos eoft hes ebyt hr owingintoadeepr i
verorl ake,astheyar eex ceedingly
danger oust o have ar ound.Thes es hould nev erbe “ monk eyed”wi t
h,and
particular
lynoat t
empts hould bemadet ounload t hem forex amination,as
thes emayi gni t
eandc auseex ceedingl yseri
ousbur nsorf ire.Thei ngredients
usedi nt r
ac erandi gnitermi xt
uresarec onfi
denti
al.

I
NCENDI
ARYBULLET

Aresimi
larincons t
ruct
iontobul
l
et,butt
hec ompos it
iontr
acerc ont
ainedint he
cavi
tyburnsf i
ercel
yoni mpactwithav er
yhotf lamewhi chwi l
lquiterel
iably
i
gniteanythi
ngt hatthebull
etst
rik
e.Forident
ifi
cati
onpur posestheincendiary
bul
lethasalightbluecolor
.Thesameprecauti
onss houl
dobs erv
easwi thtracer
car
tri
dges.

DUM-DUM BULLETS

Thi
swor dandt y
peofbul l
etwereI nvent
edbyBr i
ti
shOrdi
nanc eforc
es tati
oned
attheirarsenalatDum-Dum,I ndia.TheBr it
isharmywasengagedi nex t
ensiv
e
Punit
iveex pediti
onsont heNorthwes tFrontierofIndi
a,fi
ghti
ngagai nstAfghan
andPat hant r
ibesmen.Itsoondev elopedt hatsuc haful
ljacket
edbul l
etwasof
nopr acti
caleffectagai
nstpri
mi t
ivenatures.Sot heEngli
shmades omeoft hes
e
bull
etsex pandingbygr i
ndingof fthenos eoft hebull
etjac
ket.Thesear enow
knownasHol l
owpoi ntbull
etands oftpointbul l
et.

GASCHECKBULLET
 Topreventthemel ti
ngoft hebas e,leadbull
etsi
ntendedt obefir
edathigher
vel
oci
tyhavet heirgasesprotectedwi t
has mallc
opperc ups.Thebul
leti
sc as
t
wit
has li
ghtl
yt ape-r
ingbas e,andt hecoppergascheckist henpr
ess
edlightl
y
onthebore;thec upremaini
ngont hebull
etwhenitisf
ir
ed.

WADCUTTERBULLET

Acyli
ndri
calbul
l
etdesi
gnhavingas
harpshoulder
ednos
eint
endedt
ocutt
arget
papercl
earl
ytofac
il
it
ateeas
yandaccur
atescori
ng.

WAXBULLET

Bull
etmadeform paraf
fi
nand ot
herwaxpr
epar
ati
onus
ual
l
yus
ed f
ors
hor
t
rangei
ndoort
argets
hooting.

CHAPTER7

ARMSMANUFACTURI
NGPROCESSESRELATEDTOFI
REARMSI
DENTI
FICATI
ON

Itisv eryimpor tantt hataBal li

sti
csExpertorFi r
earmsEx aminerbes uff
ici
ent ly
fami l
iarwi t
ht hev ari
ouss tepsint hemanuf actur
eofaf i
rearmi norderthathe
willbeabl emar kingswhi chmaybef oundonaf ir
earm ev i
dencewhi chmaybe
foundbas i
sofhi si dentif
icati
on.Theres houldalwaysbeas oundr easonforal l
mar kings ,scr
atches ,ordent sv i
si
bleonf ir
earmsev idenceandi tisthefunc t
ion
oft hef ir
earm ex ami nertodet erminehow andwhyt heyaremade,andal sot o
i
nter prett hei
rs ignificancebot ht o himselfand tot hec ourt.Mos toft hese
mar kingsar et rans f
erredont hef ir
earm evidencebydel i
berateorac ci
dent al
oper ationsoft het oolsduringthepr ocessofmanuf actur
e.

BROACH,GANG–at oolhavi
ngas er
iesofc
ut t
ingedgesofsli
ghtl
yincr
easi
ng
hei
ghtusedt
oc utt
hespir
algroov
esinabarr
el.Allgr
oovesar
ec utwit
has i
ngl
e
pas
softhebroach.

BROACH,SI NGLE-A non-adj

ustabl
eri
fl
ingc ut
terwhi
chc ut
sal
lthegr
ooves
si
multaneousl
y,and i
si naseri
esofincreas
ing di
mensi
onsunt
ilt
hedesi
red
groov
edept hisachi
eved.

BUTTON -Ahar denedmet alpl

ug,call
edabut ton,wi
thar i
fl
edcr
osssect
ion
conf
igurat
ion.I
tispushedorpull
edthroughadr i
ll
edandreamedbarr
els
oast o
col
df or
mt hes pir
algroov
est othedesi
reddepthandt wi
st.Whenthecar
bide
butt
on wasf i
rstint
roduced i
twasdes c
ribed asa SWAGING PROCESS or
SWAGEDRI FLI
NG.
HOOK–Ac
utt
ingt
oolwhi
chhasahooks
hapeandonl
ycut
sonegr
oov
eata
t
ime.

SCRAPE-Ac
utt
ingt
ool
whi
chc
utst
wooppos
inggr
oov
esatat
ime.

SWAGE–Aninter
nalmandrelwi
thr
il
ingc
onf
igur
ati
onwhi
chf
ormsr
if
li
ngi
nthe
bar
rel
bymeansofext
ernal
hammeri
ng.Al
sok
nownasHAMMERFORGING.

REECHFACEMANUFACTURE

Thebreechfac
eofall f
ir
earmsaremachinec
utinthebyhandf i
li
ngandgr indi
ng.
Si
milar
lythes t
ri
kers(Firi
ngfi
rstpl
ace,andint hehighergradeweaponsar e
fi
nis
hedof fpi
n)ofallweaponsarecutandshaped,r
eceivi
ngdiff
erentdegreeof
fi
refi
nis
hingaccordi
ngt othegr
adeofweaponi nwhichtheyaretobeus ed.

Anotherfacetof aceoff i
rearm manuf acturewhi chinofgr eatimpor t
anc etot he
fi
rearm manufactur ewhi chi soft hef inis
hingoper ati
onalont hebr eechfaceof
theweapon.Thi si st hatpor t
ionoft hef i
rearm agains twhic hthec art
ri
dgec as e
andt hepri
merar ef orc edbac kwardswhenas hellwillbei mprint
edbyt het ool
mar ki
ngsont hebr eec hfaceoft hegun.Thi shappensbec aus
et hebas eoft he
cartr
idgecaseiss oftert hant hebr eec hfaceoft hefirearm andi tnatural
lyfol
lows
thatwhen a s ofts urfac ec omes i nc ont actwi th a har ders urface under
tremendouspr essur e,itist hes ofters urf
ac ethatisengr av edori mpr i
ntedwi th
thetoolmarkfrom thehar ders urf
ac e.

MARKSFOUNDONFRI
EDCARTRI
DGECASES

Firi
ngpi
nimpr
ession–Theindentat
ioni
nt hepr
imerofacent
er-f
ir
ecart
ri
dge
caseori
nther
im ofari
m-f
ir
ec ar
tri
dgecasecaus
ewheniti
sstr
uckbythefi
ri
ng
pin.

Breechf
aceMarki
ngs–negati
veimpres
sionoft hebr
eec
hfac
eoft
hef
ir
ear
m
foundontheheadoft
hec
artr
idgecas
eafterf
ir
ing.

ChamberMarks–indi
vi
dualmicr
oscopepl
aceduponac
art
ri
dgec
asebyt
he
chamberwal
lasar
esul
tofanyorall
ofthef
oll
owi
ng:

Chamber
ing

Ex
pandi
ngdur
ingf
ir
ing

Ex
trac
tion

Extr
actorMar
ks–Toolmarkspr
oduceduponac ar
tri
dgeorcar
tri
dgecas
efrom
contac
twitht
heex
trac
tor.
Theseareusual
l
yfoundonorjus
taheadoft
herim.
Eject
orMarks–Toolmarkc
eproduceduponacar
tri
dgeorcar
tri
dgec
aseont
he
head,gener
all
yatorneart
her
im,fr
om cont
actwi
ththeej
ect
or.

CLASS CHARACTERI
STI
CS-ar et hosechar
act
eri
sti
cswhic
h are det
erminabl
e
pri
ororbefor
ethemanufactur
eoft hef
ir
ear
m.Theseser
veasbasi
stoidenti
fya
cer
tai
nclas
sorgroupoff
irearm.

1.
Cal
i
ber

2.
Numberofl
ands

3.
Numberofgr
oves

4.
Dir
ect
ionoft
wis
t

5.
Widt
hofl
ands

6.
Widt
hofgr
oov
es

7.
Dept
hofgr
oov
es

8.
Pit
chofRi
fl
ings

I
NDI VIDUAL CHARACTERI STICS – ar e thos e charac
ter
isti
cs whi c
h ar e
determinabl
eonl yaft
ert hemanuf actur
eofthef i
rear
m.Theyar echaract
eris
tics
whos e exi
stenceis bey ond t he contr
olofman and whi ch haver andom
di
s t
ri
bution.Theirexi
stencei naf i
rearmisbroughtaboutbyt hetoolsintheir
normaloper at
ionresult
ingt hr
oughwearandt ear
,abuse,muti
lati
ons,corr
osion,
erosi
onandot herf
ortui
tousc auses.

TYPESOFRI
FLI
NGS

STEYRTYPE–Fourl andsfourgrooves,r
ighthandtwi
standl
andsorequal
widt
h(4-R-G-L)us
edi
nallear
li
ers
elf-l
oadi
ngpist
ols
.

SMITH ANDWESSON TYPE-Fi

vel
andsandf
ivegr
oov
es,r
ighthandt
wis
tand
l
andsofequal
widt
h

BROWNING TYPE–Si xlands

,si
xgr
oov
es,r
ighthandt
wis
t,nar
row l
andsand
broadgr
oov
es.(6-R-G2x
)

COLTTYPE–Si xlandsands
ixgr
oov
es,l
eft
-handt
wis
t,nar
rowl
andandbr
oad
gr
ooves
.(6-L-02x
)

WEBLEYTYPE–Sevenlandsands
evengr
oov
es,r
ighthandt
wis
t;nar
rowl
ands
andbr
oadgroov
es,
(7-R-G3x)
 ARMYTYPE-fourlandsandf
ourgr
oov
esr
ight
.Handt
wis
t;nar
row l
andand
broadgr
oov
es.(
4-R.G3x)

PRI
NCI
PLESOFI
DENTI
FICATI
ONOFBULLETS

Notwobarrelsar
emicr
oscopic
all
yidenti
calasthesurf
acesoft
hei
rbor
esal
l
pos
ses
sindi
vidual
andc
haracter
ist
icmark
ingsoft
heirown.

Whenabul l
etisfri
edf r
om ar i
fl
edbar r
el,i
tbec omesengravedbyt her i
fl
ings
andthisengravi
ngwi l
lvaryinit
smi nut
edet ai
lswit
hev er
yindivi
dualbore.Soit
happensthattheengravingsont hebull
etfi
redfrom onebarrelwil
lbediff
erent
fr
om as i
mil
arbull
etfir
edf r
om anotherbarr
el.Andconversel
y;theengrav
ingson
bull
etsf
ir
edfrom thesamebar r
elwillbethesame.

Ever
ybarrell
eavesi
tsthumbmarkonever
ybull
etwhi
chi
sfi
redthr
oughi t
,justas
ev
erybreechfac
eleavesit
sthumbmar
kont hebas
eofev
eryfi
redcar
tri
dgec ase.

TYPESOFPROBLEMS

Type1–Gi v
enabul
l
et,t
odet
ermi
net
het
ypeandmak
eoff
ir
ear
mfr
om whi
chi
t
wasfi
red.

Type2–Giv
enafir
edc
art
ri
dgec
ase,t
odet
ermi
net
het
ypeandmak
eoff
ir
ear
m
i
nwhichi
twasf
ir
ed.

