Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal

Branch- Common to All Discipline

ES301 Energy & Environmental 3L-1T-0P 4 Credits

Engineering

The objective of this Course is to provide an introduction to energy systems and renewable
energy resources, with a scientific examination of the energy field and an emphasis on
alternative energy sources and their technology and application.

Module 1: Introduction to Energy Science:

 Introduction to energy systems and resources; Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the
environment; Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage;
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future,
Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and
hydrogen; Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems;
possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects,
superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

Module2: Ecosystems
• Concept of an ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem; Producers, consumers
and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem; Ecological succession; Food chains, food
webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and
function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c)
Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Module 3: Biodiversity and its conservation

• Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Bio-geographical
classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social,
ethical, aesthetic and option values; Biodiversity at global, National and local levels; India
as a mega-diversity nation; Hot-sports of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss,
poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India;
Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Module 4: Environmental Pollution

 Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution,
Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear
hazards; Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of
urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution;
Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and
landslides.
Module 5: Social Issues and the Environment

• From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy;

Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and
rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming,
acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies
Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection
Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of
Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in
enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

Module 6: Field work

• Visit to a local area to document environmental assets-

river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain
• Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
• Study of common plants, insects, birds.
• Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

REFERENCE

1. Brunner R.C., 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc.

2. Clark R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford (TB).
3. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001,
Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumabai,
4. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
5. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules Guidelines, Compliances
and Standards’, Vol I and II, Enviro Media (R)
6. Boyle, Godfrey, Bob Everett, and Janet Ramage (Eds.) (2004), Energy Systems and
Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future. Oxford University Press.
7. Schaeffer, John (2007), Real Goods Solar Living Sourcebook: The Complete Guide
to Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Living, Gaiam
 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula

Electrical Engineering, III-Semester

EE302 Electromagnetic Field & Materials

Unit –1

Gauss law, its integral and differential forms and its applications, multipoles, potential energy, energy
density in an electric field, dielectrics , electric polarization, polarizability, permittivity, Clausius –
mossotti equation, electric displacement, Gauss’s law in dielectrics, dielectric materials, dielectric
function, refractive index and absorption coefficient, dielectric relaxation and losses. Maxwell’s first
equation, Divergence, poisson’s and Laplace equation and their solutions. Capacitance, electrostatic
energy conduction at a boundary between dielectrics.

Unit –2
Fields due to moving charge, magnetic field, Ampere’s law, particles motion in E and B fields,
Hall Effect, electro-static and magnetic focusing, magnetic materials:dia, para and ferromagnetic,
soft and hard magnetic materials, B,M and H vectors, Ampere’s law for magnetic materials,
hysteresis, magnetic circuits.

Unit –3
Electromagnetic waves, plane electromagnetic waves, wave equation and solution, Poynting
vector, wave propagation through dielectric and conductors, phase velocity, reflection and
refraction absorption skin depth, and energy flow density of a wave. Boundary conditions.

Unit –4
Semiconducting materials, band theory of semiconductors, band-to-band transitions, theory of p-n
junction and p-n devices, mobility of charge carriers.

Unit –5
Conductivity of metals, electron scattering and resistivity of metals, heat developed in a current – carrying
conductor, superconductivity.

Text Books :
1. A.J.Dekkar, “ Electrical Engg. Materails”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Limited, 2005.
2. C.S. Indulkar, ”Electrical Engineering Materials”, S.Chand & Company Limited, 2008.
3. E.C. Jordan, K.G. Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, second
edition, Prentice Hall, 1968.

Reference Books :
1. William Hart Hayt, John A. Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, eight edition,
Mcgraw-Hill, 2012.
2. Matthew N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, fifth edition Oxford University
Press, 2010.
3. Bhag Singh Guru, Huseyin, “Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals”, second
edition, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula

Electrical Engineering, III-Semester

EE303 Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of the course is to introduce operation principles of instruments, terminology
related to measurements and to have an adequate knowledge in measurement techniques for voltage,
current, power and energy.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction, History and overview of measurement system, Fundamentals of Measurement system, Static
and Dynamic Characteristics of measurement systems: Systematic Characteristics, Generalized model,
Transfer function, Techniques for dynamic compensation, Accuracy of measurement systems in steady
state: Measurement error, Error probability function, Error reduction techniques, Reliability, Choice and
Economics of measurement systems. Loading effects due to shunt connected and series connected
instruments, calibration curve, Testing & calibration of instruments.

Galvanometers – Theory, principle of operation and construction of ballistic galvanometer, D’arsonal

galvanometer, Definition of analog & digital instruments, Classification of analog instruments, their
operating principle, Operating force, Types of supports, Damping, Controlling.

Different types of Ammeter & Voltmeter – PMMC, MI, Electrodynamometer, Induction, Expression
for control & deflection torque, their advantages, disadvantages & error, Extension of range of
instruments using shunt & multiplier.

Digital Voltmeter, Ammeter, Multimeter and Wattmeter.

Instrument transformers: Potential and current transformers, ratio and phase angle errors, testing of
instrument transformers, Difference between CT and PT, errors and reduction of errors.

