Worksheet of Computer Organization

Fill in the Blanks State True or False

Question 1 Question 1
A program which acts as an interface Control unit sends control signals to ALU
between the user and hardware is and memory for carrying out the required
called ___________ operations.

Question 2 Question 2
A collection of 4 bits is called a _____. A light pen is a pointing device that can be
used to select anything on the computer
Question 3 screen by simply pointing at it or for
A collection of 8 bits is called a Byte. drawing figures directly on the screen.

Question 4 Question 3

____ is read-only memory that stores some RAM operates much faster than cache
pre-written instructions. memory.
.
Question 7
The ______ in computers is capable of Question 4
performing arithmetic and logical 1 GB = 1024 KB.
operations.
Question 5
Question 8
An operating system acts as an interface
______ controls all the hardware between the user, computer hardware and
operations of a computer system. software.
Question 9 Question 8
A _______ is a non-volatile high-capacity The primary memory unit stores data and
storage device ranging from 1 GB to instructions permanently.
several terabytes.
Question 9
Question 10
ROM is volatile in nature.
_______memory speeds up access to data
and instructions stored in RAM. Question 10

Question 11 External memory allows the permanent

storage of large quantities of data.
_____ is the term used for a program being
run by the computer. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
What is the full form of IPO?

1. Input Process Output

 2. Input Print Output Which of the following are sub-units that
3. Internet Print Output make the CPU?
4. Internet Process Output
1. Control unit
2. ALU
Question 2
3. Both (i) and (ii)
Which is the fastest memory device?
4. None of these
1. RAM
Question 8
2. Register
3. Blu-ray Disc Which is/are a type(s) of OS?
4. Hard Disk
1. Single-user OS
2. Multi-user OS
Question 3
3. Time-sharing OS
What is the full form of RAM?
4. All of these
1. Read Access Memory
Question 9
2. Random Access Memory
3. Raw Access Memory 1 TB is equivalent to:
4. Right Access Memory
1. 210 bytes
2. 210 MB
Question 4
3. 210 GB
ROM is a
4. 210 KB
1. volatile memory
Question 10
2. non-volatile memory
3. Both (i) and (ii) Storage of 1 KB means the following
number of bytes:
4. None of these
1. 1000
Question 5
2. 964
What is an information? 3. 1024
4. 1064
1. Processed data
2. Collection of programs
Question 11
3. Collection of instructions
One Megabyte is equivalent to:
4. None of these
1. 210 bytes
Question 6
2. 220 bytes
Which of the following falls under 3. 230 bytes
utilities?
4. None of these
1. Text editor
Question 12
2. Backup
3. Disk defragmenter Identify the input device(s):
4. All of these
1. Speaker
2. Printer
Question 7
3. Keyboard
 4. Plotter 1. CU
2. ALU
Question 13 3. Processor
Which of the following is referred to as the 4. All of these
brain of computer?
Question 18
1. CPU Which of the following memory types will
2. RAM store data or information permanently?
3. Hard Drive
4. ROM 1. RAM
2. Cache
Question 14 3. Hard disk
............... is capable of recognizing a pre- 4. All of these
specified type of mark made with dark
pencil or ink. Question 19
Convert the following into Kilobytes:
1. OCR
2. OMR 2.7 GB = ............... Kilobytes
3. MICR
1. 2831155.2
4. Barcode Reader
2. 2764.8
Question 15 3. 2831155.02
4. 2764.08
............... reads a sequence of lines of
different heights and widths that are Answer
printed on various types of products.
2831155.2
1. OCR
Reason — To convert gigabytes (GB) to
2. OMR
kilobytes (KB), we use the following
3. MICR conversion factors:
4. Barcode Reader
1 GB = 1024 MB (megabytes)
1 MB = 1024 KB (kilobytes)
Question 16
First, convert gigabytes to megabytes:
............... uniquely identifies a person on
2.7 GB * 1024 = 2764.8 MB
the basis of physical or behavioural traits
such as fingerprints, DNA, etc. Next, convert megabytes to kilobytes:
2,764.8 MB * 1024 = 2831155.2 KB
1. Touch screen
2. Biometric sensor Therefore, 2.7 GB equals 2831155.2
kilobytes.
3. Optical character reader
4. QR code Question 20
Spreadsheet is an example of ............... .
Question 17
Which smaller unit of CPU directs and 1. Application Software
coordinates all activities within it and 2. System Software
determines the sequence in which 3. Operating System
instructions are executed, sending 4. Utility Software
instruction sequence to other smaller
units? Answer
Application Software 2. Both A and R are true but R is not
the correct explanation of A.
Reason — Spreadsheet is a type of
application software used for organizing, 3. A is true but R is false.
analyzing, and storing data in tabular form. 4. A is false but R is true.

