Disclaimer: This document is not the official exam.

It is a personal reviewer created by

the student, using her own method of making exam questions and mnemonics for review
purposes.

Understanding Diversity

Diversity

• From Latin word divertere: to turn away, separate, oppose.

• Collins Dictionary: State of being different or varied; inclusion of people with different backgrounds
(races, genders, etc.).
• UNESCO (2017): People’s differences can relate to race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, language,
culture, religion, and more.

Global Village

• Diversity is important as changing demographics shape communities.

• Collaboration and communication are crucial in understanding differences and fostering tolerance and
unity.

Loden’s Diversity Wheel (1990)

• Developed by Marilyn Loden and Judy Rosener.

• Purpose: To help understand how group-based differences influence people’s identities.
• Two dimensions: o Primary Dimensions: Traits we are born with or are shaped early (e.g., age, race,
gender).
o Secondary Dimensions: Traits that can change over time based on experiences (e.g., education,
marital status).

Mnemonic for Dimensions: P.O.V. – Primary traits are based on Origin, Visible, while Secondary traits Vary
with life.

Principles for Managing Diversity (RICR)

1. Respect: Treat others how they wish to be treated.

2. Inclusion: Everyone participates in decision-making.
3. Cooperation: Help others succeed.
4. Responsibility: Manage behavior to maintain diversity-positive environments.

Mnemonic: RICR – Respect, Include, Cooperate, Responsibility.

Ability and Disability as Dimensions of Diversity

• Ability: Skills or competence needed to perform tasks.

• Disability: Impairments that affect mobility, senses, or activity. Can be static, progressive, visible, or
invisible.
• People with disabilities should be accepted, recognized for their abilities, and integrated into society.

Mnemonic for Disability Attributes: S.C.V.F. – Static, Congenital, Visible, Functional disabilities.

Dilemmas of Diversity

• Discrimination persists despite laws promoting inclusion.

o Examples:
▪ Race and Religion: People of color and Muslims face discrimination in immigration.
▪ Disability: Students with special needs often face exclusion in schools.
• Solution: Governments pass laws protecting the rights of diverse individuals.

Case Study: Habem Grima

• First deafblind person to graduate from Harvard Law School, and advocate for equal opportunities for
people with disabilities. Models of Disability

• Disability has been present throughout history, even referenced in religious texts (e.g., Bible).
• Society often reacted negatively to anything different, leading to segregation and exclusion of Persons
with Disabilities (PWDs).

A. Moral/Religious Model

• Started during the Medieval Age (AD 476), leading to the Renaissance Age and Age of Discovery.
• During this time, the church was the most influential force in Europe.
• Disability was seen as a test of faith, a blessing, or a punishment for sin.
• Some cultures viewed disability as a gift, often associated with heightened spiritual insight.
• Permanent vs. Fixable: The Moral Model views disability as permanent, while other models seek to
"fix" the issue.
B. Biomedical/Medical Model

• Emerged during the Copernican Revolution when Nicholas Copernicus discovered that the sun, not
the Earth, was the center of the universe.
• Disability is seen as a defect or failure in the body—something that needs to be fixed.
• The BIOMEDICAL MODEL views disability as a "glitch" that a person is born with, in contrast to the
Moral Model, which sees it as a permanent condition.
• In the 15th century, schools for PWDs in Europe emerged, mainly catering to sensory impairments.
• Focuses on curing or rehabilitating individuals, treating disability as a medical problem.

Mnemonic: B.C.F. – Biomedical, Cure, Fix.

C. Functional/Rehabilitation Model

• Focuses on habilitation (maximizing function for congenital disabilities) and rehabilitation (restoring
function for acquired disabilities).
• Emerged during World War I, when soldiers returned with disabilities, leading to the rise of Physical
and Occupational Therapies.

D. Social Model

• Disability is a social construct; society’s lack of understanding creates the disability.

• World Health Organization (WHO) differentiates between:
o Impairment: Loss or abnormality of psychological or anatomical structure or function. o
Disability: The result of an impairment, restricting the ability to perform activities
considered normal by society.
o These terms are often confused, but they are interconnected.
• Society must plan ahead to anticipate impairments and prevent them from becoming disabilities. o
Kaplan (2000): If society sees disability as natural, it can change how we design systems,
environments, and beliefs.

Key Difference: Social Model shifts focus from individual impairment to societal barriers.

Mnemonic: S.S.B. – Society, Social Construct, Barriers.