Type3–Givenabul
letandas us
pec t
edf i
rear
m,t
odet
ermi
newhet
herornot
thebul
l
etwasf
ir
edf
rom thes
uspectedfi
rearm.

Ty
pe4–Gi venafir
edc art
ri
dgecaseandasus
pectedfi
rearm,todet
ermi
ne
whet
herornotthec
artr
idgecasewasf
ir
edi
nthes
uspect
edfirear
m.

Type5–Giv
ent
woormor
ebul
l
ets
,todet
ermi
newhet
herornott
heywer
efi
red
fr
om t
hes
amefi
rear
m.

Type6–Giventwoormor
et r
iedcar
tri
dgec
ases
,todet
ermi
newhet
herornot
theywer
efi
redi
nthes
amefi
rearm.

SOLUTI
ONSOFPROBLEMS

Fi
rstt
ypeofpr
obl
em:Giv
enabul
l
et,t
odet
ermi
net
het
ypeandmak
eoff
ir
ear
m
fr
om whi
chi
twasf
ir
ed.
The solut
ion ofprobl
emsofthistype i
slimit
ed t
o bul
l
etswhi
ch hav
e notbeen
subj
ectedt oexc
ess
ivedef
ormat
ionormuti
lat
ion.

Therear edev i
ceswi thwhi chi tispos sibletof i
r eac artr
idgeoft hes amec ali
ber,but
smallerins i
zet hant hec ar tr
idget owhi cht hef i
rear mi sadapt ed,andot herdev i
ces
enablet hefi
ringofac art
ridgeofs mal l
erc ali
bert hant hec artridget owhi chthefir
earm
i
sadapt ed.Themagaz i
nesoft heLugeraut omat icpi st
ols,c aliber30( 1.
65mm. )and
cali
ber9mm. ,ar einterchangeabl eandi tispos si
blet of i
reac aliber.30Lugerc ar
tri
dge.
Anex aminati
onoft hebul letwi l
lindic
at ewhet heritwasf i
redf r
om af i
rearm witha
smoot hbor eorr i
fl
edbar rel.Ifthebul l
etwasf i
redf rom ar ifl
edbar rel,groov eswillbe
foundi nthec yli
ndr i
cals urfac eoft hebul l
etwhi chwer efor medbyt hel andsint he
barrel.Thedi amet eroft hebul letwilli
ndi catethec aliberoft hef ir
ear mf r
om whi chit
wasf ired.Thec lassc harac teri
sticsoft hebul letmayi ndicatet hes izeoft hec art
ridge
from whi chitwas ,fired.Ins omec asesi tispos sibl
et odet ermi newhet herornott he
bull
etwasf i
redf rom ar ev olver.Thet ypeofbul letmaygi vei nfor mat ionr elati
ngtot he
typeandmak eoff ir
ear mf rom whi chitwasf i
red.

As tudyand c omparison oft hes peci

fi
cati
onsofmanymanuf acturer
s ,both
Amer i
canandf or
eign,indic
ates uf
fi
c i
entvari
ati
oni ntheit
emsment i
onedabov e
toadoptt hem asc lasscharacteri
sti
cs,andthisadopt i
onismadenec essar
yby
thefactthattheseitemsar etheonlyonesi nreferencetowhichinformationc an
beobt ainedfrom t hes i
gnatureoft hebul l
et.Int hi
sconnecti
oni ts houldbe
notedt hatcertai
nmanuf act
urershaveint hepastmadec hangesint heirri
fl
ing
specif
icati
ons,andmanuf act
urersmaymak echangesinthefuture.That

Anex tensi
vec oll
ect
ionofstandardsofc omparisoni sprobabl
yoffargreater
value tothe invest
igat
orthan a c ol
lec
tion ofr i
fl
ing cheapl
ymanufac
tured
fi
rearmswhi c
hf oundthei
rwayintothiscountr
ys omey earsagoandf
orwhi chit
wouldpr obablybeimpossi
bletoobtainri
fl
ingspecif
icati
on:

Standardsofc omparis
on hav eaf urtheradvantagei nt hattheinv
esti
gator
becomesf amil
iarwit
hc ert
ainc harac t
eris
tic
sofpar t
icul
art ypesandmak eof
fi
rearmsfrom astudyoft hesestandar ds,andfurt
hermor e,hebecomesfamil
iar
withthevari
ati
onsac t
uallyfoundi nt helandandgr oovewi dthsonbull
etsf
ir
ed
fr
om fir
earmsofapar t
iculartypeandmak e.

Sec
ondtypeofprobl
em:Giv
enafi
redc
art
ri
dgec
ase,t
odet
ermi
net
het
ypeand
makeoff
ir
ear
mi nwhichi
twasf
ir
ed.

Anexaminati
onoft
hef
ir
edc
art
ri
dgec
asedev
elopsi
nfor
mat
ionwi
thr
egar
dto
thef
oll
owing:

Ty
peofammuni
ti
on:pi
n-f
ir
e,r
im-f
ir
e,orc
ent
er-f
ir
e.
Cal
i
berorgage.

Paperormet
alc
ase.

Head:r
immedorr
iml
ess
.

I
nthecaseofmet al
li
cammuniti
on,thesizeofthecart
ri
dge,ifnoti
ndi
catedby
t
hestampi
ngont hehead,mustbedeterminedfrom t
hesiz
eands hapeofthe
c
art
ri
dgecase.Thishasi
tsli
mit
ati
onsinthatthesamecasemaybeus edinmore
t
hanonesiz
eofc art
ri
dge.

I
faf i
redcar
tri
dgec as
eprovestobethatofac art
ridgeadaptedtobutonet ype
andmak eoff i
rear
m,theprobl
em i
ss ol
ved;i
fnot,t hent
hec l
assc haract
eri
sti
cs
ofthetypeandmak eoffi
rear
minwhi chthec ar
tridgecas
ewasf ir
edmus tbe
det
erminedfrom ananal
ysi
softhef
irear
m’ssi
gnat ureonthec ar
tri
dgec ase.

When a c artri
dgei sfired,t hepr ess
uredev eloped bythepowdergas esis
exert
edinalldirect
ions.Thec artri
dgec as
eisex pandedinthechamber,bri
nging
theconvexs urf
aceoft hec artri
dgec as
eintointi
mat econt
actwit
hthes ur
faceof
thechamber ,thuss eal
ingt hec hamberandpr eventi
ngtheescapeofgas esto
therear.I
ns omef i
rearmst heheadoft hecartri
dgec as
eisforceagainstthe
breechi
ngf ace;ins omer ev olversitisforcedagai ns
tthesurf
aceoft herecoi
l
plat
e.

Anex ami nati

onofav ari
etyoft ypesandmak esofs mal larmsi ndicatesmany
possi
bi l
iti
es f or establi
shing per ti
nent cl
assc haracteri
sti
cs.For i nstance,
dif
ferenc esar efoundt oex i
stint hedesignandc ons t
ructi
onofbr eec hblocks
andr ec oilplates
.Somemanuf act
urershaveadopt edhand-t oolormac hini
ng
operat i
onswhi ch are differ
entf rom those used byot hermanuf ac t
urersin
produc i
ngt hebreechingf ace;thesebecomeev identfrom anex aminat i
onoft he
breeching-f aceimpr essi
onont heheadofaf iredc ar
tridgec ase.Inc enter-f
ir
e
ammuni ti
on,apar toft hebr eechingfaceimpr ess
ionnor mallyappear sont he
baseoft hepr i
merc up.

As tudy ofv ar
ious types off ir
ing pins develops furtheri nformat
ion,for
establi
shingc las
sc haracteri
sti
cs.In,fi
rear
msadapt edt or i
m-f i
reammuni ti
on,
thes iz
eands hapeoft heimpr essi
onmadeont heheadoft hec asebythenos e
oft hef i
ring pin arec l
assc haracter
ist
ics
.I nfi
rearmsadapt ed t ocenter
-fi
re
ammuni t
ion,diff
erencesar efoundt oex i
stinthet ype,diamet er,andshapeof
nos eofthef i
ri
ngpi n,andint hehand-tool andmac hini
ngoper ationsinc
identto
theirmanuf actur
e.

Ot
herc
las
schar
act
eri
sti
csar
eroundi
nthes
izeands
hapeoft
hehol
eint
he
br
eechbl
ockorrecoi
lplat
ethr
oughwhi
cht
hef
ir
ingpi
norhammers
tri
kes
,and
i
ntheangleofper
cussi
on.

Cartr
idgec asesfiredinaut omat i
cf i
rearmss howmor emar k
s ,defor
mat ions,and
i
mpr essions t han t o.Thos ef i
red i nr ev olver
s,and t herefore off
ergr eater
possibil
i
ties:fordet erminingt hec lassc haracteri
sti
csoft hef i
rearmi nwhi cht hey
weref i
red.Aut omat i
c( auto-loadi ng) pi st
ols diff
er bot h in des ign and
constructi
on.Per t
inentc l
as sc haracterist
icsar efoundi nt her el
ativ
epos iti
onof
theex tr
ac t
orandt heejector.Thes urfacebr oughtinc ont actwiththet opoft he
headoft heupper mos tcar t
ridgei nt hemagaz i
ne,inthepr ocessoff orcingt he
cart
ridgeoutoft hemagaz i
nei ntot hec hamber ,l
eavesi tsmar kont heheadof
thec art
ridgec ase.Ther elativepos i
tionoft hismarkont heheadoft hef ired
cart
ridge eas e wi t hreferenc et ot he mar ksproduc ed by t he ej
ec torand
extr
ac t
orf urnishesani mpor tantc lassc haracteri
sti
cs.

I
ntheprac
ticalsol
ut i
onofthisprobl
em anext
ensi
vec ol
l
ect
ionofs t
andar
dsof
c
ompari
sonc onsis
tingofcartr
idgecasesf
ir
edfrom k
nownty pesandmakesof
f
ir
ear
mswillbefoundi nv
aluabl
e.

Fourt
htypeofprobl
em:Gi
venafi
redcar
tri
dgecaseandasuspect
edfi
rearm,t
o
deter
minewhet
herornott
hecar
tri
dgecasewasfi
redi
nthesuspect
edf
irearm.

Tosolet hefourthtypeofpr obl

em,theproc edureisessenti
all
ythes amei n
pri
nci
pleast hatfol
l
owedi nthes ol
uti
onoft
het hirdtypeofproblem,exceptthat
thephaser el
ati
onoft heelementsdoesnotappl y.I
nsteadofaphas erelati
onit
i
st herelat
ivepos i
ti
onoft heelementsofthes i
gnatureont hec ar
tri
dgec ase
whichplaysani mportantpartassetfor
thi
nt hes oluti
onofthes econdt y
peof
probl
em.

Cartr
idgecas esf
iredi nt hes uspec t
edfir
earm ar eus edast hes t
andardsof
comparison,andammuni ti
onoft hes amemanuf acturerast hatoft hegiven
cart
ri
dgeeas es houl
dpr eferablybeus ed.Bef
or eanyc artri
dgesareus edfortes
t
purposestheys houl
dbec areful
lyex aminedf ors c
ratchesandot herblemis
hes
whichmaybef oundont hec artr
idgec asesalltypesofammuni t i
onaswel lason
thepri
mer si
nc enter
-fir
eammuni ti
ons .

Eac
hel ementofthesi
gnatur
ei st
her esult
anteffec
tofeitheraperti
nentcl
ass
oraccident
alchar
act
eri
sti
csofthefi
rearm.Somev ar
iat
ionsinthesi
gnaturecan
beattri
butedtocondi
ti
onsexist
inginthef i
rear
m andpl ayinthemov i
ngpar t
s
whereasother
sarecaus
edbyt henonuni for
mityinammuni t
ioningeneral
.