Question 21 Question 3
An operating system with a touch-based Assertion (A): Cache memory is placed
interface is ............... . between CPU and main memory (RAM).

1. Android Reasoning (R): Cache memory stores

2. iOS frequently used data and instructions so
that they are immediately available to the
3. Both 1 & 2 CPU.
4. None of these
1. Both A and R are true and R is the
Answer correct explanation of A.
Both 1 & 2 2. Both A and R are true but R is not
the correct explanation of A.
Reason — Both Android and iOS are 3. A is true but R is false.
operating systems with touch-based
interfaces. 4. A is false but R is true.

Assertions and Reasons Question 4

Assertion (A): Registers are the
Question 1 components that provide internal storage
to the CPU.
Assertion (A): Computer is an electronic
device that accepts input, processes it and Reasoning (R): User has direct access to
displays the output. CPU registers.
Reasoning (R): Computer is a
1. Both A and R are true and R is the
combination of hardware and software.
correct explanation of A.
Every task given to it follows IPO cycle.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not
the correct explanation of A.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A. 3. A is true but R is false.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not 4. A is false but R is true.
the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false. Question 5
4. A is false but R is true. Assertion (A): Operating system is the
most important utility software.
Question 2
Reasoning (R): Utility Software are
Assertion (A): Primary memory is the essential for maintenance and
main memory inside computer that holds configuration of the computer system.
data, programs and instructions that are
currently in use. 1. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A.
Reasoning (R): Secondary memory is
2. Both A and R are true but R is not
used for permanent storage of data for
the correct explanation of A.
future use.
3. A is true but R is false.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the 4. A is false but R is true.
correct explanation of A.
Question 6 Explain the types of operating systems
with examples.
Assertion (A): Operating system acts as
an interface between a user and computer Answer
hardware.
Types of Operating systems are as follows:
Reasoning (R): Operating system
Time-Sharing Operating System —
manages all the resources of a computer.
Multiple users share system resources
simultaneously, and the OS ensures that
1. Both A and R are true and R is the
each user gets a slice of computing time.
correct explanation of A.
Examples, Unix.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not
the correct explanation of A. Multi-User Operating System — Allows
3. A is true but R is false. multiple users to access the computer
4. A is false but R is true. resources simultaneously. Examples,
Linux.
Question 7 Single-User Operating System —
Assertion (A): Three types of translators Designed for one user to access the
used in computing system are assemblers, computer at a time. Examples, Windows
compilers and interpreters. 10, macOS.

Reasoning (R): A translator is used to Question

convert program written in high-level How can software be classified? Name at
language to binary language. least one software in each of the
categories.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A. Answer
2. Both A and R are true but R is not Depending on the mode of interaction with
the correct explanation of A. hardware and functions to be performed,
3. A is true but R is false. software can be broadly classified into
4. A is false but R is true. three categories:

Question 1. System Software — System

software refers to the programs that
List some of the hardware in computer
control internal computer
equipment.
operations and make best use of the
Answer hardware. For example, operating
system, language translators etc.
Some hardware components found in 2. Application Software —
computer equipment are: Application Software is the set of
programs necessary to carry out
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) operations for a specified
2. Motherboard application. For example, word
3. RAM (Random Access Memory) processing software, spreadsheet
4. Keyboard software etc.
5. Mouse 3. Utility Software — Utility
6. Printer software helps to manage, maintain
and control computer resources.
7. Monitor
For example, text editor, antivirus
software etc.
Question
Question
What is an operating system? Write names 1. RAM (Random Access
of any two popular operating systems. Memory) — It is a read/write
memory as it is possible to both
Answer
read from and write to a location
An operating system is an integrated set of within RAM. It is used for primary
programs that manages various resources storage in computers to hold active
and the overall operations of a computer information of data and
system. It is designed to support the instructions. The RAM is a volatile
various activities of the computer system memory as it does not store data
in a systematic way. and instructions permanently and
loses its contents when the power is
For example, Microsoft Windows, Linux, switched off or interrupted. RAM
etc. provides faster access than
Question 11 secondary memory with less
memory access time. The RAM
Specify the measuring units of memory. chip in a computer can be
categorized into two types:
Answer
i. Static RAM (SRAM)
The measuring units of memory are bit
ii. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
(elementary unit), byte, Kilobyte,
Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, 2. ROM (Read-Only Memory) — It
Exabyte, Zettabyte, Yottabyte, Brontobyte, is a read-only memory, i.e., the
Geopbyte. data and instructions are placed in
the ROM at the time of its
Question 12 manufacturing and cant be changed
Identify the category (system, application, thereafter. It is a permanent and
programming tool) of the following non-volatile memory as it does not
software: lose its contents when the power is
switched off or interrupted. It is
(a) Compiler slower than RAM and is used to
(b) Assembler hold certain essential instructions
to check basic hardware
(c) Ubuntu components such as booting,
(d) Text Editor procedures to load operating
system and frequently needed
Answer functions. The different types of
(a) Compiler — Programming Tool ROM available are:

(b) Assembler — Programming Tool i. PROM (Programmable

Read-Only Memory)
(c) Ubuntu — System Software ii. EPROM (Erasable
Programmable Read-Only
(d) Text Editor — Application Software
Memory)
Question iii. EEPROM (Electrically
Erasable Programmable
What do you mean by memory devices? Read-Only Memory)
Explain RAM and ROM.
Answer Question
Memory devices are hardware components What are output devices? Give some
that store data or program instructions for examples.
a computer.
Answer
Output devices are the devices that Answer
produce the output generated by the CPU
(a) ALU — Arithmetic and Logic Unit
in human understandable form, such as
audio, video, text or hard copy, viz. printed (b) GUI — Graphical User Interface
documents.
Question
For example: Visual Display Unit
(VDU)/Monitor, LCD Screen, LED Check the size of RAM and HDD of a
Screen, OLED, Printer, Speakers, Plotters computer in your school. Make a table and
etc. write their size in Bytes, Kilobytes,
Megabytes and Gigabytes.
Question 15
Answer
List different types of impact printers.
The table with sizes for RAM and HDD of
Answer a computer:
The different types of impact printers are Megab Giga
as follows: Compo Kilobytes
Bytes ytes bytes
nent (KB)
(MB) (GB)
1. Dot Matrix Printers
2. Daisy Wheel Printers 8,589,934, 8,388,608 8,192
RAM 8 GB
3. Line Printers 592 Bytes KB MB
4. Band Printers
549,755,8
5. Drum Printers 536,870,9 524,28 512
HDD 13,888
12 KB 8 MB GB
Bytes
Question
Given below are some features of
computer memories—RAM and ROM. Question 23
List the below-given features under RAM List all the secondary storage devices
or ROM: available at your school or home.
(a) Non-volatile Memory Answer
(b) Content can't be changed The secondary storage devices available at
(c) Volatile Memory school or home are as follow

(d) Can be written to and read from 1. Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)
2. Solid State Drives (SSDs)
Answer
3. USB Flash Drives (Pen Drives)
RAM ROM 4. External Hard Drives
5. Compact Discs (CDs)
Non-volatile
Volatile Memory 6. Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)
Memory
7. Blu-ray Discs
Can be written to and Content can't be 8. Memory Cards (SD cards,
read from changed microSD cards)

