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7.II.b Design Report-Structures

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24 views358 pages

7.II.b Design Report-Structures

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Pramod Shastry

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

(Ministry of Road Transport & Highways)

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Road and Building Department NH Wing

Consultancy Services for Project Management including preparation of Detailed

Project Report of selected stretches/corridors of National Highways/ State Roads
(approved “In Principle” for declaration as National Highways) in the State of
Andhra Pradesh for up gradation to Two/Four lane with paved shoulder
configuration of NH-516E, Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi – Paderu
Road Section. (Package – I from Koyyuru (Km 120+000) to Chintapalli
(Km 185+000)

FINAL DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

DESIGN REPORT - STRUCTURES - (PACKAGE – I)
VOLUME II - Part II(B) of VI
Submitted by:

Mukesh & Associates In JV with Artefact Project Ltd

M /s. Mukesh & Associates
Consultants & Engineers ARTEFACT PROJECTS LTD.
(Division 3) 2/6, Ranganathar Avenue, Project Management Consultants, Consulting Engineers & Planners
Perumal Malai Main Road, Narasodhipatty, “Artefact towers”,
Salem – 636004, Tamilnadu, India 54/3, Chhatrapati Square, Wardha Road,
Tel: 0427 - 2330395 / 2331109;
E-mail: [email protected] Nagpur-440015, Maharashtra, India
Final Detailed Project Report
Volume II (Part-II) of VI
Design Report
Content

S.NO Description Page No

1 Project Description 1

2 Minnor Bridge - 3 x 16 m at km 145+716 4

3 Minnor Bridge - 1 x 18 m at km 150+025 138

3 Minnor Bridge - 1 x 10 m at km 166+069 243

Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

I. Introduction:
The Project Highway (NH-516E) starts near Koyyuru from Km 143/000 and ends
near Krishna devipeta at Km 124/000 of existing SH-38 and starts from existing
ODR of Km Km 0/000 ends near Rintada at Km 42/400 . From Rintada it starts
at MDR Km 64/700 and ends at Chintapalle at Km 69/104 of MDR in
Visakapatnam District. The existing length of Project Road is 66.476 Km. The
existing carriageway of the Project Road is varies from Single Lane to Two Lane,
81% of the Project Road has Single Lane Carriageway. Around 77% of the
existing Pavement is in Fair condition and 23% of the existing Pavement is in
Poor condition.
The alignment mainly passes through Koyyuru, Krishnadevipeta, Golugonda,
Lambasingi and Chintapalle, Built-up sections. The NH-516E has been selected
to uplift the lower weaker section of the vicinity and also to boost up the tourism
development at Lambasingi, Araku and Borra Caves etc., and enhance
transportation of agriculture produce like coffee, spices etc in the region.
For construction point of view the project corridor has been divided in to two
packages as given below:

Table E-1 Project Highway packages

Sr.
Package Section Length in K.M.
No.
1 Package I Koyyuru – Chintapalle 65.000 Km
2 Package II Chintapalle - Paderu 68.010 Km
Total Project Length : 133.010 Km

This report dealt with package – I of Koyyuru – Chintapalli section from design
chainage Km 120/000 to Km . 185/000 for a total length of 65.00 Kms.

Inventory and Condition Survey of Bridges & Cross Drainage Structures

A Detailed reconnaissance and inventory was carried out along the project road
corridor, in order to collect the relevant information in respect of the following to assess
the condition of existing structures and their ability to withstand against future loading
amidst natural wear and tear.
 Structure No. and their location in km
 Type of Structures (Pipe/Slab/Box/Arch culverts or bridges)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 1 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

 Span Arrangement and Total Waterway (Span no. and length)

 Carriageway Width (m) and other general arrangements of footpath, handrails, etc.

 As a partial component of condition survey, visual observations were made keeping

in view, the requirements of IRC: SP 35-1990 and IRC: SP 40-1993. The normal
type of distresses observed in RCC structures are listed below:

 Cracking and Spalling of concrete

 Rust Stains and other minor deformations

Hydraulic and hydrological investigations

In order to ascertain the hydraulic parameters for the proposed structures and to check
the adequacy of the existing structures, detailed hydrological investigations and
analysis were carried out as per IRC: SP: 13 & IRC: SP: 5-1988. The following
parameters were collected and considered for hydraulic designs for all the bridges and
CD structures:
 Physiographic factors such as drainage, slope, etc.
 Physical factors including land, soil type, etc.
 Topographic features such as terrain, type, etc.
 Hydrological parameters including HFL, slope, rugosity co-efficient, channel
characteristics, etc.
 The HFL details, maximum discharge and catchment area details were ascertained
based on details obtained from the PWD Offices, local enquiry and field observations.
 Detailed investigations were undertaken at all the bridge locations, river crossings,
streams, etc., to capture the topographical features, hydraulic and hydro-geological
particulars, channel characteristics, direction of flow, angle skew details, etc.
 The meteorological details such as rainfall, run-off, precipitation, climate, etc.,
were obtained from the regional meteorological centers.

Existing Bridges
With regard to bridges, there are only one Major Bridge &10 nos. of Minor bridges
present along the project road with sub-structure of Stone masonry/RCC and super
structure of RCC Slab. Foundation is found to be Open foundation or Stone masonry.
The condition survey was planned and carried out so that both qualitative and
quantitative aspects of the distresses / deficiencies could be examined. Condition of the

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 2 Mukesh & Associates

following components of the bridges was evaluated:

 Reinforced concrete deck with special reference to distresses such as cracking,
leaching, spalling of soffit and edges;
 Wearing coat, kerb, footpath, bearings and railing;
 Abutments, piers, wing walls and return walls, foundation details;
 Drainage system and spouts.

Proposal of Structures
In case of damages in the existing bridges they are proposed to be reconstructed in the
same location and if there is realignment portion from the existing bridge, it is proposed
to be newly constructed.

Table 1 - 2Improvement Proposals of Bridges

Sl. Design Span Arrangement

Remarks Proposal
No. Chainage of Proposed Bridge
1. 125+441 1 x 22.2 Minor Bridge Widening ( LHS )
2. 134+350 3 x 8.5 Minor Bridge Widening ( RHS )
Major Bridge New construction on KD
3. 139+280 3 x 20.0
peta Bypass
Minor Bridge New construction in n KD
4. 139+580 1 x 16.0
peta Bypass
5. 141+235 3 x 10.5 Minor Bridge Widening ( LHS )
6. 144+221 3 x 19.0 Minor Bridge Reconstruction
7. 145+716 3 x 16.0 Minor Bridge Reconstruction
8. 147+770 4 x 25.4 Major Bridge Widening (RHS)
9. 150+025 1 x 18.0 Minor Bridge Reconstruction
Minor Bridge New construction - Culvert
10.166+069 1 x 10.0
Converted to MNB
11. 181+947 1 x 17.0 Minor Bridge Widening ( LHS )
Minor Bridge New construction on curve
183+685 1 x 16.0
improvement portion

According to this Report Contains Detailed Design of Superstructure, Substructure,

With Foundation of Bridges

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 3 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Minor Bridge -3 x 16m at km 145+716
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Design of ABUTMENT - 145+716

GENERAL DATA

Road crest level = 208.291 m (Highest Level)

Depth of Construction = 1.728 m
BOD = 206.563 m
Design HFL = 201.423 m
Top of Abutment Cap = 206.349 m
Bottom of Abutment Cap = 205.549 m
Design foundation Level = 192.224 m
Lowest Bed Level = 196.224 m
DESIGN DATA
Skew Angle = 0 deg = 1
Number of traffic lanes = 3 nos
Carriage-way width = 11.000 m = 11.00 m sq
Crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of footpaths = 1.500 m sk = 1.5 m sq
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.500 m sk = 0.5 m sq
Width of Hand Rails = 0.500 m sk = 0.5 m sq
Overall width of deck = 16.00 m sk = 16.00 m sq
Length of Abutment = 16.00 m sk = 16.00 m sq
C/C Distance of Piers = 20.00 m sk
Expansion Joint width = 40 mm
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) = 19.96 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) = 19.20 m
Type of super-structure = IN-SITU GIRDERS Cum DECK SLAB
Width of bearing = 250 mm
Length of bearing = 400 mm
Width of Pedestal (Transeverse Dir.) = 0.70 m
Length of Pedestal (along bridge) = 0.55 m
Height of bearing Pedestals = 150 mm, Min. & 280 mm Maximum
Thickness of bearing = 64 mm
Number of Girders per span = 6 Nos
Number of bearings per span = 12 Nos.
Number of pedastals per span = 12 Nos.
Spacing of Longitudinal Girders = 2.600 m sk = 2.60 m sq
Cantilever Projection, beyond End Long. Girders = 1.500 m sk = 1.50 m sq
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm
Length of Return wall counterfort = 3000.0 (Uniform
mm sk = 3000 mm sq
Thickness of return wall counterfort = 650.0 mm sq = 650 mm sk
Thickness of Abutment wall counterfort = 650.0 mm sq = 650 mm sk
Thickness of Return wall = 650.0 mm sq = 650 mm sk

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 4 Mukesh & Associates

Materials used
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Density of Concrete = kN/m3 25
Density of Soil = kN/m3 20
As per Annexure A-1 of IRC:112-2011, following categories of ACTIONS are considered in the Design:
I - PERMANENT ACTION
A) PERMANENT ACTION - G
G1 Self Weight of Abutment system due to Gravity
G2 Dead Load of Structure due to Gravity
G3 Back-Fill Weight
Fep Earth Pressure, Fep
Fs Secondary effects, such as Creep and Shrinkage, Fs
B) VARIABLE GRAVITY LOADS TREATED AS PERMANENT LOADS
G4 Superimposed Dead Loads - Hand Rail, Crash Barriers, Road
Furniture, Footpaths and other service loads
G5 Surfacing & Wearing Coat (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
C) QUASI PERMANENT LOADS
T Temparature Load (A load that acts for 50% or more duration
during the structure's Life)

II - VARIABLE ACTIONS
A) DUE TO VEHICULAR MOVEMENT
Q Vehicular Live Load due to Gravity
Qim Impact Load due to Vehicular Gravity Loads
Longitudinal Loads
Fh Braking Force
Ff Bearing Friction
Fcf Centrifugal Force
Qfpl Pedestrian/Foot Path Load
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure
B) DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
W Wind Load
C) DUE TO HYDRAULIC ACTIONS
Gb Buoyancy Effects
Fwc Water Current Forces

III - ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS

A) IMPACT OF EXTERNAL BODIES
Vc Vehicle Collision on elements of Bridge Structure
B) SEISMIC HAZARDS
Inerta Loads due to Self-mass generated in bridge structure due to
ground motion
Inertial Loads due to mass of Vehicular Loads
Increase in Earth Pressure

The above listed forces are determined in detail and presented below.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 5 Mukesh & Associates

G1 SELF WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SYSTEM

Dimensions of abutment are as below, refer the sketch attached for description of various dimensions:
400 400
300 208.29

150 206.563
150
1300 206.349

800
650
650 550 0
650

9.325
500
3850 250
3850 196.224

3850

1.600
Thickness of Return Wall
650 mm
194.62

1.600
193.024
1200 900
193.024

800
800

192.22

13500 750 3600 X

17850

Dimensions Distanc Mx
Weight
Item Description Breadth Height e from
Nos. Length (m) (kN) kNm
(m) (m) X, in m
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 16.000 0.400 1.942 310.7 4.150 1289.5
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.400 0.150 24.00 5.050 121.20
Triangular portion 0.5 16.000 0.400 0.150 12.00 5.000 60.00
Pedestals 6 0.700 0.550 0.150 8.66 4.100 35.52
Bed Block 1 16.000 1.300 0.800 416.00 4.250 1768.0
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.750 12.525 3757.5 3.975 14936
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.000 0.000 1.600 0.00 3.600 0.000
Foundation Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 0.750 0.800 240.00 3.975 954.0