E. Rights-Based Model and Twin Track Approach

 • Focuses on human dignity and rights of PWDs.
• The Rights-Based Model emphasizes the vulnerability of PWDs and their right to equal
opportunities.
• The 4 Key Factors:
1. Government – Duty bearers.
2. The Child – Rights holder.
3. Parents – Duty bearers and representatives.
4. Teachers – Rights holders and duty bearers.
• Twin Track Approach: Combines the Social Model and Rights-Based Model to promote individual
needs and holistic societal changes.

Mnemonic: R.E.D. – Rights, Education, Dignity.

Special Education (SpEd)

• Aims to increase fairness in public education for exceptional learners.

• Special Education addresses the needs of students on the extremes of the normal curve (exceptionally
high or low performers).
• SpEd schools focus on teaching differently to meet the needs of students with medical, developmental,
or neurological disabilities.

Inclusive Education

• Inclusive education places students with disabilities in the general classroom with peers.
• Based on the right of every child to be equally educated, regardless of disability.

Key Global Milestones:

1. 1948: Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2. 1990: Education for All (EFA).
3. 2006: UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Guidelines for Inclusion (UNESCO 2005)

1. Inclusion is a continuous process—a search for better ways to respond to diversity.

2. Involves identifying barriers to prevent marginalization and removing them.
3. Focus on presence, participation, and achievement of all students, particularly those at risk of
exclusion.
4. Emphasis on learners who might face marginalization or underachievement.
Mnemonic: B.A.P.E. – Barriers, Achievement, Participation, Emphasis.

Key Laws Supporting Inclusive Education

1. RA 7610: Special Protection of Children against Abuse and Exploitation.

2. RA 7277: The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons.
3. B.P. Blg. 344: Enhancing Mobility of Disabled Persons (ramps, parking, etc.).

Conclusion

• Inclusion aims to integrate all learners into the classroom.

• Inclusive education improves social, economic, and financial opportunities for disadvantaged children.
• Challenges: Inclusion requires additional resources, such as specialized teachers and modified curricula.

Mnemonic for INCLUSION:

I.N.C.L.U.S.I.O.N. – Integration, Networking, Collaboration, Learning, Utilizing resources, Social support,
Implementation, Organization, Non-stop services.

Inclusive Education: The Philippine Perspective

• Inclusive Education aims to help all students, especially those from marginalized sectors (PWDs,
street children, Indigenous peoples, child laborers, and abused children).

Key Facts (Philippines):

• Children with disabilities in schools: 101,762 (2011).

• 97.3% of children with disabilities are unreached, meaning they are not in school.
• Mainstreaming: 5,916 children with disabilities are mainstreamed into regular classes.

Key Global Figures on PWDs (World Health Organization - WHO)

1. 1.3 billion people (16% of the world’s population) experience significant disability.
2. Persons with disabilities are twice as likely to develop conditions like depression, asthma, diabetes,
etc.
3. 253 million people suffer from blindness or visual impairment.
4. 466 million people have disabling hearing loss.
 5. 200 million people have intellectual disabilities (IQ below 75).
6. 75 million people need a wheelchair daily.
7. 80% of disabilities are acquired between the ages of 18 and 64 (working-age).

Mnemonic for global figures: B.H.I.W.S. – Blindness, Hearing, Intellectual disability, Wheelchair, Significant
disability.

Legal Requirements in Inclusive Education

• IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of
1973 ensure PWDs receive Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) in the Least Restrictive
Environment (LRE).

Mainstreaming vs. Full Inclusion

• Mainstreaming: A mix of special education (SpEd) and regular classes, where students with disabilities
are integrated for some subjects.
• Full Inclusion: The general education classroom is the primary setting, and services are brought to the
student.

Mnemonic for inclusion terms: M.F.S. – Mainstream, Full Inclusion, Services.

Indigenous Peoples and Muslim Education

• Indigenous peoples (12-15 million across the Philippines) and Muslim children are often marginalized
in education.
• ALIVE (Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education) programs support Muslim children in public
schools.

Street Children and Working Children

• Street children: Around 246,000, of which 75% are children on the streets and 25% are children of
the streets.
• Working children are increasing in number, and many children face abuse.
Education Policies for Inclusion

• The right to education is a basic human right.

• All children, including those who have traditionally been excluded, should have access to quality
education.

Public Policy Support for Inclusive Education

1. The 1987 Philippine Constitution: Guarantees education for all.

2. RA 7610: Protection against child abuse and exploitation.
3. RA 7277: The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (amended by RA 9442).
4. PD 603: Child and Youth Welfare Code (1974) ensures the protection and rehabilitation of disabled
children.

Philippines and International Documents on Inclusion

• UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child (1989).

• World Declaration on Education for All (1990).
• UNESCO Salamanca Statement (1994): Emphasizes inclusive education.