Question 19 Question 24

Expand the following terms: Which operating system is installed on

your computer at home or in school?
(a) ALU
Answer
(b) GUI
The operating system installed on the Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State
computer at home is Windows 11, while Drive (SSD), Flash Memory)
the one installed at school is Windows 10. 2. To execute a program — Random
Access Memory (RAM)
Question 25 3. To store instructions which cannot
Convert the following into bytes: be overwritten — Read-Only
Memory (ROM)
(a) 2 MB
(b) 3.7 GB Question 28
(c) 1.2 TB How is an interpreter different from
compiler on these parameters?
Answer
(a) Memory requirement during translation
(a) 2 MB — 2 MB * 1024 KB/MB *
1024 bytes/KB = 2 * 1024 * 1024 = (b) Memory requirement after translation
2,097,152 bytes (c) Number of instructions translated
(b) 3.7 GB — 3.7 GB * 1024 MB/GB * Answer
1024 KB/MB * 1024 bytes/KB = 3.7 *
1024 * 1024 * 1024 = 3,973,078,528 bytes (a) Memory requirement during
translation — Interpreter requires less
(c) 1.2 TB — 1.2 TB * 1024 GB/TB * memory during translation, as it translates
1024 MB/GB * 1024 KB/MB * and executes code line by line. Compiler
1024 bytes/KB = 1.2 * 1024 * 1024 * requires more memory during translation,
1024 * 1024 = 1,319,843,208,192 bytes as it translates the entire program at once
Question 26 before execution.

Identify the type of software: (b) Memory requirement after

translation — Interpreter continues to
(a) The software acts as an interface require memory after translation, as it
between a user and the hardware. needs to re-translate every time the
program is run. Compiler requires less
(b) It converts the program written in HLL
memory after translation, as it produces an
into machine language by converting and
executable file that can be run
executing it line by line.
independently.
Answer
(c) Number of instructions translated —
(a) Operating System Interpreter translates and executes one
instruction at a time. Compiler translates
(b) Interpreter
the entire set of instructions at once,
Question producing a complete machine code
program.
Write down the type of memory needed to
do the following: Question 31
Explain the statement, "Functioning of a
1. To store data permanently,
computer is similar to the way the human
2. To execute a program,
brain functions."
3. To store instructions which cannot
be overwritten. Answer
The statement "Functioning of a computer
Answer is similar to the way the human brain
functions" compares how both systems
1. To store data permanently — process information. Computers use input
Secondary memory (e.g., Hard devices like keyboards and mice to receive
data, and output devices like monitors and (RAM) and Read Only Memory
printers to present results. Similarly, the (ROM).
human brain receives input through 5. Secondary Storage Unit — It
sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and refers to the external storage
skin, and produces responses through devices which provide permanent
actions and speech. Both systems use memory to the computer system.
internal processes—computers use the For example, hard disk, compact
CPU and memory for data handling, while disk, flash drive etc.
the brain processes sensory information
and stores memories. Question 33
Question 32 What is an input unit? Give its
significance.
Explain in brief the basic architecture of a
computer. Answer
Answer An input unit takes the input and converts
it into binary form which is directly
A computer system comprises of five basic
understood by the computer.
components:
Computers only understand binary
1. Input Unit — An input unit takes language that uses just two symbols: 1 for
the input and converts it into binary ON and 0 for OFF. The input unit
form so that it can be understood translates raw data from external sources
by the computer. For example, into binary language that the computer
keyboard, mouse etc. understands. Without this conversion, the
2. Output Unit — It converts the computer would not be able to understand
output in binary form to human or process the data provided.
readable form. For example,
monitor, speakers etc. Question 35
3. Central Processing Unit Why is a control unit referred to as the
(CPU) — It is responsible for central controller of a computer?
processing the data and
instructions. It consists of two Answer
parts: A control unit is referred to as the central
i. Arithmetic and Logic Unit controller of a computer because it
(ALU) — It performs all controls the flow of data from input
the four arithmetic devices to memory and from memory to
operations (addition, output devices. It controls and guides the
subtraction, multiplication interpretation, flow, and manipulation of
and division) and some all data and information, sending control
logical operations (less signals to the Arithmetic Logic Unit
than, greater than, less than (ALU) and memory to execute the
equal to, greater than equal required operations effectively.
to, equal to, not equal to).
ii. Control Unit (CU) — It Question 36
acts as a supervisor by
Does an ALU work independently or in
controlling and guiding the
coordination with some other unit? Give
operation taking place.
reasons.
4. Primary Memory — It is the
internal volatile memory where Answer
data and instructions are stored Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) does not
during processing. It is of two work independently; it operates in
types: Random Access Memory coordination with the control unit and
memory. The control unit fetches Answer
instructions from memory and decodes
The block diagram of the computer system
them, directing the ALU to perform
is shown below:
specific operations such as addition,
subtraction, or logical comparisons. The
results produced by the ALU are then
stored back in memory or used by other
components of the computer system.

