1.

A computer laboratory is a room meant for

A. Eating and sleeping

B. Teaching and learning with computers

C. Marketing software

D. Typing only

2. Who manages a school computer laboratory?

A. Nurse

B. Lab technician

C. Cleaner

D. Librarian

3. Which of these is NOT allowed in the lab?

A. Sitting

B. Typing

C. Eating and drinking

D. Browsing

4. Lab timetables help to

A. Confuse students

B. Keep computers running

C. Organize lab usage

D. Start lessons late

5. What is an inventory used for?

A. Cooking

B. Singing

C. Recording equipment

D. Formatting systems
6. Who should install software in the lab?

A. Student

B. Technician

C. Visitor

D. Parent

7. Which of these documents helps monitor lab users?

A. Newspaper

B. Syllabus

C. Logbook

D. Drawing book

8. Proper ventilation in the lab helps to

A. Increase dust

B. Reduce heat

C. Block light

D. Make noise

9. Why are lab rules important?

A. To punish users

B. To maintain order and safety

C. To confuse students

D. To encourage theft

10. Which of the following ensures fair access to the lab?

A. Prayer

B. Timetable

C. Uniform

D. Keyboard
11. The Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is meant to

A. Ban computers

B. Guide responsible computer use

C. Promote jokes

D. Clean chairs

12. Who should clean the lab regularly?

A. Assigned personnel

B. Pupils

C. Guests

D. Nobody

13. The purpose of labels on computers is to

A. Identify each computer

B. Make them colorful

C. Block use

D. Hide serial numbers

14. One safety equipment in a lab is

A. Gas cylinder

B. Fire extinguisher

C. Knife

D. Drum

15. Logbooks are used to

A. Watch movies

B. Record computer users

C. Mark exams

D. Fry food
16. The person supervising students in the lab is the

A. ICT teacher

B. Carpenter

C. Cook

D. Driver

17. The lab should not be overcrowded because

A. It’s boring

B. It affects safety and comfort

C. It helps learning

D. It encourages noise

18. One way to prevent dust in the lab is to

A. Open the windows wide

B. Close the windows

C. Remove computers

D. Add fans

19. Which of the following is a reason to shut down computers properly?

A. It’s fun

B. To avoid data loss

C. To waste time

D. To confuse others

20. To access computers fairly, students must

A. Follow the lab timetable

B. Pay money

C. Bring a certificate

D. Visit at night
Section B: Hardware Maintenance (21–40)

21. What does CPU stand for?

A. Central Processing Unit

B. Computer Power Unit

C. Control Processor Utility

D. Central Program Unit

22. The function of RAM is to

A. Store files permanently

B. Print documents

C. Store temporary data

D. Generate power

23. Which device displays output?

A. Mouse

B. Keyboard

C. Monitor

D. Flash drive

24. One tool for opening a system unit is a

A. Screwdriver

B. Ruler

C. Fan

D. Mouse

25. Thermal paste helps in

A. Painting the PC

B. Boosting internet

C. Cooling the processor

D. Formatting hard drives

26. One component that stores data permanently is

A. RAM

B. Hard disk

C. Processor

D. Cache

27. What connects all computer components?

A. RAM

B. Fan

C. Motherboard

D. CD-ROM

28. One sign of faulty RAM is

A. Clear display

B. System crashing/freezing

C. Fast internet

D. Loud audio

29. Which tool is used to clean dust inside the PC?

A. Broom

B. Pen

C. Brush or compressed air

D. Spoon

30. The power supply unit gives

A. Audio signals

B. Electrical power

C. Documents
D. Cooling

31. What helps protect the PC from sudden electricity spikes?

A. Surge protector

B. Printer

C. UPS battery

D. Earphones

32. What part stores BIOS settings?

A. CPU

B. CMOS battery

C. SSD

D. Monitor

33. Which device controls overheating?

A. Keyboard

B. Fan

C. USB

D. Flashlight

34. Which device can damage hardware if misused?

A. Mouse

B. Screwdriver

C. Flash

D. Fan

35. Dust in a computer can cause

A. Good cooling

B. Clean air

C. Overheating
D. Fast speed

36. Why should you not touch inside the PC carelessly?

A. It tickles

B. It can damage parts

C. It feels hot

D. It’s boring

37. What happens if the CPU overheats?

A. Faster performance

B. System shutdown

C. Clear display

D. Virus attack

38. POST stands for

A. Power-On Self Test

B. Program Output Sequence Test

C. Primary Operating Software Tool

D. Power Output Setup Timer

39. One sign of hard disk failure is

A. Smooth operation

B. Clicking sounds

C. Speed boost

D. Bright screen

40. RAM means

A. Random Addition Memory

B. Random Access Memory

C. Real Application Module

D. Remote Access Machine

Section C: Software & Troubleshooting (41–60)

