Shree Swami Atmanand Saraswati Institute of Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department

Subject: Machine Drawing and Elements of Machine Design (BE03000231)

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1. Basics of stress, strain and machine design

1. An assembly of steel bars as shown in the figure 1 is in equilibrium. Find force P and
the net elongation of the assembly. Take Es = 2 × 105 MPa.

Figure 1
2. A stepped bar made of steel, copper and brass is under axial force as shown in figure
2 and is in equilibrium. The diameter of steel is 12 mm, diameter of copper is 16 mm
and the diameter of brass is 20 mm. Determine (i) Magnitude of unknown force P (ii)
Stresses in each material and (iii) Total change in length of the bar. Take Es = 200
GPa, Ec = 100 GPa and Eb = 80 GPa.

Figure 2
3. Find the total deformation of a steel rod subjected to a force of 250 kN, as shown in
figure 3. Length of rod is 1000 mm and modulus of elasticity of steel is 200 GPa.

Figure 3

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4. A load of 2000 kN is applied on a short concrete column 500 mm×500 mm, reinforced
with four nos. of 10mm dia. steel bars. Find stresses in concrete and steel. Take value
of E for steel as 2.1×105 N/mm2 and for concrete 1.4×104 N/mm2.
5. A solid steel bar, 500 mm long and 70 mm diameter is placed inside an aluminium
tube having 75 mm inside diameter and 100 mm outside diameter. The aluminium
tube is 0.15 mm longer than the steel bar. An axial load of 600 kN is applied to the
composite section through rigid cover plates. Find stress developed in the steel
bar and aluminium tube. E for steel is 2.2×105 N/mm2 and E for aluminium is
0.7×105 N/mm2.
6. A steel rod, clamped at its upper end has a cross sectional area of 20 cm 2. Between
its lower end and rigid plane, there was a clearance of 0.375 mm before the load was
applied. Determine the stresses in the upper and lower parts of the rod and the
reactions at top and bottom when a force P of 225 kN is applied as shown in Figure
4. Take Es = 200 kN/mm2.

Figure 4
7. A metal rod 700 mm long, 28 mm in diameter is pulled with an axial tensile force
of 52 kN. A uniform lateral pressure of 36 MPa is maintained over the entire surface
of the rod. Calculate:
(i) Change in length of the rod
(ii) Change in diameter of the rod
(iii) Change in volume of the rod
Take E = 200 GPa, µ = 0.28 for material. (Option)
8. A bar 30 mm in diameter is subjected to tensile load of 54kN. The measured
extension on a gauge length of 300 mm is 0.112 mm and change in diameter
is 0.0037 mm. Calculate Poisson’s ratio and the values of three moduli.
9. Determine the compressive stress developed in a punch of 10 mm diameter, used
to make a hole of 10 mm diameter in 8 mm thick mild steel plate. The shear strength
of mild steel is 300 MPa.
10. A steel bar is subjected to tensions as shown in figure 5. Determine change in volume
of the bar, if Es = 200 GPa, µs = 0.25. In order that there is no change in volume, what
should be the revised value of load along X axis?

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 Figure 5

11. Find the change in volume of the portion BC of the bar ABC loaded as shown in
figure 6. E = 200 kN/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio is equal to 0.3. (Option)

Figure 6

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 Chapter 2: Moment of inertia of planar cross -sections
1) From first principal, derive an equation for moment of inertia of a circular about its
centroidal axis.
2) Find M.I. of an I section about its horizontal centroidal axis having top flange & bottom
flange are 60mm x 20mm & 100mm x 20mm respectively. Take web dimension as
100mm x 20mm.
3) From first principal, derive an equation for moment of inertia of a rectangular section
about its centroidal axis.
4) State and prove the theorem of perpendicular axis applied to moment of inertia.
5) Prove the parallel axis theorem in the determination of moment of inertia of any area
with the help of a neat sketch.
6) Find moment of inertia of a T section about its centroidal axes having flange and web
dimensions are 150mm x 50mm and 150mm x 40mm respectively.
7) Find the moment of inertia of a T section shown in the figure about X-X and Y-Y axes
through the center of gravity of the section.

