4.

5 Electromagnetic Effects

1 A strong electromagnet is used to attract pins.

current core

coil
pins

What happens when the current in the coil is halved?

A No pins are attracted.

B Some pins are attracted, but not as many.
C The same number of pins is attracted.
D More pins are attracted.

2 The diagram shows a transformer.

input output
voltage voltage

primary coil secondary coil

800 turns 40 turns

The input voltage is 240 V.

What is the output voltage?

A 6.0 V B 12 V C 20 V D 40 V
3 A coil carries a current in a magnetic field. The coil experiences a turning effect.

Which device uses this effect?

A a d.c. motor
B an electromagnet
C a relay
D a transformer

4 A magnet is suspended from a spring so that it can move freely inside a stationary coil. The coil is
connected to a sensitive centre-zero galvanometer.

spring

moving magnet
N

S centre-zero
galvanometer
stationary coil

The magnet repeatedly moves slowly up and down.

What does the galvanometer show?

A a constantly changing reading

B a steady reading to the left
C a steady reading to the right
D a steady reading of zero

5 A transformer has 50 turns on its primary coil and 100 turns on its secondary coil. An alternating
voltage of 25.0 V is connected across the primary coil.

25.0 V

primary coil secondary coil

50 turns 100 turns

What is the voltage across the secondary coil?

A 12.5 V B 50.0 V C 100 V D 200 V

6 A wire is placed between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. There is a current in the wire in the
direction shown, and this causes a force to act on the wire.

magnet

current
N
wire S

force

Three other arrangements, P, Q and R, of the wire and magnet are set up as shown.

P Q R

S N S
N S N

magnet turned around current direction reversed current direction reversed

and magnet turned around

Which arrangement or arrangements will cause a force in the same direction as the original
arrangement?

A P, Q and R B P and Q only C P only D R only

7 In the circuit shown, only one of the fuses has blown, but none of the lamps is lit.

Which fuse has blown?

power
supply

B C
D

8 What is an advantage of transmitting electricity at a high voltage?

A It is faster.
B It is safer.
C Less energy is wasted.
D Less equipment is needed.

9 An e.m.f. is induced across a wire when it moves through the magnetic field between the poles of
a magnet.

Which electrical device operates because of this effect?

A a battery
B a cathode-ray tube
C a generator
D a motor
 10 The diagram shows a flat, rectangular coil placed between the poles of a magnet.

There is a current in the coil that makes it turn in the direction shown in the diagram.

direction
coil of turning

N S

current

Which change would make the coil turn in the opposite direction?

A decreasing the current in the coil

B increasing the number of turns on the coil
C reversing both the direction of the current in the coil and the poles of the magnet
D reversing only the direction of the current in the coil

11 A transformer has 1000 turns on its primary coil. An input voltage of 12 V is applied to the primary
coil, and an output voltage of 120 V is induced across the secondary coil.

primary coil
1000 turns secondary coil

input voltage output voltage

12 V 120 V

How many turns are on the secondary coil of the transformer?

A 100 B 120 C 1000 D 10 000

12 Which diagram represents the voltage output of a simple a.c. generator?

A B
voltage voltage

0 0
time time

C D
voltage voltage

0 0
time time

13 A step-up transformer is used before electricity is transmitted by overhead cables.

Which statement explains why the step-up transformer is used?

A It increases the current to increase the speed at which the electricity travels.
B It increases the current to reduce energy loss in the cables.
C It increases the voltage to increase the speed at which the electricity travels.
D It increases the voltage to reduce energy loss in the cables.
14 A current-carrying wire XY lies in the magnetic field between the two poles of a U-shaped
electromagnet. A force acts on the wire XY because of the magnetic field.

electromagnet

current-carrying wire
X

Each of the following actions is carried out separately.

● The current in the wire XY is reversed.

● The magnetic field is reversed.
● Both the current in the wire XY and the magnetic field are reversed at the same
time.

How many of these actions cause the direction of the force on the wire XY to be reversed?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3

15 A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect.

power supply
+ –

N S

coil

How can the turning effect be increased?

A Increase the number of turns on the coil.