41. Software is a set of

A. Tools

B. Cables

C. Instructions

D. Passwords

42. Antivirus is used to

A. Format disks

B. Clean hardware

C. Protect against viruses

D. Lock computers

43. Disk Cleanup helps to

A. Paint the screen

B. Remove junk files

C. Freeze the system

D. Brighten display

44. Formatting a disk

A. Erases all data

B. Makes it noisy

C. Plays music

D. Reboots the computer

45. System Restore is used to

A. Install games

B. Return the system to a good state

C. Watch videos

D. Print documents

46. A frozen program can be ended using

A. Internet Explorer

B. Browser

C. Task Manager

D. Antivirus

47. Ctrl + Shift + Esc opens

A. Command prompt

B. Task Manager

C. Calculator

D. Settings

48. A driver allows

A. A computer to sleep

B. Hardware to communicate with software

C. Shutdown

D. Games to play

49. System crashing may be caused by

A. Good power

B. Faulty RAM or virus

C. Screen saver

D. Mouse movement

50. Firewalls protect from

A. Rain

B. Students
C. Unauthorized access

D. Electric power

51. Safe mode is used to

A. Type

B. Watch movies

C. Troubleshoot problems

D. Print fast

52. A virus is a

A. Toy

B. Cable

C. Harmful program

D. USB device

53. Bugs in software cause

A. Faster operation

B. Errors

C. Clear graphics

D. Shutdown

54. An example of utility software is

A. Antivirus

B. Word processor

C. Music player

D. Game

55. Uninstalling unused software

A. Slows the PC

B. Frees up space
C. Deletes OS

D. Causes virus

56. Regular updates

A. Improve performance

B. Reduce RAM

C. Add dust

D. Increase viruses

57. Scanning USB drives helps

A. Prevent virus infections

B. Increase power

C. Reduce data

D. Change password

58. The Control Panel allows users to

A. Manage system settings

B. Watch movies

C. Play games

D. Paint

59. System backup means

A. Copying important data

B. Restarting PC

C. Formatting

D. Hacking

60. One example of a security tool is

A. Antivirus software

B. Mouse
C. WordPad

D. Calculator

1. The following are the ways of connecting a keyboard to the system unit except the:

A. P/S 2 port

B. USB port

C. VGA port

D. Wireless

2. All the following are pointing devices except the:

A. Bar code reader

B. Mouse

C. Stylus

D. Touch screen

3. The CPU consists of two main parts, namely the control unit and the:

A. ALU

B. Hard disk

C. RAM

D. ROM
4. The operations of computers are based on:

A. Instructions

B. Problems

C. Tasks

D. None of the above

5. The expansion slot is located on the:

A. CPU

B. DVD drive

C. Hard disk

D. Motherboard

6. The following do not convert machine-readable data to human-readable information

except the:

A. Input device

B. Input and output devices

C. Output device

D. Storage device

7. If you have wrist pain, the best keyboard to use will be the:

A. Ergonomic

B. Flexible

C. Standard

D. Wireless

8. Troubleshooting can be best defined as:

A. A simple way of diagnosing a complex problem

B. A systematic way of diagnosing a problem

C. Checking connections and reviewing error messages

D. Responding to questions posed by tech support

9. Which of the following is not a computer peripheral?

A. Keyboard

B. Monitor

C. Webcam

D. None of the above

10. Which of the following programs is said to exhibit the following characteristics:

Job accounting

Control over system performance

Aids in error detection

Interacts with the operators

A. Assemblers

B. Compilers

C. Interpreters

D. Operating System
11. Mr. Stone turns on a PC and the boot-up process halts, giving him the message: "Non-
System disk or disk error ... replace and press any key when ready", the problem is likely:

A. A key on the keyboard is stuck and the keyboard should be replaced.

B. A non-bootable floppy disk is in the floppy-disk drive and you should remove it.

C. RAM has failed and you should replace it.

D. The hard drive has failed and you should replace it.

12. What is the most likely cause of a Blue Screen of Death (Windows Error) on a typical
home computer?

A. Bad computer memory (RAM) causes most Windows errors.

B. Bugs in Microsoft Windows cause most Windows errors.

C. Bugs in non-Microsoft products cause most Windows errors.

D. Damage to the operating system (Windows) from a computer virus.

13. What is the significance of the "beeps" during the boot process of a PC?

A. The number of beeps describes the overall condition of the PC's hardware.

B. The number of beeps describes the speed of the processor.

C. The number of beeps describes the speed of the RAM.

D. You can tell how powerful the PC is by the loudness or intensity of the beeps.

14. If, upon booting up a PC, you see a message that says "Invalid drive configuration," it
could very likely be:

A. The hard drive cable within the system unit is not attached to the controller.

B. The hard drive has failed.

C. The hard drive has not been partitioned.

D. Any of the above.

15. Allan Sulphur, just after powering a computer ON, hears one short beep. Which of the
following best describes the beep?

A. Error in the system memory.

B. Graphic card setting error.

C. Okay indicating there is no error.

D. ROM issue.

16. What is the first thing to do when your computer screen freezes?

A. Reboot the computer.

B. Scan for a virus.

C. Unplug the power cable.

D. Wait for some time.

17. What does the Windows Error code "Run time error 5" mean?

A. Invalid procedure call.

B. No more connections allowed.

C. The system cannot find the file specified.

D. The system cannot find the specified device.

18. It is a code that is displayed when a web page is no longer available.

A. 302 Found.

B. 404 Not Found.

C. 500 Internal Error.

D. 502 Bad Gateway.

19. Which of the following codes is likely to be displayed when there is a problem with the
server?

A. 302 Found.

C. 500 Internal Error.

B. 404 Not Found.

D. 502 Bad Gateway.

20. Which of the following is not a common solution to Blue Screen of Death?

A. Boot into safe mode before trying to fix a problem.

B. Make sure your computer isn't overheating.

C. Scan for malware that is causing the crash.

D. None of the above.

1. Which of the following is not a function of computer?

A. Accepts data or instructions.
B. Gives out results in the form of output.
C. Processes data as required by user.
D. None of the above mentioned.
Answer: D. None of the above mentioned.

