Mansoura University Academic Program: MTE + BME
Faculty of Engineering Exam Date: Summer 2023
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Exam Type: Final
Course Title: Exam Time: 2 hours
Course Code: Full Mark: 50
Attempt to answer all questions. Assume any missing data.
Question 1 (problems 1 to 6 )
The figure below represents an infinitesimal control volume projected on three different
two-dimensional plans. Suppose that you use this figure to derive the continuity equation.
Select the correct mathematical expression for each term. Note that the coordinates are
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧), the velocity components are (𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤) and the density is 𝜌.
(B) (D) (F)
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧 𝛿𝑦
𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
(A) (C) (E)
1- term (A) is
(a) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢) (b) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢)
[𝜌𝑢 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑢 + 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥
(c) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢) (d) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢)
[𝜌𝑢 − 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑢 + 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦
2- term (B) is
(a) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢) (b) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢)
[𝜌𝑢 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑢 + 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥
(c) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢) (d) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑢)
[𝜌𝑢 − 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑢 + 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦
3- term (C) is
(a) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤) (b) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤)
[𝜌𝑤 − 𝛿𝑧] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑦 [𝜌𝑤 + 𝛿𝑧] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑦
2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧
(c) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤) (d) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤)
[𝜌𝑤 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑧𝛿𝑦 [𝜌𝑤 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑧𝛿𝑦
2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥
4- term (D) is
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(a) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤) (b) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤)
[𝜌𝑤 − 𝛿𝑧] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑦 [𝜌𝑤 + 𝛿𝑧] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑦
2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧
(c) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤) (d) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑤)
[𝜌𝑤 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑧𝛿𝑦 [𝜌𝑤 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑧𝛿𝑦
2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥
5- term (E) is
(a) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣) (b) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣)
[𝜌𝑣 − 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑣 + 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦
(c) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣) (d) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣)
[𝜌𝑣 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑣 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥
6- term (F) is
(a) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣) (b) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣)
[𝜌𝑣 − 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑣 + 𝛿𝑦] 𝛿𝑥𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦
(c) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣) (d) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣)
[𝜌𝑣 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧 [𝜌𝑢 − 𝛿𝑥] 𝛿𝑦𝛿𝑧
2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥
Question 2 (problems 7 to 14)
7- the highlighted term (A) of the following equation is
𝜕𝜌
+⏟ ⃗)=0
∇. (𝜌𝑈
𝜕𝑡
𝐴
a) momentum convection b) mass convection
c) heat convection d) none of the above
8- the highlighted term (A) of the following equation is
𝜕(𝜌𝑢) 𝜕𝑝
⃗)=−
+ ∇. (𝜌𝑢𝑈 + ∇. (𝜇∇𝑢) + [𝑠𝑀𝑥 ] + 𝜌𝑔𝑥
⏟𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥
𝐴
a) x-momentum unsteady term b) x-momentum convection
c) x-momentum diffusion d) none of the above
9- the highlighted term (A) of the following equation is:
𝜕(𝜌𝑣) 𝜕𝑝
⃗)=−
+ ∇. (𝜌𝑣𝑈 + ∇. (𝜇∇𝑣) + [𝑠𝑀𝑦 ] + 𝜌𝑔𝑦
𝜕𝑡 ⏟ 𝜕𝑦
𝐴
a) Pressure work b) Pressure force in x-direction
c) Unsteady pressure d) none of the above
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10- the highlighted term (A) of the following equation is:
𝜕(𝜌𝑣) 𝜕𝑝
⃗)=−
+ ∇. (𝜌𝑣𝑈 + ∇. (𝜇∇𝑣) + [𝑠𝑀𝑦 ] + 𝜌𝑔𝑦
𝜕𝑡 ⏟ 𝜕𝑦
𝐴
a) Pressure work b) Pressure force in x-direction
c) Unsteady pressure d) none of the above
11- the highlighted term (A) of the following equation is:
𝜕(𝜌𝑤) 𝜕𝑝
⃗)=−
+ ∇. (𝜌𝑤𝑈 ∇. (𝜇∇𝑤) + [𝑠𝑀𝑧 ] + 𝜌𝑔𝑧
+⏟
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧
𝐴
a) momentum convection in z-direction b) convection-diffusion in z-direction
c) Unsteady momentum in z-direction d) momentum diffusion in z-direction
12- the highlighted term (A) of the following equation is:
𝜕(𝐶𝑣 𝜌𝑇)
⃗ ) = −𝑝∇.
