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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views14 pages8 Graphs of Functions
Jajaiai
Uploaded by
samchaijianhwaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A: Definition of Functions
1. Ina relation, each input is mapped onto one Input Output
or more outputs.
2. All inputs in a relation are known as domain
while all outputs are known as range.
3. The relation between two sets of data can be
represented in the form of
(a) an arrow diagram
(b) a graph
(©) ordered pairs
For example, given set A = (1, 2, 3, 5} and set B = (2, 4,6, 10} which are
represented by the relation ‘multiply 2:
Arrow diagram Graph Ordered pairs GP weaming Tips
a {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (5, 10)} In the relation of mapping
sat A to set B,
AW ustipy2 2 1
oteads
4, There are four types of relations.
(a) One-to-one relation (b) Many-to-one relation
A 8 A 8
cass category,
Each input is mapped onto There are more than one input
a different output. mapped onto the same output.
(©) One-to-many relation (4) Many-to-many relation
A 8 A 8
factor of toe of
There is an input mapped onto Acombination of one-to-many _| the quantities of input and
two or more outputs. and many-to-one relations ‘output invoved in a function
‘are known as varables,
5. A function is a special relation where each input has only one output.
‘Only one-to-one relations and many-to-one relations are functions.
271 CHAPTER 8 Graphs of Functions
Example 1
The diagram shows a relation between set M
and set N. State
(a) the type of the relation.
(b) the range of the relation.
Solution
(a) Many-to-one relation <—~1 and 1 are mapped onto 1.
(b) Range = {1, 4} <— Each output must have input)
B, Representation of Functions
1. Ina function, each input is known as an object and each output is known
as an image.
2. There are two types of functions, that is, one-to-one function and
‘many-to-one function as shown in the following tree map.
‘One-to-one functions Many-to-one functions
Each object is mapped ‘Two or more objects are mapped
onto a different image ‘onto one similar image
3. One-to-many and many-to-many relations are not functions because the
objects have more than one image.
4, A function can be represented in four forms.
‘An equation which
involves two variables
5. The function notation f(x) can be used to write a function that maps
the object x to the corresponding image y. For example, a function f that
maps x to 3x is written as
272 CHAPTER 8 Graphs of Functions
Example 2
Determine whether each of the following representations is a function. Justify
your answer.
(a) {(1,5), (2, 10), (5, 15), (4, 20)}(b)
© {
(d) y=2x+6
o
123466
Solution
{a) A function. Each object x has only one corresponding image y.
(b) Not a function. The object x = 3 has two images, y = 10 and y = 12.
(©) Nota function. The object x = 2 has two images, y = 1 and y = 6.
(d) A function. Each object x has only one corresponding image y.
Example 3
Determine the type of function for each of the following representations
of functions,
@) (3.3.2.2, © ol1lals
© f ls
: y{2]}3[4|s
a
4
3 (@ y=3e
2
1
723466
Solution
(a) One-to-one function <— Each value of x is mapped onto a different value of y.
(b) One-to-one function «— Each value of x is mapped onto a different value of y.
(c) Many-to-one function «— There are values of x mapped onto the same value of y.
(4) Many-to-one function <— There ae values of x mapped onto the same ale of
Mastery Practice 8.1 Definition of Functions,
1. The diagram shows a relation between set K and 2. Given set P = (3, 5, 7) and set Q = (6, 8, 10}
set L. A function f maps set P to set Q by the relation
Kk L ‘add 3°. Represent the function by using
(a) ordered pairs.
(b) a table.
(©) a graph.
(@ an equation.
State
(a) the type of the relation,
(b) the range of the relation.
273 CHAPTER 8 Graphs of Functions
3. Determine whether each of the following | 4, Determine the type of function for each of the
representations of functions is a function, following representations of functions.
(@) y=Srt1 @ (24,100.04, 0.2.4)
(b) (4,5), 0, 6), (1, 7) & y=
(c) x
© yo
6. ai
* $44
‘ 4e4 at
3
S at x
7 1 4—}—} 4}
o i
Oy2s456
@ By 2[4le 8 @ Pyil2zls14
Tee a3 [eos mi 4 ie 1
A. Constructing Tables of Values and Drawing Graphs @ Keywon
of Functions pease
1. We can construct the table of values of a function by substituting the |» graph of function
values of x into the function to obtain the corresponding values of y. = ofa fangs!
2. From the table of values constructed, we can draw the graph ofa function, | * linear function
3. Steps to draw the graph of a function:
Construct the table of values
of the given function
Plot all the values of x and y as ordered pairs on
a Cartesian plane by following the given scale. y > teaming Tips
‘When constructing table of
values, the values of x which
«are chosen to be substituted
info a function are the
integers within the given
range.
known as
4, The straight line or curve that is drawn to represent a functio!
the graph of function.
5. A linear function is represented by a straight line.
6. Anon-linear function is represented by a curve.
Example 4
Construct the table of values for each of the following functions by using the
given range of values of x.
(a) y= 3x5 for the values of x = 0 tox=4
() y= Fx for -2
+ 2 8 4 8B
By studying the trend of the above graph of function,
(a) state the relationship between the painting time
and the number of workers.
(b) determine the number of workers needed such
that the room can be painted in 30 minutes.
7. The volume, V m°, of water in a dam is given by
the function V = 5h, where h is the depth of water.
(a) By using a scale of 2 cm to I mon the h-axis
and 2 em to 20 m? on the V-axis, draw the graph
of the function V = 5h? for 0