B Reduce the size of the current.
C Reverse the direction of the magnetic field.
D Use thinner wire for the coil.
 16 A transformer has 2400 turns on its primary coil and 200 turns on its secondary coil.
primary coil secondary coil
2400 turns 200 turns

output voltage 240 V

What input voltage is needed to give an output voltage of 240 V?

A 12 V B 20 V C 240 V D 2880 V

17 A student investigates electromagnetic induction. She has a bar magnet and a coil of wire that is
connected to a sensitive ammeter.

sensitive ammeter
A

N S

coil of wire magnet

Which movement does not cause a reading on the ammeter?

A moving the coil to the right

B moving both the magnet and the coil to the left at the same speed
C moving both the magnet and the coil towards each other at the same speed
D moving the magnet to the left
18 Which device uses slip rings?

A a d.c. electric motor

B a relay
C a transformer
D an a.c. generator

19 The diagram shows a coil of wire connected to a voltmeter.

coil of wire

A student has a magnet and an unmagnetised iron rod.

How can an e.m.f. be induced across the coil?

A holding the magnet inside the coil

B holding the iron rod inside the coil
C pushing the magnet into the coil
D pushing the iron rod into the coil

20 A step-down transformer is used to light a 12 V lamp from a 240 V mains supply. The lamp lights
at normal brightness. The primary coil has 600 turns.

primary coil secondary coil

600 turns

240 V 12 V lamp

How many turns are in the secondary coil?

A 12 B 20 C 30 D 50
21 A steel magnet is placed inside a coil of wire. There is a large alternating current in the coil. The
magnet is slowly moved out of the coil to position P.

coil of wire

steel magnet moved

out of coil P

12 V a.c.

How has the steel changed, if at all, when it reaches position P?

A It has become a stronger magnet.

B It has become demagnetised.
C The poles have changed ends.
D There has been no change.
22 An electric current is passed through a coil of wire.

coil of wire

Which diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field produced in the middle of the coil?

A B

C D
23 When a wire is moved upwards between the poles of a magnet, an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is
induced across the ends of the wire.

motion
of wire

N wire

Which device uses a moving wire to induce an e.m.f.?

A a cathode-ray tube
B a generator
C a transformer
D an electromagnet

24 An input voltage of 10 V is supplied to the primary coil of a transformer. An output voltage of 40 V

is produced across the secondary coil.

The 10 V supply at the primary coil is now replaced with a 40 V supply.

What is the new output voltage across the secondary coil?

A 10 V B 40 V C 70 V D 160 V
25 A metal wire is placed between the poles of a magnet.

The wire can be moved in each of three directions OP, QR and ST.

metal wire

O R
N pole S pole

S T

Q
P

In which direction or directions must the wire be moved to induce an e.m.f. across the ends of the
wire?

A OP only B OP or ST C QR D ST only
26 A transformer has 100 turns on its primary coil and 25 turns on its secondary coil. The primary
coil is connected to a 12 V a.c. supply.

100 25
turns turns

primary coil
12 V secondary coil

What is the voltage induced across the secondary coil?

A 3.0 V B 4.0 V C 48 V D 300 V

27 An input voltage of 10 V is supplied to the primary coil of a transformer. An output voltage of 40 V

is produced across the secondary coil.

The 10 V supply at the primary coil is now replaced with a 40 V supply.

What is the new output voltage across the secondary coil?

A 10 V B 40 V C 70 V D 160 V
28 An engineer uses the potential divider shown in the diagram. He needs the output voltage to be
one tenth ( 101 ) of the input voltage.

input
voltage

output
Y
voltage

Which pair of values could he use for the two resistors X and Y?

X / kΩ Y / kΩ

A 1.0 9.0
B 1.0 10.0
C 9.0 1.0
D 10.0 1.0
 29 The diagram shows cables used in the transmission of electrical energy. High voltages are used
for the transmission.

transmission cables

power
station

Why are high voltages used for the transmission of electrical energy?

A Fear of high voltages stops people from interfering with the cables.
B Heat loss in the cables is smaller than if low voltages are used.
C High voltages increase the current in the cables.
D High voltages produce large magnetic fields, so less insulation is needed.

30 Which diagram shows the magnetic field pattern around a wire that is carrying a current
perpendicular to the page?

A B C D

wire wire
31 The diagram shows a simple transformer with an input of 240 V and an output of 40 V.