Measurement of power: Power in AC and DC Circuit, Electrodynamometer type of wattmeter,

Construction, theory, operation & error, Low power factor & UPF wattmeter, Double element and three
element dynamometer wattmeter, Measurement of power in three phase circuit, one, two & three
wattmeter method, Measurement of reactive power by single wattmeter, Measurement of power using
CTs & PTs.

Measurement of Energy: Single phase and three phasedigital / Electronic energy meter – construction &
operation – Energy flow and power calculations, errors – Testing by phantom loading, Tri-vector meter,
Maximum demand meter, Ampere hour meter.

Power factor meter– Single phase and three phase Electro-dynamometer type & moving iron type.
Frequency meter – Vibrating reed, Resonance type & Weston type, Synchronoscope,
Ohmmeter –series & stunt type, Megger & Ratio meter.
Resistance Measurement – Classification of low, medium & high resistance – Voltmeter-Ammeter
method, Wheatstone Bridge, Kelvin’s double bridge & loss of charge methods for resistance
measurement, Earth resistancemeasurement.
Magnetic Measurement – B-H Curve, Hysteresis Loop determination, Power loss in sheet metal – Lloyd
Fischer square for measurement of power loss.

Topics for the laboratory (Expandable):

1. Measurement of low resistance using Kelvin’s Double bridge

2. Measurement of medium resistance using Wheatstone’s bridge
3. Measurement of high resistance by loss of charge method
4. Measurement of Insulation resistance using Megger
5. Measurement of earth resistance by fall of potential method and verification by using earth tester
6. Measurement of power in a single phase ac circuit by 3 voltmeter/ 3 Ammeter method
7. Calibration of a dynamometer type of wattmeter with respect to a standard/Sub Standard wattmeter
8. Calibration of single phase digital/ Electronic type energy meter.
9. Calibration of a dynamometer type of wattmeter by Phantom Loading method.
10. Measurements using Instrument Transformers.
11. Study of various types of Indicating Instruments.
12. Measurement of Power in three phase circuit by one, two & three wattmeters.

COURSE OUTCOME:

After successful completion of course, Students are expected to possess an in-depth understanding and
Knowledge of the concepts and principles of measurement of electrical and non electrical viz. physical
quantities and instruments.

EVALUATION
Evaluation will be continuous an integral part of the class as well through external assessment. Laboratory
assessment will be based on external assessment, assignments, presentations, and interview of each
candidate.

Text book:-
1. A.K. Sawhney; ‘A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation’; Dhanpat
Rai & co(p) Ltd ,New Delhi

Reference books:-
1. G. K. Banerjee,’ Electrical and Electronic Measurements’. PHI Learning Pvt.Ltd.
2. R. B. Northrop,’ Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurement’; CRC press Taylor & Francis
3. Vijay Singh;’ Fundamentals of Electrical & Electronic Measurements’, New Age International
Publishers.
 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula

Electrical Engineering, III-Semester

EE304 Analog Electronics

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this course is to develop an in-depth understanding of the design principles and
applications of integrated analog circuits.

COURSE CONTENT

Semiconductor Diodes: Theory of P-N junction, temperature dependence and break down
characteristics, junction capacitances, Zener diode, Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, PIN diode,
LED, Photo diode, Schottky diode, Diode applications: series –parallel configurations, full
wave and half wave rectification, voltage multiplier circuits, diode testing

Transistors: BJT, types& configuration, working principal, characteristics, and region of

operation, load line, biasing methods, Small signal analysis of transistor (low frequency) using
h-parameters, thermal runaway and thermal stability.FET, MOSFET, Transistor as an amplifier,
gain,bandwidth, frequency response,

Feedback amplifierand Oscillators: Feedback amplifier, negative feedback, voltage-series,

voltage shunt,current series and current shunt feedback, Sinusoidal oscillators, L-C (Hartley-
Colpitts) oscillators, RC phase shift, Wien bridge, and Crystal oscillators. Power amplifiers,
class A, class B, class A B, C amplifiers, their efficiency and power Dissipation, Push-pull and
complimentary symmetry push-pull amplifier.

Wave Shaping circuits: Switching characteristics of diode and transistor, turn ON, OFF time,
reverse recovery time, transistor as switch, Multivibrators, Bistable, Monostable, Astable
multivibrators. Clipper and clamper circuit, Differential amplifier, calculation of differential,
common mode gain and CMRR using h- parameters, Darlington pair, Boot strapping technique.
Cascade and cascade amplifier.

Operational Amplifier: Operational amplifier basics, practical Op-amp circuits &

characteristics, slew rate , bandwidth, offset voltage ,basic current, application, inverting, non-
inverting amplifier, summer, average, differentiator, integrator, differential amplifier,
instrumentation amplifier, log and antilog amplifier, voltage to current and current to voltage
converters, comparators Schmitt trigger , active filters, 555 timer and its application.