+ ∇. (𝐶𝑣 𝜌𝑇𝑈 ⏟ 𝑈 ⃗ + ∇. (𝑘∇𝑇) + Φ + 𝑆𝑖
𝜕𝑡
𝐴
a) Pressure work b) heat work
c) Velocity divergence d) Steady convection
⃗ is
⃗ = 𝑢 𝐢 + 𝑣 𝐣 + 𝑤 𝐤. The term ∇. 𝑈
13- Consider the vector 𝑈
(a) 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤 (b) 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤
+ + 𝐢+ 𝐣+ 𝐤
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
(c) 𝜕𝑢2 𝜕𝑣 2 𝜕𝑤 2 (d) 𝜕𝑢2 𝜕𝑣 2 𝜕𝑤 2
+ + 𝐢+ 𝐣+ 𝐤
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
14- Consider the scalar 𝜙. The term ∇𝜙 is
(a) 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 (b) 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
+ + 𝐢+ 𝐣+ 𝐤
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
(c) 𝜕𝜙 2 𝜕𝜙 2 𝜕𝜙 2 (d) 𝜕𝜙 2 𝜕𝜙 2 𝜕𝜙 2
+ + 𝐢+ 𝐣+ 𝐤
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Question 3 (problems 15 to 26)
15- The following equation describes 1D diffusion for
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𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
− (𝑘𝐴 ) + (𝑘𝐴 ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑤 𝑑𝑥 𝑒
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
16- The following equation describes 1D diffusion for
𝑇𝑊 − 2𝑇𝑃 + 𝑇𝐸 = 0
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
17- The following equation describes 1D diffusion for
−3𝑇𝑃 + 𝑇𝐸 = −500
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
18- The following equation describes 1D diffusion for
𝑇𝑊 − 3𝑇𝑃 = −1000
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
19- The following equation is used for 1D diffusion discretization for
2 ∆𝜂
𝑓 ′ (𝜂) = [𝑓(𝜂) − 𝑓 (𝜂 − ⁄2)]
∆𝜂
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
20- The following equation is used for 1D diffusion discretization for
2 ∆𝜂
𝑓 ′ (𝜂) = [𝑓 (𝜂 + ⁄2) − 𝑓(𝜂)]
∆𝜂
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
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21- The following equation is used for 1D diffusion discretization for
1 ∆𝜂 ∆𝜂
𝑓 ′ (𝜂) = [𝑓 (𝜂 + ) − 𝑓 (𝜂 − )]
∆𝜂 2 2
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
22- The following equation is used for solving diffusion problems for
∭ ∇. (𝑘∇𝑇) 𝑑𝑉 = 0
a) 1D b) 2D
c) 3D d) all of the above
23- The following equation is used for solving diffusion problems for
∯ 𝑛. (𝑘∇𝑇) 𝑑𝐴 = 0
a) 1D b) 2D
c) 3D d) all of the above
24- The coefficients matrix which results from the discretisation of 1D diffusion is called
a) tri-diagonal b) diagonal
c) trigonometry d) all of the above
25- The term Ψ in the following Taylor series is:
∆𝑥 2 ∆𝑥 3
𝑓(𝑥 − ∆𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + Ψ + 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) − 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) +⋯
2 3!
a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)∆𝑥 b) −𝑓 ′ (𝑥)∆𝑥
c) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)∆𝑥 d) none of the above
26- The term Ψ in the following Taylor series is:
∆𝑥 2 ∆𝑥 3
𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + Ψ + 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) + 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) +⋯
2 3!