2. It best describes the main physical and natural threats to computers.

I. Drinking and eating near computers
II. Dust
III. Heat
IV. Moisture
A. I, and II
B. I, II, and III
C. I, II, III and IV
D. I, II and IV
Answer: C. I, II, III and IV

3. The best keyboard to use if one has wrist pain is the ______ keyboard.
A. ergonomic
B. flexible
C. standard
D. wireless
Answer: A. ergonomic

4. Which of the following is not a computer peripheral?

A. Keyboard
B. Monitor
C. Webcam
D. None of the above
Answer: D. None of the above

5. Which of the following is the most likely cause of a Blue Screen of Death (Windows
Error) on a typical home computer?
A. Bad computer memory (RAM) causes most Windows errors.
B. Bugs in Microsoft Windows cause most Windows errors.
C. Bugs in non-Microsoft products cause most Windows errors.
D. Damage to the operating system (Windows) from a computer virus
Answer: A. Bad computer memory (RAM) causes most Windows errors.

6. Which of the following best describes the one short beep?

A. Error in the system memory
B. Graphic card setting error
C. Okay indicating there is no error
D. ROM issue
Answer: C. Okay indicating there is no error

7. When a computer becomes completely frozen or unresponsive, the first solution is to

______.
A. locate and select windows explorer from the processes tab and click restart
B. restart windows explorer by pressing and holding Ctrl+Alt+Delete
C. unplug the power cable
D. do none of the above mentioned
Answer: B. restart windows explorer by pressing and holding Ctrl+Alt+Delete
8. The set of related and organized instructions that a computer follows to perform a task is
known as ______.
A. data
B. guidelines
C. hardware
D. software
Answer: D. software

9. Madam Awotwe suspects that her computer has been attacked by a virus. Which of the
following will not be affected by the virus?
A. Boot sector
B. CMOS
C. Floppy disks
D. Program file
Answer: B. CMOS

10. Brushing and cleaning the inside and outside of your computers come under ______.
A. computer maintenance
B. computer repairs
C. troubleshooting
D. All of the above mentioned
Answer: A. computer maintenance

11. What is the most likely reason why students are not permitted to eat or drink in Prof
Sulphur Stone's ICT lab?
A. Allow vents
B. A void mouse
C. A void rodents and other pests
D. Protect mouse
Answer: C. A void rodents and other pests

12. The benefit of computer maintenance includes all the following except ______.
A. detection of issues early before they become problems
B. minimization of software efficiency
C. prevention against viruses and malware
D. speeding up the computer
Answer: B. minimization of software efficiency
13. When a computer is switched on, which of the following occur if the computer's power
supply may be bad or the voltages might be wrong?
A. Long, continuous beep
B. One long beep, two short beeps
C. Steady short beeps
D. Steady, long beeps
Answer: A. Long, continuous beep

14. Which of the following is not computer maintenance to be practised?

A. Don't overcharge the batteries
B. Magnets should be kept away
C. There should be desiccant on hand
D. None of the above mentioned
Answer: D. None of the above mentioned

15. Windows is reporting that your hard drive is developing bad sectors. What is the first
thing that you will do?
A. Change the hard drive
B. Run antivirus
C. Run the "thorough" option of scandisk
D. None of the above mentioned
Answer: C. Run the "thorough" option of scandisk

16. Mr. Stone turns on a PC and the boot-up process halts, giving him the message: "Non-
System disk or disk error ... replace and press any key when ready". The problem is likely:
A. a key on the keyboard is stuck and the keyboard should be replaced
B. a non-bootable floppy disk is in the floppy-disk drive and you should remove it
C. RAM has failed and you should replace it
D. the hard-drive has failed and you should replace it
Answer: B. a non-bootable floppy disk is in the floppy-disk drive and you should remove it

17. Which of the following is best described as a major hardware component of the general-
purpose computer system?
I. Central processing unit
II. Input Unit
III. Main memory
IV. Output unit
A. I and II
A. I, II, and III
B. I, II, III and IV
C. I, II and IV
Answer: B. I, II, III and IV

18. It is a component of a system unit.

I. Motherboard
II. Power supply Unit/block
III. RAM
IV. Video card
A. I, and II
B. II, and III
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III and IV
Answer: D. I, II, III and IV

19. It is not a feature of application software.

A. It is easy to comprehend
B. It is easy to design
C. It is generally written in a low-level language
D. It is slow in speed
Answer: C. It is generally written in a low-level language

20. Which of the following best describe a common solution to blue screen of death
(BSOD)?
I. Boot the computer into safe mode prior to fixing the problem
II. Make sure fan is working
III. Restart computer after cleaning and brushing
IV. Scanning for malware
A. I, II and III
B. I, II, and IV
C. I, III and IV
D. II, III and IV
Answer: B. I, II, and IV
21.Who is responsible for maintaining discipline in the ICT lab?
A. The students
B. The teacher
C. The headteacher
D. The technician
Answer: B. The teacher

22.Which of these is a benefit of good laboratory management?

A. Prevents accidents
B. Causes confusion
C. Leads to disorganization
D. Encourages laziness
Answer: A. Prevents accidents

23.The person who ensures the lab rules are followed is the:
A. Cleaner
B. Head of school
C. Class prefect
D. Lab attendant
Answer: D. Lab attendant

24.Which of these is not a laboratory rule?

A. No eating in the lab
B. Report faulty equipment
C. Eating in the lab
D. Keep the lab tidy
Answer: C. Eating in the lab

25.Proper arrangement of equipment helps to:

A. Make the lab spacious
B. Reduce ventilation
C. Confuse users
D. Encourage eating
Answer: A. Make the lab spacious

26.Who is responsible for opening the ICT lab daily?