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 6 Mukesh & Associates

Return Wall System

Rectangular Portion 2 13.500 0.650 15.267 6698.4 11.100 74352
Triangular Portion 1 13.500 0.650 0.000 0.00 13.350 0.000
Counterfort
Abutment (Avg. base) 2 7.025 0.750 12.525 3299.6 7.863 25943
Abutment (Rect) 2 13.500 0.750 1.200 607.5 11.100 6743.3
Abutment (Avg. base) front rib 4 0.800 0.750 1.600 96.00 1.200 115.200
Return wall (Avg. base) End 2 1.975 0.650 15.267 980.0 17.53 17174
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid 2 1.975 0.650 15.267 980.0 13.025 12763.9
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt 0 1.975 0.650 15.267 0.0 12.375 0.0
Heel Slab Portion
Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 13.500 0.800 4320.0 11.100 47952
Triangular Portion 0 16.000 13.500 1.20 0.000 8.850 0.000
Toe Slab Portion
Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 3.600 0.800 1152.0 1.800 2074
Triangular Portion 0 16.000 3.600 1.600 0.000 2.400 0.00
Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 3.600 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.00
Total 22902 206281
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 9.007 m
Self Wt. upto Top of Fdn = 17190.23 kN
Mx due to self wt. upto top of Fdn. = 155301.15 kNm

G2 SUPERSTRUCTURE DEAD LOAD

The superstructure is proposed to be Tee-Beam Girders and in-situ RCC Slab system. The superstructure design
is covered under Separate Design Report. The total width of deck is 16m catering to three lane traffic and with
crash barriers and foot path on both sides.
Analysis results are separately obtained for w/c loads
STAAD analysis of the superstructure is conducted and the reactions on the sub-structure pedestals due to Dead
Load (DL) of superstructure, Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) and W/C loads are obtained and the same are
tabulated below.
DL effects
Pedestal and Reaction
on
identification
Abutment
On Pedestal, R1 System
392.18
On Pedestal, R2 410.74
On Pedestal, R3 405.50
On Pedestal, R4 405.50
On Pedestal, R5 410.74
On Pedestal, R6 392.18
Total 2416.83

G3 BACK-FILL WEIGHT
Width of Heel Slab = 13.500 m
Length of Foundation = 16.000 m
FRL = 208.291 m
Foundation Level = 192.224 m
Top of Foundation Level = 193.024 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 7 Mukesh & Associates

Deduction due to counterfort

Abutment (Avg. base) = 131.982 x 20 = 2639.64
Return wall (Avg. base) End = 39.198 x 20 = 783.96
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid = 39.198 x 20 = 783.96
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt = 0.000 x 20 = 0

Rectangular portion = 61745.875 kN,

acts at 11.100 m away from Point X

Deduction due to counterfort

Abutment counterfort = 10.530 x 20 = 210.6
Triangular Portion = 4109.400 kN
acts at 13.350 m away from Point X
3
Unit Weight of Soil overburden = 20 kN/m
Total Soil Overburden Weight = 65855.28 kN
acts at 11.240 m away from Point X
Weight of soil on Toe Slab is also considered. Top 1.0m thickness of soil is ignored as there can be occasions
when such depth of excavation may take place during service stage for taking service lines through in the
vicinity of Abutments.
Width of Toe Slab = 3.600 m
Length of Foundation = 16.000 m
Ground Level = 196.224 m
Foundation Level = 192.224 m
Top of Foundation Level = 5.050 m
Weight of Soil
Rectangular portion - 1 = 2534.400 kN,
acts at 1.800 m away from Point X
Rectangular portion - 2 = 0.000 kN,
acts at 3.600 m away from Point X
Triangular Portion - 1 = 0.000 kN
acts at 3.600 m away from Point X
Triangular Portion - 2 = 576.000 kN
acts at 1.200 m away from Point X

Total Soil Overburden Weight on Toe Slab = 3110.40 kN

acts at 1.689 m away from Point X

Total Weight of Soil Overburden - both on Heel and Toe Slab

= 68965.675 kN
acts at 10.810 m away from Point X

Fep EARTH PRESSURE, Fep

As per Coulomb's Earth pressure theory
Ka=
Sin2(a + f)/Sin2a.Sin(a - d)(1+sqrt.(Sin(f + d).Sin(f - b)/Sin(a - d) Sin(a + b)))2, Where
a = 90 deg 1.571 rad
b = 0 deg 0.000 radions
f = 32 deg 0.559 rad
d = 21.34 deg 0.372 rad

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 8 Mukesh & Associates

Sin2(a + f) = 0.719
2
Sin a.sin(a - d) = 0.931
Sin(f + d).sin(f - b) = 0.425
Sin(a - d) sin(a + b) = 0.931
ka = 0.2750
Height of Embankment Fill above Foundation = 16.0670 m
Height of Embankment Fill upto root of Stem = 15.2670 m
Pressure ordinate at the root of Abutment Stem = 83.975 kN/Sq.m.
Pressure ordinate at Fdn. Level = 88.375 kN/Sq.m.
Total active earth pressure force, at Fdn Level = 709.960 kN/m
Active Earth Pressure acts at 6.748 m, away from point X, at an inclination of
21.34 Degrees with horizontal
Total Horizontal component = 10580.54 kN, acts at 6.748 m above Point X
Total Vertical component = 4133.69 kN, acts at 4.350 m from Point X
However, the effect of Vertical force is ignored to be on conservative side
Moment at Point X due to Horizontal Component = 71399 kNm
Moment at Point X due to Vertical Component = 17982 kNm
However, the effect of Vertical force is ignored to be on conservative side
Moment about point X = 71399 kNm

G4 SIDL SUCH AS HAND RAILS, CRASH BARRIERS, FOOTPATHS& OTHER SERVICE LOADS
Support Reactions due to SIDLs are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:

Pedestal and Reaction SDL effects,

identification except w/c
On Pedestal, R1 242.870
On Pedestal, R2 11.761
On Pedestal, R3 16.467
On Pedestal, R4 7.729
On Pedestal, R5 -28.017
On Pedestal, R6 88.610
Total 339.420

G5 SURFACING & WEARING COAT LOADS (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
Support Reactions due to W/C are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
Pedestal and Reaction loads due
identification to w/c
On Pedestal, R1 9.972
On Pedestal, R2 44.704
On Pedestal, R3 45.43
On Pedestal, R4 48.938
On Pedestal, R5 49.267
On Pedestal, R6 50.565
Total 248.88

T TEMPARATURE LOADS (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during the structure's Life)
No such loads act on the Supports

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 9 Mukesh & Associates

Q VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD DUE TO GRAVITY &

Qim IMPACT LOAD DUE TO VEHICULAR GRAVITY LOADS
All IRC Vehicles are kept longitudinally on superstructure in such a way to get maximum reaction on
Abutment under consideration and reactions are found. The same are tabulated below:
Pedestal Loads
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
70R W 150.238 575.003 187.691 38.674 21.284 -19.462
70RW + Class A 72.426 221.255 101.991 308.165 535.98 75.377
70RT 79.36 453.049 117.648 10.233 9.105 -4.974
70RT + Class A 83.187 480.601 246.555 148.183 42.123 1.084
Class A - One Lane 91.823 191.838 55.993 17.256 8.431 -12.361
Class A - Two Lanes 95.65 219.39 183.413 168.561 44.408 -5.509
Class A - Three Lanes 62.64 231.555 222.171 267.312 222.64 48.111

Axial Load, Axial MT,

LL Case MT, kNm Impact
P Load, P kNm
Factor (%)
With Impact Without Impact
70R W 787.96 3456.28 21.00 651.20 2856.4
70RW + Class A 1086.94 -1514.63 21.00 892.29 -1251.8
70RT 604.02 2419.19 10.00 549.11 2199.3
70RT + Class A 910.67 2371.62 10.00 790.20 2156.0
Class A - One Lane 291.72 1442.84 21.00 241.09 #####
Class A - Two Lanes 583.40 1359.27 21.00 482.15 1123.4
Class A - Three Lanes 871.43 70.52 21.00 720.19 58.3

Fh BRAKING FORCE CALCULATIONS

Provisions of Clause 211 of IRC:6-2016 are followed.
One Side Loaded Condition
Reaction Reaction Reaction on
Vehicular LL Case due to 2- due to third Braking Pedestal, kN
Lane Lane Force, kN
HorizontalVertical
Loading Loading
70R W 1000.00 0.00 100.00 16.67 5.19
70RW + Class A 1000.00 540.00 113.50 18.92 5.90
70RT 700.00 0.00 70.00 11.67 3.64
70RT + Class A 700.00 540.00 83.50 13.92 4.34
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.00 54.00 9.00 2.81
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.00 108.00 18.00 5.61
Class A - Three Lanes 1620.00 540.00 175.50 29.25 9.12

Reduction as provided in Clause 205 of IRC:6 - 2016 is not applied.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 10 Mukesh & Associates

Total change in the length of the longitudinal girder = 8.08 mm

Design change in length (10% more is considered) = 8.89 mm
Change in length effective per support = 4.44 mm
Details of Bearings Adopted are:
Length lo = 400 mm
Breath bo = 250 mm
Overall Thickness = 64 mm
Side cover, c = 6 mm
Outer Cover he = 6 mm
Number of layers of neoprane = 3 nos.
Number of Steel Plates = 4 Nos.
Thickness of Elastomer hi = 12 mm
Thickness of steel plates hs = 4 mm
Effective Width of Bearing = 238 mm
Effective Length of Bearing = 388 mm
Effective thickness of Baering = 48 mm
Shear strain in bearing = 0.09257
Shear Modulus of Bearing Material = 1.00 N/mm2
Shear Stress in Bearing = 0.09257 N/mm2
Total number of bearings/Span/Support = 6 Nos.
Induced shear force at the bottom of bearing = 51.290 kN
Horizontal load on each support (in longitudinal direction)
= 51.290 kN
This force acts at RL (+) 206.563 m
Horizontal load on each pedestal (in longitudinal direction)
= 8.548 kN

Fcf CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Centrifugal Force, C = W x V2/(127 x R), where
W = Vehicular Live Load on Abutment in kN
As listed in the Table below
V = Design Speed of the vehicle, in Kmph
100 kmph
R = Radious of Curvature in meters
= 0m
acts @ RL (+) 209.491 m

MT at Top MT at
Reaction on Centrifugal of Foundati
Live Load Case
Pier, W, kN Force, C, kN Foundation on Level,
Level, kNm kNm
One Side Loaded Condition
70R W 1000.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RW + Class A 1540.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT 700.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT + Class A 1240.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Three Lanes 2160.00 0.000 0.000 0.000

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 11 Mukesh & Associates

Qfpl PEDESTRIAN/FOOTPATH LIVE LOADS

Support Reactions due to FPLL are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
Pedestal and Reaction loads due
identification to FPLL
On Pedestal, R1 32.642
On Pedestal, R2 1.819
On Pedestal, R3 2.765
On Pedestal, R4 -0.44
On Pedestal, R5 -0.683
On Pedestal, R6 -1.328
Total 34.78

Fcp LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE PRESSURE

As per Cl.214.1.1.3 of IRC:6 Live Load Surcharge equivalent to 1.2 m height of backfill shall be considered in the
design. Hence, the same is considered.
Lateral pressure = 6.600 kN/Sq.m.
Total lateral load = 1696.80 kN, at bottom of foundation and it acts at an
inclination of
21.34 Degrees with horizontal
= 1612.31 kN, at top of Foundation and acts at
At Bottom of Foundation 20 degrees with horizontal
Horizontal component = 1580.46 kN, acts at 8.034 m above point X
And, vertical component = 617.47 kN acts at 4.350 m from point X
This component is ignored, to be on conservative side
Moment about Point X = 12696.65 kNm, at bottom of pile cap

W WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Clause 209 of IRC:6 are followed in determining the Wind Load Effects on the bridge elements.
Span Details for Estimating Wind Forces
On Left Side = 19.96 m
Height of the crash barrier/parapet wall = 1.00 m
Lowest Bed Level = 196.22 m
Height of the structure above the existing ground level = 13.067 m
Terrain Category = 1
PLAIN TERRAIN
Hourly Mean Speed of WIND, Vz = 28.640 m/Sec
Horizontal Wind Pressure, Pz = 492.980 N/m2
2
0.493 kN/m
Wind Zone = 5
Basic Wind Speed as per Figure 6 of IRC:6 - 2010 = 39 m/Sec
Multiplying Factor for Wind Zone Effect = 1.182
WIND FORCES ON SUPERSTRUCTURE
Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where
Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.583 kN/m2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
2
27.225 m , on Left Side Span
2

