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Relations and Functions

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, highlighting that a relation connects elements of two sets while a function is a specific type of relation with unique outputs for each input. It provides examples of both concepts and discusses the graphical representation of functions on the Cartesian plane. Key points emphasize that all functions are relations, but not all relations qualify as functions, and graphs aid in understanding function behavior.

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5 views2 pages

Relations and Functions

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, highlighting that a relation connects elements of two sets while a function is a specific type of relation with unique outputs for each input. It provides examples of both concepts and discusses the graphical representation of functions on the Cartesian plane. Key points emphasize that all functions are relations, but not all relations qualify as functions, and graphs aid in understanding function behavior.

Uploaded by

clavicle698
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Relations, Functions, and Their Graphs

1. Relation

 A relation is a connection between two sets, showing how elements of one set correspond to
elements of another set.
 It is usually written as a set of ordered pairs (x, y), where x belongs to the first set and y belongs
to the second set.

Example:
Let Set A = {1, 2, 3} and Set B = {4, 5}.
A relation R can be: R = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4)}.

This means:

 1 is related to 4
 2 is related to 5
 3 is related to 4

2. Function

 A function is a special type of relation in which each element of the first set (called the domain)
is related to exactly one element of the second set (called the codomain).
 In simple words, one input gives only one output.

Example:
f(x) = x²

 If domain = {1, 2, 3}, then


f(1) = 1² = 1
f(2) = 2² = 4
f(3) = 3² = 9
 So the function is: f = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}

Note: A function cannot have one input going to two different outputs.

3. Graphs of Functions

 A graph is a visual representation of a function or relation on the Cartesian plane (x-y plane).
 Each ordered pair (x, y) is plotted as a point.
 The collection of these points forms the graph.
Examples:

1. For f(x) = x², the graph is a parabola opening upwards.


2. For f(x) = x, the graph is a straight line through the origin.
3. For f(x) = |x|, the graph is a V-shape.

4. Key Points to Remember

 Every function is a relation, but not every relation is a function.


 Functions have unique outputs for each input.
 Graphs help us to understand the behavior of functions (increasing, decreasing, maximum,
minimum, etc.).

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