Simple Machines
Simple Machines Vocabulary
Let's learn these important words! Say each word aloud and point to an example when you see it.
Lever Inclined Plane Wedge
Like a bottle opener or seesaw that pivots on a A sloped surface like a ramp that makes it A pointed tool like a knife that splits things
point to lift objects. easier to move objects upward. apart.
Pulley Wheel & Axle Screw
A wheel with a rope that helps lift heavy A wheel attached to a rod, like a steering A twisted inclined plane, like a jar lid or wood
objects, like on a flagpole. wheel or door knob. screw.
What Are Simple Machines?
Simple machines are tools with few or no moving parts that make
work easier. They help us:
Lift heavy objects
Move things more easily
Change the direction of force
Increase speed or distance
Simple machines don't create energy4they just help us use our
energy more efficiently!
Fill in the blanks:
A wedge helps cut food.
A pulley helps raise a flag.
Match the Machine
Can you match these everyday objects to the correct simple machine? Use the word bank to help you!
Inclined Plane Screw Lever + Wedge
This sloped surface makes it easier to move This twisted inclined plane helps join things This tool combines two simple machines to
down (or up) instead of straight down. together or open and close containers. make cutting easier!
Word Bank: Inclined Plane, Screw, Lever, Wedge, Pulley, Wheel & Axle
How Do Simple Machines Work?
Simple machines trade force for distance. They make work easier, but you often have to move farther!
Lifting Directly (Hard) Using a Ramp (Easier)
Requires MORE FORCE over a short distance Requires LESS FORCE but over a longer distance
This trade-off between force and distance is what makes simple machines so useful!
Simple Machines Scavenger Hunt
Let's find simple machines in our everyday environment! Work with a partner to find examples of each type.
1 2
In the Classroom At Home
Pencil sharpener (wheel & axle) Door hinges (wheel & axle)
Scissors (lever + wedge) Light switch (lever)
Doorstop (wedge) Stairs (inclined plane)
Blinds (pulley) Bottle cap (screw)
Take a photo or draw the simple machines you find! Can you identify which type each one is?
Compound Machines
When we combine two or more simple machines, we create a compound machine!
Simple Machines
Individual machines like levers, wedges, and wheels
Combined Together
Multiple machines working as one tool
Compound Machines
More complex tools like scissors, bicycles, and can openers
Let's Discuss!
Talk with a partner or in small groups about these questions:
Which simple machine do you think is most useful? Why? What compound machines do you use every day?
Think about which one you use most often or which one helps Can you identify the simple machines that make up these
with the most difficult tasks. compound machines?
Extension Activity: Invent a new machine by combining at least two simple machines! Draw your invention and explain how it works.
Grammar Focus: Comparatives
When we talk about simple machines, we often compare them using comparative
adjectives.
Examples from Our Lesson Your Turn!
A ramp is easier than lifting directly. Complete these sentences:
A pulley reduces the force needed.
1. A lever is stronger than a wedge.
Using a lever is better for lifting
2. A wheel makes moving faster than
heavy objects.
sliding.
3. A screw holds things more securely
than a wedge.