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 12 Mukesh & Associates

2
Total Area, A1 27.225 m
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient
Type of Superstructure = 2 DECK GIRDER SYSTEM
CD = Calculated As Below
Width of the Deck = 16.00 m
Depth of Construction = 1.728 m
Ratio = 9.3
Hence, CD = 1.95
Transverse Force On Left Side Superstructure = 61.86 kN
Transverse Force On Right Side Superstructure 0.00 kN
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 61.86 kN
acts @ RL (+) 207.93 m
Longitudinal Fforce On Left Side Superstructure = 15.47 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Longitudinal Force On Right Side Superstructure = 0.00 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 15.47 kN
acts @ RL (+) 207.93 m

Design Wind Lift Force, FL = PZ x A3 x G x CL, where

Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.98596 kN/m2
A3 = Area of Exposure in Plan
159.68 m2, on Left Side Span

Total Area, A3 159.68 m2

G = Gust Factor
2
CL = Drag Coefficient
0.75
Design Wind Uplift Force on Left Side Superstructure = 236.16 kN
Design Wind Uplift Force on Right Side Superstructure = 0.00 kN
Total Design Wind Uplift Force on Superstructure = 236.16 kN

WIND FORCES ON MOVING VLL

Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where

Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.583 kN/m2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
2
29.94 m , as per clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6 - 2016
Thus, Wind Load on VLL does not depend on the Type of Vehicle, it depends only on the span arrangement
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6)
1.2
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 41.86 kN
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 10.47 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
acts @ RL (+) 209.79 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 13 Mukesh & Associates

WIND FORCES ON SUB-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

The exposed surfaces of the abutment are the abutment walls and return walls
FRL = 208.291 m
Bed/Ground Level = 196.224 m
Wdith of exposed face of Abutment = 14.250 m
Skew Angle = 0.000 radians
Exposed Width of Abutment = 14.25 m
Exposed Area of Abutment System = 171.95 Sq.m.
Drag Coefficient for Abutment = 1.20 Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of IRC:
Gust Factor = 2
Wind Force on Abutment = 240.44 kN
Acts @ RL (+) 202.258 m

Total Wind Effects are summarized below - One Spans existing

Transverse Longitudinal Vertical
Element Details Force, Acts @
Force, kN Acts @ RL Force, kN Acts @ RL
kN RL
On Superstructure 61.861 207.927 15.465 207.927 118.08
On VLL 41.864 209.791 10.466 209.791
On Abutment System 240.439 202.258 60.110 202.258
344.165 86.041 118.08
Gb BUOYANCY EFFECTS:
100% buoyancy effects are considered and the calculations are provided below. Self weight of the abutment
system and self weight of soil overburden decreases due to buoyancy and the effects of the same are determined
below.
A. Buoyancy Effects on Self Weight of Abutment:

Unit Weight of Water 10 kN/Cu.m.

Design HFL RL 201.423
Dimensions Distanc Mx
Weight
Item Description Breadth Height (kN) e from
Nos. Length (m) X, in m kNm
(m) (m)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.00 0.75 8.40 1007.9 3.975 4006
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.00 0.00 1.600 0.0 3.600 0.0
Additional Rectangular Portion 1 16.00 0.75 0.000 0.0 3.975 0.0
Return Wall System
Rectangular Portion 2 13.5 0.65 8.399 1474.0 11.100 16362
Triangular Portion 1 13.5 0.65 0.800 70.2 13.35 937.2
Counterfort
Abutment (Avg. base) 2 7.400 0.750 8.399 932.3 7.863 7330
Abutment (Avg. base) front rib 4 0.8 0.75 1.6 38.4 1.200 46
Return wall (Avg. base) End 2 1.975 0.650 8.399 215.6 17.525 3779
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid 2 1.975 0.650 8.399 215.6 13.025 2809
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt 2 1.975 0.650 8.399 215.6 12.375 2668.6
Heel Slab Portion
Rectangular Portion 1 16.00 13.50 0.800 1728.0 11.1 19181
Triangular Portion 0 16.00 13.50 1.200 0.0 8.850 0

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Toe Slab Portion

Rectangular Portion 1 16.00 3.600 0.800 460.8 1.8 829.4
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.00 3.600 0.000 0.0 2.4000 0.0
Total 6359 57948
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 9.113 m

B. Buoyancy Effects on Overburden soil on HEEL Slab:

Heel dimensions
Length (parellel to traffic direction) = 13.50 m
Width (perpendicular to traffic direction) = 16.00 m
Height of soil fill, upto HFL = 8.399 m
Load due to soil overburden over the heel slab, upto HFL = 18142 kN
acts at 11.10 m from X

Total Buoyancy Force = -24500.4 kN

and acts @ 10.584 m away from point X
Vc VEHICLE COLLISION LOAD ON SUPPORTS
Refer Clause 222 of IRC:6-2010

FeqT SEISMIC EFFECTS - Longitudinal and transverse Directions

& Road crest level = 208.291 M
FeqL Foundation Level = 192.224 M
Grade of concrete = 30 Mpa

Fundamental time period (T) = 2 x sqrt(D/100xF)

Provisions of IRC: 6 - 2016 for estimating the design horizontal seismic coefficient , Ah are folowed
and the calculations are presented below.
Design horizontal seismic coefficient , ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g) Where
Z =Zone factor, Refer Table No.16, Clause 219.2 of IRC:6-2016
(for modorate seismic intensity, Zone III)
= 0.16
I = Importance factor, Ref table No. 7, Clause 219.5.1.1
= 1.20
R = Response reduction factor, charecerized by ductility level of structure
Ref. Table No. 8 & Note below the Table For ordinary moment resisting frames
2.50
Estimation of Sa/g is done below - It depends on foundation strata, structural dampness and natural frequency of structu
Top Of Abutment Cap = 206.349
Top of Foundation Level = 192.224
f Frame (From top of Abutment Cap to Bottom of Foundation Level) = 14.125 m
Grade of concrete = 30 Mpa
Young's modulus of concrete = 30500 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia of Column Section = 5.625E+11 mm4
Deflection of tip = FL3/12EI
Horizontal load required to produce unit (1mm) deflection, F = 73053 N
73.05 kN
Dead load reaction from super structure = 3005.13 kN

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Live load reaction from super structure = 1000.00 kN

Total Vertical Load , D
= 4005.13 kN
0.5
Fundamental TIME PERIOD (Ts) = 2 x (D/1000xF) = 0.468 sec
Fundamental natural freequency, Ts in sec = 0.468 Seconds
For Hard = 2.135 (as the piles are taken to hard soil)
soil
Assum the % of dampness sites = 5
As per 219.5.1 of IRC:6 - 2010, Multiplying Factor = 1
Effective value of Sa/g = 2.135
Hence, ah = 0.082
Hence, Design horizontal seismic coefficient taken is = 0.082

Inertia Seismic Horizontal Level where it

Description of Inertia Force
Load (kN) Load, kN acts
Abutment System (Refer Self weight calculations of Abutment)
Dirt wall 310.720 25.479 207.320
Bracket
Rectangular portion 24.000 1.968 207.916
Triangular portion 12.000 0.984 207.941
Pedestals 8.663 0.710 206.424
Bed Block 416.0 34.112 205.949
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 3757.5 308.114 199.687
Return Wall System
Rectangular Portion 6698.40 549.266 200.658
Counterfort
Abutment (Avg. base) 3299.555 270.562 198.887
Abutment (Avg. base) front rib 96.000 7.872 193.824
Return wall (Avg. base) End 979.951 80.356 200.658
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid 979.951 80.356 200.658
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt 0.000 0.000 200.658

Rectangular portion above GL 2797.500 229.394 200.887

Dead Load of Superstructure
Superstructure DL and SDL 3005.128 246.420 208.091
Vehicular Live Load
As per Clause 222.7 of IRC:6-2016, The seismic force due to live load need not be
considered in the direction of traffic (longitudinal direction), but shall be considered in the
direction perpendicular to the traffic (transverse direction).
However, As per Clause 219.5.2
of IRC:6 - 2016, 20% live load
209.491
shall be considered for
calculating the seismic forces.

Seismic load due to embankment fill:

Refer Clause no. 8.1.1 of IS:1893-1984 for estimating lateral earth pressure coefficient.
Active earth pressure , pa = w x h x Ca where,
w, unit weight of backfill soil = 20 kN/Cu.m.
h, height of backfill above abutment = 16.067 m
Ca , Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = (1+av) x (A/B) x (1/(1+(C/D)0.5)2
A = Cos2 (f - l -a)

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C = Sin (f + d) x Sin (f - i -l)

D = Cos (a - i) x Cos (d + l + a)
ah, horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.082
av, Vertical Seismic Coefficient = Half of ah
= 0.041
f, angle of internal friction of soil = 32 degrees 0.5582 Radians
l, = 4.506 Degrees 0.0786 Radians
a, angle which earth face of wall makes with = 0 degrees 0.0000 Radians
the vertical
Slope of Earth Fill, τ = 0 degrees 0.0000 Radians
d, angle of friction between wall and earthfill = 21.333333 Degrees 0.3721 Radians
A = 0.7871
B = 0.8973
C = 0.3700
D = 0.9001
Ca, Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = 0.339 (Under seismic conditions)
For estimating Static Earth Pressure Coefficient, in the above formula,
ah = av = l= 0.0000
A = 0.7194
B = 0.9315
C = 0.4247
D = 0.9315
Ca, Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = 0.275 (Under Normal conditions)
Seismic Effects on Active Earth Pressure Forces
Due to normal
Due to Seismic Effects
conditions
At Bottom of
Description At top of Foundation
Foundation
Seismic Normal Seismic Normal
Effects Effects Effects Effects
Height 15.267 16.067
Pressure Ordinate (kN/Sq.m.) 103.515 84.029 108.940 88.43
Total Force per m 790.185 641.432 875.17 710.4
Total Force, kN 12642.959 10262.915 14002.7 11367
Horizontal Component, kN 11777.528 9560.402 13044.2 10589
Lever Arm 6.412 6.748
Rigid Body Moment 75519.156 61302.638 88024 71453
Resultant Moment about Point X 75519.156 61302.638 88024 71453
Increment in Active Earth Pressure Loads due to Seismic Effects
Horizontal Loads 2217.125 2455.571
Moment about Point X 14216.519 16570.535

Estimation of Self Weight Forces at the root of STEM - @ RL (+) 193.024

Dimensions Weight Eccentri Mx
Item Description
Nos. Length (m) Breadth Height (kN) city, m kNm
(1) (2) (3) (m)
(4) (m)
(5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 16.00 0.40 1.94 310.7 0.175 54.4
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 16.00 0.40 0.15 24.00 0.575 13.8
Triangular portion 1 16.00 0.40 0.15 12.00 0.508 6.1
Pedestals 6 0.70 0.55 0.15 8.66 0.125 1.1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 17 Mukesh & Associates

Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.00 0.75 12.53 3757.5 0.000 0
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.00 0.00 1.60 0.00 -0.375 0.0
Total 4528.9 -39.0
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = -0.009 m

Estimation of Self Weight Forces @ RL (+) 194.624

Dimensions Mx
Weight Eccentri
Item Description Breadth Height
Nos. Length (m) (kN) city, m kNm
(m) (m)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 16.000 0.400 1.942 310.7 0.175 54.4
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.400 0.150 24.000 0.575 13.8
Triangular portion 0.5 16.000 0.400 0.150 12.000 0.508 6.1
Pedestals 6 0.700 0.550 0.150 8.663 -0.125 -1.1
Bed Block 1 16.000 1.300 0.800 416.0 0.275 114.4
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.750 12.525 3757.5 0.000 0
Total 4528.9 187.6
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 0.041 m

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 193.024

Axial Load, Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 4528.88 -39.04
Super-structure Dead Load

2416.83 302.10
Back-fill Weight
Earth Pressure 9553.13 -61256.0
SIDL, other than W/C 339.42 42.43
FootPath Live Load 34.78 4.35
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 248.88 31.11
Vehicular Loading, without Impact

70R W 651.20 81.40 2856.4

70RW + Class A 892.29 111.54 -1251.8
70RT 549.11 68.64 2199.3
70RT + Class A 790.20 98.77 2156.0
Class A - One Lane 241.09 30.14 1192.4
Class A - Two Lanes 482.15 60.27 1123.4
Class A - Three Lanes 720.19 90.02 58.3
Breaking Forces
70R W 31.17 100.00 -1350.00
70RW + Class A 35.37 113.50 -1532.25
70RT 21.82 70.00 -945.00
70RT + Class A 26.02 83.50 -1127.25
Class A - One Lane 16.83 54.00 -729.00
Class A - Two Lanes 33.66 108.00 -1458.00
Class A - Three Lanes 54.70 175.50 -2369.26