Thi
sref
erencepointser
vestodet
erminet
herel
ati
vepos
iti
onsoftheel
ements
whi
charetheresul
tanteff
ectofc
ontact
satorneart
heperi
meteroftheheadof
t
hec art
ri
dgeease,aswellast
herelat
iveposi
ti
onsoftheel
ementsontheconv
ex
s
urfaceofthecart
ridgecasewhi
c haretheresul
tantef
fec
tofcontac
tswitht
he
i
nteri
orsurf
aceoft
hec hamberorwi t
hthesharpedgesofthemagazi
nes.

Iftherequis
iteagr eementi ncl
as scharacter i
sti
csisfoundt oex i
standt he
r
eferencepointises tabl
ishedont hegi venc artri
dgec ase,thenex tstepisto
c
ompar ethesi
gnat uresont woormor et estc art
ridgecasest odeterminethe
i
dentiti
esandtor ec
onc il
et hedi
ver
siti
es.Thisres ol
vesit
selfi
ntoac ompar i
sonof
t
heel ementsoccupy i
ngthes amerelati
vepos i
tioni ntwosignatures
.

Thisc ompar i
son hav i
ng been c ompl et ed,t he nex ts t
ep i stoc ompar ethe
signatur eonthegi v enc art
ridgec asewi tht hes i
gnatur eonat estcartr
idgec ase,
det erminingthec ongr uenc esandr econc il
ingt hei nc ongr uences.Ther el
ati
ve
pos it
ion oft he el ement si nt he:t wo s i
gnatures hav ing been pr ev i
ousl
y
es t
ablishedbyt heagr eementi nc lassc har ac t
eris
tic
s,i tnec es s
ari
lyfoll
ow;t hatif
allthei ncongruencesc anber econc il
e,t hent hesignat ureont hegivenc artri
dge
cas eisi dent
if
iedwi ththes ignat ureoft hes uspectedf i
rearm,pr ovidedt hatthe
congr uenc esestablishani ndividualpec uli
ar i
ty.Obv ious l
y,i fanyineongr uence
cannotber econciled,t hent hegi venc artridgec asei snoti denti
fiedwi ththe
signatur eofthes us pectedf ir
earms .ForEx ampl e,adi fferenc einoneel ementof
thepat ternofthebr eec hi
ngf ac ei mpr es si
onwoul dbeani ncongruencewhi ch
coul dnotber ec onc i
led.

The r
eproducti
on ofa f i
ri
ng-pi
ni mpr
essi
on inthe pri
merwhi
chisa
compar
isonofthefi
ri
ng-pini
mpressi
onsoncar
tri
dgecas
esfi
redint
wodi
ff
erent
Smit
handWes sonRevolv
ers,
cali
ber.
38S.&W. Sp1.

Fif
thtypeofpr
oblem:Gi
vent
woormorebul
l
ets
,todet
ermi
newhet
herornot
theyweref
ir
edfr
om thes
amefi
rear
m.

I
twi l
lbeas sumedt hatac ompar i
sonoft hebul letsindi
catesthattheywer eal
l
fi
redf r
om firearmswi t
ht hes amec l
asschar acterist
ics.Tosolvethef i
ft
ht y
peof
problem undert hesec ondi t
ions,anyoneoft hebul l
etsistakenast hestandard
ofc ompar i
sonandt hes amepr oc
edureasi nt hes oluti
onoft hethirdtypeof
problem isfoll
owed.Ifnoneoft hesi
gnaturesc anbei denti
fi
edwi t
ht hestandard
ofcompar i
son,thenthel at t
eriseli
minatedandt hes amepr ocedureisrepeated
withther emai ni
ngbul lets.Thisprocessisc ontinuedasmanyt imesasmaybe
necessarytos olvet
hepr oblem.

Si
xthty
peofprobl
em:Giv
entwoormor ef
ir
edc
artr
idge,c
art
ri
dgec
ases
,to
det
ermi
newhet
hernott
heywer
efi
redi
nthes
amef
ir
earm.

I
twi
l
lbeas
sumedt
hatac
ompar
isonoft
hec
art
ri
dgec
asesi
ndi
cat
est
hatt
hey
 wereallfi
xedinf i
rearmswiththesamec l
asscharacteri
sti
cs.Tosolvethes i
xth
typeofproblem underthesecondit
ions
,anyoneoft hec art
ridgecasesistaken
asthestandardofc omparis
onandt hesameprocedureasi nt hes
oluti
onoft he
four
thtypeofpr oblem i
sfol
lowed.I
fnoneofthesignaturescanbet hestandard
ofcomparison,t
hent helat
teri
seli
minat
ed,and

CHAPTER8

PROCEDUREATTHESCENEOFTHESHOOTI
NG

Thef i
rstdutyistoclearthepr emisesofal lpers
onss ot hatani ntel
li
gentinvesti
gation
canbec arr
iedout.Topr operl
yinves ti
gat ethec i
rcumstanc esisnotamat teroff i
veor
tenmi nutesbuti trequiresthatadef initeroutineshal lnotbedoneorf ol
lowedi f
mistakesar et o be avoided. Thi ngss hould be done whi ch may appearwhol l
y
unneces s
aryatt i
me,butonl ytobec omev i
tal
lyimport
antl at
er.Onec annev erforesee
the anglest hatwilldev el
op later,and i tisf arbet tert o do a hundr ed things
unneces s
aril
ythant omi ssdoingonet hatmi ghtmeant hes ol
uti
onoft hec ase.The
vic
timisdeadandwi l
lstaydeadf orev er
. Theoffi
cermaybei mportunedbyr eportersor
otherstodot hingswhichhei snoty ethappyt odogi v
es tatementstothepr essort o
drawc onclusi
ons.

I
nspit
eofallpers
uasion,heshoul
dbearinmi ndthatther
ei sonepur
pos
eandone
pur
poseonl
y,andthatistocar
ryoutani
ntel
l
igenti
nvest
igat
ion.

Uponr ecei
vi
ngac allt
othes ceneofthes hoot i
ng,theof f
icershouldalwaystakealong
al oose-leafnotebookandpent omak enot esatthet i
meandont heplaceandnot
trusthismemor ytor econs
tructthes i
tuationathi sfuturec onvenience.whent he
offic
eri ssummonedons uchaner r
and,hi spr ocedureshouldf ol
low alogicalpatt
er n.
Hisobs er
vati
onsshouldbeputi nwr i
ti
ngatt hetimeofhi sinvest
igati
onf orfuture
referenceandt oproduceincourti
fnecess ar
y .Thesestepsar easfoll
ows .

1.Noteac
cur
atel
yinwr
it
ingt
het
imet
hec
allwasr
ecei
vedandbywhom i
twas
sent
.

2.Noteacc
uratelytheti
meofar ri
valont hesceneandthec or
rectaddress.These
fi
rstt
wo it
emsmays eem to betri
vial,butiti
samaz i
ng how i
nc ourtthey
becomeofv i
talimpor
tance.I
tisnotunc ommont hattheoff
iceri
sunabl etof i
x
theti
meaccuratel
ywithi
nanhourt othes at
isf
act
ionofthecourt
,orjury.

3.Theinvest
igat
ions
houl
das c
ert
aini
fthev i
cti
misdead.Andi
fnot
,summon
medicalai
dorbr i
ngthev
ict
imtoahospit
al.Other
wis
e,t
hebodywoul
dnotbe
di
stur
bed.

4.I
mmedi
atel
ycl
eart
hepr
emi
sesofal
lbys
tanderandundernoc
irc
ums
tanc
es
 al
l
owany
onet
otouc
horr
emov
eany
thi
ngi
nthev
ici
nit
y.

5.
Useev
eryef
for
tandmeanst
oident
if
ythedec
eas
ed.

6.Takethenamesandaddres
sesofal
lwitness
esandt
akewr
it
tennot
esont
he
st
atementsofasmanyper
sonsaspr
acti
cable.

7.Meas
urewithatapetheexac
tdist
anc
eoft
hebodywi
tht
her
elat
iont
othe
pr
ev i
ous
lyment
ionedf
ixt
uresoft
hepremi
ses
.

8.Exami
nethec ei
l
ing,fl
oor
s and fur
nit
uref
orbul
l
ethol
es,bl
oods
tai
ns,f
ir
ed
bul
let
s,f
ir
edshel
l
sors hot
gunwaddi
ng.

9.I
fther
eisa f
ir
ear
m att
he s
cene,he s
houl
d not
ein wr
it
ing t
he f
oll
owi
ng
obs
erv
ati
ons
.

a.Ex
act
lywher
efound

b.Typeofweapon-aut
omat
icpi
stolorr
evol
ver
,ri
fl
eors
hot
gun,c
ali
berorgauge
desi
gnat
ion.

c
.Taketheser
ialnumberandattheti
mehes houl
dmar
khi
sini
ti
al
sont
hebut
tor
f
rameoft
heweaponf orfut
urei
dent
ifi
cat
ions.

10.Atthecri
mes cene,not
edownwher etheempt yshells
,bulletand/orfi
rear
ms
werefound and mak ea diagram toill
ustr
atet hes amet os how t
hei
rrelat
ive
dis
tancefr
om thebodyoft hev i
cti
m photographifpos si
ble.11.Marktheempt y
cart
ri
dgecasesins
ideorneart hePhotographi fpos
sible.mouthbys crat
chi
ngt he
i
niti
al
softheinv
esti
gator

12.Markthebull
etattheogiv
e( ornos
e)byscrat
chi
ngortheini
ti
al
soft
hevi
cti
m.
theinv
esti
gat
or'
si ni
ti
al
sorinit
ialsoft
hevic
tim,butdef
ini
tel
yNOTatt her
if
li
ng
marks(l
andmark
sandgr oov
emar k s
)

13.Marktheempt
yshotguns hel
l
swi
thi
ndel
i
blei
nkatt
hebody
.14.Thebar
relof
thef
ir
earm mus
tbemark
edt oo.

15.Af termar k
ing the emptys hel
l
s and bul
l
ets
,wr ap them separatel
y and
i
ndividual
lywithsoftti
ssuepaperandnotedownont hewr apperwhereeac hto
avoid being wasf ound,the t
ime and dat
e.The purpos
e ofwr apping them
separatel
yisscr
atc
hed.

16.Whenanempt yshel
lisf
oundatt
hesceneofthec
rime,t
hepr
esumpt
ioni
san
Automat
icPi
stol
orAutomati
cWeaponwasused.

17.Whennoempt
yshel
lisf
oundatt
hes
ceneoft
hec
rime,t
hepr
esumpt
ioni
sa
Rev
olv
erwasus
ed.

18.I
nt hebor
eofabarr
el,t
hedepr
ess
edpor
ti
onsar
ethegr
oov
esandt
her
ais
ed
port
ionsar
ethel
ands
.

19.Onafir
edbul
l
et,i
tistherev
ers
e.Thel
andmar
ks.Ar
edepr
ess
edpor
ti
ons
,and
thegr
oov
emarksaret
herais
edport
ions
.

20.Todet er
minetherealdi
rect
ionoftheri
fl
i
ngtwi
sti
nar i
fl
edbarrel
,peepthrough
thebarrelpl
aceal andorgrooveonthetopandlookawayfrom y
ou.Ifthelandor
thegrooveincl
inestotheri
ght,
thenithasari
ghtt
wis
t,andi
fiti
ncli
nestothe

21.Todet er
minet hedi rect
ionofthet wi
stofabull
et,l
ookont hebul
leti
nan
el
ongatedpos i
ti
on.Ifthelandsandgroovesinc
li
net
otheri
ght
,thenther
if
li
ngtwi
st
i
sright
.Ift
heincli
nationislef
t,t
heni
tisleft
.

22.
Iti
sther
if
li
ngoft
hebor
ethatmar
ksaf
ir
edbul
l
et.

23.Afir
edbulletwil
lacquir
ethecl
asschar
act
eri
sti
csoftheboreofthebarrelfr
om
whi
chitwasf ir
ed.Therefor
e,ifaborehascl
asscharac
teri
sti
csofa.45c ali
ber,6
l
ands,6grooves,r
ighttwist
,gr
oovewidert
hanthelandsuchc har
act
eri
sti
cswillbe
mark
edont hebulleti
ffi
red.