Question 37
Compare data and information.
Answer

Data Information

Information is
processed, organized,
Data refers to raw
and meaningful data
facts, figures, or 1. Input Unit — An input unit
that has been
values that are takes/accepts input and converts it
analyzed, interpreted,
collected and into binary form so that it can be
and structured to
stored without any understood by the computer. The
provide context,
specific context or computer input constitutes data and
relevance, and value.
interpretation. It is instructions.
It is derived from data
unprocessed and
through analysis and 2. Central Processing Unit — CPU
lacks meaning on
is used to make is the control centre or brain of a
its own.
decisions or gain computer. It guides, directs,
insights. controls and governs all the
processing that takes place inside
Data is
Information is the computer. There are mainly
unstructured,
structured, organized. three components of a CPU:
discrete.
i. Arithmetic and Logical
Unit (ALU) — The ALU
Question 39 performs the arithmetic (+,
What is the role of memory in the -, *, /) and logical (AND,
functioning of a computer? OR, NOT, XOR) operations
sent from the memory,
Answer performs specific
The memory of the computer is like a operations (addition,
predefined working space where it subtraction etc) and the
temporarily keeps information and data to result is returned to the
facilitate its working. When the task is memory.
executed or finished, it clears the memory ii. Control Unit (CU) — The
and this memory space is available for the CU controls the flow of
next task to be executed or performed. data from input devices to
memory and from memory
Question 40
to output devices.
Draw the block diagram of a computer
iii. Registers — These are
system. Briefly write about the
high-speed temporary
functionality of each component.
storage areas found in CPU.
 Registers work as per the Non-Volatile
instructions given by the Volatile Memory
Memory
control unit (CU), storing
instructions and data being processed. programs.
immediately required for
performing an operation. It is essential for the It is essential for
3. Memory Unit — Memory unit is smooth functioning of storing data over
used as a storage unit for program the computer during long periods and for
as well as data. The memory can be active tasks. booting the system.
both primary and secondary
depending upon its location in the Examples: Hard disk
computer system. The primary Examples: RAM drives (HDD), Solid
memory, also termed as main (Random Access State Drives (SSD),
memory, is directly accessible to Memory). Read Only Memory
the CPU since all the work is done (ROM).
in the RAM and later on gets stored
on the secondary storage. On the Question
contrary, the secondary memory,
also known as auxiliary memory, Explain any three types of input devices.
can be accessed by the CPU Answer
through input-output controllers or
units. The three types of input devices are as
follows:
4. Output Unit — Output unit is
formed by the output devices 1. Keyboard — A keyboard is the
attached to the computer. Output input device which directly enters
devices produce the output the data in the form of letters, digits
generated by the CPU in human and commands into the computer.
readable form. QWERTY keyboard is the
commonly-used keyboard.
Question 41
2. Mouse — A mouse is a pointing
Compare volatile memory and non-volatile device with a roller at its base, used
memory. for moving a pointer on a computer
monitor. It converts the movements
Answer of the user's hand into a unique set
Non-Volatile of binary digits representing the
Volatile Memory position of the mouse at a
Memory
particular instant. When a user
Data is retained even moves a mouse across a flat
Data is lost when surface, the pointer moves in the
when power is
power is turned off. direction of the mouse's movement.
turned off.
3. Light Pen — A light pen is a
It has faster access It has slower access pointing device that can be used to
speeds. speeds. select anything on the computer
screen by simply pointing at it or
It is used for primary for drawing figures directly on the
It is used for long-
memory in screen. It consists of a photocell