Defining Inclusion

• Inclusion is a process of reaching out to all learners and addressing their diverse needs.
• It involves making changes to educational structures and strategies to accommodate everyone.
• Emphasis on the presence, participation, and achievement of learners who are at risk of
marginalization.

Mnemonic: P.P.A. – Presence, Participation, Achievement.

Strategies for Inclusive Education for Disadvantaged Learners

• Partial Mainstreaming: Students are in regular classes for half the day and receive specialized services.
• Full Mainstreaming: Students receive all instruction in the general classroom with all necessary
support.
Republic Act 11650 (signed by President Duterte)

• Instituting a policy of inclusion and services for learners with disabilities.

• SPED Centers: There are 648 SPED centers, but the current ratio of SPED teachers to students is 31:1,
higher than the ideal ratio of 15:1.

Sustaining Programs for Children with Disabilities

1. Provision of SPED items.

2. SPED Center Functions:
o Serve as resource rooms for inclusion. o Ensure the total development of people with
disabilities. o Develop instructional materials for inclusion.
o Build school-community collaboration.
3. Training Programs: o For teachers handling children
with disabilities.
o For school heads and supervisors.
4. Advocacy Programs: SPED caravans to promote inclusion.

Indigenous Peoples Education

• Policy to provide access to quality basic education while preserving and promoting the cultural identity
of indigenous peoples.
• Philippine Response to Indigenous Peoples and Muslim Education (PRIME) project.

Madrasah Education for Muslim Children

• Development of the Madrasah Curriculum for Kindergarten (Tahderiyyah), elementary, and secondary
levels.
• Focus on Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education (ALIVE).

Street Children Education

• Projects like Kariton Klasrum to provide education for street children.

• Partnership with Dynamic Teen Company and Efren Peñaflorida (CNN Hero of the Year).
Current Issues and Challenges in Inclusive Education

1. Increasing the holding power of schools over marginalized children.

2. Mobilizing parents and duty bearers to support inclusion. 3. Providing post-
school support for disadvantaged children.

Social, Economic, and Financial Impacts of Inclusion

1. Social Benefits:
o Encourages social cognition and participation.
o Attitudinal changes towards non-discriminatory behavior.
2. Economic Benefits:

o Higher participation and employment rates. o Inclusion enables children to become

independent and productive in the future.

Challenges in Inclusive Education

1. Requires additional resources, such as special teachers and modified curricula.

2. Per pupil cost is higher for students with disabilities.

Proposed Initiatives for Inclusion

1. Early learning interventions to guarantee right to education.

2. Building more special education centers and community centers.
3. Training teachers and educators on inclusive education.
4. Developing accreditation schemes for inclusive programs.

Inclusion Mnemonic I.N.C.L.U.S.I.O.N.

• I – Integration
• N – Networking
• C – Collaboration
• L – Living, learning, loving
• U – Utilizing resources
 • S – Support and social services
• I – Implementation of programs
• O – Organization of services
• N – Non-stop services for all

Exam on Diversity and Inclusive Education

1. What does the term "diversity" mean according to the Collins Dictionary? o a. State
of being different or varied; inclusion of people with different backgrounds. o b. The
act of separating people based on race. o c. A form of social exclusion.
o d. A type of discrimination.

Answer: a. State of being different or varied; inclusion of people with different backgrounds.
2. True or False: The term "Global Village" emphasizes the importance of collaboration and
communication in understanding diversity.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

3. Identify the two dimensions in Loden’s Diversity Wheel.

o a. Primary Dimensions and Secondary
Dimensions o b. Major Traits and Minor Traits o
c. Essential Traits and Optional Traits o d. Static
Traits and Dynamic Traits

Answer: a. Primary Dimensions and Secondary Dimensions

4. Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for remembering Loden’s Diversity Wheel dimensions is P.O.V.,
where Primary traits are based on ______, ______, while Secondary traits Vary with life.
o a. Origin, Visible o b.
Observation, Variation o
c. Original, Variable o
d. Orientation, Visibility

Answer: a. Origin, Visible

5. Enumeration: List the four Principles for Managing Diversity as per the RICR mnemonic.
o a. Respect, Inclusion, Cooperation, Responsibility o
b. Recognition, Inclusion, Collaboration, Responsibility
o c. Respect, Integration, Cooperation, Reconciliation o
d. Respect, Inclusion, Communication, Reconciliation
 Answer: a. Respect, Inclusion, Cooperation, Responsibility

6. True or False: Disability can be categorized as static, progressive, visible, or invisible.

o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

7. Analogy: The Biomedical/Medical Model views disability as a ______, whereas the Moral Model
views it as a ______.
o a. Glitch, Permanent Condition o b.
Temporary Issue, Natural Trait o c.
Defect, Blessing o d. Medical
Problem, Social Construct