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 18 Mukesh & Associates

Centrifugal Forces

70R W 0.00 0.0

70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0
70RT 0.00 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1501.77 -22927.5
Wind Forces
118.08 86.04 344.16 -960.99 3844.0
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 539.07 2689.83
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 549.75 2514.0
70RW + Class A 553.70 2448.9
70RT 548.07 2541.5
70RT + Class A 552.03 2476.4
Class A - One Lane 543.02 2624.7
Class A - Two Lanes 546.97 2559.6
Class A - Three Lanes 550.88 2495.3

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 194.624

Axial Load, Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 4528.88 187.59
Super-structure Dead Load

2416.83 -302.10
Back-fill Weight
Earth Pressure 7655.69 -43944.8
SIDL, other than W/C 339.42 -42.43
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 248.88 -31.11
Footpath Live Load 34.78 -4.35
Vehicular Loading, without Impact

70R W 651.20 -81.40 0.0

70RW + Class A 892.29 -111.54 0.0
70RT 549.11 -68.64 0.0
70RT + Class A 790.20 -98.77 0.0
Class A - One Lane 241.09 -30.14 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 482.15 -60.27 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 720.19 -90.02 0.0
Breaking Forces
70R W 31.17 100.00 -1197.80
70RW + Class A 35.37 113.50 -1359.50
70RT 21.82 70.00 -838.46

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Class A - One Lane 16.83 54.00 -646.81

Class A - Two Lanes 33.66 108.00 -1293.62
Class A - Three Lanes 54.70 175.50 -2102.13
Bearing Friction Effects 51.29 -612.35
Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.0
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0
70RT 0.00 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1344.38 -9186.8
Wind Forces
118.08 86.04 344.16 -823.32 3293.3
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 539.07 -11545.9
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 549.75 2848.6
70RW + Class A 553.70 2907.4
70RT 548.07 2823.7
70RT + Class A 552.03 2882.5
Class A - One Lane 543.02 2748.6
Class A - Two Lanes 546.97 2807.4
Class A - Three Lanes 550.88 2865.4

Summary of forces at Bottom of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 192.224

Axial Load,
Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT MLX MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 22902.23 206281
Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 2416.83 8700.6
Back-fill Weight 68965.68 745493
Earth Pressure 10580.54 -71399
SIDL, other than W/C 339.42 1221.91
Footpath Live Load 34.78 125.19
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 248.88 895.95
Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 651.20 2344.33 2856.4
70RW + Class A 892.29 3212.26 -1251.8
70RT 549.11 1976.79 2199.3
70RT + Class A 790.20 2844.71 2156.0
Class A - One Lane 241.09 867.92 1192.4
Class A - Two Lanes 482.15 1735.73 1123.4
Class A - Three Lanes 720.19 2592.68 58.3
Breaking Forces
70R W 31.17 100.00 -1546.10

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 20 Mukesh & Associates

70RT + Class A 26.02 83.50 -1290.99

Class A - One Lane 16.83 54.00 -834.89
Class A - Two Lanes 33.66 108.00 -1669.79
Class A - Three Lanes 54.70 175.50 -2713.41
Bearing Friction Effects 51.29 24909.3
Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.0 0.0
70RW + Class A 0.0 0.0
70RT 0.0 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.0 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.0 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.0 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.0 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1580.5 -12696.6
Wind Forces 118.08 86.0 344.2 1029.8 4119.3
Buoyancy Effects -24500.37 -259323
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 539.1 16908.4
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 539.067 16908
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 53.4 922.0
70RW + Class A 73.2 1263.4
70RT 45.0 777.5
70RT + Class A 64.8 1118.8
Class A - One Lane 19.8 341.4
Class A - Two Lanes 39.5 682.7
Class A - Three Lanes 59.1 1019.7
Due to Backfill 2455.6 16570.5

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 21 Mukesh & Associates

LOADS & COMBINATIONS AT BOTTOM OF

Load IDs FOUNDATION, RL (+) 192.224
& LCs
Load Details P, kN HL HT ML MT
G1 Self Weight of Abutment System 22902.23 0.00 0.00 206280.75 0.00
G2 Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 2416.83 0.00 0.00 8700.60 0.00
G3 Back-fill Weight 68965.68 0.00 0.00 745492.83 0.00
Fep Earth Pressure 0.00 10580.54 0.00 -71399.0 0.00
G4 SIDL, other than W/C 339.42 0.00 0.00 1221.91 0.00
G5 Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 248.88 0.00 0.00 895.95 0.00
FPLL 34.78 0.00 0.00 125.19 0.00
Q Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 748.88 0.00 0.00 2695.99 3284.89
70RW + Class A 1026.14 0.00 0.00 3694.10 -1439.52
70RT 631.47 0.00 0.00 2273.31 2529.16
70RT + Class A 908.73 0.00 0.00 3271.42 2479.42
Class A - One Lane 277.25 0.00 0.00 998.11 1371.30
Class A - Two Lanes 554.47 0.00 0.00 1996.09 1291.87
Class A - Three Lanes 828.22 0.00 0.00 2981.59 67.02
Fh Breaking Forces
70R W 31.17 100.00 0.00 -1546.10 0.00
70RW + Class A 35.37 113.50 0.00 -1754.82 0.00
70RT 21.82 70.00 0.00 -1082.27 0.00
70RT + Class A 26.02 83.50 0.00 -1290.99 0.00
Class A - One Lane 16.83 54.00 0.00 -834.89 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 33.66 108.00 0.00 -1669.79 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 54.70 175.50 0.00 -2713.41 0.00
Ff Bearing Friction Effects 0.00 51.29 0.00 24909.33 0.00
Fcf Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure 0.00 1580.46 0.00 -12696.65 0.00
W Wind Forces 118.08 86.04 344.16 1029.82 4119.29
Vc Buoyancy Effects -24500.37 0.00 0.00 -259322.56 0.00
Ff Vehicular Collision Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Forces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 539.07 0.00 16908.43 0.00
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads0.00 0.00 539.07 0.00 16908.43
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 0.00 0.00 53.40 0.00 922.03
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 73.17 0.00 1263.39
70RT 0.00 0.00 45.03 0.00 777.48
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 64.80 0.00 1118.83
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 19.77 0.00 341.36
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 39.54 0.00 682.67
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 59.06 0.00 1019.71
Due to Backfill 0.00 2455.57 0.00 16570.53 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 22 Mukesh & Associates

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PRESSURE

Size of Foundation
Width = 17.850 m
Length = 16.000 m
Materials Used
Concrete = 30 Mpa
Steel = 500 MPa
Foundation Area = 285.60 m2
ZL = 849.66 m3
ZT = 761.60 m3

p4 16.00 p3

MT
17.85

p2 p1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 23 Mukesh & Associates

Load Load Pu, kN HL HT MUX MUT X e MUL Contact Pressure Details, kN/m2
LCs Details kN kN kN kNm kNm m m kN.m. P u /A M u L/ZL M u T/ZT p1 p2 p3 p4 p max p min

1.00 x G1 +
C1 95688 12312.29 0.00 904681 3284.891 9.454 0.529 50666.6 335.0 59.63 4.31 398.99 390.36 279.72 271.10 398.99 271.10
1.00 x G2 +
1.00 x G3 +
C2 95969 12325.79 0.00 905470 -1439.52 9.435 0.510 48944.0 336.0 57.60 -1.89 391.74 395.52 276.53 280.31 395.52 276.53
1.00 X Fep +
1.00 x G4 +
C3 95561 12282.29 0.00 904722 2529.155 9.467 0.542 51839.1 334.6 61.01 3.32 398.93 392.29 276.91 270.27 398.93 270.27
1.00 x G5 +
1.0 x Q - VLL
C4 95843 12295.79 0.00 905511 2479.418 9.448 0.523 50116.5 335.6 58.98 3.26 397.82 391.31 279.85 273.34 397.82 273.34
(For witout
impact) +
C5 95202 12266.29 0.00 903694 1371.296 9.492 0.567 54017.2 333.3 63.58 1.80 398.72 395.11 271.57 267.96 398.72 267.96
1.00 x Fh - BF
+ 1.00 x Ff +
C6 1.0 x Fcf +
95496 12320.29 0.00 903857 1291.869 9.465 0.540 51556.0 334.4 60.68 1.70 396.74 393.35 275.39 271.99 396.74 271.99
1.00 x Fcp
C7 95791 12387.79 0.00 903799 67.023 9.435 0.510 48866.9 335.4 57.51 0.09 393.00 392.83 277.98 277.80 393.00 277.80

C8 95806 12398.33 344.2 905711 7404.18 9.454 0.529 50642.6 335.5 59.60 9.72 404.78 385.34 285.57 266.13 404.78 266.13

C9 96087 12411.83 344.2 906500 2679.76 9.434 0.509 48920.0 336.4 57.58 3.52 397.54 390.50 282.38 275.35 397.54 275.35

C10 95679 12368.33 344.2 905752 6648.44 9.467 0.542 51815.1 335.0 60.98 8.73 404.72 387.26 282.76 265.30 404.72 265.30
C1 to C7 +
1.00 x WIND
C11 95961 12381.83 344.2 906541 6598.70 9.447 0.522 50092.5 336.0 58.96 8.66 403.62 386.29 285.71 268.38 403.62 268.38
LOAD, W

C12 95320 12352.33 344.2 904724 5490.58 9.491 0.566 53993.2 333.8 63.55 7.21 404.51 390.09 277.42 263.00 404.51 263.00

C13 95614 12406.33 344.2 904887 5411.15 9.464 0.539 51531.9 334.8 60.65 7.10 402.54 388.33 281.24 267.03 402.54 267.03

C14 95909 12473.83 344.2 904829 4186.31 9.434 0.509 48842.8 335.8 57.49 5.50 398.80 387.80 283.83 272.83 398.80 272.83
G1 + G3 + Fep
C15 +W 91986 10666.58 344.2 881404 4119.29 9.582 0.657 60429.5 322.1 71.12 5.41 398.61 387.79 256.37 245.55 398.61 245.55

C16 95688 15306.93 0.0 938160 3284.89 9.804 0.879 84145.6 335.0 99.03 4.31 438.39 429.76 240.32 231.69 438.39 231.69

C17 95969 15320.43 0.0 938949 -1439.52 9.784 0.859 82423.0 336.0 97.01 -1.89 431.14 434.92 237.13 240.91 434.92 237.13
C1 to C7 +
C18 95561 15276.93 0.0 938201 2529.16 9.818 0.893 85318.1 334.6 100.41 3.32 438.33 431.69 237.50 230.86 438.33 230.86
SEISMIC -
LONGITUDIN
C19 95843 15290.43 0.0 938990 2479.42 9.797 0.872 83595.4 335.6 98.39 3.26 437.23 430.71 240.45 233.94 437.23 233.94
AL
C20 95202 15260.93 0.0 937173 1371.296 9.844 0.919 87496.2 333.3 102.98 1.80 438.12 434.52 232.16 228.56 438.12 228.56

C21 95496 15314.93 0.0 937336 1291.869 9.815 0.890 85034.9 334.4 100.08 1.70 436.15 432.75 235.98 232.59 436.15 232.59
C22 95791 15382.43 0.0 937278 67.023 9.785 0.860 82345.8 335.4 96.92 0.09 432.41 432.23 238.57 238.40 432.41 238.40

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 24 Mukesh & Associates

C23 95688 14767.86 592 921251 21115.35 9.628 0.703 67237.2 335.0 79.13 27.72 441.90 386.45 283.63 228.18 441.90 228.18

C24 95969 14781.36 612 922041 16732.29 9.608 0.683 65514.5 336.0 77.11 21.97 435.10 391.16 280.89 236.95 435.10 236.95

C25 C1 to C7 + 95561 14737.86 584 921293 20215.06 9.641 0.716 68409.7 334.6 80.51 26.54 441.65 388.57 280.63 227.54 441.65 227.54
SEISMIC -
C26 TRANSVER 95843 14751.36 604 922082 20506.68 9.621 0.696 66687.0 335.6 78.49 26.93 441.00 387.14 284.02 230.17 441.00 230.17
SE
C27 95202 14721.86 559 920265 18621.08 9.666 0.741 70587.8 333.3 83.08 24.45 440.87 391.97 274.71 225.81 440.87 225.81

