✅ Ultimate Data Manipulation Checklist (Language-Agnostic)

We'll group these manipulations into core categories, with examples relevant across Python and
other languages.

Practice and make personalize syntax for all 6 data types of R and 5 data structures of R.

🧠 1. Type Awareness
✅ Identify the data type/class (type(x) in Python, typeof in JS, instanceof in Java, etc.)

✅ Check for None / null / undefined values

✅ Understand mutability (mutable vs. immutable types)

🔁 2. Type Conversion (Casting)

✅ Convert between int, float, string, bool

✅ Convert between collections: list ⬌ tuple ⬌ set ⬌ dict

✅ Serialize/deserialize (e.g., JSON, binary, XML)

✅ Convert to/from user-defined types (classes/objects)

✍️3. Value Manipulation

✅ Replace or update values

✅ Insert or append new values

✅ Delete or remove values (by value, key, or index)

✅ Rename the column, row or variables of the data set.

✅ Merge or extend values (e.g., concatenation, set union)

📐 4. Structural Analysis
✅ Get length, size, or count of items

✅ Access by index/key
✅ Find first/last/occurrence of values

✅ Check for existence (in, hasKey, etc.)

✅ Loop/iterate through values

🔤 5. String/Text Operations
✅ Change case (upper, lower, title, capitalize)

✅ Split and join strings

✅ Trim/strip whitespace or characters

✅ Replace substrings

✅ Search (startsWith, endsWith, contains, regex)

✅ Count characters or words

✅ Format strings (f-strings, templates)

🔢 6. Arithmetic and Logical Manipulation

✅ Basic math operations (+, -, *, /, **)

✅ Aggregates: sum, min, max, avg

✅ Boolean logic: AND, OR, NOT

✅ Comparisons: <, >, ==, !=

📚 7. Indexing and Slicing

✅ Access by index (positive and negative)

✅ Slice ranges (start, stop, step)

✅ Nested indexing (e.g., 2D arrays, dict of dicts)

✂️8. Insertion, Deletion, and Slicing (Collections)

✅ Insert at position

✅ Remove by value/index/key

✅ Pop elements

✅ Clear the whole collection

✅ Subsets (slice, take, drop, filter)

🔎 9. Search and Filter

✅ Find values matching conditions

✅ Check existence (contains, in)

✅ Filter by condition (e.g., filter() in Python)

✅ Index/position of items

📈 10. Ordering and Arrangement

✅ Sort ascending/descending

✅ Reverse order

✅ Shuffle/randomize

✅ Custom sort (e.g., by length or nested value)

🔗 11. Joining and Splitting Collections

✅ Concatenate/merge lists, sets, dicts

✅ Join strings from lists

✅ Zip/unzip lists

✅ Chunk/split large collections

🔄 12. Mapping and Transformation

✅ Apply function to each item (map)
✅ List/set/dict comprehensions (Python)

✅ Transform key/value pairs in dicts

✅ Encode/decode values (e.g., base64, URL, HTML)

🧩 13. Set Operations

✅ Union

✅ Intersection

✅ Difference

✅ Symmetric difference

✅ Subset creation with or without conditions of a dataset, subset/superset checks

🧰 14. Advanced Utilities

✅ Deep copy vs shallow copy

✅ Flatten nested structures

✅ Grouping and aggregation

✅ Recursion/iteration for nested data

✅ Handling missing/null/undefined

✅ Data validation and cleaning

📦 15. Object and Class Manipulation (if OOP)

✅ Access properties and methods

✅ Add/remove attributes

✅ Use introspection/reflection

✅ Inheritance/polymorphism considerations

✅ Serialization/deserialization of objects
🧠 Bonus: Meta-Manipulation
✅ Measure memory/space usage

