`Essay Types:
01) Argumentative Essay -> Single-View:
Do you agree or disagree?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
02) Argumentative Essay -> Both-View:
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
03) Non-Argumentative Essay -> Advantage and
Disadvantage:
What are the advantages/benefits/merits and
disadvantages/drawbacks/demerits of this?
04) Non-Argumentative Essay -> Cause/Reason and
Solution:
What are the causes/reasons for this?
How can we solve it? // what can be done to solve it?
// What measures can we take (….)?
05) Non-Argumentative Essay -> Cause/Reason and
Effect/Result:
What are the causes/reasons for this?
What are the effects due to this?
// What problems can arise due to this?
06) Non-Argumentative Essay -> Effect/Result and
Solution:
What are the effects due to this?
// What problems can arise due to this?
How can we solve it? // what can be done to solve it?
// What measures can we take (….)?
07) Mixed -> Cause and Opinion:
What are the reasons/causes for this? // Why do you
think this happens?
What is your opinion regarding this?
// What do you think about this?
// Do you think it is a good idea to (…)?
08) Mixed -> Effect/Result and Opinion:
What are the effects due to this?
// What problems can arise due to this?
What is your opinion regarding this?
// What do you think about this?
// Do you think it is a good idea to (…)?
09) Mixed -> Advantages and Disadvantages and opinion:
Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages
of this development?
10) Mixed -> Opinion and Solution:
What is your opinion regarding this?
// What do you think about this?
// Do you think it is a good idea to (…)?
What can be done to solve it? // What measures can we
take to tackle the problem?
11) Direct Question:
Why (something is) happening? [reasons]
What are the (consequences of something)? [results]
What can we do (to tackle/encounter something)?
[solution]
How can something ...?
Is this a positive or negative development?
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Q : how many Paragraphs to write?
A : except for types 2 and 9, with 3, there are usually 2
body paragraphs:
p- 1 : Introduction = 2-3 sentences
p- 2: Body Paragraph – 1 = 3-4 sentences
p-3: Body Paragraph -2 = 3-4 sentences
p – 4 : Conclusion = 1 – 2 sentences
* Introduction Paragraph:
Sentence – 1 : General Statement = introduce the Main
Topic from a broader viewpoint
Sentence – 2: Background Statement = paraphrase the
question statement
Sentence – 3:Thesis Statement (= your
position{agree/disagree// First vs Second View} //
Outline Statement {cause + effect+ solution etc.}
* Conclusion Paragraph:
Sentence -1 : Thesis Statement Paraphrasing// Summary
of the Points discussed in Body paragraphs
Sentence – 2: Decision/ Further Comment/
Suggestion/Recommendation (optional)
* Body Paragraph - ? :
Sentence – 1 : Topic Sentence (= Main argument/point
{reason/result/solution}in brief)
Sentence – 2: Topic Sentence Elaboration/Extension =
why/ how/ (who/what/which/ whom/whose/ where/ when)
(try to make it lengthy)
Sentence – 3: Example/Evidence/Further Elaboration for
Topic Sentence
Sentence – 4: Another topic/point in brief (Non-
Argumentative /// a concluding remarkSummary for
the Topic Sentence {optional}// Result/ Linking/
Rephrasing the Topic Sentence
---------------------------------------------------------
Sample Question: [Argumentative Essay -> Single-View]
Some people suggest that school children should have the
liberty to choose their own subjects /courses in order to be
more attentive and productive in their study.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
------------------------------------------------------------
Sample Question: [Argumentative Essay -> Both-View]
Some people suggest that school children should have the
liberty to choose their own subjects /courses in order to be
more attentive and productive in their study. Others ,
however, believe that such an opportunity would cause
more harm to the students.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
[body paragraph -1 -> First View support]
[body paragraph – 2 -> Second view support]
[body paragraph -3 -> Your viewpoint => First//Second
view support]
writing task -2 -> essay type => Non-Argumentative
Advantages + DisAdvantages:
question topic:
In some countries, school children are encouraged to
learn cooking skills.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this
trend?
essay outline:
p – 1: Introduction –> 2 sentences :
s – 1: question statement paraphrasing
s – 2: Outline Statement
p - 2: Body Paragraph – 1 -> Advantages :
s – 1: Topic sentence with specific point/benefit
s – 2: TS elaboration
s – 3: TS example/ evidence
s – 4: Another point in short
s – 5: AP explained
p - 3: Body Paragraph – 2 -> DisAdvantages =>
s – 1: topic sentence = negative paragraph
s – 2: TS elaboration
s – 3 : TS example
s – 4 : another point (AP) mentioned
s - 5: AP elaborated
p - 4 : Conclusion - > 1 -2 :
s – 1: Outline statement rephrasing
s – 2: recommendation/ suggestion / observation
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Writing Task – 2 ->
Non-Argumentative Essay
=> Cause + Solution:
Modern lifestyle has made it harder for
people to live a healthy and active
lifestyle.