a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)∆𝑥 b) −𝑓 ′ (𝑥)∆𝑥
c) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)∆𝑥 d) none of the above
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Question 4 (problems 27 to 38)
27- The following term describes the discretization of 1D convection for
−(𝜌𝑢𝐴𝜙)𝑤 + (𝜌𝑢𝐴𝜙)𝑒
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
28- The following equation describes 1D convection-diffusion for
𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑒
(1 + ) 𝜙𝑊 − 2𝜙𝑃 + (1 − ) 𝜙𝐸 = 0
2 2
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
29- The following equation describes 1D convection-diffusion for
𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑒
− (3 + ) 𝜙𝑃 + (1 − ) 𝜙𝐸 = −300(2 + 𝑃𝑒)
2 2
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
30- The following equation describes 1D convection-diffusion for
𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑒
(1 + ) 𝜙𝑊 − (3 − ) 𝜙𝑃 = −100(2 − 𝑃𝑒)
2 2
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
31- The following equation is used for 1D convection discretization for
∆𝜂⁄ ∆𝜂
𝑓(𝜂) = [𝑓 (𝜂 + 2) + 𝑓 (𝜂 − ⁄2)]⁄2
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
32- The following equation is used for solving convection-diffusion problems for
⃗ )𝑑𝑉 = ∭ ∇. (Γ∇𝜙)𝑑𝑉
∭ ∇. (𝜌𝜙𝑈
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a) 1D b) 2D
c) 3D d) all of the above
33- The following equation is used for solving convection-diffusion problems for
⃗ )𝑑𝐴 = ∯ 𝑛⃗. (Γ∇𝜙)𝑑𝐴
∯ 𝑛⃗. (𝜌𝜙𝑈
a) 1D b) 2D
c) 3D d) all of the above
34- The following equation describes 1D convection-diffusion for
𝜙𝑊 − (2 + 𝑃𝑒)𝜙𝑃 + (1 + 𝑃𝑒)𝜙𝐸 = 0
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
35- The following equation describes 1D convection-diffusion for
−(3 + 𝑃𝑒)𝜙𝑃 + (1 + 𝑃𝑒)𝜙𝐸 = −200
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
36- The following equation describes 1D convection-diffusion for
𝜙𝑊 − (3 + 𝑃𝑒)𝜙𝑃 = −300(2 + 𝑃𝑒)
a) non-boundary node b) left node
c) right node d) any node
37- The matrix which results from the discretisation of 1D convection-diffusion using the
central scheme is called
a) tri-diagonal b) Identity
c) trigonometry d) all of the above
38- The coefficients matrix which results from the discretisation of 1D convection-diffusion
using the upwind scheme is called
a) tri-diagonal b) Identity
c) trigonometry d) all of the above
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Questions 5 (problems 39 to 42)
The figure below shows the exact solution of a 1D convection-diffusion problem for an
arbitrary variable 𝜙. The figure contains different curves each obtained using a unique
combination of the problem parameters shown in problems 39 to 42. Match each curve
to its corresponding case.
39- 𝜌 = 1 (kg/m3), Γ = 0.1 (kg.m-1.s-1), 𝑢 = 0.001 (m/s)
a) A b) B
c) C d) D
40- 𝜌 = 1 (kg/m3), Γ = 0.1 (kg.m-1.s-1), 𝑢 = −0.3 (m/s)
a) A b) B
c) C d) D
41- 𝜌 = 1 (kg/m3), Γ = 0.1 (kg.m-1.s-1), 𝑢 = 0.5 (m/s)
a) A b) B
c) C d) D
42- 𝜌 = 1 (kg/m3), Γ = 0.1 (kg.m-1.s-1), 𝑢 = −1.0 (m/s)
a) A b) B
c) C d) D
Question 6 (problems 43 to 50)
Suppose the transport equation of the variable 𝜓 in the 2D space coordinates 𝑥 and 𝑦 is
given by:
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𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜓 𝜕2𝜓 𝜕2𝜓
𝑎 +𝑏 =𝑐 2 +𝑑 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑 are known constants. Consider the following cases
Case 1 (𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 1, and 𝑑 = 1)
Case 2 (𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑐 = 0, and 𝑑 = 0)
Case 3 (𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑐 = 0, and 𝑑 ≠ 0)
Case 4 (𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑐 ≠ 0, and 𝑑 = 0)
43- the type of the equation for Case 1 is
a) Parabolic b) Elliptic
c) Hyperbolic d) 1D
44- the type of the equation for Case 2 is
a) Parabolic b) Elliptic
c) Hyperbolic d) 1D
45- the type of the equation for Case 3 is
a) Parabolic b) Elliptic
c) Hyperbolic d) 1D
46- the type of the equation for Case 4 is
a) Parabolic b) Elliptic
c) Hyperbolic d) 1D
47- the boundary conditions given at only (𝑥 = 0) and (𝑦 = 0) best describe
a) Case 1 b) Case 2
c) Case 3 d) Case 4
48- the boundary conditions given at only (𝑥 = 0), (𝑥 = 5) and (𝑦 = 0) best describe
a) Case 1 b) Case 2
c) Case 3 d) Case 4
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49- the boundary conditions given at (𝑥 = 0), (𝑥 = −5), (𝑦 = 0) and (𝑦 = −6) best
describe
a) Case 1 b) Case 2
c) Case 3 d) Case 4
50- the boundary conditions given at only (𝑥 = 0), (𝑦 = 0) and (𝑦 = 4) best describe
a) Case 1 b) Case 2
c) Case 3 d) Case 4
Best Wishes
Dr Yahia Fouda
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