24.So,ifafatalbul
letwi
llhav
et hesamec l
asschar
acteri
sti
csast heboreoft
he
suspect
edgunl eft
,thentherif
li
ngtwis
tisleft
.thenitispos s
ibl
et hatt
hebul
let
couldhavebeenfir
edfrom t
hesuspec
tedfi
rear
m orgun.

25.Todet ermi
nedefi
nitel
yifthebul
l
etabovewasfir
edornotf
rom t
hesuspect
ed
gun,thent hecas
emus tbes entt
oaForens
icBal
l
ist
icsEx
per
twhowil
lconductt
he
properexaminati
ons
.

26.Iftwo bull
etsdo nothav
et he s
ame cl
asschar
act
eri
sti
cs,def
ini
tel
y and
conc
lus
ivel
ythebull
etswer
eNOTfi
redf
rom t
hebar
rel
.

Pr
esi
dent
ial
Dec
reeNo.
1866 J
une29,
1983

AmendedbyRA9516“
Sec
tion3and4”

CODIFYI
NG THE LAWS ON ILLEGAL/
UNLAWFUL POSSESSI
ON,MANUFACTURE,
DEALING I
N,ACQUISITI
ON OR DISPOSI
TION,OF FI
REARMS,AMMUNITI
ON OR
EXPLOSI
VES OR INSTRUMENTS USED I
N THE MANUFACTURE OF FI
REARMS,
AMMUNI TI
ONOREXPLOSI VES,ANDIMPOSINGSTI
FFERPENALTI
ESFORCERTAI
N
VI
OLATIONSTHEREOFANDFORRELEVANTPURPOSES”

Sec
tion1.Unl
awf
ulManuf
act
ure,Sal
e,Ac
qui
si
ti
on,Di
spos
iti
onorPos
ses
sionof
Fir
earmsorAmmuni ti
onorI ns
trument sUs edorIntendedt obeUs edi nt he
Manuf ac
tureofFir
earmsofAmmuni tion.Thepenalt
yofr ecl
usi
ontempor ali
ni t
s
max i
mum per i
odtoreclus i
onper petuas hal
lbeimpos eduponanyper sonwho
shal
lunlawfull
ymanufac ture,dealin,ac qui
re,di
spose,orposses
sanyf ir
earm,
partoffi
rearm,ammunitionormac hinery,t
oolori
nstrumentusedorintendedt o
beus edinthemanufactureofanyf irearm orammunition.

I
fhomi c
ideormurderi
sc ommitt
edwi
tht
heus
eofanunl
i
cens
edf
ir
ear
m,t
he
penal
tyofdeat
hshal
lbeimposed.

I
fthevi
olati
onofthisSect
ioni
sinfur
ther
anceof
,orinci
dentt
o,ori
nc onnec
tion
wi
ththec r
imesofrebel
li
on,i
nsur
rect
ionors
ubver
sion,t
hepenal
tyofdeathshal
l
beimposed.

Thepenal t
yofr ecl
usiontempor alinit
smax imum peri
odt orecl
usi
onper pet ua
shallbe i mpos ed upon t he owner,pr esi
dent
,manager ,direct
ororot her
responsibleoffi
cerofanypubl icorpr i
vatefi
rm,company,corporat
ionorent ity
,
whos hallwil
l
fullyork nowingl
yallow anyoft hefi
rear
msownedbys uc
hf irm,
company ,corporati
onorent i
tytobeus edbyanyper sonorper s
onsf ound
guilt
yofv iol
ati
ngt hepr ov
isi
onsoft heprecedi
ngparagraphs.

Thepenal
tyofpri
si
onmay ors
hallbeimpos
eduponanypers
onwhos hal
lcar
ry
anyl
ic
ensedfi
rear
m out
sidehi
sresi
dencewi
thoutl
egal
aut
hori
tyt
her
efor
.

Sec
tion2.
Pres
umpt
ionofI
l
legal
Manuf
act
ureofFi
rear
msorAmmuni
ti
on

The poss
essi
on ofany mac hiner
y,toolori nstr
umentused dir
ectlyi nthe
manufact
ure offi
rear
msorammuni t
ion,byanyper son whose businessor
employmentdoes notl awf ul
l
y dealwi ththe manufact
ure off i
rearms or
ammuniti
on,shal
lbepr imaf acieevi
dencethats uchar
ti
cl
eisintendedt obe
usedintheunlawful
/i
ll
egalmanuf act
ureoff i
rear
msorammuni ti
on.Sec ti
on3.
Unlawf
ulManufact
ure,Sales
,Acquisi
ti
on,Dis
pos i
ti
onorPoss
essi
onofEx plosi
ves
.

Secti
on3.Unl
awf
ulManuf
act
ure,Sal
es,Ac
qui
si
ti
on,Di
spos
iti
onorPos
ses
sionof
Ex
plosi
ves
.

Thepenal t
yofr eclusiont
empor alinit
smax imum periodt orecl
usionper petua
shal
lbei mposeduponanyper sonwhos hallunlawful
lymanuf act
ure,assembl e,
dealin,acquir
e,dis poseorpos ses
shandgrenade( s
),ri
fl
egr enade(s)andot her
expl
os i
ves,incl
uding butnotl i
mited to“phil
boxbombs ”,“molotov cocktail
bomb” ,“fir
e-bombs ”
,or ot her inc
endiar
y dev ices capable of pr oduci
ng
dest
ructiv
e effecton c ont
iguousobj ect
sorc ausing i
njuryordeat ht o any
pers
on.1awphi1©I TC
Anypersonwhocommitsanyofthecr
imesdef
inedi
ntheRev i
sedPenalCodeor
spec
iall
awswit
htheuseoftheafor
ementi
onedexpl
osi
ves,det
onati
onagentsor
i
ncendi
arydevi
ces
,whic
hr esul
tsi
nthedeathofanypers
onorper sonsshal
lbe
puni
shedwit
hthepenal
tyofdeath.

I
fthevi
olati
onofthisSect
ioni
sinfur
ther
anceof
,orinci
dentt
o,ori
nc onnec
tion
wi
ththec r
imesofrebel
li
on,i
nsur
rect
ionors
ubver
sion,t
hepenal
tyofdeathshal
l
beimposed.

Thepenal t
yofr ecl
usiontempor ali
nitsmaximum per
iodt orecl
usi
onper pet ua
shallbe i mpos ed upon t he owner,presi
dent
,manager ,direct
ororot her
responsibleoffi
cerofanypubl icorpri
vatefi
rm,company ,corporat
ionorent ity
,
whos hal
lwi l
l
ful
lyork nowinglyall
owanyoft heexpl
osivesownedbys uc
hf irm,
company ,corporati
onorent i
tytobeus edbyanyper sonorper s
onsf ound
guilt
yofv iol
ati
ngt heprovisi
onsoftheprecedi
ngparagraphs .

Sec
tion4.
Pres
umpt
ionofUnl
awf
ulManuf
act
ure.

The possessi
on ofany mac hi
ner
y,toolorinstr
umentdi rect
ly used i
nt he
manufac
tureofex pl
osiv
es ,byanypersonwhosebusinessoremploy mentdoes
notlawfull
y dealwitht he manufac
ture ofexpl
osivesshallbe pr i
ma fac i
e
evi
dencet hats uch ar
ticl
ei sint
ended to be used inthe unl awful
/i
ll
egal
manufac
tureofex pl
osi
ves.

Sec
tion5.
Tamper
ingofFi
rear
m’sSer
ial
Number
.

Thepenal
tyofpris
ion mayorshal
lbeimpos
ed upon anypers
on who s
hal
l
unl
awf
ull
ytamper
,change,def
aceorer
aset
heser
ial
numberofanyfi
rear
m.

Sect
ion 6.Repac
king orAl
ter
ing t
heCompos
iti
on ofLawf
ull
yManuf
act
ured
Expl
osi
ves.

Thepenal t
yofpr is
ion may
orshallbeimposed upon anyperson who shal
l
unlawful
lyrepac
k,al
terormodi
fythecomposi
ti
onofanyl awf
ull
ymanufactured
explos
ives.

Sec
tion 7.Unauthor
ized Is
suance of Aut
hor
it
yto Car
ry Fi
rear
m and/
or
Ammuniti
onOutsi
deofResidence.

Thepenalt
yofpri
sioncor
recci
onalshal
lbei
mpos eduponanyper
son,c
ivi
l
ianor
mil
itar
y,whoshal
li
s s
ueauthor
itytocarr
yfi
rear
m and/orammuni
ti
onouts
ideof
res
idence,
wit
houtauthor
it
ytheref
or.

Sec
tion8.
Rul
esandRegul
ati
ons
.–TheChi
efoft
hePhi
l
ippi
neCons
tabul
arys
hal
l
pr
omulgat
ether
ulesandr
egul
ati
onsf
ort
heef
fec
tiv
eimpl
ement
ati
onoft
his
Decr
ee.

Sec
tion9.RepealingClause.–Thepr ov
isi
onsofRepubli
cActNo.4,Presi
denti
al
Decree No.9,Pr esi
dentialDec r
ee No.1728 and alll
aws,decrees,order
s,
i
nstr
ucti
ons ,r
ulesandr egulat
ionswhichareincons
ist
entwit
hthisDec r
eeare
her
ebyr epeal
ed,amendedormodi fi
edaccor
dingl
y.

Sect
ion10.Ef
fec
tiv
ity
.– Thi
sDecrees hal
ltakeef
fectaf
terfi
ft
een(
15)day
s
fol
l
owingthec
ompleti
onofit
spubl
i
c at
ionintheOf
fi
cial
Gazet
te.

DoneintheCit
yofManil
a,thi
s29thdayofJ
une,i
nthey
earofOurLor
d,
ni
net
eenhundr
edandei
ghty
-thr
ee.

Republ
i
cAc
tNo.
8294

J
une6,
1997

ANACTAMENDI NGTHEPROVI SI
ONSOFPRESI DENTIALDECREENO.1866,AS
AMENDED, ENTITLED " CODI
FYING THE LAWS ON I LLEGAL/
UNLAWFUL
POSSESSI
ON,MANUFACTURE,DEALI NGI N,ACQUISI
TION ORDISPOSI
TION OF
FI
REARMS,AMMUNI TI
ON OR EXPLOSIVES OR INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE
MANUFACTUREOFFI REARMS,AMMUNI TI
ONOREXPLOSI VES,ANDI MPOSING
STI
FFERPENALTI
ESFORCERTAI NVIOLATIONSTHEREOF,ANDFORRELEVANT
PURPOSES"

SECTION 1.Sec
tion1ofPresi
dent
ialDec
reeNo.1866,asamended,i
sher
eby
fur
theramendedt or
eadasfol
l
ows:

"SECTION 1. Unlawf ulManuf acture,Sal e,Acquisiti

on,Di s
pos it
ionorPos session
ofFi r
earmsorAmmuni ti
on orI nstrumentsUs ed orI ntended t o beUs ed in
theManuf acture of Fi rearms or Ammuni t
ion. – The penal ty of pr i
sion
correcci
onali nit
smax imum per iodandaf ineofnotl esst hanFi f
teent housand
pesos (P15, 000)s hallbe i mpos ed upon any per son who s hallunlawf ull
y
manuf act
ur e,dealin,acquire,dispos e,orpos sessanyl owpower edf i
rearm, such
asr i
mf i
rehandgun,. 380or. 32andot herfi
rear m ofsimi l
arfir
epower ,partof
fi
rearm,ammuni ti
on,ormac hiner y,toolori nstrumentus edori ntendedt obe
usedint hemanuf ac t
ureofanyf i
rear m orammuni ton:Pr
i ovi
ded,Thatnoot her
cri
mewasc ommi t
ted.