Answer: a. Glitch, Permanent Condition

8. Fill in the blank: The Functional/Rehabilitation Model emerged during World War I to focus on
______ and ______. o a. Habilitation, Rehabilitation o b. Curing, Fixing o c. Treating,
Correcting o d. Improving, Adjusting

Answer: a. Habilitation, Rehabilitation

9. True or False: The Social Model of disability suggests that disability is a social construct and not
merely an individual impairment.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

10. Fill in the blank: The Rights-Based Model focuses on human ______ and ______ of PWDs.
o a. Dignity, Rights o b.
Needs, Access o c. Values,
Equality o d. Respect,
Opportunities

Answer: a. Dignity, Rights

11. Enumeration: Name the four key factors in the Rights-Based Model.
o a. Government, The Child, Parents, Teachers o
b. Government, Educators, Community, Families
o c. State, Students, Guardians, Institutions o
d. Authorities, Children, Advocates, Educators

Answer: a. Government, The Child, Parents, Teachers

12. True or False: Special Education (SpEd) aims to address the needs of students who are
exceptionally high or low performers.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

13. Fill in the blank: Inclusive education is based on the right of every child to be equally educated,
regardless of ______.
o a. Disability
o b. Race o
c. Religion
o d. Gender
Answer: a.
Disability

14. Enumeration: List the key global milestones in inclusive education.

o a. 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1990 Education for All (EFA), 2006 UN
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities o b. 1950 Human Rights Charter,
1995 EFA Declaration, 2000 Disability Rights Agreement o c. 1965 Declaration of Equality,
1998 Global Education Standards, 2010 Rights of Disabled
Persons Act o d. 1975 Universal Rights Declaration, 1980 Inclusive Education Act,
2005 Global Education Milestones

Answer: a. 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1990 Education for All (EFA), 2006 UN
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

15. True or False: RA 7610 focuses on the protection of children against abuse and exploitation.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

16. Analogy: Full Inclusion is to general education classroom as Mainstreaming is to ______.

o a. Mix of SpEd and regular classes
o b. Specialized classrooms o c.
Partial education o d. Home
schooling

Answer: a. Mix of SpEd and regular classes

17. Fill in the blank: The Philippine Constitution of 1987 guarantees ______ for all.
o a. Education o
b. Health care
 o c. Employment
o d. Equal rights

Answer: a. Education

18. True or False: The WHO states that 466 million people have disabling hearing loss.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

19. Fill in the blank: The mnemonic B.H.I.W.S. represents global figures on PWDs, which stands for
Blindness, Hearing, Intellectual disability, ______, Significant disability.
o a. Wheelchair o
b. Sight impairment
o c. Learning
difficulties o d.
Developmental delay

Answer: a. Wheelchair

20. Enumeration: Name three challenges faced in inclusive education.

o a. Additional resources needed, higher per pupil cost, mobilizing support
o b. Lack of teacher training, inadequate facilities, insufficient funding o
c. Overcrowded classrooms, lack of materials, poor curriculum o d.
Language barriers, cultural differences, limited technology

Answer: a. Additional resources needed, higher per pupil cost, mobilizing support

21. Fill in the blank: The Madrasah Curriculum focuses on Arabic Language and ______ Education.
o a. Islamic Values o
b. Cultural Studies
o c. History o d.
Social Studies

Answer: a. Islamic Values

22. True or False: Street children education programs, such as Kariton Klasrum, are developed to
provide education to children who are on the streets.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True
23. Analogy: The Social Model of disability is to societal barriers as the Biomedical Model is to
______.
o a. Medical problems o
b. Moral judgments o
c. Psychological issues o
d. Educational
challenges

Answer: a. Medical problems

24. Fill in the blank: The Rights-Based Model and the Twin Track Approach both focus on promoting
individual needs and holistic ______.
o a. Societal changes o b.
Health benefits o c.
Educational techniques o
d. Legal reforms

Answer: a. Societal changes

25. True or False: The mnemonic I.N.C.L.U.S.I.O.N. stands for Integration, Networking,
Collaboration, Living, Learning, Loving, Utilizing resources, Support and social services,
Implementation of programs, Organization of services, Non-stop services for all.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

26. Fill in the blank: The Special Protection of Children Against Abuse and Exploitation is covered
under RA ______.
o a. 7610
o b. 7277
o c. 344
o d. 9442

Answer: a. 7610

27. True or False: The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted in 1989.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True
28. Fill in the blank: The Rights-Based Model emphasizes the ______ of PWDs and their right to
equal opportunities. o a. Vulnerability o b. Independence o c. Empowerment o d.
Responsibility