A. Headmaster
B. Class teacher
C. Lab attendant
D. Watchman
Answer: C. Lab attendant

27.A good lab layout must include:

A. Curtains
B. Proper ventilation
C. Posters
D. Carpets
Answer: B. Proper ventilation

28.Which item ensures safety in the ICT lab?

A. Flashlight
B. Extension board
C. Mouse pad
D. Fire extinguisher
Answer: D. Fire extinguisher

29.An organized lab promotes:

A. Effective teaching
B. Misuse of resources
C. Noise-making
D. Confusion
Answer: A. Effective teaching

30.Lab rules help to:

A. Make noise
B. Misuse computers
C. Ensure safety
D. Sleep in the lab
Answer: C. Ensure safety

31.The process of keeping the computer system in good condition is called:

A. Maintenance
B. Formatting
C. Installation
D. Deletion
Answer: A. Maintenance

32.Which is a type of maintenance?

A. Regular maintenance
B. Preventive maintenance
C. Intensive maintenance
D. Temporary maintenance
Answer: B. Preventive maintenance

33.Cleaning the mouse and keyboard is an example of:

A. Corrective maintenance
B. Preventive maintenance
C. Improper maintenance
D. Emergency maintenance
Answer: B. Preventive maintenance
34.Replacing a damaged power supply unit is a type of:
A. Emergency maintenance
B. Routine maintenance
C. Corrective maintenance
D. Diagnostic maintenance
Answer: C. Corrective maintenance

35.A tool used for opening a system unit is a:

A. Screwdriver
B. Blower
C. Hammer
D. Brush
Answer: A. Screwdriver

36.A sudden loss of power can be prevented using a:

A. Fan
B. Scanner
C. UPS
D. Printer
Answer: C. UPS

37.Which of these helps in preventing dust in a PC?

A. UPS
B. Blower
C. Vacuum cleaner
D. Computer casing
Answer: D. Computer casing

38.One reason for PC maintenance is:

A. To change the PC color
B. To prolong the life of the PC
C. To destroy the system
D. To play games
Answer: B. To prolong the life of the PC

39.When should PC maintenance be done?

A. Regularly
B. Never
C. Once a year
D. Only when faulty
Answer: A. Regularly

40.A symptom of a faulty computer is:

A. It glows
B. It smiles
C. Failure to boot
D. Plays music
Answer: C. Failure to boot

41.Which of these is a maintenance tool?

A. Antistatic wrist strap
B. Headphone
C. Modem
D. Webcam
Answer: A. Antistatic wrist strap

42.Before opening a computer system, you must:

A. Pour water
B. Install antivirus
C. Turn it off and unplug
D. Blow air
Answer: C. Turn it off and unplug

43.Which tool is used to blow out dust?

A. Hammer
B. Blower
C. Flat file
D. USB drive
Answer: B. Blower

44.An example of software maintenance is:

A. Cleaning the CPU
B. Changing mouse
C. Updating antivirus
D. Using cotton bud
Answer: C. Updating antivirus

45.The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to:

A. Prevent electrostatic discharge
B. Decorate the wrist
C. Increase temperature
D. Measure pressure
Answer: A. Prevent electrostatic discharge

46.Which of these should not be used in cleaning a monitor?

A. Soft cloth
B. Monitor cleaner
C. Air blower
D. Water
Answer: D. Water
47.Which tool is used to tighten screws?
A. Screwdriver
B. Hammer
C. File
D. USB
Answer: A. Screwdriver

48.A cause of electric shock in the lab is:

A. Using UPS
B. Bare wires
C. Having tables
D. Sitting down
Answer: B. Bare wires

49.Which of these is used to test power supply?

A. USB tester
B. Screwdriver
C. Multimeter
D. Spanner
Answer: C. Multimeter

50.A way to prevent injuries in the lab is to:

A. Follow safety rules
B. Play games
C. Ignore rules
D. Sleep in lab
Answer: A. Follow safety rules

SECTION B

Answer TWO questions from this Section.

1.

a. What is computer?

Answer:

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it according to set
instructions, stores information, and produces output.
 b. Explain the following as used in computers and give two examples of each:

i. Input devices

Input devices are hardware used to enter data and instructions into a computer.

Examples: Keyboard, Mouse.

ii. Output devices

Output devices present information processed by the computer.

Examples: Monitor, Printer.

c. Give any five operations or functions of a computer

1. Inputting data
2. Processing data
3. Outputting results
4. Storing information
5. Controlling and coordinating computer operations

d. Explain the following as used in computers and give two examples of each:

i. Personal computers

Personal computers are general-purpose computers designed for individual use.

Examples: Desktop computer, Laptop.

ii. Mainframe

Mainframes are large, powerful computers used by organizations for bulk data processing and
critical applications.

Examples: IBM Z series, UNIVAC.

2.
 a. Distinguish between a post code and beep code

A POST code is a hexadecimal value shown by the motherboard during the Power-On Self-Test,
indicating specific diagnostic information.

A beep code Is an audible signal (beeps) from the BIOS to indicate hardware status or errors
during startup.

b.

i. Simple solution will you offer when your computer won’t turn on?

Check if the power supply is connected and switched on, and ensure the power cable and outlet
are working.

ii. What is an HTTP Status code?