What are the causes of this situation?
Suggest what can be done by the
government and large organizations
to improve it.
outline :
P – 1: Intro
p – 2: B. P. 1 = Causes [ 1- 2/ 3]
P – 3 : B. P. 2 = Solution [1 – 2/3]
P - 4: Conclusion
* Non-Argumentative Essay -> Cause + solution:
Nowadays children are consuming too many sugar-based
drinks.
What are the reasons and the solutions for this situation?
===================================================================
Class Work # 05 : Writing Task - 2 ->
Non-Argumentative Essay
=> Cause + Effect:
Nowadays people are living longer and some believe that this can
contribute to people’s development.
What are the causes for this change?
What kinds of impact can this have?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Causes = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Effects = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/
Recommendation
======================================
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For Mind Mapping: 5W1H = 5 wives 1 husband !!!
Who, what/which, when, why, where; how
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Home Work # 05: Writing Task - 2 ->
Non-Argumentative Essay
=> Cause + Effect-> Topic - 1:
Some schools implement a variety of learning
methodologies within the school learning curriculum
while others do not do so.
What are the reasons behind this?
What kind of impact does it have on learning
outcomes?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
—---------------------------------------------------------------
Home Work # 05: Writing Task - 2 ->
Non-Argumentative Essay
=> Cause + Effect -> Topic - 2:
Some offices only give promotions to the staff who
have worked for the company for a long time.
What are the reasons for such a view?
What kind of consequences does it have on the
staff?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
—---------------------------------------------------------------
Home Work # 05: Writing Task - 2 ->
Non-Argumentative Essay
=> Cause + Effect -> Topic - 3:
Culture and traditions change from generation to
generation.
Why does this happen?
What impact does it have on people in general?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
—----------------------------------------------------------
================================================
Class Work # 05: Essay Type -> Non-Argumentative
=> Effect + Solution:
Many people believe that the gap between rich and poor
is widening nowadays, because in the current economic
situation the rich become richer while the poor become
poorer.
What are the problems this situation may cause?
What measures can be taken to solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Effects = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Solutions = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/ Recommendation
======================================
=========================================
Home Work # 05:
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Class Work # 06: Mixed Essay -> Cause + Opinion :
Many people are following the latest fashion of clothing
style and haircuts.
Why are they influenced?
Is this a good or bad development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Causes = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Opinion = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/
Recommendation
======================================
==========================================
Home Work # 06:
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
====================================
Class Work # 06: Mixed Essay -> Cause + Opinion :
Many people are following the latest fashion of clothing
style and haircuts.
Why are they influenced?
Is this a good or bad development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Causes = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Opinion = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/
Recommendation
======================================
Home Work # 06:
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
===================================
Class Work # 06: Mixed Essay -> Effect + Opinion :
With the development of technology and
science, some people believe that there is
no great value of artists such as musicians
and painters.
What are the things artists can do but
scientists cannot?
Should art be encouraged more?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Effects = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Opinion = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/
Recommendation
======================================
===============================
Home Work # 06:
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
================================
Class Work # 07: Writing Task - 2 -> Mixed ->
Advantages + Disadvantages + Opinion
—-----------------------------------------------
[Question Statement]
It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote
natural environments such as the South Pole.
Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Advantages = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Disadvantages = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Body - 3 = Opinion = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief (optional)
P - 5 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/
Recommendation
======================================
==============================================
Home Work # 07:
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
===========================================
Class Work # 07: Writing Task - 2 -> Essay Type ->
Mixed = Opinion + Solution:
[Question Statement]
Some people think that getting a university
degree is becoming a necessity for young
people to be successful in their careers.
Do you think it is a valid claim?
What other options are available for young
people to ensure success in life?
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
========================================
Home Work # 07:
Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.
===============================
Paragraph Outline:
P - 1: Introduction = 2-4 sentences:
S - 1 : question statement paraphrasing
S - 2: Thesis Statement
P - 2 : Body - 1 = Opinion = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 3 : Body - 2 = Solution = > 2-4 sentences
S - 1 : Topic Sentence (TS)
S - 2 : TS elaboration/explanation
S - 3: TS example/further elaboration
S - 4: another TS in brief
P - 4 : Conclusion = 1 - 2 sentences
S - 1: Rephrasing the Thesis Statement
S - 2: Further Comment/ Observation/
Recommendation
=========================