Answer: a. Vulnerability

29. True or False: The Social Model of disability views disability as an individual problem rather than
a societal issue. o a. False o b. True

Answer: a. False

30. Fill in the blank: The UNESCO Salamanca Statement of 1994 emphasizes ______ education.
o a. Inclusive o
b. Special o
c. Exclusive o
d. Traditional

Answer: a. Inclusive

31. Enumeration: List the two types of educational settings mentioned for disadvantaged learners.
o a. Partial Mainstreaming, Full Mainstreaming
o b. Specialized Classrooms, Home Schooling o
c. General Education, Vocational Training o
d. SpEd Schools, Regular Schools

Answer: a. Partial Mainstreaming, Full Mainstreaming

32. True or False: The Republic Act 11650 institutes a policy of exclusion for learners with disabilities.
o a. False o b. True

Answer: a. False

33. Fill in the blank: The SPED Center Functions include developing instructional materials and
building ______ collaboration. o a. School-community o b. Teacher-student o c. Parent-
teacher o d. Government-community

Answer: a. School-community

34. True or False: The Philippine Response to Indigenous Peoples and Muslim Education (PRIME)
project focuses on preserving and promoting the cultural identity of indigenous peoples.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True
35. Fill in the blank: The proposed initiative for inclusive education includes developing accreditation
schemes for ______ programs.
o a. Inclusive o
b. Specialized
o c. Traditional
o d. Alternative

Answer: a. Inclusive

36. True or False: The inclusion of Indigenous Peoples and Muslim education in public schools is
supported by programs such as ALIVE.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

37. Enumeration: Name two key laws supporting inclusive education in the Philippines.
o a. RA 7610, RA 7277 o
b. RA 9442, RA 344 o
c. B.P. Blg. 344, RA 11650
o d. RA 1987, RA 1980

Answer: a. RA 7610, RA 7277

38. Fill in the blank: According to the WHO, ______ million people suffer from blindness or visual
impairment. o a. 253 o b. 466 o c. 200 o d. 75

Answer: a. 253

39. True or False: The Special Education (SpEd) curriculum focuses only on students with high
academic potential.
o a. False
o b. True

Answer: a. False

40. Fill in the blank: The Social Model of disability suggests that society's lack of understanding
creates the ______. o a. Disability o b. Impairment o c. Opportunity o d. Exclusion

Answer: a. Disability

41. True or False: The Moral Model of disability views disability as a test of faith or punishment for
sin.
o a. True o
b. False
 Answer: a. True

42. Fill in the blank: The ______ Model focuses on maximizing function for congenital disabilities and
restoring function for acquired disabilities.
o a.
Functional/Reh
abilitation o
b.
Biomedical/Me
dical
o c. Social

o d. Rights-Based
Answer: a.
Functional/Reh
abilitation

43. True or False: The Rights-Based Model incorporates elements of both the Social Model and the
Biomedical Model.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

44. Fill in the blank: The inclusion process involves making changes to educational structures to
accommodate everyone's ______.
o a. Needs o
b.
Resources o
c.
Preferences

o d. Abilities

Answer: a. Needs

45. True or False: Mainstreaming involves integrating students with disabilities into regular classes
for some subjects. o a. True o b. False

Answer: a. True

46. Enumeration: Name the two types of disabilities mentioned in the document.
o a. Ability, Disability
o b. Physical, Mental o
 c. Static, Progressive
o d. Visible, Invisible

Answer: a. Ability, Disability

47. Fill in the blank: The key focus of the Social Model is on ______ barriers that prevent individuals
from fully participating in society.
o a. Societal o
b. Physical o
c. Emotional
o d. Financial

Answer: a. Societal

48. True or False: The Functional/Rehabilitation Model emerged during the Renaissance Age.
o a. False
o b. True
Answer: a.
False

49. Fill in the blank: The key difference between the Social Model and other models is its focus on
______ barriers rather than individual impairments.
o a. Societal o b.
Physical o c.
Educational o d.
Psychological Answer:
a. Societal

50. True or False: The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted in 2006.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

51. Fill in the blank: According to the WHO, 80% of disabilities are acquired between the ages of
______ and 64. o a. 18 o b. 15 o c. 20 o d. 25

Answer: a. 18

52. True or False: The inclusion of children with disabilities in regular classrooms is also known as
Full Inclusion. o a. True o b. False

Answer: a. True
53. Fill in the blank: The government plays a role as ______ in the Rights-Based Model for PWDs.
o a. Duty bearers
o b. Advocates o
c. Rights
holders o d.
Beneficiaries