An HTTP Status code is a 3-digit code returned by a web server to indicate the status of a request
(e.g., 200 for success, 404 for not found).

b. The message “Missing Operating System” appears on your screen. Identify any four
possibilities the problem could be and describe the solution to each

1. Boot device does not contain an OS – Solution: Install an operating system.

2. Boot sequence set incorrectly in BIOS – Solution: Reconfigure BIOS boot order
to select the correct drive.
3. Hard disk connection is loose or faulty – Solution: Check and reseat the cables
connecting the hard drive
4. Master Boot Record (MBR) is corrupted – Solution: Repair the MBR using
recovery tools or OS installation media.

3.

a. Define software troubleshooting

Software troubleshooting is the process of diagnosing and resolving problems or faults within
computer software or operating systems.
b.

i. The screen of your computer appears blank. Give three possible solutions you will
employ to deal with this problem
1. Check if the monitor is switched on and the cables are connected securely.
2. Try a different monitor or cable to rule out hardware failure.
3. Restart the computer and check if the graphics card is seated properly

ii. A computer is frozen. Describe any two possible solutions to this problem.
1. Try pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete to open Task Manager and end unresponsive tasks.
2. If unresponsive, perform a hard reboot by holding down the power button until
the PC turns off, then turning it back on.

iii. You can’t hear the sound from your computer. State any two possible ways to solve
this problem
1. Check the audio cable and ensure speakers or headphones are properly connected
and powered.
2. Ensure the volume is not muted at both the system and application levels, and that
the correct playback device is selected.

c.

i. Give any five daily tasks required to enable a computer operate properly.
1. Update antivirus software
2. Scan for malware
3. Clean temporary and junk files
4. Backup important data
5. Ensure all cables and hardware are in order

ii. An application is frozen. Describe any two possible solutions to this problem.
1. Use Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc) to end the unresponsive application.
2. Restart the computer to clear all running processes and allow a fresh start.

QUESTION 1
a. What is computer troubleshooting? (3 marks)

Computer troubleshooting is the process of diagnosing, identifying, and resolving problems or faults in a
computer system. It involves systematic steps to determine the cause of a computer malfunction and
implementing the appropriate solution to fix it.

b. Identify any four (4) common computer problems. (12 marks)

1. Computer Not Powering On

Cause: Faulty power supply or loose power cables.

Solution: Check and replace power cables or power supply unit.

2. Computer Freezes or Crashes Frequently

Cause: Overheating, malware, or insufficient RAM.

Solution: Clean internal fans, scan for malware, and upgrade RAM.

3. No Display on Monitor

Cause: Faulty graphics card or disconnected video cable.

Solution: Check and reconnect video cable or replace graphics card.

4. Unresponsive Keyboard or Mouse

Cause: USB port issue or driver failure.

Solution: Test with another port or reinstall the driver.

QUESTION 2

Identify any five (5) devices inside the system unit and describe their functions. (15 marks)

1. Motherboard

It is the main circuit board that houses the CPU, memory, and other essential components. It connects
all parts of the computer and allows communication between them.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Known as the “brain” of the computer, it processes instructions and performs calculations and tasks that
allow the computer to operate.

3. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Temporarily stores data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks. It helps speed up
processing and multitasking.

4. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid State Drive (SSD)

These are storage devices used to permanently store operating systems, software, and user files.

5. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Converts electricity from a wall outlet into usable power for the computer components. It distributes
appropriate voltage to the motherboard and other devices.

QUESTION 3

a. What is computer maintenance? (3 marks)

Computer maintenance refers to the regular checking, cleaning, updating, and repairing of computer
hardware and software systems to ensure optimal performance, security, and longevity.

b. Discuss any four (4) types of computer maintenance. (12 marks)

1. Preventive Maintenance

Activities done to prevent future problems, such as cleaning hardware, updating software, and checking
for viruses.

2. Corrective Maintenance

Fixing issues after they occur, such as replacing a faulty hard drive or reinstalling an operating system.

3. Adaptive Maintenance

Updating systems to work with new software or hardware requirements, such as upgrading RAM or
updating drivers for compatibility.

4. Predictive Maintenance

Using software tools to predict potential failures before they occur, allowing for proactive measures to
be taken.

QUESTION 4

a. What is bandwidth? (3 marks)

Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network or internet
connection in a given amount of time, usually measured in bits per second (bps).

b. Explain any four (4) differences between RAM and ROM. (12 marks)
 RAM ROM

Temporary memory Permanent memory

Data is lost when power is off Data is retained even when power is off

Used to run applications Stores firmware or BIOS

Can be read from and written to Can only be read (or limited writing)

QUESTION 5

a. What is computer laboratory management? (3 marks)

Computer laboratory management refers to the planning, organization, and control of resources and
activities within a computer lab to ensure its effective and safe use by users.

b. Despite the safety measures you may have put in place as a computer laboratory manager, explain
any five (5) threats your users may still be exposed to. (12 marks)

1. Cyber Attacks (Viruses, Malware, etc.)

Even with antivirus software, some advanced threats may penetrate the system.

2. Electrical Hazards

Power surges or exposed wires may pose risks despite protective measures.

3. Data Theft or Unauthorized Access

Users may still fall victim to phishing or weak password issues.

4. Hardware Damage

Accidental drops, spills, or overheating can still damage equipment.

5. Eye Strain and Posture Issues

Extended computer use without breaks or improper seating can cause health problems.

1(a) – Four reasons why a computer is running slowly

➢ Too many startup programs – Many apps loading at boot consume RAM/CPU.
➢ Low or fragmented storage space – HDD fragmentation or low disk space reduces
speed.
 ➢ Malware or viruses – Malicious software runs in the background, hogging resources.
➢ Insufficient RAM or outdated hardware – Low memory or an old CPU struggles with
modern apps.