"
Thepenal yofpr
t i
sonmayori ni
tsminimum peri
odandaf ineofThi
rt
ythousand
pesos(P30,000)shallbei mposedift hefir
earmisclassi
fi
edashighpower ed
fi
rear
m whichi nc
ludesthosewi t
hbor esbiggeri
ndiameterthan.38cali
berand
9mi l
l
imetersuchasc al
iber.40,.
41,
.44, .
45andalsol
essercali
ber
edfi
rearms660
butconsi
deredpowerf
ulsuchasc al
i
ber.357andcal
i
ber.22cent
erf
ir
emagnum
andotherfi
rear
mswithfi
ringcapabil
it
yofful
laut
omaticandbybur
stoftwoor
t ee:Pr
hr ovided,however
,Thatnoot hercr
imewasc ommitt
edbyt heper
son
arr
est
ed.

"I
fhomic
ideormurderiscommit
tedwiththeuseofanunl
icens
edfi
rearm,such
useofanunl
ic
ens
edf i
rear
ms hal
lbeconsi
deredasanaggr
avati
ngc
ircumstanc
e.

"
Ift
hev iolati
onofthisSecti
onisinfurt
heranceoforincidentto,orinconnect
ion
wit
ht hec r
imeofr ebell
i
onori nsurr
ecti
on,s edi
ti
on,orat t
empt edcoupd'etat
,
suchv i
olati
ons hal
lbeabs or
bedasanel ementoft hec ri
meofr ebel
l
ion,or
i
nsurr
ect i
on, s
edi
ti
on, oratt
emptedc oupd'etat.

"
The s ame penal tys hal
lbe i mpos ed upon t he owner ,president,manager ,
dir
ec t
ororot herrespons i
bleof f
icerofanypubl icorpr i
vatef i
rm,c ompany ,
corporati
onorent i
ty,whos hal
lwi l
l
full
york nowinglyal l
ow anyoft hefir
earms
ownedbys uc hfi
rm,c ompany ,cor
por at
ionorent i
tytobeus edbyanyper sonor
personsfoundgui lt
yofv i
olati
ngt hepr ov
isi
onsoft hepr ecedingpar agraphsor
wil
lful
lyork nowinglyallow anyoft hem tous eunlicensedf i
rearmsorf ir
earms
wit
houtanyl egalauthorit
ytobec arri
edoutsideoft heirres
idenc einthec our
se
oftheiremploy ment.

"Thepenalyofar
t res
tomayorshal
lbeimpos
eduponanypers
onwhos hal
lcar
ry
anyli
censedfi
rear
m out
sidehi
sresi
dencewi
thoutl
egal
aut
hor
it
yther
efor
e."

SEC.2.Sec
tion3ofPresi
dent
ialDec
reeNo.1866,asamended,i
sher
ebyf
urt
her
amendedtor eadasf
oll
ows:

"SEC.3. Unl
awf ulManuf act
ure,Sal e,Acquisi
tion,Di spos i
tion orPos session
ofExplosives
.–Thepenal tyofprisionmayorini tsmax imum per iodtoreclusion
tempor alandaf i
neofnotl esst hanFiftythous andpes os( P50,000)shallbe
i
mpos eduponanyper sonwhos hallunl
awfull
ymanuf acture,as semble,deali n,
acquire,di s
pos e orpos sess hand gr enade(s),r i
fl
e gr enade( s),and ot her
explosives,i
nc l
udi
ngbutnotl imitedt o'pi
ll
box,''molotovc ocktailbombs ,
''fi
re
bombs ,
'orot heri
ncendiarydevicesc apableofpr oduc i
ngdes tructi
veeffecton
contiguousobj ect
sorcaus i
nginjuryordeat htoanyper son.

"
Whenaper soncommitsanyofthec r
imesdefi
nedintheRev i
sedPenalCodeor
speci
allawswit
htheus eoft
heaforementi
onedexplos
ives,detonati
onagentsor
i
ncendiarydevi
ces,whi
chresul
tsi
nt hedeathofanyper s
onorper s
ons,t
heus e
ofsuchex pl
osi
ves,det
onati
onagentsorincendi
arydevicesshallbecons
idered
asanaggr
avat
ingc
irc
ums
tanc
e.

"
Ifthe v i
olat
ion ofthi
sSecti
on isinf ur
ther
ance of
,ori nci
dentto,orin
connecti
onwi ththec
rimeofrebel
l
ion,i
nsurr
ect
ion,s
edit
ionorattempt
edcoup
d'
etat,s
uc hviol
ati
onshal
lbeabsor
bedasanel ementofthecri
mesofrebel
l
ion,
i
nsurrec
tion,sedi
ti
onoratt
emptedcoupd'et
at.

"
The s ame penalt
ys hallbe impos ed upon t he owner,pr esident
,manager ,
dir
ectororot herresponsi
bleof fi
cerofanypubl i
corpr i
vatef i
rm,company ,
corporat
ionorentit
y,whos hallwil
lf
ull
york nowi ngl
yallowanyoft heexpl
osiv
es
ownedbys uchfi
rm,c ompany ,cor
por at
ionorent it
y,tobeus edbyanyper son
orpersonsfoundguilt
yofv i
olati
ngt heprovi
sionsoft heprecedingparagraphs.
"

SEC.3.Sec
tion5ofPresi
dent
ialDec
reeNo.1866,asamended,i
sher
ebyf
urt
her
amendedtor eadasf
oll
ows:

"SEC.5. Tamperi
ng ofFirear
m's Seri
alNumber .– The penal
ty ofpri
si
on
correcci
onalshal
lbeimposed uponanyper sonwhos hal
lunl
awful
l
yt amper,
change, def
aceorer
asetheser
ialnumberofanyfi
rear
m."

SEC.4.Sec
tion6ofPresi
dent
ialDec
reeNo.1866,asamended,i
sher
ebyf
urt
her
amendedtor eadasf
oll
ows:

"SEC.6. Repacki
ng orAl t
eri
ng the Compos i
ti
on ofLawfull
y Manufact
ured
Explos
ives.– The penalyofpr
t i
sion cor
recci
onals
hallbe i
mposed upon any
person who shallunlawfull
yrepack,alt
erormodi fythecomposi
ti
on ofany
l
awf ul
l
ymanuf actur
edex plosi
ves
."

SEC.5.Cover
ageoft
heTer
m Unl
i
cens
edFi
rear
m.–Thet
erm unl
i
cens
edf
ir
ear
m
shal
li
nclude:

f
ir
ear
mswi
thex
pir
edl
i
cens
e;or

unaut
hor
izedus
eofl
i
cens
edf
ir
ear
mint
hec
ommi
ssi
onoft
hec
rime.

SEC.6. RulesandRegul ations.–TheDepar t

mentofJ usticeandt heDepartment
oftheI nteriorandLoc alGov ernments halljointl
yissue,wi thi
nninety(90)days
aft
ertheappr ovalofthisAc t
,t henec essaryrulesandr egulat
ionspert
aini
ngt o
theadmi nistrati
veaspec toft hepr ovi
s i
onsher eof,f
ur nishi
ngt heCommi tt
eeon
Publi
cOr derandSec urit
yandt heCommi tt
eeonJ ust i
ceandHumanRi ghtsof
bothHous esofCongr essc opiesofs uchr ulesandr egul at
ionswi t
hint
hirt
y(30)
daysfrom t hepr omulgationher eof.

SEC.7.Separ
abi
l
ityCl
aus
e.–I
f,f
oranyr
eas
on,anys
ect
ionorpr
ovi
si
onoft
his
Actisdec
lar
edtobeunc
ons t
it
uti
onalori
nval
i
d,theothers
ect
ionsorprovi
si
ons
ther
eofwhichar
enotaffec
tedtherebyshal
lcont
inuetobei nful
lforc
eand
eff
ect.

SEC.8.Repeal
ingClause.–Alll
aws,decr
ees
,order
s,r
ulesandregul
ati
onsor
part
sther
eofinconsi
stentwit
htheprovi
si
onsofthi
sActareher
ebyr epeal
ed,
amended,ormodif
iedac c
ordi
ngl
y.

SEC.9.Eff
ecti
vi
ty.–Thi
sAc tshal
ltak
eeff
ectafterf
if
teen(15)day
sfoll
owingits
publ
icat
ionintheOff
ici
alGazett
eorintwo(2)newspaper
sofgeneral
circul
ati
on.

Appr
oved,
June6,
1997.

REPUBLI
CACTNO.
10591

AN ACT PROVI DING FOR A COMPREHENSI VE LAW ON FI REARMS AND

AMMUNI TION AND PROVIDI
NG PENALTIESFOR VIOLATI
ONSTHEREOFBei t
enact
ed byt he Senat
e and Hous
e ofRepres
entat
ivesofthe Phi
l
ippi
nesi
n
Congress as
sembled: ARTI
CLE I TI
TLE,DECLARATI ON OF POLICY AND
DEFI
NI TI
ONOFTERMS

Sec
tion 1

Shor
tTi
tl
e.– Thi
sAc ts
hallbek
nown ast
he“
Compr
ehens
iveFi
rear
msand
Ammuni
ti
onRegul
ati
onAct”
.

Dec l
arat
ionofStatePoli
cy.–Itisthepol i
cyoftheStatetomai nt
ainpeaceand
orderandpr ot
ectthepeopl eagainstv i
olence.TheStateal
s orecogni
zesthe
ri
ghtofitsqual
ifi
edc i
ti
zenst osel
f-defensethrough,whenitisthereasonabl
e
meanst orepeltheunlawf ulaggr
es s
ionundert heci
rcumstances,t
heus eof
fi
rear
ms .

Sec
tion3

Dei
nit
ionoft
erms
-Asus
edi
nthi
sac
t

(a)Ac cess
or i
esrefertopar
tsofaf i
rearm whichmayenhanceorincreas
ethe
operati
onaleffic
iencyoraccur
acyofaf i
rearm butwi
l
lnotconst
it
uteanyofthe
majorormi norinter
nalpar
tsther
eofs uchas,hutnotli
mitedto,l
aserscope,
tel
escopicsi
ghtands ounds
uppres
sorors i
lenc
er.

.(b)Ammuniti
on ref
ersto acomplet
e unfix
ed unitc ons
ist
ing ofa bul
l
et,
gunpowder
,car
tri
dgecaseandpr
imerorloadedshel
lforuseinanyfir
ear
m.

(
c)Ant
iquef
ir
ear
mref
erst
oany
:
f
ir
earm whichwasmanufact
uredatleas
tsev
ent
y-f
ive(
75)y
ear
spr
iort
othe
c
urrentdat
ebutnoti
ncl
udingrepl
i
cas
;

(
2)fi
rear
m whic
hiscer
ti
fi
edbyt heNat
ionalMus
eum oft
hePhi
l
ippi
nest
obe
c
uri
oorreli
cofmus
eum i
nter
est
;and

(3)anyotherf
irearm whichder
ivesasubs
tant
ialpar
tofit
smonetaryv
aluef
rom
thefactthatitisnov el
,rar
e,bizar
reorbecauseofit
sas s
oci
ati
onwi t
hsome
hist
ori
cal
figur
e, per
iodorevent.

(d)Ar mss muggling refer

st ot he i
mpor t
,ex por
t,acquisi
ti
on,sale,del
i
very,
mov ementortrans f
eroff i
rearms,t
heirpart
sandc omponent sandammuni t
ion,
from oracr
osst heterr
itoryofonec ountr
ytot hatofanothercountr
ywhichhas
notbeen aut horized in ac c
ordance with domesti
cl aw in eit
herorbot h
country/
countr
ies.

(e)Authori
tytoi
mportr
eferst
oadoc umenti
ssuedbytheChi
efoft
hePhil
ippi
ne
NationalPoli
ce(PNP)author
izi
ng theimport
ationoffi
rear
ms,orthei
rparts,
ammuni ti
onandothercomponents
.