Answer: a. Duty bearers

54. True or False: The primary focus of Special Education is on students with disabilities only.
o a. False
o b. True

Answer: a. False

55. Fill in the blank: The acronym RICR stands for Respect, Inclusion, Cooperation, and ______.
o a. Responsibility
o b. Rights o c.
Reform o d.
Reconciliation

Answer: a. Responsibility

56. True or False: The Social Model of disability emphasizes the need for societal changes to support
individuals with impairments.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

57. Fill in the blank: The Rights-Based Model incorporates the ______ Track Approach to address
individual and societal needs.
o a. Twin o b.
Single o c. Dual o
d. Comprehensive

Answer: a. Twin

58. True or False: Inclusion aims to integrate all learners into specialized educational settings.
o a. False
o b. True

Answer: a. False
59. Fill in the blank: Inclusive education is often hindered by the need for ______ resources.
o a. Additional
o b. Basic o
c. Standard
o d. Minimal

Answer: a. Additional

60. True or False: The Madrasah Education for Muslim children includes a focus on Islamic Values
and Arabic Language.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True
61. Fill in the blank: Street children education projects, such as Kariton Klasrum, aim to provide
education to children who are ______.
o a. On the streets o
b. In rural areas o
c. In low-income
families o d. In urban
centers

Answer: a. On the streets

62. True or False: The Twin Track Approach combines elements from the Social Model and the
Rights-Based Model.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

63. Fill in the blank: The ______ Model of disability focuses on treating disability as a medical
problem to be fixed.
o a. Biomedical/Medical
o b. Social
o c.
Functional/Rehabilitation o
d. Rights-Based

Answer: a. Biomedical/Medical

64. True or False: Inclusive education aims to increase the holding power of schools over
marginalized children.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

65. Fill in the blank: The Special Education (SpEd) Centers in the Philippines aim to ensure the
______ development of people with disabilities.
o a.
Total o
b.
Partial o
o
Answer: a. True

c.
Limited o
d.
Basic

Answer: a. Total

66. True or False: The key global milestones in inclusive education include the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities.
o a. True
b. False

67. Fill in the blank: According to the WHO, the number of people who need a wheelchair daily is
______ million. o a. 75 o b. 253 o c. 466 o d. 200

Answer: a. 75

68. True or False: The main goal of inclusive education is to keep children with disabilities out of
regular classrooms.
o a.
False o
b.
True

Answer: a. False

69. Fill in the blank: The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted in the year
______.
o a.
1989 o
b.
1990 o
c.
1994 o
d.
2006

Answer: a. 1989

70. True or False: The Biomedical/Medical Model of disability emerged during the Copernican
Revolution. o a. True o b. False
o
o b. False
Answer: a. True

Answer: a. True

71. Fill in the blank: The inclusive education policy in the Philippines supports the development
of the Madrasah Curriculum for ______ levels. o a. Kindergarten, elementary, secondary o b.
Preschool, high school, tertiary o c. Early childhood, middle school, high school o d.
Primary, secondary, college

Answer: a. Kindergarten, elementary, secondary

72. True or False: The key difference between Full Inclusion and Mainstreaming is that Full
Inclusion integrates students into regular classes for all subjects.
a. True

73. Fill in the blank: The main goal of the PRIMe project is to provide access to education while
preserving cultural ______.
o a.
Identity o b.
Heritage o c.
Knowledge o d.
Tradition

Answer: a. Identity

74. True or False: The Rights-Based Model of disability emphasizes the importance of equal
opportunities for persons with disabilities.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

75. Fill in the blank: Street children education initiatives include projects like Kariton Klasrum
and partnerships with the ______ Teen Company.
o a.
Dynamic o b.
Innovative o c.
Creative o d.
Progressive

o
o b. False
Answer: a. True

Answer: a. Dynamic

76. True or False: The Philippines has a ratio of 31:1 for SPED teachers to students, which is
higher than the ideal ratio.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

77. Fill in the blank: The Special Protection of Children against Abuse and Exploitation is covered
under ______. o a. RA 7610 o b. RA 7277 o c. B.P. Blg. 344 o d. PD 603

Answer: a. RA 7610

78. True or False: The World Declaration on Education for All was adopted in 1990. a. True

79. Fill in the blank: The key global figures on PWDs include that 1.3 billion people experience
significant ______. o a. Disability o b. Impairment o c. Illness o d. Distress

Answer: a. Disability

80. True or False: The Social Model views disability as a result of societal barriers rather than
individual impairments.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

81. Fill in the blank: The key elements of the Rights-Based Model include Government, the Child,
Parents, and ______. o a. Teachers o b. Administrators o c. Peers o d. Community
leaders

