Project Topic: Healthcare Monitoring System Using lOT : Supratim Seal - 090 sali sheieiieiae Shouvik Pramanik - 108 Sayan Ghosh - 114 Saptarshi Basu - 121 Saron Som - 122 Group Mentor: _ Prof. Partha Banerjee Project Based Questions...1. Tell me about the final year project that you are pursuing. Answer: Our final-year project is "Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT." This project is designed to monitor patients’ health parameters in real-time using IoT technology. It will help doctors, caregivers, and patients by continuously tracking vital signs and sending alerts in case of abnormalities. Key Features: * Real-time health monitoring - Continuously tracks parameters like heart rate, temperature, oxygen levels, etc. * IoT-based system - Uses sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud storage for remote monitoring. * Automated alert mechanism - Sends notifications in case of abnormal readings. * User-friendly interface - Displays data on mobile apps or web applications. * Cloud-based data storage - Ensures accessibility and historical data logging. 2. What are the different technologies / concepts / theories used in your project? Answer: The project is based on several important technologies and concepts: Technology / Concept Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded systems Biomedical Sensors Wireless Communication Cloud Computing Mobile/Web Applications Description Connects sensors to the internet for real-time monitoring. Uses microcontrollers (like Arduino/Raspberry Pi) to process sensor data, Measures patient parameters like heart rate, temperature, SpO2, etc. Uses Wi-Fi/Bluetooth for transmitting data from sensors to cloud. Stores patient data securely for remote access and analysis. Provides a user-friendly interface for doctors and patients to view data. on/i6 © scanned wth onEN ScannerTechnology / Concept Description Machine Learning Can be used for predicting health issues based on past data. (optional) 3. What kind of value addition will this project bring to current technology? Answer: Our IoT-based healthcare system improves the current healthcare approach by offering: 1. Remote Monitoring: Patients can be monitored from anywhere, reducing hospital visits. 2. Automated Alerts: Doctors or caregivers are notified in case of abnormal health parameters. 3. Historical Data Analysis: Medical professionals can access past data for better diagnosis. 4. Affordability: Provides a cost-effective alternative to expensive hospital monitoring systems. 5. Scalability: The system can be expanded to include more health parameters and sensors. 6. Improved Patient Care: Helps in faster response during medical emergencies. 4. Who are your clients? Answer: Our system is useful for multiple groups: Hospitals & Clinics - For continuous patient monitoring. Elderly & Chronically Ill Patients - For home-based health tracking. Sports & Fitness Industry - To monitor athlete health conditions. * Government & NGOs - For providing low-cost healthcare in rural areas. 02/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner* Insurance Companies - To track patient health for policy management. 5. What are the methods you have used for requirement elicitation? Answer: To gather requirements, we used the following techniques: 1. Interviews: Discussions with doctors and patients to identify healthcare monitoring needs. 2. Surveys & Questionnaires: Collecting feedback from potential users about required features. 3. Observation: Studying existing hospital monitoring systems and their drawbacks. 4. Literature Review: Researching academic papers and similar IoT-based projects. 5. Prototyping: Creating an initial system model and validating feasibility. 6. Have you used any standard methodology to carry out your project work? Why? Answer: Yes, we have adopted the Waterfall Model for structured project development because: * Itprovides a step-by-step approach (Requirement Gathering > Design > Implementation — Testing > Deployment). + Itis well-suited for hardware projects, where proper planning and testing are crucial. * It ensures proper documentation, helping us track progress. * Changes are minimized, reducing the risk of errors in implementation. 7. Have you done cost estimation for your project? How? 03/16 © scanned wth onEN ScannerAnswer: We estimated the cost by considering affordable and widely available hardware and free or low-cost software. Estimated Cost Breakdown: Estimated Cost Component (INR) Remarks Arduino Uno / ESP32 500 - 1000 Low-cost microcontroller Temperature Sensor (DS18B20) 150-300 Easily evailable Pulse Oximeter (MAX30100) 500 - 800 Measures heart rate & SpO2 Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266) 200 - 400 Enables wireless communication Cloud Service (Firebase / Free Free-tier usage available Thingspeak) Mobile App Development Free Open-source platforms like MIT App. Inventor Total Estimated Cost: $2000 - #3500 (Affordable and feasible). 8. Have you done the feasibility study for your project? What are those? Answer: Yes, we conducted a feasibility study considering multiple aspects: Feasibility Type Analysis Technical Feasibility Uses widely available sensors and microcontrollers, Economic Feasibility Low-cost investment with high impact. Operational Feasibi User-friendly interface for both patients and doctors. Schedule Feasibility Can be completed within the given timeline, 04/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner9. Why have you selected this topic? Answer: We chose this project because: 1. Healthcare is a growing concern, especially post-pandemic. 