C28 95496 14775.86 579 920428 18882.96 9.638 0.713 68126.5 334.4 80.18 24.79 439.34 389.76 278.98 229.39 439.34 229.39

C29 95791 14843.36 598 920370 17995.16 9.608 0.683 65437.4 335.4 77.02 23.63 436.05 388.79 282.01 234.76 436.05 234.76

C30 71187.5 12312.29 0.0 645358 3284.891 9.066 0.141 10009.9 249.3 11.78 4.31 265.35 256.72 241.79 233.16 265.35 233.16

C31 71469.0 12325.79 0.0 646148 -1439.52 9.041 0.116 8287.2 250.2 9.75 -1.89 258.10 261.89 238.60 242.38 261.89 238.60

C32 71060.7 12282.29 0.0 645399 2529.16 9.082 0.157 11182.3 248.8 13.16 3.32 265.29 258.65 238.97 232.33 265.29 232.33
C1 to C7 + 1.0
C33 x Vc 71342.2 12295.79 0.0 646189 2479.42 9.058 0.133 9459.7 249.8 11.13 3.26 264.19 257.68 241.92 235.41 264.19 235.41

C34 70701.5 12266.29 0.0 644372 1371.296 9.114 0.189 13360.5 247.6 15.72 1.80 265.08 261.48 233.63 230.03 265.08 230.03

C35 70995.6 12320.29 0.0 644535 1291.869 9.079 0.154 10899.2 248.6 12.83 1.70 263.11 259.72 237.45 234.06 263.11 234.06

C36 71290.4 12387.79 0.0 644477 67.023 9.040 0.115 8210.1 249.6 9.66 0.09 259.37 259.19 240.04 239.87 259.37 239.87

C37 71305.6 12398.33 344.2 646388 7404.18 9.065 0.140 9985.8 249.7 11.75 9.72 271.14 251.70 247.64 228.19 271.14 228.19

C38 71587.0 12411.83 344.2 647177 2679.76 9.040 0.115 8263.2 250.7 9.73 3.52 263.90 256.86 244.45 237.41 263.90 237.41

C39 71178.8 12368.33 344.2 646429 6648.44 9.082 0.157 11158.3 249.2 13.13 8.73 271.09 253.63 244.82 227.36 271.09 227.36
C30 to C36 +
C40 1.0 x W 71460.3 12381.83 344.2 647219 6598.70 9.057 0.132 9435.7 250.2 11.11 8.66 269.98 252.65 247.77 230.44 269.98 230.44

C41 70819.6 12352.33 344.2 645401 5490.58 9.113 0.188 13336.4 248.0 15.70 7.21 270.87 256.45 239.48 225.06 270.87 225.06

C42 71113.7 12406.33 344.2 645565 5411.15 9.078 0.153 10875.1 249.0 12.80 7.10 268.90 254.69 243.30 229.09 268.90 229.09

C43 71408.4 12473.83 344.2 645506 4186.31 9.040 0.115 8186.1 250.0 9.63 5.50 265.16 254.17 245.89 234.90 265.16 234.90
C15 + 1.0 x Vc
C44 67485.6 10666.58 344.2 622082 4119.29 9.218 0.293 19772.7 236.3 23.27 5.41 264.97 254.16 218.43 207.61 264.97 207.61

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 25 Mukesh & Associates

C45 71187.5 15306.93 0.0 678837 3284.89 9.536 0.611 43488.8 249.3 51.18 4.31 304.75 296.13 202.39 193.76 304.75 193.76

C46 71469.0 15320.43 0.0 679627 -1439.52 9.509 0.584 41766.2 250.2 49.16 -1.89 297.51 301.29 199.19 202.98 301.29 199.19

C47 71060.7 15276.93 0.0 678878 2529.16 9.553 0.628 44661.3 248.8 52.56 3.32 304.70 298.05 199.57 192.93 304.70 192.93
C16 to C22 +
C48 1.0 x Vc 71342.2 15290.43 0.0 679668 2479.418 9.527 0.602 42938.7 249.8 50.54 3.26 303.59 297.08 202.52 196.01 303.59 196.01

C49 70701.5 15260.93 0.0 677851 1371.296 9.587 0.662 46839.4 247.6 55.13 1.80 304.48 300.88 194.23 190.63 304.48 190.63

C50 70995.6 15314.93 0.0 678014 1291.869 9.550 0.625 44378.1 248.6 52.23 1.70 302.51 299.12 198.05 194.66 302.51 194.66

C51 71290.4 15382.43 0.0 677956 67.023 9.510 0.585 41689.0 249.6 49.07 0.09 298.77 298.59 200.64 200.46 298.77 200.46

C52 71187.5 14767.86 592.5 661929 21115.35 9.298 0.373 26580.4 249.3 31.28 27.72 308.26 252.81 245.70 190.25 308.26 190.25

C53 71469.0 14781.36 612.2 662718 16732.29 9.273 0.348 24857.7 250.2 29.26 21.97 301.47 257.53 242.96 199.02 301.47 199.02

C54 71060.7 14737.86 584.1 661970 20215.06 9.316 0.391 27752.9 248.8 32.66 26.54 308.02 254.93 242.69 189.61 308.02 189.61
C23 to C29 +
C55 1.0 x Vc 71342.2 14751.36 603.9 662759 20506.68 9.290 0.365 26030.2 249.8 30.64 26.93 307.36 253.51 246.09 192.24 307.36 192.24

C56 70701.5 14721.86 558.8 660942 18621.08 9.348 0.423 29931.0 247.6 35.23 24.45 307.23 258.33 236.78 187.88 307.23 187.88

C57 70995.6 14775.86 578.6 661105 18882.96 9.312 0.387 27469.7 248.6 32.33 24.79 305.71 256.12 241.05 191.46 305.71 191.46

C58 71290.4 14843.36 598.1 661047 17995.16 9.273 0.348 24780.6 249.6 29.17 23.63 302.41 255.15 244.08 196.82 302.41 196.82

2
Maximum Contact Pressure 441.9 kN/m
2
Allowable Maximum Pressure on Soil 500 kN/m
Check 1 PRESSURE ON SOIL IS WITHIN LIMITS, HENCE OKAY
2
Minimum Contact Pressure 187.9 kN/m
Check 2 NO SOIL-STRUCTURE IS OBSERVED, HENCE OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 26 Mukesh & Associates

ESTABLISHING STABILITY OF ABUTMENT FOUNDATION

Load IDs & LOADS & COMBINATIONS AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION, RL (+) 192.224
LCs
Load Details P, kN HL HT M LRestoring M LDestabilizing MT
G1 Self Weight of Abutment System 22902.23 0.00 0.00 206280.8 0.00
G2 Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 2416.83 0.00 0.00 8700.60 0.00
G3 Back-fill Weight 68965.68 0.00 0.00 745492.8 0.00
Fep Earth Pressure 0.00 10580.54 0.00 -71399 0.00
G4 SIDL, other than W/C 339.42 0.00 0.00 1221.91 0.00
G5 Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 248.88 0.00 0.00 895.95 0.00
FPLL 34.78 0.00 0.00 -125.19 0.00
Q Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 748.88 0.00 0.00 2695.99 3284.89
70RW + Class A 1026.14 0.00 0.00 3694.10 -1439.52
70RT 631.47 0.00 0.00 2273.31 2529.16
70RT + Class A 908.73 0.00 0.00 3271.42 2479.42
Class A - One Lane 277.25 0.00 0.00 998.11 1371.30
Class A - Two Lanes 554.47 0.00 0.00 1996.09 1291.87
Class A - Three Lanes 828.22 0.00 0.00 2981.59 67.02
Fh Breaking Forces
70R W 31.17 100.00 0.00 -1546.1 0.00
70RW + Class A 35.37 113.50 0.00 -1754.8 0.00
70RT 21.82 70.00 0.00 -1082.3 0.00
70RT + Class A 26.02 83.50 0.00 -1291.0 0.00
Class A - One Lane 16.83 54.00 0.00 -834.89 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 33.66 108.00 0.00 -1669.79 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 54.70 175.50 0.00 -2713.41 0.00
Ff Bearing Friction Effects 0.00 51.29 0.00 24909.33 0.00
Fcf Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure 0.00 1580.46 0.00 -12696.65 0.00
W Wind Forces
118.08 86.04 344.16 1029.82 4119.29
Vc Buoyancy Effects -24500.37 0.00 0.00 -259322.56 0.00
Ff Vehicular Collision Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
F sei Seismic Forces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia
0.00 539.07 0.00 -16908.43 0.00
Loads
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia
0.00 0.00 539.07 0.00 16908.4
Loads
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 0.00 0.00 53.40 0.00 922.03
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 73.17 0.00 1263.39
70RT 0.00 0.00 45.03 0.00 777.48
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 64.80 0.00 1118.83
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 19.77 0.00 341.36
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 39.54 0.00 682.67
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 59.06 0.00 1019.71
Due to Backfill 0.00 2455.57 0.00 -16570.53 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 27 Mukesh & Associates

Width = 17.85 m
Length = 16.00 m
Concrete = 30 Mpa
Steel = 500 Mpa
2
Foundation Area = 285.60 m
3
ZL = 849.66 m
3
ZT = 761.60 m
p4 p3
16.00

MT
ML
17.85
p2 p1

Sub-soil Particulars
Foundation Soil - Soft Disintegrated Rock
Frictional Coefficient between Soil and Concrete = 0.70

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 28 Mukesh & Associates

Pu HL HT M UL - Restoring M UL - Destabilizing M UT FS Sliding FS Overturning

Load LCs Load Combination Details
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
C1 67016.00 18070.41 516.25 920112 -354926.98 11106.3 2.60 2.592
C2 REFER TABLE B.1 of IRC:6 - 2016: 67436.72 18085.93 516.25 921609 -355167.01 4019.6 2.61 2.595
BASIC COMBINATION - 0.95 x (G1
C3 66829.13 18035.91 516.25 919478 -354393.57 9972.7 2.59 2.595
+ G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5+ 1.5 x
C4 F ep + 1.5 x Q + 1.15 x F h + 1.15 x F f 67249.85 18051.43 516.25 920975 -354633.60 9898.1 2.61 2.597
C5 + 1.15 x F cf +1.2 x F cp + 1.5 x W + 66292.07 18017.51 516.25 917565 -354109.09 8235.9 2.58 2.591
C6 1.0 x V c 66727.25 18079.61 516.25 919062 -355069.22 8116.7 2.58 2.588
C7 67162.06 18157.23 516.25 920541 -356269.38 6279.46 2.59 2.584
C8 70978.82 10610.80 0.00 964614 -326186.59 2463.67 4.68 2.957
C9 REFER TABLE B.1 of IRC:6 - 2016: 71187.60 10613.50 0.00 965363 -326228.33 -1079.64 4.70 2.959
C10 ACCIDENT COMBINATION - 1.00 x 70888.89 10604.80 0.00 964297 -326093.82 1896.87 4.68 2.957
C11 (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 71097.67 10607.50 0.00 965046 -326135.57 1859.56 4.69 2.959
1.0 x F ep + 0.75 x Q + 0.2 x F h + 0.2
C12 70622.23 10601.60 0.00 963341 -326044.35 1028.47 4.66 2.955
x F f + 0.2 x F cf + 1.0 x V c
C13 70833.51 10612.40 0.00 964089 -326211.32 968.90 4.67 2.955
C14 71043.03 10625.90 0.00 964828 -326420.05 50.27 4.68 2.956
C15 70566.93 13605.43 0.00 963131 -359665.55 656.98 3.63 2.678
C16 REFER TABLE B.1 of IRC:6 - 2016: 70623.23 13608.13 0.00 963331 -359707.29 -287.90 3.63 2.678
SEISMIC (LONGI.) COMBINATION -
C17 70541.58 13599.43 0.00 963047 -359572.78 505.83 3.63 2.678
1.00 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x
C18 G5 + 1.0 x F ep + 0.20 x Q + 0.2 x F h 70597.87 13602.13 0.00 963246 -359614.53 495.88 3.63 2.679
C19 + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x F cf + 1.0 x V c + 70469.74 13596.23 0.00 962792 -359523.31 274.26 3.63 2.678
C20 1.0 x F sei 70528.55 13607.03 0.00 962991 -359690.29 258.37 3.63 2.677
C21 70587.51 13620.53 0.00 963188 -359899.01 13.40 3.63 2.676