Topics for the laboratory (Expandable):

1. Design & measure the frequency response of an RC coupled amplifier using discrete components.
2. Design a two stage RC coupled amplifier and determine the effect of cascading on gain and
bandwidth.
 3. Study the effect of voltage series, current series, voltage shunt and current shunt feedback on
amplifier using discrete components.
4. Design & realize inverting, non‐inverting and buffer amplifier using 741 op‐amps.
5. Verify the operation of a differentiator circuit using op amp IC 741 and show that it acts as a high
pass filter.
6. Verify the operation of a integrator circuit using op amp 741 and show that it acts as a low pass
filter.
7. Design & Verify the operation of adder and subtractor circuit using op amp 741.
8. Plot frequency response of AC coupled amplifier using op amp 741 and study the effect of
negative feedback on the bandwidth and gain of the amplifier.
9. Study of IC 555 as astable and monostable multivibrator.
10. Design & realize using op amp 741, wein‐bridge oscillator

COURSE OUTCOME:

After successful completion of course, Students are expected to able in applying theory and realize analog
filter circuits, Understand the circuit operation of the 555 timer IC and regulator IC and identifying the
faulty components within a circuit.

EVALUATION
Evaluation will be continuous an integral part of the class as well through external assessment. Laboratory
assessment will be based on external assessment, assignments, presentations, and interview of each
candidate.

REFERENCES
1. Robert L Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky; Electronic Devices and Circuits; Pearson
2. Jacob Millman, Cristos C Halkias, Satyabrata Jit; Electronic Devices and Circuits; McGraw- Hill
3. Anil K Maini, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Wiley
4. S Salivahanan, N Suresh Kumar; Electronic Devices and Circuits; McGraw- Hill
 RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula

Electrical Engineering, III-Semester

EE305 Network Analysis

COURSE OBJECTIVE

This Course introduces examination of electrical & electronic circuit analysis & synthesis tools &
techniques such as the Laplace transform, nodal analysis & two port network theory.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction to circuit elements R,L,C and their characteristics in terms of linearity & time
dependent nature, voltage & current sources controlled & uncontrolled sources KCL and KVL
analysis, Nodal & mesh analysis, analysis of magnetically coupled circuits, Transient analysis :-
Transients in RL, RC&RLC Circuits, initial conditions, time constants. Steady state analysis-
Concept of phasor & vector, impedance & admittance, Network topology, concept of Network
graph, Tree, Tree branch & link, Incidence matrix, cut set and tie set matrices, dual networks,
Dot convention, coupling co- efficient, tuned circuits, Series & parallel resonance.

Network Theorems for AC & DC circuits- Thevenins & Norton’s, Superpositions, Reciprocity,
Compensation, Substitution, Maximum power transfer, and Millman’s theorem, Tellegen’s
theorem, problems with dependent & independent sources.

Frequency domain analysis – Laplace transform solution of Integro-differential equations,

transform of waveform synthesized with step ramp, Gate and sinusoidal functions, Initial &
final value theorem, Network Theorems in transform domain

Concept of signal spectra, Fourier series co-efficient of a periodic waveform, symmetries as

related to Fourier coefficients, Trigonometric & Exponential form of Fourier series.

Network function & Two port networks – concept of complex frequency, Network & Transfer
functions for one port & two ports, poles and zeros, Necessary condition for driving point &
transfer function. Two port parameters – Z, Y, ABCD, Hybrid parameters, their inverse &
image parameters, relationship between parameters, Interconnection of two ports networks,
Terminated two port network.

Topics for the laboratory (Expandable):

1. To Verify Thevenin Theorem.

2. To Verify Superposition Theorem.
3. To Verify Reciprocity Theorem.
4. To Verify Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
5. To Verify Millman’s Theorem.
6. To Determine Open Circuit parameters of a Two Port Network and to Determine Short Circuit
 parameters of a Two Port Network.
7. To Determine A,B, C, D parameters of a Two Port Network
8. To Determine h parameters of a Two Port Network
9. To Find Frequency Response of RLC Series Circuit.
10. To Find Frequency Response of RLC parallel Circuit.

COURSE OUTCOME

Student after successful completion of course must be able to apply the Thévenin, Norton, nodal and
mesh analysis to express complex circuits in their simpler equivalent forms and to apply linearity and
superposition concepts to analyze RL, RC, and RLC circuits in time and frequency domains and also to
analyze resonant circuits both in time and frequency domains.

EVALUATION
Evaluation will be continuous an integral part of the class as well through external assessment. Laboratory
assessment will be based on external assessment, assignments, presentations, and interview of each
candidate.

REFERENCES

1. M.E. Van Valkenburg, Network Analysis,Pearson

2. William H Hayt. & Jack E. Kemmerly, Steven M Durbin; Engineering Circuit Analysis;McGrawHill
3. Richard C Dorf, James A Svoboda, Introduction to Electric Circuits, Wiley India, 2015
4. Charles K. Alexander & Matthew N.O. Sadiku: Electrical Circuits; McGrawHill
5. J David Irwin, Robert M Nelms, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Wiley India,2015
6. Robert L Boylestad, introductory circuit analysis, Pearson,2016
7. M S Sukhija, T K Nagsarkar; Circuits and Networks, Oxford University Press, 2015
8. Samarajit Ghosh, Network Theory Analysis and Synthesis