term storage.
computers. mounted on a pen-shaped tube
called stylus. It is capable of
It provides temporary It provides sensing a position on the screen
storage for data and permanent storage when its tip touches the screen.
instructions currently for data and Clicking is performed by pressing
 the pen on the screen. A light pen 5. DVD — Digital Versatile Disc or
is mostly used by engineers, Digital Video Disc is an optical
architects or designers. disc storage device. It can be
recorded on one or both sides. Its
Question 48 capacity may range from 4.7 GB to
17.08 GB.
Question
6. USB Pen Drive — This is a small,
Discuss secondary storage devices in portable memory which can be
detail. plugged into a computer with USB
Answer Port. A pen drive's capacity is less
than that of the hard disk but much
Some of the common secondary storage higher than a floppy or CD. It is
devices are as follows: more reliable also. Pen drives have
1. Hard Disk — A hard-disk is a a storage capacity of 2GB, 4GB,
non-volatile, high capacity storage 8GB, 16GB, 32GB and 64GB, up
device ranging from 1 Gigabyte to to 2TB.
several Terabytes. It consists of 7. Memory Cards — These are data
solid rounded disks, packed on one storage devices, also called Flash
another, made up of a magnetic memory cards. They are mainly
material and sealed inside a case. used with digital cameras,
In a hard disk, data is stored on computers, mobile phones, music
spinning magnetic disks called players, video game consoles etc.
platters. Each platter is divided into They offer high recording ability
tracks and sectors. with power-free storage. Memory
2. Blu-ray Disc (BD) — A Blu-ray cards come with a storage capacity
Disc is a high-capacity optical disk of 8GB, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB and
medium developed for recording, 128GB, up to 1.5TB.
rewriting and playing back high-
definition video. It uses blue laser Question
that permits large amount of data to Explain the following:
be stored at a greater density. They
support higher resolutions and (a) Assembler
more advanced video and audio (b) Compiler
formats as compared to DVDs.
(c) Interpreter
3. Compact Disc (CD) — It is a thin
optical disc which is commonly Answer
used to store audio and video data. (a) Assembler — Assembler is used to
The capacity of a standard 120 mm translate the program written in assembly
CD is 700 MB. Originally, CD- language into machine code. The input of
ROM drives had transfer rate of assembler is a source program that
only 150 KB/s which was very contains assembly language called
low. The latest CD-ROM drives mnemonics. The output generated by the
can transfer up to 10800 KB/sec. assembler is the object code or machine
4. Magnetic Tapes — In this, code which is understandable by the
magnetic coatings are stored as computer.
data on a thin tape. Data read/write (b) Compiler — The language processor
speed is slower because of that translates the complete source
sequential access. They are program as a whole in one go into machine
convenient, secure and affordable. code is called compiler.
(c) Interpreter — The language processor ROM (Read-Only Memory) is needed for
that translates a single statement of source permanent storage of data. It is used to
program into machine code and executes it hold certain essential system instructions
immediately before moving on to the next to check basic hardware components such
line is called interpreter. If there is an error as booting, procedures to load operating
in the statement, the interpreter terminates system and frequently needed functions.
its translating process at that statement and
displays an error message. Question
Name the software required to make a
Question 56
computer functional. Write down its two
What is the need of RAM and ROM? primary services.
Answer Answer
RAM (Random Access Memory) is The software required to make a computer
needed for temporary storage of data and functional is the Operating System (OS).
instructions that the CPU uses actively. It
Its two primary services are:
provides faster access than secondary
memory with less memory access time.
1. Resource Management
2. Process Management