Class V-X – Maths – Geometry(Definations)

1. Point : A point is a dot in a plane or a piece of paper. A point does not have any length, width or height.
It determines the location or position in a plane.
2. Line : A line is a one-dimensional figure, which has length but no width. A line is made of countless
number of points.
A B
Here AB is a line.

3. Line segments: The part of a line is called a line segment.

4. Ray: A ray is a part of line which has only one end point.
M N
Here MN is a ray.

5. Differences among line, line segment and ray.

Line Line Segment Ray

6. Intersecting lines : If two lines in a plane have a common point then the two line are called intersecting
lines.

A C

D B

Here AB and CD are intersecting lines. O is the common point of AB & CD.
 7. Parallel lines: Two lines in a plane are said to be parallel to each other if they do not intersect each other
howsoever they are extended in either direction.

A B

C D

Here AB and CD are parallel lines as they will never intersect each other even extended in either direction.

8. Collinear points: If three or more points in a plane lie on the same line then the points are said to be
collinear.

● ● ● m
A B C
Here A, B and C points are on the same line m. So A, B and C are collinear points.

9. Concurrent lines: Three or more lines in a plane are said to be concurrent, if all of them pass through the
same point. The point is called the point of concurrence of the given lines.

A C

E F

D B

Here AB, CD and EF, three different lines pass through same point i.e. O point. So AB. CD and EF are
concurrent lines.

10. Polygons : Polygons are closed figures made up enterly of line segments.
11. Regular polygon : If all sides and angle of polygon are equal, it is called a regular polygon.
A B

F C

E D

Here AB=BC=CD=DE=EF=FA. So ABCDEF is a regular polygon.

13. Triangle: A triangle is a three-sided polygon that consists of three angles and three vertices. The most
important property of a triangle is that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to 180
degrees.
A

B C

Here ABC is a triangle and ∠A+∠B+∠C=180°

14. Altitude of a triangle: An altitude of a triangle is the line segment drawn perpendicular from a vertex of
a triangle to the opposite side.
Here AD is the altitude of ∆ABC and ∠ADB=∠ADC=90°

15. Median of a triangle: A line segment joining the vertex to the midpoint of opposite sides is called a
median of triangle.
A

B D C

Here AD is the altitude of ∆ABC. D is the midpoint of BC. BD=CD

A B

C D

ABCD is a quadrilateral.

17. Adjacent sides : Two sides of a quadrilateral having a common endpoint are called adjacent sides.
AB and BD are adjacent sides, B is the common endpoint. Similarly, BD and DC, DC and CA, CA and
AB are adjacent sides.

18. Opposite sides : Two sides of a quadrilateral are called opposite sides if they do not have a common
endpoint.
AB and CD, AC and BD are opposite sides.

19. Adjacent angles : Two angles of a quadrilateral having a common side are called its adjacent angles.
∠A and ∠B, ∠B and ∠D, ∠D and ∠C, ∠C and ∠A are adjacent angles.

20. Opposite angles two angles of a quadrilateral which are not adjacent angles are called opposite angles of
a quadrilateral.
∠A and ∠D, ∠B and ∠C are opposite angles.

21. Convex quadrilateral : The major of its each angle is less than 180° the quadrilateral is called convex
quadrilateral.

22. Concave quadrilateral : The measure of at least one of the angles is more than 180° required is called
concave quadrilateral.
23. Circle : A circle is a simple closed curve in which every point on it is at equal distance from fixed point
called centre.

24. Circumference of a circle : the perimeter of circle is called its circumference.

25. Radius : radius is the line segment joining the centre of a circle to any point on the circumference of the
circle.
26. Diameter : diameter is the line segment joining any two point on the circumference and passing through
the centre.
27. Chord : chord is a line segment joining 2 points on the circumference.
28. Secant of a circle : second is a line passing through the circle and intersecting the circle at 2 distinct
points.
29. Tangent of a circle: A line that touches the circle at a single point is known as a tangent to a circle.
30. Arc of a circle : A part of the circumference is called arc of the circle.
31. Sector of a circle : the sector of a circle is a region bounded by an Arc on one side and a pair of ready
on the other.
32. Segment of a circle : second hand of circle is the region in closed by an Arc and its corresponding
chord.
33. Semi circle : the diameter of a circle divides the circle into two equal parts each part is called a semi
circle.
34. Concentric circles : to or more circles with same centre but different ready are called concentric circles

**An unlimited number of lines can be drawn passing through a given point. Exactly one line can be drawn
passing through two different points.