There are 600 turns on the primary coil.

primary coil secondary coil

600
input 240 V 40 V output
turns

How many turns are there on the secondary coil?

A 100 B 320 C 400 D 3600

32 A solenoid is connected to a very sensitive ammeter. A rod is inserted into one end of the
solenoid. The ammeter shows that there is a small electric current in the circuit while the rod is
moving.

solenoid
rod

Which rod is being inserted?

A a heated copper rod

B a magnetised steel rod
C an uncharged nylon rod
D a radioactive uranium rod
33 The diagram shows the structure of a transformer.

core

primary coil

Which row shows a suitable material for the primary coil and a suitable material for the core?
34 Two soft-iron rods are placed end to end inside a coil which is connected to a battery.

coil

soft-iron rod soft-iron rod

The connections from the battery to the coil are now reversed.

What happens to the soft-iron rods in each case?

battery connections battery connections

as shown reversed

A rods attract rods attract

B rods attract rods repel
C rods repel rods attract
D rods repel rods repel

35 The diagram shows a mains transformer that has an output voltage of 12 V.

coil with
1000 turns soft-iron core

240 V a.c. 12 V a.c.

input output

How many turns of wire are in the secondary coil?

A 12 B 20 C 50 D 20 000
36 The diagram shows an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction.

X
A
wire

N S

X and Y are joined, in turn, by four wires, each made of a different material.

Each wire is then moved quickly downwards between the magnets.

Which material will not give rise to an induced current in the wire?

A aluminium
B copper
C iron
D nylon

37 A toy railway engine is driven around a track by a d.c. electric motor.

How can the speed of the motor be increased?

A Use a motor made with fewer turns of wire.

B Use a smaller d.c. voltage.
C Use a stronger magnet in the motor.
D Use the supply with its connections reversed.
38 Which diagram shows a movement that will not produce the changing magnetic field needed to
induce an e.m.f. in the coil?

N S
A moving a magnet and a coil towards each other
at the same speed

N S
moving a magnet and a coil in the same direction
B at the same speed

N S
C moving a magnet away from a fixed coil

N S
D moving a coil away from a fixed magnet
39 The diagram shows a simple d.c. electric motor which is rotating.

coil

magnet S N magnet

Which change will make the motor rotate more quickly?

A increasing the number of turns on the coil

B removing the magnets
C reversing the battery
D reversing the polarity of the magnets

40 A transformer is needed to convert a supply of 240 V a.c. into 4800 V a.c.

NP NS

240 V a.c. 4800 V a.c.

Which pair of coils would be suitable for this transformer?

number of turns number of turns

on primary coil NP on secondary coil NS

A 50 1000
B 240 48 000
C 480 24
D 2000 100
41 The diagram shows a transformer.

core

wire coil

Which materials are suitable to use in its construction?

42 The direction of the current flowing in a straight wire X is into the paper.

Which diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field pattern around the wire?

A B C

X X X X
43 A metal rod PQ rests on two horizontal metal wires that are attached to a battery. The rod lies
between the poles of a magnet.

magnet

N
Q metal rod

magnet

When the switch is closed, the rod moves to the right.

What could be changed so that the rod moves to the left?

A Open the switch.

B Reverse the battery terminals and exchange the poles of the magnet.
C Reverse the battery terminals but without exchanging the poles of the magnet.
D Turn the metal rod around (P and Q exchanged).
44 The diagram shows a coil connected to a battery and a switch. Two unmagnetised iron bars hang
freely near opposite ends of the coil.

coil

X Y

iron bar iron bar

What happens to the iron bars when the switch is closed?

A Both X and Y move away from the coil.

B Both X and Y move towards the coil.
C X moves towards the coil, Y moves away from the coil.
D Y moves towards the coil, X moves away from the coil.
45 A wire passes between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. There is a current in the wire in the
direction shown, and this causes a force to act on the wire.

magnet

current
N
wire S

force

Three other arrangements, P, Q and R, of the wire and magnet are set up as shown.

P Q R

S N S
N S N

magnet turned around current direction reversed current direction reversed

and magnet turned around

Which arrangement or arrangements will cause a force in the same direction as the original
arrangement?

