Quantum Computing: Opportunities and Challenges
Author: Generated by ChatGPT
Date: August 27, 2025
Abstract
An accessible overview of quantum computing, covering qubits, superposition, and entanglement;
potential applications in optimization and simulation; and key engineering challenges such as error
correction and scaling.
Keywords: quantum computing, qubits, error correction, algorithms
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1. Introduction
Quantum computing leverages quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information in ways that differ
from classical computers. While general-purpose, fault-tolerant machines remain a long-term goal,
specialized devices already advance research and development.
2. Hardware Landscape
Leading approaches include superconducting circuits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, and photonics. Each
platform balances trade-offs in coherence times, gate fidelity, connectivity, and manufacturing complexity.
3. Algorithms and Use Cases
Algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s illustrate asymptotic advantages. Near-term efforts prioritize
chemistry simulation, materials discovery, and constrained optimization via hybrid quantum–classical
workflows.
4. Error Mitigation and Correction
Noise is the central barrier to scalability. Error mitigation improves near-term experiments, while
error-correcting codes (e.g., surface codes) aim to realize fault-tolerance at larger scales.
5. Conclusion
Progress requires co-design across hardware, algorithms, and applications, along with realistic
benchmarks and open scientific collaboration.
References
- Note: These reference entries are placeholders for demonstration. Replace with sources if publishing.
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