(f)Aut
hori
zeddealerreferst oanyper
son,l
egalent
ity
,c or
por
ati
on,part
ners
hip
orbusi
nessenti
tydulyl
icens edbytheFi
rear
msandEx plosi
veOff
ice(
FEO)ofthe
PNPt oengageint hebus inessofbuyingandsell
i
ngammuni ti
on,fi
rear
msor
part
ether
eof,atwholesaleorr et
ail
bas
is.

ARTI
CLEI
IOWNERSHI
PANDPOSSESSI
ONOFFI
REARMS

Sec
tion 4

Standar dsandRequisit
esforIssuanceofandObt ai
ningaLi censetoOwnand
Poss essFir
earms.–Inordertoqual i
fyandacquirealicensetoownandpos s
ess
af i
rearm orfir
earmsandammuni t
ion,theappli
cantmus tbeaFi l
i
pinoci
ti
zen,at
l
eas ttwenty-one(21)year
soldandhasgai nfulwork,occupati
onorbusinessor
hasf il
edanI ncomeTaxRet ur
n( I
TR)f ortheprecedi
ngy earasproofofincome,
profession,busi
nessoroccupat
ion.

Sec
tion5

Owners
hipofFir
ear
msandAmmuni t
ionbyaJuri
dicalEnti
ty.–Aj uri
dic
alper
son
mai
ntai
ningit
sowns ec
uri
tyf
orcemaybeissuedar egul
arl i
censetoownand
pos
sessfi
rear
msandammunit
ionundert
hefol
lowingc ondi
tions:

I
tmustbeFil
i
pino-ownedanddul
yregi
ster
edwi
tht
heSec
uri
ti
esandEx
change
Commis
sion(
SEC);
I
tisc
urr
ent
,oper
ati
onal
andac
ont
inui
ngc
onc
ern;

Ithascompletedandsubmi
tt
edal
lit
sreport
ori
alr
equi
rementst
ot heSEC;and
(
d)Ithaspaidalli
tsi
ncomet
axesf
ortheyear
,asdulyc
ert
if
iedbytheBureauof
I
nternal
Revenue.

Sec
tion 6

.Owner shipofFi rearmsbyt heNat i

onalGov er
nment .–Al lfi
rearmsownedby
theNat i
onalGov ernments hal
lber egist
eredwi t
ht heFEO oft hePNPi nt he
nameoft heRepubl icofthePhili
ppines.Suchregistr
ati
ons hallbeex emptfrom
alldutiesandt axest hatmayot her
wis ebelevi
edonot herauthorizedownersof
fi
rearms .Forr easonofnat i
onalsecurit
y,fi
rear
msoft heAr medFor cesoft he
Phil
ippines( AFP),Coas tGuardandot herlawenforcementagenc iesshallonl
ybe
reportedt otheFEOoft hePNP.

ARTI
CLEI
I
IREGI
STRATI
ONANDLI
CENSI
NG

Sec
tion8

.Authorit
ytoIss
ueLi
cens
e.–TheChiefoft
hePNP,t
hrought
heFEOoft hePNP,
shallis
suelic
ensest
o qual
if
ied i
ndi
vi
dual
sand tocausetheregi
str
ati
on of
fi
rearms.

Sec
tion9

Lic
ens esIs
suedtoIndi
vi
dual
s.–Subj
ectt
otherequi
rementssetfor
thinthi
sAct
andpay mentofrequi
redfeestobedeter
minedbyt heChi efofthePNP,a
quali
fi
edi ndi
vi
dualmaybei ss
uedtheappr
opri
ateli
censeunderthef ol
l
owing
categori
es;

Type1l ic
ens e–all
owsac
iti
zent
oownandpos
ses
samax
imum oft
wo(
2)
regi
ster
edf i
rear
ms;

Type2l ic
ense–all
owsac
iti
zent
oownandpos
ses
samax
imum off
ive(
5)
regi
ster
edfir
ear
ms;

Type3l ic
ens e–al
lowsac
iti
zent
oownandpos
ses
samax
imum oft
en(
10)
regi
ster
edf i
rear
ms;

Type4l icense–all
owsac i
ti
zentoownandpos ses
samax i
mum offi
ft
een(15)
regi
steredf i
rear
ms;andType5li
cense–all
owsac i
tiz
en,whoisac er
ti
fi
edgun
coll
ector,
t oownandpossessmorethanf
if
teen(
15)regis
ter
edfi
rear
ms.

Sec
tion10
.FirearmsThatMayBeRegi st
ered.–Onl ys mal lar msmayber egist
eredby
l
icens ed c i
ti
zensorl icensed j uri
dic
alent i
ti
esf orowner shi
p,pos sessi
on and
conc ealed c ar
ry.A lightweapon s hallbe l awf ull
y ac quir
ed orpos s
essed
excl
us ivelybyt heAFP,t hePNPandot herlawenf or cementagenc i
esaut hori
zed
byt hePr esidentint heper formanceoft heirdut i
es:Pr ovi
ded,Thatpr iv
ate
i
ndiv i
dual swhoal readyhav el i
censest opos sessCl ass-Al i
ghtweaponsupon
theef f
ec t
ivi
tyoft hi
sAc ts hallnotbedepr i
ved oft hepr iv
il
eget oc onti
nue
posses singthes ameandr enewi ngthel i
cens estheref or,forthes ol
er easonthat
thesef i
rearmsar eClass“ A”lightweapons ,ands hal lber equiredt ocompl ywith
otherappl i
cableprovi
sionsoft hisAct.

Sec
tion11

.Registr
ati
onofFi rearms.–Thelicens
edc it
izenorli
cens edjuri
dic
alenti
tyshal
l
regi
sterhis/
her/i
tsfi
rearmssopurchasedwi t
ht heFEOoft hePNPinac c
ordance
withthetypeoflicensesuchli
censedciti
zenorlic
ensedjur i
dic
alenti
typoss
esses
.
Ac erti
fi
cateofr egist
rati
on ofthef i
rearms hal
lbei s
s ued upon paymentof
reasonablefees
.

Sec
tion12

.LicensetoPos sessAmmuni ti
onNec essar
il
yIncl
uded.–Theli
censesgrantedto
qualif
iedc i
ti
zensorj uri
dicalenti
ti
esaspr ovi
dedinSec t
ion9oft hi
sAc tshal
l
i
nc l
udet helicensetopos sessammuni t
ionwithamax i
mum offif
ty(50)rounds
foreac hregis
teredfi
rearm:Pr ov
ided;ThattheFEOoft hePNPmayal lowmor e
ammuni ti
ont obepos sessedbylicens
eds port
sshooter
s.

Sec
tion13

I
ssuanceofLi censetoManuf actur
eorDealI nFi
rearmsandAmmuni t
ion.–Any
person desi
ring to manufac t
ure ordeali nfirear
ms,parts off i
rearms or
ammunitionthereof,
orinstr
ument sandimplementsusedori
ntendedt obeused
i
nt hemanuf actur
eoffirearms,partsoffi
rearmsorammuniti
on,s hal
lmak ean
appli
cat
ionto:

TheSec
ret
aryoftheDepar
tmentoft
heInt
eri
orandLoc alGov
ernment(
DILG)i
n
thec
aseofanappli
cat
ionf
orali
cens
etomanufact
ure;and

(b)TheChi
efoft
hePNPint
hecaseofal
i
cens
etodeali
nfi
rear
msandf
ir
ear
ms
parts
,ammuni
ti
onandgunr
epai
r.

Sec
tion14

ScopeofLi
cens
etoManuf
act
ureFi
rear
msandAmmuni
ti
on.
ThescopeoftheLi
cens
etoManuf
act
uref
ir
ear
msandammuni
ti
ons
hal
lal
soi
ncl
ude
thef
oll
owing:

(a)Theauthor
it
yt omanufact
ureandassembl
efi
rear
ms ,ammunit
ion,sparepart
sand
access
ories
,ammunit
ioncomponents
,andrel
oadi
ngofammuni t
ions,wi
thinsi
tes,ar
eas
,
andfactori
ess
tatedt
herei
n.TheSecr
etar
yoftheDI
LGs hal
lappr
oves uc
hl i
cense;

(
b)Thel
icensetodeali
norsel
lal
lthei
temscover
edbyt
heLi
cens
etoManuf
act
ure,
s
uchasparts
,fi
rear
msorammuni
ti
onandcomponents
;

(
c)Theauthori
tyt
os ubcontr
actt
hemanufactur
ingofpar
tsandac ces
soriesneces
sary
f
orthefi
rearmswhic
ht hemanufact
ureri
sli
censedtomanufac
ture:Pr
ovided,Thatthe
s
ubcontr
actorofmajorpar t
sormaj orc
omponentsisalsoli
censedt omanuf ac
ture
f
ir
earmsandammuni ti
on;and

d)Theaut horit
yt oimportmac hi
nery,equipment,andfir
earm par
tsandammuni t
ion
component sforthemanuf act
urethereof.Fir
earm par
tsandammuni t
ioncomponents
tobei mporteds hal
l,however,beli
mitedt othoseauthor
izedtobemanufactur
edas
ref
lec
tedi ntheapprov edLi
censetoManuf actur
e.TheImportPermi
tshal
lbeunderthe
adminis
trati
onoft hePNP.

Sec
tion15

Regi
str
ati
onofLocal
l
yManuf
act
uredandI
mpor
tedFi
rear
ms

Localmanuf
act
urer
sandi
mpor
ter
soff
ir
ear
msandmaj
orpar
tst
her
eofs
hal
l
regi
stert
hes
ameasfol
l
ows
:

(a)Forl ocal
ly manuf
act
ured f
ir
earms and majorpar t
st hereof
,t he i
nit
ial
regi
str
ati
ons hal
lbedoneatt hemanuf
ac t
uringfaci
li
ty:Provi
ded,Thatfir
earms
i
ntended forex por
tshal
lno longerbe s ubj
ected to ball
is
ticidenti
fi
cat
ion
procedur
es;and

(b)Fori
mportedf
ir
ear
msandmajorpar
tst
hereof
,ther
egi
str
ati
ons
hal
lbedone
uponarri
val
attheFEOoft
hePNPstor
agefac
il
it
y.

Sec
tion16Li
cens
eandScopeofLi
cens
etoDeal
.

TheLicens
et oDealauthor
izesthepur
chase,saleandgeneralbusi
nessi
nhandl
ing
fi
rear
msandammuni ti
on,majorandminorpar t
soffi
rear
ms,access
ori
es,s
par
eparts
,
components,
andrel
oadingmac hi
nes
,whi
chs hal
lbeis
suedbytheChiefoft
hePNP.

Sec
tion17Li
cens
eandScopeofLi
cens
eforGuns
mit
hs

Thel
i
cens
eforguns
mit
hss
hal
lal
l
ow t
hegr
ant
eet
orepai
rregi
ster
edf
ir
ear
ms.The
l
icenses hallincl
udec ustomizat
ionoff i
rearmsfrom fi
nis
hedormanuf act
uredpar ts
thereofonperor derbas isandnoti nc ommer c
ialquanti
ti
esandmak i
ngt hemi nor
partsthereof,i.
e.pins
,t r
iggers,t
ri
ggerbows ,si
ghtsandthelikeonlyforthepur pos
eof
repair
ingt heregister
edf irear
m.Thelic
ens eforgunsmit
hss hallbeis
s uedbyt heChief
ofthePNP.

Sec
tion18Fi
rear
msf
orUs
einSpor
tsandCompet
it
ions

–Aquali
f i
edi
ndivi
duals
hallapplyf
orapermi
ttot
rans
porthi
s/herr
egi
ster
edf
ir
ear
m/s
f
rom hi
s/herr
esi
dencetothefir
ingr
ange/
sandcompet
iti
onsi
tesasmaybewarr
ant
ed

Sec
tion19Renewal
ofLi
cens
esandRegi
str
ati
on

Alltypesofli
censestopossessafi
rear
ms hal
lberenewedeverytwo(2)y
ears
.Fail
ure
t
or enewtheli
c enseonorbeforet
hedateofi t
sexpir
ati
onshal
lcauset
herevocat
ionof
t
hel i
censeandoft her
egis
trat
ionofthefi
rearm/sundersai
dli
cens
ee.