Answer: a. Teachers

82. True or False: The key laws supporting inclusive education include RA 7610 and RA 7277.
o a.
True o

o
o b. False
Answer: a. True

b.
False

Answer: a. True

83. Fill in the blank: The inclusion of all learners in the classroom is aimed at improving their
social, economic, and ______ opportunities.
o a.
Financial o b.
Educational o
c.
Emotional o d.
Professional

Answer: a. Financial

84. True or False: The Philippine Constitution guarantees education for all children, including
those with disabilities.
a. True

85. Fill in the blank: The Special Education (SpEd) curriculum addresses the needs of students
who are exceptionally high or low performers and those with ______ disabilities.
o a. Medical, developmental,
neurological o b. Physical, emotional,
cognitive o c. Sensory, behavioral,
intellectual o d. Neurological,
developmental, physical

Answer: a. Medical, developmental, neurological

86. True or False: The Rights-Based Model of disability emphasizes the vulnerability of PWDs
and their right to equal opportunities.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

o
o b. False
Answer: a. True

87. Fill in the blank: The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities emphasizes
______ education.
o a.
Inclusive o b.
Specialized o c.
Traditional o d.
Private

Answer: a. Inclusive

88. True or False: The focus of the Biomedical/Medical Model is on curing or rehabilitating
individuals with disabilities.
o a.
True o
b.
False

Answer: a. True

89. Fill in the blank: The Functional/Rehabilitation Model emphasizes both habilitation and
______.
o a.
Rehabilitation o
b. Education
o c. Integration
o d.
Accommodation

Answer: a. Rehabilitation

90. True or False: The Social Model of disability suggests that society should plan ahead to
prevent impairments from becoming disabilities.
a. True

o
o b. False
 Answer: a. True

91. Fill in the blank: The primary focus of the Social Model is on societal ______ rather than
individual impairments.
o a. Barriers
o b. Needs o
c. Resources
o d. Skills

Answer: a. Barriers

92. True or False: The Rights-Based Model incorporates a focus on both individual and societal needs
for PWDs. o a. True o b. False

Answer: a. True

93. Fill in the blank: The inclusion of learners with disabilities in general classrooms is supported by
various ______ milestones.
o a. Global o
b. Local o
c. Regional
o d. National

Answer: a. Global

94. True or False: The Social Model of disability views disability as a medical problem to be fixed.
o a. False
o b. True

Answer: a. False

95. Fill in the blank: The Rights-Based Model emphasizes the importance of ______ and equal
opportunities for PWDs. o a. Human dignity o b. Medical treatment o c. Financial support
o d. Educational attainment

Answer: a. Human dignity

96. True or False: Full Inclusion refers to integrating students with disabilities into regular classes for
some subjects.
a. False
b. True

Answer: a. False

o o
 97. Fill in the blank: The inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in education is supported by the ______
project.
o a. PRIME o b. ALIVE o
c. Kariton Klasrum o
d. Dynamic Teen Company

Answer: a. PRIME

98. True or False: The proposed initiatives for inclusion include building more special education
centers.
o a. True o
b. False

Answer: a. True

99. Fill in the blank: The Special Education (SpEd) Centers in the Philippines are designed to serve as
______ rooms for inclusion. o a. Resource o b. Administrative o c. Training o d. Counseling

Answer: a. Resource

100. True or False: The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is aimed at
promoting the rights of PWDs worldwide. - a. True - b. False

Laws Exam

1. Enumeration: List the key laws supporting inclusive education in the Philippines.

Answer:

1. RA 7610: Special Protection of Children against Abuse and Exploitation

2. RA 7277: The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
3. B.P. Blg. 344: Enhancing Mobility of Disabled Persons
4. PD 603: Child and Youth Welfare Code (1974)
2. Identification: What law guarantees education for all children, including those with disabilities, as
per the Philippine Constitution?

Answer:

o The 1987 Philippine Constitution

3. True or False: RA 7610 protects children from abuse and exploitation.

Answer:
 o True
4. Fill in the blank: The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons is covered under ______.

Answer:

o RA 7277
5. True or False: B.P. Blg. 344 focuses on the enhancement of mobility for disabled persons.

Answer:

o True
6. Fill in the blank: The Child and Youth Welfare Code (PD 603) was enacted in the year ______.

Answer:

o 1974
7. Identification: Which law mandates the provision of ramps, parking spaces, and other facilities to
enhance mobility for disabled persons?

Answer:

o B.P. Blg. 344

8. True or False: RA 7277 was amended by RA 9442 to further enhance the rights of disabled
persons.

Answer:

oTrue
9. Enumeration: List the international documents related to inclusive education mentioned.