✅ Track performance/timing

✅ Immutable vs mutable manipulation strategies

✅ Thread-safe or async-safe manipulation

Mapped to General Concepts + Python + R + SQL

# 📌 Concept 🔄 General Description 🐍 Python 📊R SQL

SELECT typeof(column)
1 Type Checking Know the type of a value type(x) class(x), typeof(x)
(SQLite)

2 Type Conversion Convert between types int("3"), str(3) as.numeric("3") CAST(column AS INT)

Value Assignment /
3 Change or set value lst[0] = 5 vec[1] <- 5 UPDATE table SET col = 5
Mutation

4 Count / Length Get number of items len(x) length(x) / nchar() COUNT(*)

5 Text Case Manipulation Capitalize, lowercase, titlecase "abc".upper() toupper("abc") UPPER(column)

6 Indexing / Position Access Access element by position s[0], lst[2] vec[1], list[[1]] N/A (can use LIMIT, OFFSET)

Perform calculations,
7 Arithmetic / Logic a + b, a > b a + b, a > b SELECT a + b
comparisons

SELECT * WHERE, LIMIT,

8 Slicing / Subsets Get sub-parts of data lst[1:3], s[1:3] vec[1:3], subset()
SUBSTRING()

9 Pattern Matching / Search Find by pattern or rule "abc".startswith("a") grepl("^a", str) LIKE 'a%', REGEXP

10 Counting Occurrences Frequency of values lst.count(3) sum(vec == 3) SELECT COUNT(*) WHERE ...

Appending / Adding
11 Add item(s) to a collection lst.append(4) c(vec, 4) INSERT INTO table VALUES (...)
Values

12 Sorting Order data sorted(lst) sort(vec) ORDER BY

13 Reversing Reverse item order lst[::-1], reverse() rev(vec) ORDER BY col DESC

Convert between list, set,

14 Collection Conversion list(), tuple(), set() as.list(), unlist() N/A (done via table structures)
tuple, dict

15 Object/Field Access Access properties of an object obj.attr obj$field / S3/S4 slots Table.column

Filtering / Conditional SELECT * FROM table WHERE

16 Filter rows/values by condition [x for x in lst if x > 5] vec[vec > 5]
Selection col > 5

17 Aggregation / Sum, average, min, max sum(lst), max(lst) sum(vec), mean(vec) SUM(col), AVG(col)
# 📌 Concept 🔄 General Description 🐍 Python 📊R SQL

Summarization

18 Joining / Merging Combine multiple data sources pd.merge(df1, df2) merge(df1, df2) JOIN

Group by a category and group_by() +

19 Grouping groupby() (Pandas) GROUP BY
summarize summarize()

is None, if x is not
20 Missing Data Handling Handle None, NA, NULL is.na(x) IS NULL, COALESCE()
None:

21 Removing Items / Values Delete values del lst[0], remove(x) vec[-1], subset() DELETE FROM table WHERE ...

22 Deduplication Remove duplicates set(lst), dict.fromkeys() unique(vec) SELECT DISTINCT

23 Renaming Items Rename columns, variables df.rename() (Pandas) rename() (dplyr) AS keyword

pivot_longer(), PIVOT, UNPIVOT (SQL Server,

24 Reshaping Pivot, melt, transpose pivot(), melt() (Pandas)
spread() Oracle)

Combining / Combine multiple elements or

25 " ".join(lst), + paste(), bind_rows() UNION, CONCAT()
Concatenation datasets

26 Splitting Break into parts "a,b".split(",") strsplit() SPLIT_PART() (PostgreSQL)

Cursors or iterative SQL

27 Iteration Loop through elements for x in lst: for (x in vec) / lapply()
procedures

Not native — needs subquery

28 Function Application Apply function to items map(func, lst) lapply(), sapply()
or UDF

Nested Structures
29 Access deep elements dict['key']['sub'] list[[1]][[2]] Not typical in SQL
Handling

30 Data Structure Creation Define data structures [], {}, () c(), list(), data.frame() CREATE TABLE, INSERT