Sec
tion20I
nspect
ionandI
nvent
ory

TheChiefofthePNPorhis/heraut
hori
zedrepr
esent
at i
veshallrequi
rethes
ubmiss
ion
ofreport
s,i
nspectorexaminetheinv
entor
yandr ecordsofal i
cens
edmanufac
turer
,
deal
erorimport
eroffi
rear
msandammuni ti
onduri
ngr easonablehours.

ACQUI
SITI
ON,DEPOSI
TOFFI
REARMS,ABANDONED,
DEMI
LITARI
ZEDANDANTI
QUEFIREARMS

Sec
tion 21

Acquisi
tion or Pur chase and Sal e of Firearms and Ammuni ti
onFirearms and
ammuni t
ionmayonl ybeac quiredorpur chasedfrom aut hori
zeddeal ers
,impor tersor
l
oc almanuf acturersandmaybet r
ansferr
edors oldonl yf r
om al i
censedc it
izenor
l
icensed j uridic
al ent i
ty t o anot her l i
censed c i
ti
z en or l i
censed j ur i
dical
entit
y:Provided,That ,duri
ngel ecti
onper i
ods,thes al
eandr egis
trati
onoff ir
earmsand
ammuni t
ionandt heissuanceoft hec or
respondingl i
censest ocit
izensshallbeallowed
ont hec onditiont hatthet ransportordel i
verythereofs hallstr
ictl
yc omplywi tht he
i
ssuanc es,resolutions,rulesand r egulati
onspr omul gated by t he Commi s
sion on
El
ec t
ions.

Sec
tion 22Depos
itofFi
rear
msbyPer
sonsAr
ri
vi
ngFr
om Abr
oad

A per s
onar r
ivi
ngi nthePhi li
ppineswhoi slegal
lyi
nposs ess
ionofanyf irearm or
ammuni ti
oni nhis/herc ountr
yofor igi
nandwhohasdec laredtheex i
stenc eoft he
fi
rear
m uponembar kat
ionanddi s embarkati
onbutwhos ef
irearmisnotr egisteredin
thePhil
ippinesinac cor
danc ewitht hi
sAc tshal
ldepos
itt
hes ameuponwr ittenr ecei
pt
withtheCol l
ectorofCus tomsfordel i
ver
yt otheFEOofthePNPf orsaf
ekeepi ng,orfor
t
hei
ssuanceofaper
mitt
otr
ans
por
tift
heper
soni
sac
ompet
it
ori
nas
por
tss
hoot
ing
c
ompeti
ti
on.

Sec
tion23Ret
urnofFi
rear
mst
oOwneruponDepar
tur
efr
om t
hePhi
l
ippi
nes

Upont hedeparturefr
om thePhi
li
ppi
nesofanypers
onwhos efi
rearm orammuniti
oni s
i
nt hecus t
odyoft heFEOofthePNP,thesameshal
l,uponti
mel
yr equest,bedel
i
vered
t
ot heper sonthroughtheColl
ect
orofCustoms
.Inthec as
eofapar ti
cipanti
nal ocal
sport
ss hooti
ngcompet i
ti
on,

Sec
tion24Saf
ekeepi
ngofFi
rear
msandAmmuni
ti
on.

Anylic
enseemaydepositaregi
ster
edf i
rearmtotheFEO oft
hePNP,oranyPol
i
ce
Regi
onalOff
icef
ors
afek
eepi
ng.Reasonablefeesf
orst
orages
hal
lbei
mposed.

SEC. AbandonedFi
25. rear
msandAmmuni
ti
on

Anyf i
rear
m orammuni ti
ondepos it
edi nt
hecus
todyoftheFEOofthePNPpursuantt
o
theprov i
si
onsoft hi
sAc t
,s hal
lbedeemedt ohavebeenabandonedbytheowneror
his
/heraut hor
izedrepresentat
iveifhe/s
hefai
l
edt orecl
aimthesamewithi
nf i
ve(5)
yearsorfail
edtoadv i
setheFEOoft hePNPoft
hedisposi
ti
ont
obemadet her
eof.

SEC. Deat
26. horDi
sabi
l
ityofLi
cens
ee

Upont hedeathorl
egaldisabil
i
tyoft hehol derofaf i
rearmlicense,i
tshallbethedut y
ofhis/hernextofki
n,nearestrelati
ve,legalr epres
entat
ive,orotherper s
onwhos hal
l
knowinglycomeintopossessi
onofs uchf i
rearm orammuni ti
on,todel i
verthesamet o
theFEOoft hePNPorPol iceRegi onalOffi
c e,ands uc
hf i
rearm orammuni ti
ons hal
lbe
ret
ainedbyt hepoli
cecustodianpendi ngt hei ss
uanceofal icenseandi t
sr egi
str
ation
i
nac cordance,wi
ththi
sAct.

SEC. Ant
27. iqueFi
rear
m

Anyper sonwhopos s
es s
esanant i
quefi
rear
ms hal
lregis
tert
hes ameands ecurea
col
lector
’sl
ic
ens ef
rom theFEOoft hePNP.Properstorageofant
iquefi
rear
ms hal
lbe
st
ri
c t
lyimpos ed.Nonc ompl
iance ofthi
s pr
ov i
sion shal
lbe consi
dered as i
ll
egal
possessi
onoft hef
ir
earm aspenal
iz
edinthi
sAc t
.

PENALPROVI
SIONS

SEC. Unl
28. awf
ulAcqui
si
ti
on,orPos
ses
sionofFi
rear
msandAmmuni
ti
on.

Theunl
awf
ulac
qui
si
ti
on,pos
ses
sionoff
ir
ear
msandammuni
ti
ons
hal
lbepenal
i
zedas
fol
l
ows:

(
a)Thepenal
tyofpr
isi
on mayori
nit
smedi
um per
iod s
hal
lbei
mpos
ed upon any
per
sonwhos
hal
lunl
awf
ull
yac
qui
reorpos
ses
sas
mal
lar
m;

(b)Thepenal
tyofrecl
usi
ontemporalt
orecl
usi
onperpet
uashal
lbeimpos
edi
fthr
ee(
3)
ormor esmallar
msorClass
-Alightweaponsareunl
awful
l
yacqui
redorpos
sess
edby
anyperson;

(c
)Thepenal
tyofpri
si
onmayorini
tsmaxi
mum peri
odshal
lbeimposeduponany
pers
onwhoshal
lunl
awful
l
yac
quir
eorpos
sessaCl
ass
-Ali
ghtweapon;

(d)Thepenal
tyofr
ecl
usi
onperpet
uashal
lbeimposeduponanyper
sonwhos
hal
l
,
unlawf
ull
yac
quir
eorposs
essaCl
ass-Bl
i
ghtweapon;

(e)Thepenal
tyofone(1)degreehigherthanthatprov
idedinparagr
aphs(a)t
o( c)i
n
thi
ssect
ionshal
lbeimposeduponanyper sonwhos hal
lunl
awful
lyposses
sanyfi
rearm
underanyorcombinat
ionofthefol
l
owi ngcondit
ions
:

(
1)Loadedwi
thammuni
ti
onori
nser
tedwi
thal
oadedmagaz
ine;

(
2)Fitt
edormountedwit
hlaseroranygadgetus
edtogui
det
hes
hoot
ert
ohi
tthe
t
argetsuc
hast
hermalweaponsi
ght(TWS)andt
heli
ke;

(
3)Fi
tt
edormount
edwi
ths
nipers
copes
,fi
rear
m muf
fl
erorf
ir
ear
msi
l
enc
er;

(
4)Ac
compani
edwi
thanex
trabar
rel
;and

(
5)Conv
ert
edt
obec
apabl
eoff
ir
ingf
ull
aut
omat
icbur
sts

(f
)Thepenal
tyofpri
si
onmayori
nitsminimum per
iod shal
lbeimposed uponany
pers
onwhoshal
lunl
awful
l
yac
quir
eorpos
s essamaj
orpartofasmal
larm;

(g)Thepenal
tyofpr i
si
onmayori nitsmini
mum periodshallbeimpos eduponany
pers
onwhos hal
lunlawfull
yacquir
eorpossessammunit
ionforas mallar
m orClass-A
l
ightweapon.Ifthev i
olati
onoft hi
sparagraphiscommitted bythes ameper son
char
gedwiththeunl
awf ulacqui
si
ti
onorpossessi
onofasmallarm,thefor
merviolat
ion
shal
lbeabsor
bedbyt helatt
er;

(h)Thepenalyofpr
t is
ion mayorinit
smedium peri
od shal
lbeimpos
ed upon any
pers
onwhos hal
lunl
awful
l
yac qui
reorpos
ses
samaj orpar
tofaClas
s-Al
i
ghtweapon;

(i
)Thepenal yofpr
t is
ionmayorinit
smedi um per
iodshal
lbeimposeduponanyper s
on
whos hallunlawful
l
yac qui
reorposs
es sammuniti
onforaClass-Ali
ghtweapon.I ft
he
vi
olat
ionoft hisparagraphiscommit
tedbyt hesamepersonchargedwiththeunlawful
acqui
sit
ion orpos session ofaClass-A l
ightweapon,theformerv i
olat
ion s
hallbe
abs
orbedbyt
hel
att
er;

(j
)Thepenal
tyofpr
isi
onmayori
ni t
smax i
mum peri
od s
hal
lbeimpos
ed uponany
pers
onwhoshal
lunl
awful
l
yacqui
reorpos
sessamajorpar
tofaCl
ass
-Bli
ghtweapon;
and

(k
)Thepenal tyofpr i
si
onmayori nit
smax i
mum per iods hal
lbei mposeduponany
personwhos hal
lunlawful
lyacqui
reorposs
es sammuni t
ionforaClass-Bl
ightweapon.
I
fthev i
olat
ionoft hi
sparagraphiscommittedbyt hes ameper s
onc har
gedwi ththe
unlawfulacquisi
ti
onorpos ses
sionofaClas
s-Bl i
ghtweapon,t hefor
merv i
olat
ionshal
l
beabs orbedbyt helat
ter.

SEC. Us
29. eofLoos
eFi
rear
mint
heCommi
ssi
onofaCr
ime.

Theus eofal oosefir

earm,wheni nherentinthec ommi s
s i
onofac r
imepuni s
hable
undert he Revis
ed PenalCode orot hers peci
allaws,s hallbe cons i
dered asan
aggravati
ng ci
rcumstance:Pr
ovided,Thatift hecri
mec ommi tt
ed witht heuseofa
l
oosef i
rearmispenali
zedbyt helawwi t
hamax imum penaltywhi chislowerthanthat
pres
c r
ibedint heprecedingsecti
onf oril
legalposses
sionoff i
rear
m,t hepenaltyfor
i
ll
egalpos ses
sionoff ir
earms hal
lbei mpos ed inli
eu oft hepenal tyfort hecri
me
char
ged

SEC. Li
30. abi
l
ityofJ
uri
dicalPer
son

Thepenal
tyofpri
si
onmayori nitsmini
mum topri
sionmayorinit
smedium peri
odshal
l
beimposedupont heowner,presi
dent,manager
,direc
tororotherr
esponsi
bleof
fi
cer
of/
anypubl
icorpri
v at
efi
rm,
c ompany ,
c or
por
ati
onorent i
tywhoshal
lw

i
llf
ully ork nowingly al
low any oft he fi
rearms owned by s uchfirm,company,
corpor ati
onorent it
yt obeusedbyanyper sonorper s
onsfoundguil
tyofviol
ati
ngthe
prov i
sionsoft hepr ec
edingsect
ion,orwi l
l
full
york nowingl
yall
ow anyofthem touse
unregis t
eredf i
rearm orfir
ear
mswi thoutanyl egalauthori
tyt
obec ar
ri
edout s
ideof
theirresidenceinthec ours
eofthei
rempl oyment.