1(b) – Four solutions to improve performance

➢ Disable unnecessary startup apps – Use Task Manager to manage boot programs
➢ Free and optimize storage – Run Disk Cleanup, defragment HDDs, or upgrade to SSD.
➢ Scan and remove malware – Use antivirus or Windows Defender to clean the system.
➢ Upgrade hardware – Add more RAM or replace old CPU/drive for better speed.

1(c) – Four reasons why a computer reboots randomly

➢ Overheating hardware – High CPU/GPU temps trigger automatic reboots.

➢ Faulty or unstable power supply (PSU) – Power surges or weak PSU cause restarts.
➢ Corrupted drivers or system files – Bad OS files can crash the system.
➢ Hardware failure (RAM or motherboard) – Failing RAM/motherboard causes random
reboots.

1(d) – Four solutions to fix random reboots

➢ Prevent overheating – Clean fans, apply thermal paste, ensure good ventilation.
➢ Test/replace PSU and cables – Use a reliable power source and secure all connections.
➢ Repair OS files – Run sfc /scannow and DISM; update Windows.
➢ Test hardware – Use MemTest86 for RAM, check motherboard for faults, and replace
bad components.

2(a) – Screen is black with message “VGA MODE NOT SUPPORTED” – H: 31.4KHz, V: 70.0Hz

Two Causes:

➢ Incorrect screen resolution or refresh rate set; The graphics card is sending a signal
that the monitor cannot handle.
➢ Outdated or corrupted graphics drive; A bad driver may cause the system to default to
an unsupported display mode.

Two Solutions:
 ➢ Boot into Safe Mode: Restart the computer, press F8 (or Shift + F8) to enter Safe Mode,
and reset the resolution to a supported one (e.g., 1024x768).
➢ Update or reinstall graphics driver: Use Device Manager or download the correct
driver from the manufacturer’s website.

2(b) – No sound from the computer (sound device not working)

Two Causes:

➢ Audio driver not installed or corrupted: The system cannot communicate with the
sound hardware.
➢ Speakers muted or disabled: Audio may be muted in Windows settings or via keyboard
shortcut.

Two Solutions:

➢ Reinstall or update sound drivers

Use Device Manager → Audio inputs and outputs → Update driver.

➢ Enable and test audio settings

Right-click the speaker icon → Open Sound Settings → Set correct playback device → Test.

2(c) – Keyboard and mouse freeze at login screen

Two Solutions:

➢ Try Safe Mode boot

Restart and press F8 to access Safe Mode. If input devices work, the issue may be driver-related.

➢ Uninstall and reinstall input drivers

Use Device Manager in Safe Mode to uninstall keyboard and mouse drivers. Reboot to let Windows
reinstall them.

➢ Check USB ports and try different ones

Faulty or disabled USB ports can prevent devices from working.

➢ Reset BIOS to defaults

If USB legacy support is disabled in BIOS, keyboard and mouse may not work before Windows loads.
Resetting BIOS can fix this.

3(a) – Discuss two possible causes why your computer won’t shut down and just hangs

Cause 1: Background applications are still running

Programs like updates, installations, or apps not closing properly delay shutdown.

Cause 2: Corrupted system files

Missing or damaged Windows components can interfere with the shutdown process.

Cause 3: Driver conflicts

Outdated or incompatible drivers (especially graphics or chipset) can freeze shutdown.

Cause 4: Fast Startup feature enabled

On some PCs, Fast Startup may cause the system to hang during shutdown.

3(b) – Suggest two possible solutions to solve the problem

Solution 1: End background processes

Use Task Manager to close running apps before shutdown.

Solution 2: Run System File Checker

Use sfc /scannow to fix corrupted files.

Solution 3: Update or reinstall drivers

Especially graphics, chipset, and network drivers.

Solution 4: Disable Fast Startup

Go to Control Panel → Power Options → Choose what the power buttons do → Uncheck "Turn on fast
startup".

3(c) – Startup says ‘Press F1 or Delete to Continue’, won’t go to Windows until you press it

Cause 1: CMOS battery failure

The system loses date/time and BIOS settings, requiring manual confirmation.

Cause 2: Hardware misconfiguration or loose connection

Missing or incorrectly connected devices (e.g., keyboard, HDD, fan).

Cause 3: BIOS settings error

Incorrect boot priority or misconfigured BIOS options.

Cause 4: External drive connected

Some systems pause at boot if an external USB is connected.

Two possible solutions

Solution 1: Replace the CMOS battery

Use a new CR2032 battery.

Solution 2: Enter BIOS, correct the time/date and save settings

Set the correct boot device and exit BIOS.

Solution 3: Disconnect external devices

Remove USB drives or peripherals before boot.

Solution 4: Check internal connections

Ensure all hardware is properly seated and recognized.

3(d) – Invalid System Disk Message on Laptop: Two solutions

Solution 1: Remove non-bootable media

E.g., USB flash drive, CD/DVD, or external hard drive with no OS.

Solution 2: Set the correct boot drive in BIOS

Enter BIOS/UEFI settings and set the internal hard drive as the first boot option.

Solution 3: Repair boot sector

Use Windows Recovery Media → choose “Repair your computer” → Command Prompt → run:

bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot

bootrec /scanos

bootrec /rebuildbcd

Solution 4: Replace corrupted or damaged hard drive

If the disk is unreadable or failing, replace it and reinstall the OS.

4.Troubleshooting Common Computer Startup and Installation Errors

A. – Error 0271: Check Date & Time + Lock Icon

Causes:

➢ CMOS battery failure (dead RTC battery).