2. IoT advancements enable efficient remote monitoring. 3. Potential to save lives by detecting emergencies in real-time. 4. Great learning opportunity in IoT, embedded systems, and cloud computing. 5. Affordable and scalable, making it useful for both urban and rural areas. 10. Questions on technologies / concepts / theories used? Answer: Here are some possible questions: 1. How does the IoT architecture in this project work? 2. What is the role of cloud computing in data storage and processing? 3. Which wireless communication protocol is most efficient for healthcare monitoring? 4, How does the microcontroller process and send sensor data? 5, What security measures are needed to protect patient data in IoT healthcare? 6. Can machine learning be integrated to predict health anomalies? 7. How does power management impact the efficiency of wearable health devices? *14. Draw a flowchart / block diagram / data flow (high-level design) for your project. C Sensors (Temperature, Heart Rate, SpO2, ECG, BP) collect real-time health data and send it to the ESP32 microcontroller. £1 The ESP32 processes data using Al-based filtering and transmits it via WiFi (MQTT/HTTP), Bluetooth (BLE 5.0), of LoRa/GSM. {1 Encrypted data (AES-256) is stored in “AWSIGCP/Azure oT", where Al analyzes trends and predicts health risks. Doctors and caregivers access real-time health reports via a “web/mobile dashboard", while alerts are sent for critical conditions. © nomergencies, “ambulance dispatch, hospital databases, and caregivers are noted for immediate intervention. 05/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner“flowchart / block diagram / data flow (high-level design) for your project: 11. How is your project going to help society? Answer: Our project, Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT, is designed to have a significant impact on society. We are currently researching different ways in which IoT can improve healthcare accessibility and efficiency. Based on our initial findings, we expect our system to: 06/16 © scanned ith OREN SamerImprove Remote Healthcare: Many people, especially in rural areas, lack access to proper medical facilities. Our system will help them by allowing doctors to monitor patient health remotely. Enable Real-Time Health Monitoring: Patients with chronic illnesses can be monitored continuously, reducing the risk of emergencies. Reduce Hospital Overcrowding: With remote monitoring, hospitals can focus on critical patients while stable patients can be monitored at home. Lower Healthcare Costs: By reducing unnecessary doctor visits and hospital stays, our system can save both time and money. Provide Early Warnings: The system will notify caregivers and medical professionals about any health abnormalities, allowing timely intervention. We are actively gathering more information and consulting resources to refine these benefits. 12. What are your own contributions to the project? Answer: Since we are just beginning, each of us has taken up different research and planning tasks to build a solid foundation for the project. My contributions so far include: Understanding IoT Healthcare Systems: I have researched existing healthcare monitoring systems and identified the key technologies we can use. Selecting Suitable Hardware & Sensors: I have been studying different microcontrollers and biomedical sensors to determine the best options for our project. Developing Initial System Flow: I have worked on designing a basic flow of how the system will function, from sensor data collection to cloud storage. Cloud & Mobile App Research: I am exploring Firebase and MIT App Inventor for cloud storage and app development. Collaboration & Documentation: I am documenting our progress and ensuring that we stay on track with our research goals. 07/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner13. How have you broken down the project into modules and distributed them among team members? Answer: Even though we are still in the early stages, we have divided the project into different modules for better workflow. Each member is responsible for specific research and planning tasks: Assigned Module Current Task Member Hardware & Sensors Researching and selecting sensors & Sayan , Supratim microcontrollers Embedded Studying ESP32/Arduino coding for sensor data Shouvik, Saron Programming processing Wireless Learning how Wi-Fi/Bluetooth will transmit data Shouvik, Saptarshi Communication Cloud Storage Exploring Firebase and Thingspeak for data storage _Saptarshi, Saron Mobile App Researching mobile app platforms like MIT App Saron, Supratim Development Inventor system Design & Preparing test cases and debugging strategies All Members Testing We plan to move forward with implementation once our research and planning phase is complete. 14. Draw a flowchart / block diagram / data flow (high-level design) for your project. Answer: (Done before qs 11 and after qs 10*) 08/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner15. Overall knowledge of the chip / microprocessor / microcontroller / tools / FPGA kits used to plement the project? Answer: Since we are still finalizing our hardware selection, we have researched the following component: Component/Too! Current Understanding ESP32/ Arduino Uno We are studying how to program these microcontrollers for data processing, MAX30100 Sensor Learning how this sensor measures heart rate and SpO2 levels. DS18B20 Sensor Researching how to use this sensor for body temperature measurement. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Understanding its role in sending data to the cloud Firebase / Exploring how to store and retrieve health data from the cloud. Thingspeak MIT App Inventor Studying how to design a mobile app interface for displaying patient data We will conduct practical testing once we finalize the components 16. Limitations / Constraints of your project? Answer: As part of our early-stage research, we have identified potential challenges that we will need to address: * Internet Dependency: A reliable internet connection is needed for real-time monitoring. * Sensor Accuracy Issues: Budget-friendly sensors may require calibration for precise readings. * Data Security Concerns: Protecting patient health records from unauthorized access is crucial. * Power Consumption: Battery-powered wearables must be optimized for longer usage. * Scalability Challenges: If we add more features in the future, hardware upgrades may be needed. 09/15 © scanned wth onEN ScannerWe are exploring solutions to these limitations. 17. What is your future plan with the project? Answer: Even though we are in the early stages, we have future plans to improve and expand our project: 1. Enhancing Sensor Integration: Adding more health-monitoring sensors like ECG and blood pressure sensors. 2. AF-Based Analysis: Implementing machine learning to predict potential health risks. 3. Security Enhancements: Strengthening data encryption for better privacy protection. 4. Power Optimization: Finding ways to reduce power consumption for wearable applications. 5. Cloud-Integrated Medical Reports: Allowing doctors to access patient history and generate health reports. 18. What are the methodologies you are going to use to test your project? Answer: We are planning to test our project using these methodologies: Testing Type Purpose Unit Testing Checking individual sensor functionality, Integration Testing Ensuring sensors, microcontroller, and cloud work together. System Testing Validating the entire system under different conditions. Load Testing Checking how the system handles multiple patients at once. Security Testing Protecting patient data from cyber threats. 10/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner19. Tell a few test cases for your project. Also, mention where your project has failed? Answer: Since we haven't implemented the system yet, we have designed test cases for when testing begins: Current Test Case Expected Outcome Status Sensor Readings Sensor values should match real medical devices. Planned Accuracy Wi-Fi Connectivity The system should connect to the cloud without Planned failure. Data Storage in Cloud Patient data should be securely stored and Planned accessible, Mobile App Functionality The app should display real-time data correctly. Planned Emergency Alerts Alerts should be sent if vitals exceed threshold limits. Planned Failures and debugging will be recorded during implementation. 20. What are the safety and security measures you have taken? Answer: We are currently researching safety and security measures and plan to implement the following: 1. Data Encryption: Using secure encryption to protect patient data in the cloud. 2. User Authentication: Implementing a login system for authorized access only. 3. Secure Wi-Fi Protocols: Ensuring all data transmission follows secure HTTPS protocols. 4, Regular Sensor Calibration: Ensuring accurate health monitoring by calibrating sensors periodically. 5. Backup System: Keeping duplicate copies of patient records to prevent data loss. 16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner“Natket Survey: 1D Demand Analysts, Growing Need for Remote Healthcare - Many patients with chronic candtions lke clabetes, heart clsease, and hypertension ‘equire connucus monitonng but cannct wat hospdal frequent Rural Healthcare Challenges ~ In remcte areas, thera is a shortage of doctors and healthcare faites. A remote monitoring System can help bidgo tvs gap by providing reaktme patnt dala to docters Competitor Analysis tig Cost of Eising Devees~ Proc ike Ft, Apple Wen, and Onvon mentors provide heath racking but are expensive, making them inaccessile to jawrincome groups Hospital-Basee Nontoring Limitations ~ Most advanced patient monitoring systems are restricted te hospitals and require dedicated infrastructure, making home-based mentoring eitfeut Lack of Alferdabe IoT-Based Solutions ~ There are vary few realime heath monitoring solutions that are both afferdable and cloud integrated BW Target Users Hospitals & Cris - Can use the system te monitor multiple patients remotely, reducing hospital congestion, Elderly & Chronic Patients - Beneficial fr individuals wha need continuous mentoring but prefer heme care Rural Healthcare Cantars ~ Provides a low-cost alternative to tractional hospital based monitring, Fitness & Wellness Industry - Useful for gyms and fness centers to ack heart rate, xygen levels ane body temperature © cost Feastility Existing Solutions are Expensive ~ Most curent devices cost $100-$800, whichis not affordable forall users. ‘fordable Alternative - Our system uses low-cost microcontrollers (ESP2, Arduino) and budget-friendly sensors Ie MAX30100 (heart rate, SpO2) and BSt8820 (tsmporature). Use of Open-Source Software — Free platforms tke Firebase, Thingspeak, and NIT Apo Inventor help reduce software costs. Estimated Cost — We aim to keep the hardware cost under $50 while providing essential healthcare features. Future Trends /A-Based Heath Monitoring — Al can analyze patient data and predict potential health issues belore they become cic 5G & Edge Computing — Faster data processing and realtime analysis using advanced network technologies, ‘Wearable Technology Expansion ~ The system can be adapted into 8 wearable device for easier, coninuavs health tacking, 21. How have you scheduled your time? What are the progress tracking methods (PERT / CPM)? Answer: Since our project involves multiple stages, we have scheduled our work using the Program al Path Method (CPM) to ensure Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Cri efficient progress tracking. Project Timeline Breakdown (Tentative Plan) Phase Task Estimated Duration Completion Status Phase1 Research & Requirement Gathering 2 Weeks: Gin Progress Phase2 Hardware & Sensor Selection 2 Weeks Ongoing Phase 3 Software & Cloud Research 3 Weeks Ongoing 12/16 © scanned ith OREN SamerPhase Task Estimated Duration Completion Status Phase 4 System Design & Flowchart Development 2 Weeks Planned Phase 5 —_ Implementation (Hardware + Coding) 4Weeks Planned Phase 6 Testing & Debugging 3Weeks Planned Phase 7 Report Writing & Documentation 2Weeks Planned We are using PERT charts to identify task dependencies and CPM to determine the most critical tasks that need to be completed on time. This will help us manage deadlines efficiently. 22. Have you done any literature survey for your project? Answer: Yes, we have conducted a literature survey to understand existing healthcare monitoring systems and IoT technologies. Some of the key references we have studied include: Paper/Research Work Key Takeaways “IoT-Based Remote Health Monitoring Discusses real-time patient monitoring using loT and system" cloud storage. “Use of Wireless Sensor Networks in Explains how wireless communication enables remote Healthcare" healthcare. “Security Challenges in IoT Healthcare Highlights potential threats and solutions in patient systems” data security. "Machine Learning for Predictive Shows how AI can be integrated to predict health risks. Healthcare” These references have helped us understand best practices and possible improvements for our project. 23. What the scope of the project? Answer: 13/16 © scanned wth onEN ScannerThe scope of our project is broad and has both immediate and future applications. Immediate Scope: Monitoring vital signs (heart rate, temperature, Sp02) in real-time. Sending alerts when abnormal health conditions are detected. Storing patient health data in the cloud for easy access. Providing a mobile-friendly interface for doctors and caregivers. Future Scope: * Adding Al-based predictive healthcare analysis. * Integrating ECG and blood pressure sensors. * Expanding connectivity to 5G for faster data transmission. * Using blockchain for secure medical record storage. * Implementing voice-assisted Al for health recommendations. The system is scalable and can be modified to include more medical functionalities in the future. 24. Have you done any market survey for the work? Answer: Yes, we are conducting a market survey to understand the demand and potential applications of our project. We have explored the following: Factor Observations from Market Survey Existing IoT Healthcare Most are expensive and require hospital-based setups. Solutions Demand for Remote Increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare Potential Users Hospitals, elderly patients, rural clinics, fitness industry. Competitor Analysis Similar products exist but lack affordability and real-time cloud- based monitoring. Market Growth The IoT healthcare market is expected to grow by 20% annually. 14/16 © scanned wth onEN ScannerBased on our initial findings, we believe that our solution has great potential, especially in cost-sensitive markets. 25. Which architecture have you used? Answer: We are implementing a Three-Tier IoT Architecture, which consists of: Tier Components & Functionality Perception Layer (Sensor Layer) Sensors (Heart Rate, SpO2, Temperature) collect data from the patient. Network Layer (Communication Wi-FI/Biuetooth transmits sensor data to the cloud. Layer) Application Layer (User Interface The data is displayed on a mobile app or web dashboard for Layer) doctors. This architecture ensures efficient data collection, transmission, and real-time monitoring 26. In what way is knowledge related to your project work going to benefit our company? Answer: The knowledge and experience gained from this project will be highly beneficial for any company working in IoT, embedded systems, or healthcare technology. Here's how: Benefit for the Company How It Helps IoT & Embedded Systems Expertise Enhances knowledge in microcontroller-based health monitoring. Cloud Computing & Data Handling Improves skills in cloud integration and secure data storage. Al & Predictive Analytics (Future Opens opportunities for developing smart healthcare Scope) solutions. 15/16 © scanned wth onEN ScannerBenefit for the Company How It Helps Product Development & Market Provides insights into the growing IoT healthcare market. Research Security & Privacy Implementation Strengthens knowledge in cybersecurity for loT-based projects. This project serves as a foundation for further innovations in healthcare and loT-based applications, benefiting any company involved in technology and healthcare solutions. 16/16 © scanned wth onEN Scanner