SEC.32.Unl
awf
ulManuf act
ure,Import
ati
on,Sale or Dis
pos i
ti
on ofFir
earms or
Ammunit
ionorPart
sThereof
,Mac hi
ner
y,ToolorInst
rumentUs edorInt
endedtobe
Usedi
ntheManufact
ureofFi
rear
ms ,
Ammuni t
ionorPart
sThereof

Thepenaltyofpri
sioncorr
eccionalandaf i
neofTenthousandpes os(P10,
000.00)shal
l
beimpos eduponanyper sonwhoi sli
censedtoownafir
earm butwhos hal
lcarrythe
regi
ster
edfir
earm outs
idehis
/herresidencewit
houtanyl
egalauthori
tytheref
or.

SEC.32.Unl
awf
ulManufact
ure,I
mport
ati
on,Sal
e or Di
spos
iti
on ofFir
earms or
Ammunit
ionorPar
tsTher
eof
,Machi
ner
y,ToolorI
nst
rumentUsedorInt
endedtobe
Us
edi
ntheManuf
act
ureofFi
rear
ms,Ammuni
ti
onorPar
tsTher
eof

Thepenal tyofreclusi
ont emporalt
oreclusi
onperpetuashal
lbei mposed uponany
personwhos hal
lunlawfullyengagei
nt hemanufac
ture,impor
tat
ion,sal
eordis
posit
ion
ofaf i
rearm orammuni tion,oramaj orpartofafi
rearm orammuniti
on,ormac hi
nery
,
toolorinst
rumentus edori nt
endedtobeus edbythes amepers
oni nthemanufact
ure
ofaf i
rear
m, ammuni ti
on, oramajorpartther
eof
.

SEC. Ar
33. msSmuggl
i
ng.

Thepenal
tyofrecl
usi
onperpetuas
hal
lbeimpos
eduponanyper
sonwhos
hal
lengage
orpar
ti
ci
patei
nar mssmuggli
ngasdef
inedi
nthi
sAct
.

SEC. Tamper
34. ing,Obl
i
ter
ati
onorAl
ter
ati
onofFi
rear
msI
dent
if
icat
ion.

Thepenal tyofpr i
sion correcci
onaltopr i
si
on mayori nitsmi ni
mum per i
od shallbe
i
mpos eduponanyper s
onwhos hal
lt amper,obl i
terat
eoral t
erwi t
houtauthori
tythe
barrel
,sli
de,fr
ame, recei
ver,cyli
nder,orboltassembl y,i
ncludi
ngt henameoft hemak er,
model ,orseri
alnumberofanyf ir
earm, orwhos hallrepl
acewi t
houtaut hori
tythebarr
el,
sl
ide,frame,r ecei
ver,cyli
nder,orbol tas sembl y
,i ncl
uding i
tsi ndivi
dualorpeculi
ar
i
dent i
fyi
ngc haract
eris
tic
ses senti
ali
nf orensi
cex aminationofaf i
rearm orli
ghtweapon.

SEC. Us
35. eofanI
mit
ati
onFi
rear
m

Ani mitat
ionfir
earm usedinthec ommi s
sionofac r
imes hallbec onsi
deredar eal
fi
rearm asdef i
ned inthi
sAc tand theper son who commi t
ted t
hec r
imes hallbe
punishedinaccordancewitht
hisAct:Pr
ovided,Thati
njur
iescausedont heoccasionof
the conductofc ompeti
ti
ons
,s port
s,games ,oranyr ec
reati
on acti
vit
iesinvolvi
ng
i
mi t
ationfi
rear
mss hal
lnotbepunishabl
eundert hi
sAct.

SEC. I
36.nCus
todi
aLegi
s

During the pendency ofany c asef i

led inv iol
ati
on oft hi
s Act
,s eiz
ed firearm,
ammuni ti
on,orpar tsthereof,mac hinery
,t oolsori nst
rumentsshal
lr emainint he
custodyoft hecourt
.Ift
hec ourtdec i
desthatithasnoadequat emeanst os af
elyk eep
thes ame,thecourtshal
lis
sueanor dertoturnov ertothePNPCr i
meLabor atorys uch
fi
rearm,ammuni ti
on,orpar t
st hereof,mac hi
nery,toolsorinst
rument
si nitscus tody
during t
hependenc yoft hec as
eand t opr oducet hes ametothec ourtwhens o
ordered.

SEC. Conf
37. is
cat
ionandFor
fei
tur
e.

Theimposit
ionofpenalt
yforanyviol
ati
onofthisActshal
lcarr
ywithi
ttheaccessor
y
penal
tyofc onf
is
cati
onand forf
eit
ureofthefirear
m,ammuni ti
on,orpart
st her
eof,
machi
nery
,toolorins
trumenti
nfavorofthegovernmentwhichshal
lbedi
sposedofin
ac
cor
danc
ewi
thl
aw.

SEC. Li
38. abi
l
ityf
orPl
ant
ingEvi
dence.

Thepenal tyofpr i
s i
onmayori nitsmax imum per i
ods hal
lbei mposeduponanyper son
whos hal
lwillf
ull
yandmal i
ci
ous l
yi nsert;plac
e,and/ orattach,dir
ec t
lyori ndi
rec
tly
,
throughanyov ertorc ov
ertact,anyf i
rearm,orammuni t
ion,orpar tsthereofinthe
person,hous e,effects
,ori nthei mmedi atev i
cinit
yofani nnoc entindiv
idualforthe
purpos eofimplic
at i
ngori ncr
iminatingtheper son,orimput i
ngthec ommi ssi
onofany
viol
ati
onoft hepr ovisi
onsofthisAc ttosaidindividual
.

SEC. Gr
39. oundsf
orRevocat
ion,Cancel
l
ati
onorSus
pens
ionofLi
cens
eorPer
mit

The Chi
efofthe PNP orhi
s/herauthori
zed repr
esent
ati
ve mayr
evok
e,c
anc
elor
sus
pendali
censeorper
mitonthefol
lowinggrounds:

(
a)Commis
sionofac
rimeorof
fens
einv
olv
ingt
hef
ir
ear
m,ammuni
ti
on,ofmaj
orpar
ts
t
her
eof;

(
b)Convi
cti
onofacri
mei nv
olvi
ngmoraltur
pit
udeoranyof
fens
ewher
ethepenal
ty
c
arr
iesani
mpri
sonmentofmorethans
ix(
6)years
;

(
c)Los
soft
hef
ir
ear
m,ammuni
ti
on,
oranypar
tst
her
eoft
hroughnegl
i
genc
e;

(
d)Car
ryi
ngofthefi
rear
m,ammuni t
ion,ormajorpar
tst
her
eofout
sideofr
esi
denc
eor
wor
kpl
acewi
thout
,theproperper
mittoc ar
ryt
hesame;

(
e)Car
ryi
ngoft
hef
ir
ear
m,ammuni
ti
on,
ormaj
orpar
tst
her
eofi
npr
ohi
bit
edpl
aces
;

(
f)Di
smi
ssal
forc
aus
efr
om t
hes
erv
icei
ncas
eofgov
ernmentof
fi
ci
alandempl
oyee;

(
g)Commi
ssi
onofanyoft heactspenali
zedunderRepubli
cAc
tNo.9165,ot
her
wis
e
k
nownast
he“Comprehens
iveDangerousDrugsActof2002”
;

(
h)Submis
sionoffal
si
fi
eddoc
ument
sormi
srepr
esent
ati
oni
ntheappl
i
cat
iont
oobt
ain
ali
cens
eorpermit
;

(
i)Nonc
ompl
i
anc
eofr
epor
tor
ial
requi
rement
s;and

(
j)Byv
irt
ueofac
our
tor
der
.

SEC. Fai
40. l
uret
oNot
if
yLos
torSt
olenFi
rear
m orLi
ghtWeapon.

AfineofTenthous
andpesos(P10,
000.00)s
hal
lbeimposeduponanyli
cens
edfir
earm
hol
derwhofai
lstorepor
ttotheFEOoft hePNPthatt
hes ubj
ectf
ir
ear
m hasbeenlos
t
ors
tolenwi
thi
naper i
odofthi
rt
y(30)daysfr
om t
hedateofdis
cover
y.
SEC. I
41.l
legalTr
ans
fer
/Regi
str
ati
onofFi
rear
ms.

I
tshallbeunl
awfultotr
ansf
erpossessi
onofanyfir
earmtoanyper
sonwhohasnoty
et
obt
ainedorsecuredthenec
essar
ylic
ens eorper
mitther
eof
.

FI
NALPROVI
SIONS

SEC. Fi
42. r
ear
msRepos
itor
y

TheFEO oft hePNPs hal

lbet hesoler eposi
toryofallfi
rearmsrecor
dstoi ncl
ude
i
mpor t
edandl ocal
l
ymanuf act
uredf
irear
msandammuni t
ion.Withi
none(1)yearupon
approvaloft
hisAct,al
lmil
itar
yandl aw enfor
c ementagenci
es,gover
nmentagenc i
es,
LGUsandgov ernment-ownedor-controll
edc orpor
ati
onsshallsubmi
taninv
ent or
yof
al
lthei
rfir
ear
msandammuni ti
ontothePNP.

SEC. Fi
43. nalAmnes
ty.

Personsi n possessi
on ofunregi stered fi
rearmsand holder
sofex pir
ed li
cense or
unregis
tered fi
rearmsshallregis
t erand r enew thes amethrought heFinalGener al
Amnes tywithinsix(6)monthsf rom t hepr omulgati
onofthei mplementi
ngrulesand
regulat
ionsoft hi
sAct.Duri
ngt hei nterim peri
odofs i
x(6)months,nopersonappl yi
ng
forli
censeshallbechargedofanydel inquentpaymentaccrui
ngt othefir
earms ubject
forregist
rati
on.ThePNPs hallconductani ntensi
venati
onwidecampai gntoens ure
thatthegeneralpublici
sproperlyi nformedoft heprovi
si
onsofthi
sAct .

SEC.44.I
mpl
ement
ingRul
esandRegul
ati
ons

Withi
nonehundredtwenty(120)daysfrom theeff
ecti
vi
tyoft hisAct
,theChiefofthe
PNP,aft
erpubli
cheari
ngsandcons ult
ati
onwi t
hconcer neds ect
orsofs oci
etyshal
l
for
mulat
ethenecess
aryrulesandr egul
ati
onsfortheeffecti
veimplementati
onoft hi
s
Acttobepubl
i
shedinatleastt
wo( 2)nati
onalnewspapersofgeneralci
rcul
ati
on.

SEC.45.Repeal
ingClause.–ThisActr epeal
sSect i
ons1,2,5and7ofPr esi
denti
al
DecreeNo.1866,asamended,andSect i
on6ofRepubl i
cActNo.8294andal lother
l
aws ,ex
ecuti
veorders
,let
ter
sofinst
r uct
ion,i
ssuances,ci
rcul
ars
,admi
nis
trat
iveorder
s,
rul
esorregul
ati
onsthatarei
nconsi
stentherewi
th.

SEC.46.Separabi
l
ityClause.–Ifanypr ovi
si
onofthi
sActoranyparther
eofishel
d
i
nvali
doruncons ti
tut
ional,theremainderofthel
aw orthepr
ovi
si
onnotot her
wis
e
aff
ect
eds hal
lremai
nval i
dands ubsi
sti
ng.

SEC.47.Effect
ivi
ty.–ThisActshal
ltakeeff
ectaf
terf
if
teen(
15)daysf
rom i
tspubl
i
cat
ion
i
nanews paperofnationwidecir
cul
ation.