A P, Q and R B P and Q only C P only D R only

46 The diagram shows a transformer. The input voltage and the number of turns on each coil are
shown.

400 turns on 800 turns on

primary coil secondary coil

200 V
a.c.

What is the output voltage?

A 100 V B 200 V C 400 V D 800 V

 47 Which device uses slip rings?

A a cathode-ray tube
B a d.c. motor
C an a.c. generator
D a solenoid

48 Which graph shows how the output voltage varies with time for a simple a.c. generator?

A B

voltage voltage

0 0
time time

C D

voltage voltage

0 0
time time
49 A magnet is suspended from a spring so that it can move freely inside a coil. The coil is
connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter.

spring

moving magnet
N

centre-zero ammeter

stationary coil S

What does the ammeter show when the magnet repeatedly moves slowly up and down?

A a reading constantly changing from left to right and right to left

B a steady reading to the left
C a steady reading to the right

50 The diagram shows a simple step-down transformer used to decrease a voltage.

Which part is the primary coil?

B C D
51 Which diagram represents the direction of the magnetic field around a straight wire carrying a
current out of the page?

A B
current out
of page

C D
current out
of page
52 The diagram shows an a.c. generator.

rotation
of coil
coil

N S

output voltage

With the coil in the position shown, the output voltage is +10 V.

When does the output voltage become –10 V?

A when the coil has turned 90°

B when the coil has turned 180°

C when the coil has turned 270°

D when the coil has turned 360°

53 The diagram shows a simple transformer.

core

input output

From which material should the core be made?

A aluminium
B copper
C iron
D steel
54 What is an electric field?

A a region around a wire carrying an electric current in which a compass needle experiences a
force
B a region in which an electric charge experiences a force
C a region in which an electric charge is attracted by the Earth’s gravity
D a region through which electromagnetic radiation is passing

55 A strong electromagnet is used to attract pins.

current core

coil
pins

What happens when the current in the coil is halved?

A No pins are attracted.

B Some pins are attracted, but not as many.
C The same number of pins is attracted.
D More pins are attracted.
56 The diagram shows a transformer.

input output
voltage voltage

primary coil secondary coil

800 turns 40 turns

The input voltage is 240 V.

What is the output voltage?

A 6.0 V B 12 V C 20 V D 40 V

57 The diagram shows a shaded area where the direction of a magnetic field is into the page.

A beam of β-particles enters the field as shown.

magnetic field
into the page

beam of
β-particles

In which direction is the beam of β-particles deflected as they enter the magnetic field?

A into the page

B out of the page
C down the page
D up the page
58 An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field.

The arrow shows the initial direction of motion of the electron.

The direction of the magnetic field is into the plane of the page (away from you).

uniform
magnetic field

electron

In which direction does a force act on the electron when it enters the magnetic field?

A into the page

B out of the page
C towards the bottom of the page
D towards the top of the page
59 The diagram shows an a.c. generator.

rotation
of coil
coil

N S

output voltage

As the coil passes through the position shown, the output voltage is +10 V.

When does the output voltage become –10 V?

A when the coil has turned through 90°

B when the coil has turned through 180°

C when the coil has turned through 270°

D when the coil has turned through 360°

60 A solenoid is connected in series with a sensitive ammeter. The N pole of a magnet is placed
next to one end of the solenoid, marked X.

solenoid

N X

magnet

First, the N pole of the magnet is pushed towards X, then the magnet is pulled away from X.
During both stages the ammeter deflects.

Which type of magnetic pole is induced at X during these two stages?

as N pole moves as N pole moves away

towards X from X

A N pole N pole
B N pole S pole
C S pole N pole
D S pole S pole
61 The diagram shows a transformer.

soft-iron core

primary secondary
coil coil

Which row describes the magnetic field in the soft-iron core and the magnetic field in the
secondary coil when the transformer is operating?

magnetic field
in soft-iron core in secondary coil

A changing changing
B changing constant
C constant changing
D constant constant
62 The diagram shows a wire placed between two magnetic poles of equal strength.

A current passes through the wire in the direction shown. The current causes a downward force
on the wire.

wire

direction
of force
direction
of current

What is the arrangement of the magnetic poles?

S N
A

N S
B

N N
C

S S
D