Chapter 3: Theory of bending

1) Derive fundamental equation of pure bending.
2) A C.I. pipe of external diameter 60 mm, 10 mm thickness and 6 m long is supported at
its ends. The pipe carries a point load of 120 N at its center. Calculate the maximum
flexural stress induced due to point load.
3) A steel plate of width 100 mm and thickness 10 mm is bent into a circular arc of radius
10 m. Determine the maximum stress induced. Also find bending moment which will
produce the maximum stress. Take E for steel = 2·105 N/mm2.
Chapter 4: Theory of torsion
1) Derive the fundamental equation of pure twisting.
2) Derive maximum torque transmitted by a circular solid shaft.
3) A solid cylindrical shaft is used to transmit 300 kW power at 120 rpm. If the shear stress is
not to exceed 80 Mpa, find its diameter.
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 Chapter 5: Design Against Static Load
1) The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 25 kN together with a transverse shear
force of 10 kN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to:
(i) maximum principal stress theory,
(ii) maximum shear stress theory,
(iii) maximum distortion energy theory.
Take permissible tensile stress at elastic limit as 120 MPa.
2) A cylindrical shaft made of steel having tensile yield strength of 760 MPa and
compressive yield strength of 800 MPa. It is subjected to bending moment of 15 kNm
and torsional moment of 25 kNm. Consider FOS 2.5. Determine diameter of the shaft by
using:
(i) maximum shear stress theory,
(ii) maximum distortion energy theory.
3) A cylindrical bar 50 mm diameter & 250 mm long is fixed at one end. At the free end it
is loaded by axial pull load of 12 kN & a downward transverse load of 5 kN. It is also
subjected to a torque of 1.4 kNm. Calculate 1) Max. principal stress 2) Min. principal
stress 3) Max. shear stress.
Chapter 6: Design Against Fluctuating Loads
1) What is endurance limit? Discuss the different factors affecting endurance limit.
2) What do you mean by stress concentration? State the reasons for stress concentration
and explain any two of the methods used for reducing it.
3) What is endurance limit? Explain Goodman line in fatigue design.
4) A machine component is subjected to fluctuating stress that varies from 40 to 100
N/mm2. The corrected endurance limit stress for the machine component is 270
N/mm2. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the material are 600 and
450 N/mm2 respectively. Find the factor of safety using (i) Gerber theory (ii)
Soderberg line (iii) Goodman line.
5) A steel rod is subjected to a reversed axial load of 200 KN. Find the diameter of rod
for factor of safety 2. Neglect column action. The material has ultimate tensile strength
of 100 MPa and yield strength of 900MPa. The endurance limit in reversed bending
may be assumed to be half of ultimate tensile strength. The correction factor may be
taken as follows. Ka = Axial load correction factor =0.7, for machined surface factor
=0.8, size factor =0.85, stress concentration factor is 1.0.
6) The endurance strength for a part is 280 MPa while Su = 630 MPa. It is subjected to a
loading as follows
σm1= 315 MPa and σv1 = 96 MPa for 80% of time
σm2= 245 MPa and σv2 =145 MPa for 20% of time
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 Find the expected life in number of cycles of reversals. Assume Kt = 1.5.
Chapter 7: Shafts, Keys and Couplings
1) A 45 mm diameter shaft is made of steel (Syt = 400 N/mm2). A parallel key of 14 mm
width and 9 mm thickness, made of steel (Syt = 340 N/mm2), is to be used with shaft.
Find the required length of key, if the shaft is loaded to transmit the maximum
permissible torque. Use maximum shear stress theory and take factor of safety of 2.
2) “A square key is stronger than rectangular key against crushing.” Justify the statement.
(Option)
3) Show that square key is equally stronger in shearing and crushing. (Option)
Chapter 8: Power screw
1) A power screw having double started square threads of 25 mm nominal diameter and 5
mm pitch is acted upon by an axial load of 10 kN. The outer and inner diameters of
screw collar are 50 mm and 20 mm respectively. The coefficient of thread friction and
collar friction may be assumed as 0.2 and 0.15 respectively. The screw rotates at 12
rpm. Assuming uniform wear condition at the collar and allowable thread bearing
pressure of 5.8 N/mm2, find: (i) the torque required to rotate the screw; (ii) the stress in
the screw; and (iii) the number of threads of nut in engagement with screw.
2) A double threaded power screw with ISO metric trapezoidal threads is used to raise a
load of 300 kN. The nominal diameter is 100 mm and pitch is 12 mm. The coefficient of
friction at screw threads is 0.15. Neglecting collar friction, calculate; (i) torque required
to raise the load, (ii) torque required to lower the load and (iii) efficiency of the screw.
3) The nominal diameter of a triple threaded square screw is 50 mm, while pitch is 8 mm.
It is used with a collar having outer diameter of 100 mm and inner diameter of 65 mm.
The coefficient of friction at thread surface as well as at collar surface can be taken as
0.15. The screw is used to raise a load of 15 kN. Using uniform wear theory for collar
friction, calculate: (i) Torque required to raise load, (ii) Torque required to lower load
and (iii) Force required to raise load, if applied at a radius of 500 mm.

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