Answer:

0. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)

1. World Declaration on Education for All (1990)
2. UNESCO Salamanca Statement (1994)
10. Situational: If a school needs to comply with international standards for inclusive education,
which of the following documents should it consider? o a. UN Convention on the Rights of the
Child o b. RA 7610 o c. B.P. Blg. 344 o d. PD 603

Answer: a. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

11. Fill in the blank: The World Declaration on Education for All was adopted in ______.

Answer:
 o 1990
12. True or False: The UNESCO Salamanca Statement emphasizes the importance of inclusive
education.

Answer:

o True
13. Identification: What law ensures the provision of a free and appropriate public education (FAPE)
in the least restrictive environment (LRE) for individuals with disabilities in the U.S.?

Answer:

o IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

14. True or False: The 1990 Education for All (EFA) initiative does not include provisions for students
with disabilities.

Answer:

o False
15. Fill in the blank: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates that students
with disabilities receive education in the ______ environment.

Answer:

o Least restrictive
16. Enumeration: Name the key factors involved in the Rights-Based Model of disability.

Answer:

0. Government – Duty bearers

1. The Child – Rights holder
2. Parents – Duty bearers and representatives
3. Teachers – Rights holders and duty bearers
17. Situational: A school is revising its policies to better support students with disabilities and align
with international standards. Which document would be most relevant for ensuring compliance?
o a. RA 7610
o b. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities o c. PD 603 o d. B.P. Blg.
344

Answer: b. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

18. True or False: The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities focuses on providing
equal opportunities and promoting human dignity for PWDs.

Answer:
 o True
19. Fill in the blank: The key milestone for inclusive education in 2006 is the ______.

Answer:

o UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

20. True or False: The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (RA 7277) includes provisions for the
accessibility of buildings and public spaces.

Answer:

o True
21. Identification: Which law or policy addresses the needs of students with exceptional abilities in the
Philippines?

Answer:

o Special Education (SpEd) programs

22. True or False: RA 7610 and RA 7277 are both related to the protection and rights of children and
disabled persons.

Answer:

o True
23. Fill in the blank: The document that emphasizes the right of all children to education, regardless
of their abilities, is the ______.

Answer:

o Universal Declaration of Human Rights

24. Situational: A school is considering implementing more inclusive practices. Which of the following
documents would provide guidelines on promoting inclusive education?
o a. UNESCO Salamanca Statement o b. RA 7277 o c. B.P. Blg. 344 o d. PD 603

Answer: a. UNESCO Salamanca Statement

25. True or False: The focus of RA 7277 is on providing medical care and rehabilitation for persons
with disabilities.

Answer:

o False
26. Fill in the blank: The Philippine law that ensures special protection against abuse and exploitation
is ______.
 Answer:

o RA 7610
27. True or False: The UNESCO Salamanca Statement supports the idea of integrating children with
disabilities into regular schools.

Answer:

o True
28. Identification: What law was enacted to enhance the mobility of disabled persons through facilities
such as ramps and parking spaces?

Answer:

o B.P. Blg. 344

29. True or False: The 1987 Philippine Constitution guarantees education for all children, including
those with disabilities.

Answer:

o True
30. Fill in the blank: The law that mandates the provision of a free and appropriate public education
for students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment is ______.

Answer:

o IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

31. Situational: If a school is revising its curriculum to be more inclusive, which of the following
would be a valuable reference?
o a. RA 7277
o b. World Declaration on Education for All o c. PD 603 o d. B.P. Blg. 344

Answer: b. World Declaration on Education for All

32. True or False: The Rights-Based Model of disability includes a focus on the legal rights and
dignity of persons with disabilities.

Answer:

o True
33. Fill in the blank: The law that addresses the needs of students with disabilities and emphasizes
integration into general education settings is ______.

Answer:
 o IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
34. True or False: The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (RA 7277) includes provisions for the
accessibility of public buildings and transportation.

Answer:

o True
35. Identification: Which law supports the creation of more special education centers and the training
of teachers for inclusive education?

Answer:

o Republic Act 11650

36. Fill in the blank: The document adopted in 1994 that emphasizes inclusive education is the ______.

Answer:

o UNESCO Salamanca Statement

37. True or False: The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted in 2006.

Answer:

o True
38. Situational: A teacher is looking for guidelines on best practices for inclusive education. Which
document should they refer to?
o a. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child o b. UNESCO Salamanca Statement o
c. RA 7610 o d. B.P. Blg. 344

Answer: b. UNESCO Salamanca Statement

39. True or False: The Special Education (SpEd) Centers in the Philippines are designed to improve
educational outcomes for students with disabilities.

Answer:

o True
40. Fill in the blank: The law that ensures free and appropriate public education for students with
disabilities in the least restrictive environment is ______.

Answer:

o IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)