Dev-ops Laboratry
NAME : DHILEEP D EXP NO : 01
ROLL NO : 2105014 DATE : 16-02-24
File and disk management:
ls Lists files and directories in current directory
kvmja@LAPTOP-R1G4F0FA MINGW64 /d/CIT_SEM-6/DevOps-Lab
$ ls
a-practical-guide-to-git-and-github-for-windows-users-from-beginner-expert-in--
pr_3db1dc271a9fb555a83687ecd52385eb.pdf
chap4-practice.docx
week-1.docx
week-2.docx
'~$week-1.docx'
ls - l Lists files and directories with information such as permissions,
ownership, size and modification date
$ls -l
total 16389
-rw-r--r-- 1 kvmja 197609 16727623 Mar 7 12:11 a-practical-guide-to-git-and-github-for-
windows-users-from-beginner-expert-in--pr_3db1dc271a9fb555a83687ecd52385eb.pdf
-rw-r--r-- 1 kvmja 197609 19793 Mar 7 12:57 chap4-practice.docx
-rw-r--r-- 1 kvmja 197609 18199 Feb 23 09:20 week-1.docx
-rw-r--r-- 1 kvmja 197609 11990 Feb 23 11:59 week-2.docx
-rw-r--r-- 1 kvmja 197609 162 Mar 20 07:06 '~$week-1.docx'
ls -a Lists all files and directories including hidden ones
kvmja@LAPTOP-R1G4F0FA MINGW64 /d/CIT_SEM-6/DevOps-Lab
$ ls -a
./
../
a-practical-guide-to-git-and-github-for-windows-users-from-beginner-expert-in--
pr_3db1dc271a9fb555a83687ecd52385eb.pdf
chap4-practice.docx
week-1.docx
week-2.docx
'~$week-1.docx'
cat -b Inserts line numbers to non-blank line
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ cat -b demo.txt
1 Hi I am Muthu
2 I am from cse department
3 My native is Tenkasi
4 :wq
cat -n Inserts line numbers to all lines
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ cat -n demo.txt
1 Hi I am Muthu
2 I am from cse department
3 My native is Tenkasi
4 :wq
cat -s Squeezes multiple blank lines into a single blank line while displaying the
file contents
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ cat -s demo.txt
Hi I am Muthu
I am from cse department
My native is Tenkasi
end
cat –E Displays contents of a file ending with a $ symbol in each line
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ cat -e demo.txt
Hi I am Muthu$
I am from cse department$
My native is Tenkasi$
:wq$
chmod Changes permissions of a file or directory
chown Changes ownership of a file or directory
dd Copies raw data from one file/ device to another
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ dd if=test.txt of=new_demo.txt
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
113 bytes copied, 0.0011164 s, 101 kB/s
tail Displays last 10 lines of a specified file
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ tail demo.txt
end
find Finds files and directories based on specific criteria
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ find ./ *.txt
./
./demo.txt
./new.txt
./new_demo.txt
./test.txt
demo.txt
new.txt
new_demo.txt
test.txt
scp Copies securely files between hosts on a network using SSH (Secure Shell)
protocol
df Estimates space used by entire file system
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
C:/Program Files/Git 409037820 23237780 385800040 6% /
D: 66559996 110440 66449556 1% /d
du displays the amount of disk space used by individual file
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ du
8 .
Pwd This command will print your directory location, where you currently
admin@DESKTOP-5EIPL5P MINGW64 ~/Desktop/git_practice
$ pwd
/c/Users/admin/Desktop/git_practice
Text Manipulation:
sort -r: Sorts the output in reverse order.
sort -n: Sorts the output numerically.
sort -f: Sorts the output ignoring the case.
cut: Extracts specific portion from a file or input stream.
diff: Compares two files and displays the differences between them.
tr: Translates or deletes characters from standard input and writes to standard output.
sed: Editor used for modifying text.
uniq: Filters out duplicate lines in a file.
Vim: Text editor used in Linux.
System Information:
uname -o: Displays the operating system name.
uname -m: Displays the machine hardware name.
uname -r: Displays the kernel release number.
lscpu: Displays information about the CPU.
Text Searching:
grep -i: Performs a case-insensitive search.
grep -n: Displays the line numbers of the matched pattern.
grep -v: Inverts the search and displays all lines that do not match the pattern.
grep -c: Shows a count of the number of lines that match the pattern.
User Group Management:
sudo useradd <username>: Creates a new user account with the specified username.
sudo passwd <username>: Changes the password for the specified user.
sudo userdel <username>: Deletes the specified user account from the system.
sudo groupadd <groupname>: Creates a new group with the specified group name.
sudo groupdel <groupname>: Deletes the specified group from the system.
sudo usermod -g <groupname> <username>: Modifies the primary group of the
specified user to the specified group.
id: Displays the user ID (uid) and group ID (gid) of the current user.
id -g <groupname>: Displays the group ID (gid) of the specified group.
id -u <username>: Displays the user ID (uid) of the specified user.
id <username>: Displays the user ID (uid), group ID (gid), and supplementary group
IDs (sgid) of specified user.
Process Management:
htop: Interactive process viewer that displays system resource usage in real-time.
ps: Lists information about currently running processes.
kill: Sends a signal to a process to terminate it.
history: Displays the list of previously executed commands.
free: Displays the amount of free and used memory in the system.
Package Management:
apt-get: Handles packages on Ubuntu-based systems.
sudo apt-get remove: Removes a package from the system.
Network Configuration & Monitoring:
ifconfig: Displays network interface configuration information.
ifconfig -a: Displays all interface available even if those are down.
ifconfig -s: Displays short list of network interface.
ip: Displays and manages routing, devices, and tunnels.
ip address: Displays all IP addresses related with all network devices.
ip link: Shows all network interfaces available on the system.
nslookup: Queries the DNS server for information about a domain name or IP address.
route: Access the Linux kernel's routing tables.
iptables: Sets up, maintains, and inspects the tables of IPv4/IPv6 packet filter rules in
the Linux kernel firewall.
netstat: Displays network connections and network statistics.
ssh: Connect to the host as a user.
ssh-keygen: Creates a pair of public and private authentication keys.
telnet: Client-server protocol used to establish a connection to a remote computer.
nmap: Scans hosts and services on a network.
curl: Facilitates the transfer of data to or from a server.
ping: Ping a host and check if it is responding.
System Monitoring:
lsof: Lists all files opened by any process of a system.
lsof -u username: Lists all files opened by a specific user.
RESULT
Above linux commands has been successfully executed and verified.