STABILITY CHECK:
Basic Combination Accident Combination Seismic Combination
Details
Actual Limit Check Actual Limit Check Actual Limit Check
FOS against
2.58 1.00 SAFE 2.955 1.00 SAFE 2.68 1.00 SAFE
Overturning
FOS against
2.58 1.00 SAFE 4.66 1.00 SAFE 3.63 1.00 SAFE
Sliding

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 29 Mukesh & Associates

ESTABLISHING STABILITY OF ABUTMENT FOUNDATION

LOADS & COMBINATIONS AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION, RL
Load IDs
(+) 192.224
& LCs
Load Details P, kN HL HT M LRestoring M LDestabilizing MT Size of Foundation
G1 Self Weight of Abutment System 22902.23 0.00 0.00 206280.75 0.00 Width 17.85 m
G2 Super-structure Dead Load Length 16.00 m
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Materials Used
Span existing Condition 2416.83 0.00 0.00 8700.60 0.00 Concrete, M 30
G3 Back-fill Weight 68965.68 0.00 0.00 745492.83 0.00 Steel, Fe 500
2
Fep Earth Pressure 0.00 10580.54 0.00 -71398.96 0.00 Foundation Area 285.60 m
3
G4 SIDL, other than W/C 339.42 0.00 0.00 1221.91 0.00 ZL 849.66 m
3
G5 Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 248.88 0.00 0.00 895.95 0.00 ZT 761.60 m
FPLL 34.78 0.00 0.00 -125.19 0.00
Q Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 748.88 0.00 0.00 2695.99 3284.89
70RW + Class A 1026.14 0.00 0.00 3694.10 -1439.52
70RT 631.47 0.00 0.00 2273.31 2529.16
70RT + Class A 908.73 0.00 0.00 3271.42 2479.42 p4 16.00 p 3 Heel
Class A - One Lane 277.25 0.00 0.00 998.11 1371.30
Class A - Two Lanes 554.47 0.00 0.00 1996.09 1291.87
Class A - Three Lanes 828.22 0.00 0.00 2981.59 67.02
Fh Breaking Forces
70R W 31.17 100.00 0.00 -1546.10 0.00 17.85
70RW + Class A 35.37 113.50 0.00 -1754.82 0.00
70RT 21.82 70.00 0.00 -1082.27 0.00 ML
70RT + Class A 26.02 83.50 0.00 -1290.99 0.00
Class A - One Lane 16.83 54.00 0.00 -834.89 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 33.66 108.00 0.00 -1669.79 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 54.70 175.50 0.00 -2713.41 0.00
Ff Bearing Friction Effects 0.00 51.29 0.00 24909.33 0.00 p2 p 1 Toe
Fcf Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure 0.00 1580.46 0.00 -12696.65 0.00
W Wind Forces 118.08 86.04 344.16 1029.82 4119.29
Vc Buoyancy Effects -24500.37 0.00 0.00 -259322.56 0.00
Ff Vehicular Collision Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
F sei Seismic Forces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 539.07 0.00 -16908.43 0.00
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 0.00 539.07 0.00 16908.43
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 0.00 0.00 53.40 0.00 922.03
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 73.17 0.00 1263.39
70RT 0.00 0.00 45.03 0.00 777.48
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 64.80 0.00 1118.83
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 19.77 0.00 341.36
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 39.54 0.00 682.67
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 59.06 0.00 1019.71
Due to Backfill 0.00 2455.57 0.00 -16570.53 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 30 Mukesh & Associates

Pu HL HT M UL - Restoring M UL - Destabilizing M UT X e M UL Contact Pressure Details, kN/m 2

Load LCs Load Combination Details
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm m m kN.m. P u /A M uL /Z L M uT /Z T p1 p2 p3 p4 p max p min

C1 125879.37 18070.41 516.25 1305446.35 -134552.87 11106.26 9.30 -0.38 -47420 440.75 -55.81 14.58 399.53 370.36 511.15 481.98 511.15 370.36
C2 126300.09 18085.93 516.25 1306943.52 -134792.91 4019.64 9.28 -0.36 -44922 442.23 -52.87 5.28 394.63 384.08 500.38 489.82 500.38 384.08
REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010: COMBINATION
C3 125692.51 18035.91 516.25 1304812.33 -134019.47 9972.66 9.31 -0.39 -48987 440.10 -57.66 13.09 395.54 369.35 510.85 484.66 510.85 369.35
(1) - 1.35 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.75 x G5+ 1.5 x
C4 F ep + 1.5 x Q + 1.15 x F h + 1.15 x F f + 1.15 x F cf + 126113.23 18051.43 516.25 1306309.50 -134259.50 9898.05 9.29 -0.37 -46489 441.57 -54.72 13.00 399.85 373.86 509.28 483.29 509.28 373.86
C5 1.2 x F cp + 1.5 x W + 0.15 x V c 125155.44 18017.51 516.25 1302899.54 -133734.99 8235.87 9.34 -0.42 -52152 438.22 -61.38 10.81 387.65 366.03 510.41 488.79 510.41 366.03
C6 125590.62 18079.61 516.25 1304396.51 -134695.11 8116.73 9.31 -0.39 -48805 439.74 -57.44 10.66 392.96 371.64 507.84 486.53 507.84 371.64
C7 126025.44 18157.23 516.25 1305874.75 -135895.27 6279.46 9.28 -0.36 -45202 441.27 -53.20 8.25 396.31 379.82 502.71 486.22 502.71 379.82
C8 92390.98 15598.31 447.41 967435.59 -121175.64 9625.43 9.16 -0.23 -21670.5 323.50 -25.50 12.64 310.63 285.35 361.64 336.36 361.64 285.35
C9 92755.61 15611.81 447.41 968733.14 -121384.36 3483.69 9.14 -0.21 -19504.9 324.77 -22.96 4.57 306.39 297.24 352.30 343.16 352.30 297.24
REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010: COMBINATION
C10 92228.99 15568.31 447.41 966886.11 -120711.81 8642.97 9.17 -0.25 -23030.5 322.93 -27.11 11.35 307.17 284.48 361.38 338.69 361.38 284.48
(2) - 1.00 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.3 x
C11 F ep + 1.30 x Q + 1.0 x F h + 1.0 x F f + 1.0 x F cf + 92593.63 15581.81 447.41 968183.66 -120920.53 8578.31 9.15 -0.23 -20865.0 324.21 -24.56 11.26 310.91 288.39 360.03 337.50 360.03 288.39
C12 1.3 x W + 1.0 x Fcp + 0.15 x V c 91763.52 15552.31 447.41 965228.36 -120464.44 7137.75 9.21 -0.28 -25774.5 321.30 -30.34 9.37 300.34 281.59 361.01 342.26 361.01 281.59
C13 92140.73 15606.31 447.41 966525.73 -121299.33 7034.50 9.17 -0.25 -22870.4 322.62 -26.92 9.24 304.94 286.47 358.78 340.30 358.78 286.47
C14 92517.64 15673.81 447.41 967806.87 -122342.95 5442.20 9.14 -0.21 -19744.0 323.94 -23.24 7.15 307.85 293.56 354.32 340.03 354.32 293.56
C15 91800.65 13921.53 0.00 964614.03 -141768.18 2463.67 8.96 -0.04 -3525.0 321.43 -4.15 3.23 320.52 314.05 328.81 322.34 328.81 314.05
C16 REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010: SEISMIC 91974.66 13924.23 0.00 965362.61 -141809.92 -1079.64 8.95 -0.03 -2678.8 322.04 -3.15 -1.42 317.47 320.30 323.78 326.61 326.61 317.47
C17 (LONG.)/ACCIDENTAL COMBINATION - 1.00 x (G1 91675.95 13915.53 0.00 964297.02 -141675.41 1896.87 8.97 -0.05 -4413.7 320.99 -5.19 2.49 318.29 313.31 328.68 323.70 328.68 313.31
C18 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.0 x F ep + 0.75 x Q 91884.73 13918.23 0.00 965045.61 -141717.16 1859.56 8.96 -0.04 -3257.2 321.73 -3.83 2.44 320.33 315.45 328.00 323.12 328.00 315.45
+ 0.2 x F h + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x F cf + 0.2 x Fcp + 0.15
C19 91409.29 13912.33 0.00 963340.63 -141625.94 1028.47 8.99 -0.06 -5886.8 320.06 -6.93 1.35 314.48 311.78 328.34 325.64 328.34 311.78
x V c + 1.0 x F sei
C20 91620.57 13923.13 0.00 964089.11 -141792.92 968.90 8.98 -0.05 -4582.6 320.80 -5.39 1.27 316.68 314.13 327.47 324.92 327.47 314.13
C21 91830.09 13936.63 0.00 964828.23 -142001.64 50.27 8.96 -0.04 -3243.1 321.53 -3.82 0.07 317.78 317.65 325.42 325.28 325.42 317.65
C22 91765.88 10926.89 592.47 964614.03 -108164.03 20294.13 9.33 -0.41 -37439.5 321.31 -44.06 26.65 303.89 250.60 392.02 338.73 392.02 250.60
C23 REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010: SEISMIC 91974.66 10929.59 612.23 965362.61 -108205.77 17092.17 9.32 -0.39 -36283.0 322.04 -42.70 22.44 301.78 256.89 387.19 342.30 387.19 256.89
C24 (TRANS.)/ACCIDENTAL COMBINATION - 1.00 x 91675.95 10920.89 584.09 964297.02 -108071.26 19582.77 9.34 -0.41 -38017.9 320.99 -44.74 25.71 301.96 250.54 391.45 340.03 391.45 250.54
C25 (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.0 x F ep + 0.75 91884.73 10923.59 603.86 965045.61 -108113.01 19886.82 9.33 -0.40 -36861.4 321.73 -43.38 26.11 304.45 252.23 391.22 339.00 391.22 252.23
x Q + 0.2 x F h + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x F cf + 0.2 x Fcp +
C26 91409.29 10917.69 558.84 963340.63 -108021.79 18278.26 9.36 -0.43 -39490.9 320.06 -46.48 24.00 297.58 249.58 390.54 342.54 390.54 249.58
0.15 x V c + 1.0 x F sei
C27 91620.57 10928.49 578.60 964089.11 -108188.77 18560.00 9.34 -0.42 -38186.8 320.80 -44.94 24.37 300.23 251.49 390.11 341.37 390.11 251.49
C28 91830.09 10941.99 598.12 964828.23 -108397.49 17978.40 9.33 -0.40 -36847.2 321.53 -43.37 23.61 301.77 254.56 388.51 341.29 388.51 254.56

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 31 Mukesh & Associates

Width of Foundation = 17.850 m

Width of Heel Slab = 13.500 m
Width of Stem at Foundation Top = 0.750 m SOIL SIDE TOE SIDE
Width of Toe Slab = 3.600 m
Thickness of Foundation Pad 150 150
At Tip of Heel = 800 mm

0
At the face of stem-Heel side = 800 mm
At the face of stem-Toe side = 800 mm

800

800
At Effective Depth away from Face of Stem - Toe = 800 mm
At the tip of side
Toe = 800 mm 709 2891
Diameter of Reinforcement in Heel slab = 20 mm 13500 750 3600
Diameter of Reinforcement in Toe slab = 32 mm Critical Section for Flexure & Shear on Heel Side Slab Critical Section for Toe side Wide Beam Shear
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d effective - Heel = 715 mm Critical Section for Toe Side Flexure
d effective - Toe = 709.0 mm
d effective @ d eff away on Toe side = 709 mm
Shear Span on Toe side = 2.891 m
tan (b) = 0.0000 249.58
Height of Soil fill on Heel Slab = kN/m 2 kN/m 2

458.4

468.8
15.267 m 447.405 511.15
Ht. of Soil fill on Toe slab (below scour level) = 2.200 m
3
Unit Weight of Soil Overburden = 20 kN/m
3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m

Design of Heel Slab: Design of Toe Slab:

Case (i)
2 2
Maximum pressure = 249.58 kN/m Upward Maximum pressure = 511.1 kN/m Upward
= 249.58221 kN/m Upward = 511.1475 kN/m Upward
Maximum Load due to earth = 15.267 x 20 x 1.35 Max BM for the heel slab = 511.1475 kNm Upward
= 412.209 kN/m Downward
= 412.209 kN/m Downward
Self weight of base slab = 0.8 x 25 x 1.35 Base slab spanning between counterforts
= 27.00 kN/m Downward Spacing of counterforts = 5.550 m
Total Load on foundation = 249.58 - 412.209 - 27 Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12
Max BM for the heel slab = 189.6268 kNm (Downward) Mu = 511.148x5.55²/12
Support moment = 1312.05 tm
Case (ii) = WL²/24
2
Maximum pressure = 384.0784 kN/m Upward Mu = 511.148x5.55²/24
= 384.07844 kN/m Upward Span moment = 656.03 tm
Total Load on foundation = 384.08 - 412.209 - 27 Mu Support moment = 1312.05 kNm
Max BM for the heel slab = 1.1306 kNm (Downward) Mu Span moment = 656.03 kNm
Base slab spanning between counterforts Maximum Factored shear force
Spacing of counterforts = 5.550 m = WL / 2
Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12 = 511.148 x 5.55 / 2
Mu = 189.627 x 5.55²/12 = 1418.43 kN
Support moment = 486.75 kNm 1418.43
= WL²/24 1252.3 Shear Force Diagram
Mu = 189.627 x 5.55²/24 0.325 2.45
Span moment = 243.37 kNm
Mu Support moment = 486.75 kNm 2.775 2.775
Mu Span moment = 243.37 kNm 5.55

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 32 Mukesh & Associates

(fck) = 30 MPa (fck) = 30 MPa

(fywk) = 500 MPa (fywk) = 500 MPa
2 2
(fywk)/g = 434.783 N/mm (fywk)/g = 434.783 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6 Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.826 Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.826
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5 Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15 Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035 Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 2000 Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 2000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 100 modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 100
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.004174 Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.00417
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder) Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8 Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa 0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1 Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa 1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40 fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.4000
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72 Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.7200
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4 Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n) sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

DESIGN OF SECTIONS DESIGN OF SECTIONS

Design Moment(Sagging) = 486.8 KNm Design Moment(Sagging) = 1312.1 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm
Depth of beam, D = 800 mm Depth of beam, D = 800 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos No of layers = 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 20 mm Dia of Main. Bar = 32 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 703 mm deff provided = 697 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.0919 Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.25194
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 349.2742 mm Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 573.441 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm' Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 294.7474 mm Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 292.232 mm
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 67.1546 mm Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 198.127 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
2 2
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 1655.764 mm Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 4885.02 mm
2 2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 1040.00 mm Minimum Reinf.reqd = 1040.00 mm
Dia of bars = 20 mm Dia of bars = 32 mm
Spacing of Bars = 125 Nos Spacing of Bars = 125 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
2 2
Reinf provided = 2513.3 mm Reinf provided = 6434.0 mm
Reinf provided is = Safe Reinf provided is = Safe
Distribution Reinf provided is = Safe Distribution Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 101.9336 mm Neutral axis depth (x) = 260.95 mm
NA is = Safe NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 723.633 KNm Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1657.79 KNm
MR = Safe MR = Safe
Margin = 1.487 Margin = 1.264

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 33 Mukesh & Associates

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011) Shear Force Diagram
Maximum Factored shear force = WL / 2
= 189.627 x 5.55 / 2 526.21 464.58
= 526.21 kN
MEd 0.325 2.45 Heel Side
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement 2.775 2.775
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts 5.55
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
HEEL SIDE : TOE SIDE :
VEd = 464.58 KN VEd = 1252.31 KN
VPd = 0 KN VPd = 0 KN
VNs = 464.5818018 KN VNs = 1252.31 KN
fck = 30 Mpa fck = 30 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa fyk = 500 Mpa
K = 1.529 K = 1.529
d = 0.72 m d = 0.72 m
bw = 1.00 m bw = 1.00 m
bwc = 1.00 m bwc = 1.00 m
2 2
Asl = 2513 mm Asl = 6434 mm
2 2
Asc = 0 mm Asc = 0 mm
3 3
S = (Ay)c = 0.51123 m S = (Ay)c = 0.50268 m
4 4
I = 0.03046 m I = 0.03046 m
scp = 0 MPa scp = 0 MPa
fywd = 434.7826 MPa fywd = 434.783 MPa
fcd = 13.40 MPa fcd = 13.40 MPa
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.33 fctd = fctk/gm = 2.33
acw = 1 acw = 1
n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) = 0.54194 n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) = 0.54194
r1= = 0.00352 r1= = 0.00900
q deg = 45 q deg = 45
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2 For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 266.8509 KN VRd,c = 364.933 KN
= 0.3732 = 0.5104
Vmin = 229.5044 KN Vmin = 229.504 KN
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd] VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0 KN VRd,c = 0 KN
VRd,c = 266.851 kN VRd,c = 364.933 kN
VEd, < 2596.14 VEd, < 2596.14
VEd, actual = 464.5818018 kN VEd, actual = 1252.31 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd
VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq) VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max = 2336.527742 kN VRd,max = 2336.53 kN
rmin = 0.00078872 . rmin = 0.00079 .
2 2
Asw min = 98.59006035 mm Asw min = 98.5901 mm
n1 = 0.541935484 n1 = 0.54194
Asw max 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd) Asw max 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2 2
Asw max = 1043.903226 mm Asw max = 1043.9 mm
2 2
Asw required = 88.34131416 mm Asw required = 396.457 mm
s = spacing of stirrups = 125 mm s = spacing of stirrups = 125 mm
diameter of stirrup = 10 mm diameter of stirrup = 10 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 1 Nos No. of legs for stirrups = 1 Nos
diameter of stirrup = 0 mm diameter of stirrup = 0 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 0 Nos No. of legs for stirrups = 0 Nos
2 2
Asw provided = 628.3185307 mm Asw provided = 628.319 mm
Shear reinft provided = Safe Shear reinft provided = Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 34 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF UPRIGHT SLAB :

Height of Upright slab = 12.525 m

Maximum Spacing of counterfort (L) = 5.550 m
Pressure intensity due to Earth Pressure = ka x γ x h
@ bottom of upright slab W = 0.275 x 2 x 16.067
= 8.84 t/m²
Surcharge = ka x γ x h
= 0.275 x 2 x 1.2
= 0.660
Under Ultimate load condition = 8.837 x 1.5 + 0.66 x 1.2"
W = 14.05 t/m²
Max BM for the upright slab for the bottom 1m strip
Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12
Mu = 14.05x5.55²/12
Support moment = 36.06 tm
= WL²/24
Mu = 14.05x5.55²/24
Span moment = 18.03 tm
Mu Support moment = 360.65 kNm
Mu Span moment = 180.32 kNm

Maximum shear force = WL / 2

= 14.05 x 5.55 / 2
= 38.99 t

Overall thickness = 750 mm

2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 20 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 150 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm
Calculation for depth required:
Eff. Depth Provided = 750 - 75 - 20 / 2
= 750 - 75 - 10
= 665 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 360.65 x E6
0.1658x30x1000

= 72507.04
d = 269.27 mm < 665.0 mm
Hence Ok...

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 35 Mukesh & Associates

Min. Ast required =

0.13/100xbxd
=
0.13/100x1000x665
=864.5 mm²
x/d =0.456
x =0.456 d
Ast =
M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 360.65 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 665-(0.416 x 0.456 x 665))
= 1539.37 mm²
Provide 20# ,150 C/C spacing on Both faces Horizontally
Area of 20Ø = 314.2 mm²
= 2094.4 mm² > 1539.4 mm²
Hence Ok…
Vertical Reinforcement:
0.13% b D = 0.13%x1000x665
= 864.50 mm²
Size of rod provided = 16 mm
Area of one rod = 201 mm²
Spacing of rods = 150 mm
(200.96x1000)/150 = 1339.73 mm² > 865 mm²
Hence Ok…
Provide16 # rods @ 150 mm C/C Both faces Vertically

n
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X . (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)

VEd = 389.9 KN
VPd = 0 KN
VNs = 389.9 KN
fck = 30 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa
K = 1.5484085
d = 0.665 m
bw = 1.00 m
bwc = 1.00 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 36 Mukesh & Associates

2
Asl = 2094.4 mm
2
Asc = 0 mm
3
S = (Ay)c = 0.5625 m
4
I = 0.0351563 m
scp = 0 MPa
fywd = 434.78261 MPa
fcd = 13.4 MPa
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.33
acw = 1
n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) = 0.5419355
r1= = 0.0031495
q deg = 45
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 242.3327 KN
= 0.3644101
Vmin = 217.55661 KN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0 KN
VRd,c = 242.3327 kN
VEd, < 2414.5935
VEd, actual = 389.9 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd

VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max = 2173.1342 kN
rmin = 0.0007887 .
2
Asw min = 236.61614 mm
n1 = 0.5419355
Asw max 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2
Asw max = 2505.3677 mm
2
Asw required = 170.12771 mm
s = spacing of stirrups = 300 mm
diameter of stirrup = 12 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 1 Nos
diameter of stirrup = 0 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 0 Nos
Asw provided = 376.99112 mm2
Shear reinft provided = Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 37 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT COUNTERFORTS :

Counter fort Base width = 13.500 m i.e. 13500 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.650 m i.e. 650 mm
Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 12.525 m
Counterfort spacing l = 5.550 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm
Earth pressure = 16.067 m
Surcharge = 1.200 m
Pressure intensity due to Earth Pressure = 0.275 x 2 x 16.067
2
= 8.84 t/m
= 1 /2 x 8.837 x 16.067
= 71.00 t
Pressure intensity due to Surcharge = 0.275 x 2 x 1.2
2
= 0.66 t/m
= 1 x 0.66 x 16.067
= 10.60 t
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h
= 6.748 m
Maximum B.M per m width = ( 71 + 10.605) x 6.748
= 550.67 tm

Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 550.67 x 5.55

= 3056.22 tm
= 30562.2 kNm

Effective depth available = (13500-75-32/2)

= 13409.00 mm

2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 30562.19 x E6
0.1658x30x650

= 9452905.9
d = 3074.56 mm < 13409.0 mm
Hence Ok...

(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.78261 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.600
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.82609
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.4516129

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 38 Mukesh & Associates

Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]0.0041739

=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.400
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Design Moment(Sagging) = 30562.2 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 650 mm
Depth of beam, D = 13500 mm
No of layers = 3 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 32 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 13333 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.0246729
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 3432.8048 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm = 6081.0567
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 332.27637
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
2
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 5325.19 mm
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 11407.50 mm2
Dia of bars = 32 mm
Nos = 15 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 12063.7 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 752.74022 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 68353.559 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 2.237

Provide 32# - 15 nos in 3 layers

Connection between the counterfort and the upright slab:

Consider the bottom 1 m deep strip of the upright slab.(horizontal stirrups)
Lateral Pressure transferred to counterfort = wH(1-sin30/1+sin30)
for 1m strip at bottom = 2 x 16.067 x (1-sin30/1+sin30)
= 10.67 t/m²
Maximum Spacing between counterforts = 5.550 m
Maximum Pressure acting between counterforts = 10.67 x 5.55
= 59.22 t/m
= 88.83 t/m (59.22x1.5)
Steel required per metre length = 88.83x10^4/0.87x500
= 2042.07 mm²

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 39 Mukesh & Associates

Width of counter fort = 650 mm

Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 100 mm
Area of one rod = 113.04 mm²
Ast Provided = 1130.4 mm²
Ast Provided (for two legged) = 1130.4 x 2 mm²
= 2260.8 mm² > 2042.07 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 100mm c/c .

Connection between the counter fort and Foundation:

Base width of Foundation = 17.85 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
16.067 x 13.5 x 5.55 x 2 = 2407.64 t
DL of soil per m length = 2407.64/17.85
= 134.88 t/m
= 202.32 t/m (134.88x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 202.32x10^4/0.87x500
= 4651.03 mm²
Size of rod = 20 mm
Spacing of rod = 125 mm
Area of one rod = 314 mm²
Ast Provided = 2512 mm²
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 2512 x 2
= 5024 mm² > 4651.03 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 20mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 125mm c/c .