➢ BIOS password protection or corrupted BIOS settings.
Solutions:

➢ Replace CMOS battery (CR2032) and reset BIOS settings.

➢ Enter BIOS, set date/time, save & reboot.
➢ If lock icon appears, enter password or reset BIOS via motherboard jumper.

B. – Windows Installation: No Hard Disk Drives Installed

Causes:

➢ Faulty or loose SATA/IDE cable.

➢ Hard drive not detected or damaged.
Solutions:

➢ Verify hard disk is detected in BIOS, enable SATA/AHCI mode.

➢ Reseat or replace SATA/IDE cables or port.
➢ Test HDD/SSD on another PC; replace if faulty.
➢ Load required SATA/AHCI drivers during Windows installation.

C. – Application Failed (0xc0000005) on Startup

Causes:

➢ Corrupt or missing system files.

 ➢ Faulty RAM or incompatible drivers.
Solutions:

➢ Boot in Safe Mode, run sfc /scannow and DISM repair tool.
➢ Perform a clean boot, uninstall faulty programs/drivers.
➢ Scan for malware & fix registry errors.
➢ Test RAM and replace if defective.

E. – Summary

Error 0271 = CMOS/BIOS issue → Fix: Replace battery, reset BIOS.

No HDD during install = Connection/driver issue → Fix: Check cables, enable SATA/AHCI, load
drivers.

0xc0000005 = System files/RAM issue → Fix: SFC, DISM, malware scan, RAM test.

5(a) – Error Code 80244019 with Windows Update

What type of error is this?

Error Code 80244019 is a Windows Update error that typically means:

➤ The system is unable to connect to Windows Update servers.
➤ It may be caused by internet connection issues, disabled update services, or malware.

How to fix the problem (4 Solutions):

➢ Check internet connection

Ensure the PC is connected to a stable network.

➢ Restart Windows Update Services

Run the following commands in Command Prompt (as Administrator):

net stop wuauserv

net start wuauserv

➢ Run the Windows Update Troubleshooter

Go to Settings → Update & Security → Troubleshoot → Windows Update.

➢ Scan for malware

Use Windows Defender or Malwarebytes to scan for threats that may block updates.

5(b) – Computer beeps 5 times

What does it mean?

Five beeps during startup is a BIOS beep code, often indicating: ➤ Processor (CPU) failure or
➤ Real-Time Clock (RTC) error (often related to CMOS battery failure).

How to fix the problem (4 Solutions):

➢ Reset the CMOS

Remove and reseat the CMOS battery (CR2032), or clear the CMOS jumper.

➢ Replace CMOS battery

If the battery is weak or dead, replace it with a new one.

➢ Check CPU connection

Ensure the CPU is correctly seated and the cooling fan is working.

➢ Replace or update BIOS firmware

If the motherboard supports it, update to the latest BIOS version.

5(c) – Explain the term computer port

A computer port is a physical or virtual connection point used to connect peripheral devices to the
computer.

➢ It allows data to be sent and received between the system and external hardware.
➢ Examples include USB ports, HDMI ports, and audio jacks.

5(d) – Difference between male and female ports (with examples)

Male Ports:
 ➢ Have pins or protruding connectors.
➢ Plug into female ports.
Examples:

USB male plug

VGA male connector

Female Ports:

➢ Have holes or sockets to receive male connectors.

➢ Found on devices like PCs and monitors.
Examples:

USB port on a laptop

VGA port on a projector

5(e) – Computer unable to start: 2 causes and solutions

Two Possible Causes:

➢ Dead or weak power supply unit (PSU)

➢ Corrupted boot files or missing OS

Two Solutions:

➢ Test or replace the power supply

Use a working PSU or power cable to test.

➢ Repair OS using bootable media

Boot from Windows installer → Select “Repair your computer” → Use Startup Repair.

Question 6:

System Boards and Component Identification

a. Understanding Memory
b. Working with Disk Drives
 c. Installation and Support of Hard Drives
d. Power Supply

System Boards and Component Identification

The system board, also known as the motherboard, is the main circuit board of a computer. It connects
and allows communication between all internal components like the CPU, RAM, storage devices, power
supply, and peripheral interfaces.

Common Components on a Motherboard:

➢ CPU socket
➢ RAM (memory) slots
➢ SATA/IDE connectors for disk drives
➢ PCI/PCIe expansion slots
➢ CMOS battery
➢ Power connectors (24-pin ATX and 4/8-pin CPU)
➢ USB headers and I/O ports
➢ Chipset (northbridge/southbridge or PCH)

a. Understanding Memory

Key Points:

➢ RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory used to temporarily store data that
the CPU actively uses.
➢ Types of RAM include DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5 – differing in speed and compatibility.
➢ RAM is measured in GB (e.g., 4GB, 8GB, 16GB) and directly affects performance.
➢ Installed in memory slots on the motherboard; usually comes in DIMM (desktop) or SO-
DIMM (laptop) form.

b. Working with Disk Drives

Key Points:

➢ Disk drives store data permanently – either as HDD (mechanical) or SSD (solid-state).
➢ Connected via SATA, NVMe, or IDE interfaces depending on the motherboard.
➢ SSDs are faster, more shock-resistant, and energy-efficient compared to HDDs.
➢ Use BIOS or Disk Management to detect and configure disk drives.
c. Installation and Support of Hard Drives

Steps and Guidelines:

➢ Turn off the system and unplug the power before installation.
➢ Mount the hard drive in its bay and secure with screws or brackets.
➢ Connect the SATA data cable from the drive to the motherboard.
➢ Connect the SATA power cable from the PSU to the drive.
➢ Enter BIOS to confirm drive is detected, then format/partition in Disk Management.

d. Power Supply

Key Points:

➢ The Power Supply Unit (PSU) converts AC to DC power for all system components.
➢ Rated in watts (e.g., 450W, 650W) – must match or exceed the system’s power needs.
➢ Supplies power to motherboard, CPU, drives, and peripherals via multiple connectors.
➢ Common connectors:
24-pin ATX for motherboard

4/8-pin EPS for CPU

6/8-pin PCIe for GPU

SATA/Molex for drives

7.Assembling Components of a Computer and Upgrading

a. Motherboard
b. Assembling the parts (Installing Power Supply, Processor, Cables, Memory, Optical Drives, Using PCI
slots, Hard Drives, Heat Sink, Fan)
c. Formatting and Partitioning of Drives

7(a) – Motherboard

What is a Motherboard?

The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that connects and enables communication
between the CPU, RAM, storage, power supply, and peripheral components.
It determines the type of processor, memory, and other hardware that can be used.

Key Features:

➢ CPU socket
➢ RAM slots
➢ SATA/NVMe connectors for storage
➢ Expansion slots (PCIe)
➢ Power connectors
➢ Chipset for data flow management
➢ BIOS/UEFI firmware

7(b) – Assembling the Parts

Step-by-step Assembly Process:

➢ Install the Power Supply Unit (PSU):

Secure the PSU into the case. Connect 24-pin and 4/8-pin cables to the motherboard.

➢ Install the Processor (CPU):

Open the CPU socket latch, place the processor in the correct orientation, and lock it.

➢ Install RAM (Memory Modules):

Align the RAM with the slot and press down until it clicks into place.

➢ Install Optical Drives (if needed):

Mount into the 5.25” bay, connect SATA data and power cables.

➢ Install Hard Drives or SSDs:

Place in drive bays. Connect SATA/Power cables to both motherboard and PSU.

➢ Install Heat Sink and Fan:

Apply thermal paste on the CPU. Mount the heat sink/fan on top. Connect the fan to the CPU_FAN
header.

➢ Connect Cables:
Front panel (Power, Reset, LED), USB, Audio, and other headers.

➢ Install Expansion Cards (e.g., GPU, Wi-Fi):

Insert into PCIe slots, screw to the case for stability.
 ➢ Power On and Test:
Turn on the PC, enter BIOS to check all components are detected.

7(c) – Formatting and Partitioning of Drives

What is Formatting?

Formatting prepares a storage device (HDD/SSD) with a file system like NTFS or FAT32 so it can store
data.

What is Partitioning?

Partitioning divides a hard disk into sections (partitions) for better file organization or OS management.

Steps Using Windows Installer or Disk Management:

➢ Open Disk Management (diskmgmt.msc) or use Windows Setup.

➢ Right-click unallocated space → select New Simple Volume.
➢ Choose partition size, assign a drive letter, and format (NTFS).
➢ For formatting in Setup: choose the drive → click Format → proceed with installation.

Summary Checklist for Assembling:

Motherboard securely screwed in place

CPU installed with thermal paste & cooler

RAM and storage installed correctly

PSU connected to board and drives

BIOS detects all parts before OS installation

Partitioned and formatted drive ready for OS

9. Discuss in detail how to diagnose common computer hardware issues

Diagnosing Common Computer Hardware Issues

Diagnosing hardware issues involves observing symptoms, performing physical checks, and using
diagnostic tools to pinpoint faulty components.

1. Identify Visible Symptoms

Start by observing and recording the issue:

No power or no boot

Display issues (no screen, artifacts, flickering)

No sound output

USB devices or keyboard/mouse not responding

Hard drive not detected

Beeping sounds (BIOS beep codes)

Overheating or fan running loudly

2. Perform Physical Inspection

Check for:

Loose cables and connectors

Dust buildup in fans or components

Damaged ports, power supplies, or RAM sticks

Bulging capacitors or burnt smell on the motherboard

3. Use Beep Codes and LED Indicators

Beep codes (e.g., 1 beep = OK, 5 beeps = CPU error) help identify POST issues.

Some motherboards have diagnostic LEDs to signal issues with CPU, RAM, GPU, etc.
4. Test Components One by One

Component-wise diagnosis:

RAM (Memory) Issues

Symptom: PC boots but restarts or blue screens.

Fix: Reseat RAM or use MemTest86 to test modules.

Hard Drive/SSD Issues

Symptom: "No boot device", slow performance, clicking sounds.

Fix: Check BIOS detection. Use tools like CrystalDiskInfo or CHKDSK.

Power Supply Issues

Symptom: No power, random shutdowns.

Fix: Use PSU tester or try known-working PSU.

Display/GPU Issues

Symptom: No display, artifacts, color problems.

Fix: Reseat or replace GPU; connect monitor to integrated graphics if available.

Overheating

Symptom: PC shuts down suddenly.

Fix: Clean fans and heatsinks; reapply thermal paste.

5. Use Diagnostic Software Tools

Windows Memory Diagnostic – for RAM.

Device Manager – to check driver and hardware status.

BIOS/UEFI – check if hardware is detected.

Manufacturer tools – Dell SupportAssist, HP PC Hardware Diagnostics, etc.

6. Replace or Repair Faulty Components

Once a component is confirmed to be faulty:

Replace RAM, PSU, or motherboard.

Reinstall device drivers.

Reformat hard drive if corrupt (after data backup).