DESIGN OF RETURNWALL MID COUNTERFORTS :

Counter fort Base width = 3.650 m i.e. 3650 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.650 m i.e. 650 mm

Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 16.067 m
Counterfort spacing l = 4.175 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm

Earth pressure = 16.067 m

Surcharge = 1.200 m
Earth pressure = 0.275 x 2 x 16.067
= 8.837 t/m²
= 1 /2 x 8.837 x 16.067
= 71.00 t
Surcharge = 0.275 x 2 x 1.2
= 0.660 t/m²
= 1 x 0.66 x 16.067
10.6 t
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h
= 6.748 m
Maximum B.M per m width = ( 71 + 10.6 ) x 6.748
= 550.64 tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 40 Mukesh & Associates

Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 550.64 x 4.175

= 2298.92 tm
= 22552.4 kNm

Effective depth available = (3650-75-32/2)

= 3559.00 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 22552.42 x E6
0.1658x30x650

= 6975478.6

d = 2641.11 mm < 3559.0 mm

Hence Ok...
(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.78261 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.82609
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.4516129
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]0.0041739
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Design Moment = 22552.4 KNm

Width of beam, Bf = 650 mm
Depth of beam, D = 3650 mm
No of layers = 3 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 32 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 3483 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.2667952
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 2948.8552
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1588.5637 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 1057.735 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 41 Mukesh & Associates

2
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 16951.7 mm
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 3084.25 mm2
Dia of bars = 32 mm
Nos = 22 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 17693.4 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 1104.019 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 23396.836 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.037

Provide 32# - 22 nos in 3 layers

Connection between the counterfort and the Returnwall :

Consider the bottom 1 m deep strip of the returnwall.(horizontal stirrups)
Lateral Pressure transferred to counterfort = wH(1-sin30/1+sin30)
for 1m strip at bottom = 2 x 0.275 x 2 x 16.067 x (1-sin30/1+sin30)
= 10.6685 t/m²
Maximum Spacing between counterforts = 4.175 m
Maximum Pressure acting between counterforts = 10.67 x 4.175
= 44.54 t/m
= 66.81 t/m (44.54x1.5)
Steel required per metre length = 66.81 x 10^4/0.87 x 500
= 1535.86
Width of counter fort = 650 mm
Size of rod = 16 mm
Spacing of rod = 150 mm
2
Area of one rod = 200.96 mm
2
Ast Provided = 1339.73 mm
Ast Provided (for two legged) 1339.73333333333
= x2
2679.4667 mm² > 1535.86 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 16mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 150mm c/c .

Connection between the counter fort and Foundation:

Base width of Foundation = 13.5 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
0.275 x 2 x 16.067x3.65x4.175 x 16.067
= 489.682 t
DL of soil per m length = 489.68 / 13.5
= 36.27 t/m
= 54.405 t/m (36.27x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 54.405 x 10^4 / 0.87 x 500
= 1250.69 mm²
Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 150 mm
Area of one rod = 113.04 mm²
Ast Provided = 753.6 mm²
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 753.6 x 2
= 1507.2 mm² > 1250.69 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 150mm c/c .

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 42 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF RETURNWALL END COUNTERFORTS :

Counter fort Base width = 3.650 m i.e. 3650 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.650 m i.e. 650 mm
Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 16.067 m
Counterfort spacing l = 2.088 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm

Earth pressure = 16.067 m

Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 550.64 x 2.0875

= 1149.46 tm
= 11494.61 kNm

Effective depth available = (3650-75-25/2)

= 3562.50 mm

2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 11494.61 x E6
0.1658x30x650

= 3555290.6
d = 1885.55 mm < 3562.5 mm
Hence Ok...

(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.78261 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.82609
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.4516129

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 43 Mukesh & Associates

Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]0.0041739

=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Design Moment = 11494.61 KNm

Width of beam, Bf = 650 mm
Depth of beam, D = 3650 mm
No of layers = 2 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 3525.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.1327225
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 2105.2515
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1607.9476 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 495.804 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 7946.0 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 3084 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Nos = 18 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 8835.7 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 551.3234 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 12696.446 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.105

Provide 25# - 18 nos in 2 layers

Connection between the counterfort and the Returnwall:

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 44 Mukesh & Associates

Width of counter fort = 650 mm

Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 200 mm
Area of one rod = 113.04 mm²
Ast Provided = 565.2 mm²
Ast Provided (for two legged) = 565.2 x 2 mm²
= 1130.4 mm² > 767.93 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 200mm c/c .

Connection between the counter fort and Foundation:

Base width of Foundation = 13.5 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
0.275 x 2 x 16.067x3.65x2.0875x 2 = 244.84 t
DL of soil per m length = 244.84/13.5
= 18.14 t/m
= 27.21 t/m (18.14x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 27.21x10^4/0.87x500
= 625.52 mm²
Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 200 mm
Area of one rod = 113.04 mm²
Ast Provided = 565.2 mm²
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 565.2 x 2
= 1130.4 mm² > 625.52 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 200mm c/c .

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT FRONT RIB :

Counter fort Base width = 3.600 m i.e. 3600 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.650 m i.e. 650 mm

Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 1.600 m
Counterfort spacing l = 5.550 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm

2
Maximum Pressure = 51.115 t/m
Self weight = 0.650 x 2.5
2
= 1.625 t/m
Moment at the face of stem = 320.69361
= 3146.0 kNm

Effective depth available = (3600-75-25/2)

= 3512.50 mm

2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 45 Mukesh & Associates

= 3146 x E6
0.1658x30x650

= 973059.9
d = 986.44 mm < 3512.50 mm
Hence Ok...
(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.78261 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.82609
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.4516129
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]0.0041739
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
MID RIB END RIB
Design Moment = 3146.0 KNm 1573 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 650 mm 650 mm
Depth of beam, D = 3600 mm 3600 mm
No of layers = 2 Nos 2 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm 12 mm
deff provided = 3475.5 mm 3475.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.037378 0.0187
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 1101.3776 778.79
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1585.1431 mm 1585.1 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 131.910 mm 65.447 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe Safe
2 2
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 2114.0 mm 1048.9 mm
2 2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 3042.00 mm 3042.00 mm
Dia of bars = 25 mm 25 mm
Nos = 10 Nos 10 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm 150 mm
2 2
Reinf provided = 4908.7 mm 4908.7 mm
Reinf provided is = Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 306.29078 mm 306.29 mm
NA is = Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 7156.0523 KNm 7156.1 KNm
MR = Safe Safe
Margin = 2.275 4.549
Provide 25# - 10 nos in 2 layers

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 46 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF RETURN WALL :

(Refered from "Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain by WARREN C. YOUNG)" (page.-514)
Return wall = a x b
= 4.175 x 16.067
0 t/m²
4.175

16.067 m
16.067 16.067+ 1.2

q=
9.5 t/m²
Rectangular plate; two adjacent edges are fixed
and two remaining edges are free.

Case 10d. a/b = 4.175 / 16.067

= 0.26

Earth Pressure = 16.067

= 4.175 x 16.067
Earth Pressure , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.2750 x 2.0 x 16.067
q = 8.84 t/m²
Surcharge = 1.2 m
Surcharge , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.2750 x 2.0 x 1.2
= 0.66 t/m²
For Back fill & Surcharge:
based on a / b
Table Ref: = Table: 11.4, Case 10d
b1 = 0.020 ( Vertical pressure co efficeient )
b2 = 0.021 ( Horizontal pressure co efficeient )
q = 9.5 t/m² / m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 47 Mukesh & Associates

M = σ.Z
σ = -(β q b2 / t2)
Z = a t2 / 6
Mb = -(β q b2 / t2) x a t2 / 6
= -(β q a b2 / 6)

Moment @ base Mb = -(β1 q a b2 / 6) x1/a

= -(0.02 x 8.84 x 4.175 x 16.067² / 6)x (1 / 4.175)
= -7.61 tm / m
Similarly
Moment @ face Mf = -(β2 q b3 / 6) x1/b
= -(0.021 x 8.84 x 16.067³ / 6) x (1 / 16.067)
= -7.99 tm / m
Return wall design for Vertical reinforcement

Factor as per IRC 6:2016 = 1.5 Table B.2 , IRC 6: 2016

= -7.61 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall Vertically = 11.41 tm
Mu Design moment = 114.10 kNm

Return wall design for Horizontal reinforcement

Factor as per IRC 6:2010 = 1.5 Table 3.2 , IRC 6: 2010

= -7.99 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall horizontally = 11.98 tm
Mu Design moment = 119.80 kNm
Overall thickness = 650 mm
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 125 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm

Calculation for depth required:

Eff. Depth Provided = 650 - 75 - 12 / 2
= 650 - 75-6
= 569 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 114.1 x E6
0.1658x30x1000

= 22939.28

d = 151.46 mm < 569.0 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 48 Mukesh & Associates

(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.7826 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.8261
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.451613
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] 0.004174
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
Vertical Horizonatl
Design Moment = 114.1 KNm 119.80 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm 1000 mm
Depth of beam, D = 650 mm 650 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 12 mm 12 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm 12 mm
deff provided = 557 mm 557 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.034307 0.03602
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 169.105 mm 173 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 254.0425 mm 254 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 19.379 mm 20.36 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe Safe
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 477.8 mm2 502 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 845.00 mm2 845 mm2
Dia of bars Earth face = 12 mm 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 125 mm 125 mm
Dia of bars Outer face = 12 mm 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 125 mm 125 mm
Reinf provided = 904.8 mm2 905 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe Safe
Distribution reinf. = 845.00 mm2 845.00 mm2
Distribution reinf. Check Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 36.69609 mm 36.6961 mm
NA is = Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 213.3396 KNm 213.34 KNm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 49 Mukesh & Associates

Margin = 1.870 1.781

Provide 12# ,125 C/C spacing on Earth face Vertically
Provide 12# ,125 C/C spacing on Outer face Vertically
Provide 12# ,125 C/C spacing on Earth face Horizontally
Provide 12# ,125 C/C spacing on Outer face Horizontally

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
Shear/m run = 14.05 t
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
= 140.52 KN
VEd = 141 KN
VPd = 0
VNs = 141 KN
fck = 30 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
K = 1.555
d = 0.650 m
bw = 1.000 m
bwc = 1.000 m
Asl = 905 mm2
S = (Ay)c = 0.325 m3
I = 0.023 m4
scp = 0.0 MPA
fywd = 434.78 MPA
fcd = 13.40 MPA
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3
acw = 1.000
n = 0.528
r1= = 0.0014
q deg = 45.0

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 50 Mukesh & Associates

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 433.4 kN
= 0.28
Vmin = 213.9 kN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0.00 kN
VRd,c = 433 kN
VEd, < = 2299
VEd, actual = 141 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Not Reqd

DESIGN OF DIRT WALL:

Dirt wall design for Vertical reinforcement
Dirt wall = 400 x 1.942
Earth Pressure = 1.942 m
Surchrage = 1.200 m
Earth Pressure , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.28 x 2.0 x 1.942
Earth Pressure , q = 1.07 t/m
= 1.07 x 1.942 x 0.5
= 1.04 t - per 'm'
Surcharge , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.28 x 2 x 1.200
= 0.66 t/m
= 0.66 x 1.942 x 1
= 1.28 t - per 'm'
Lever arm = 0.82 (0.42 x h)
Moment due EP and Surcharge = 1.04 x 0.82
= 1.9 tm
Factor as per IRC 6:2016 = 1.5 Table B.2 , IRC 6: 2016
= 1.9 x 1.5
+ 1.28 x 1.2
Design moment for Dirt wall Vertically = 4.386 tm
Mu Design moment = 43.86 kNm
Overall thickness = 300 mm
Concrete Grade M35 = 30 N/mm2
Steel Grade Fe500 = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 150 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm

Calculation for depth required:

Eff. Depth Provided = 300 - 50 - 12 / 2
= 300 - 50-6
= 244 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 51 Mukesh & Associates

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 43.86 x E6
0.1658x30x1000

= 8817.85
d = 93.90 mm < 244.0 mm
Hence Ok...
Area of steel required:
Min. Ast required = 0.13/100xbxd
= 0.13/100x1000x244
= 317.2 mm²

x/d =0.456 (ref. previous calculation)

x =0.456 d
Ast =
M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 43.86 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 244-(0.416 x 0.456 x 244))
= 478.96 mm²
Provide 12# ,150 C/C spacing on Earth face Vertically
Provide 10# ,150 C/C spacing on Outer face Vertically
Area of 12# = 113.1 mm²
= 754.0 mm² > 479.0 mm²
Hence Ok…

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Shear/m run = 2.60 t

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VNs = 108 KN
fck = 30 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
K = 1.707
d = 0.400 m
bw = 1.000 m
bwc = 1.000 m
2
Asl = 754 mm
S = (Ay)c = 0.1 m3
I = 0.005 m4
scp = 0.0 MPA
fywd = 434.78 MPA
fcd = 13.40 MPA

fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3

acw = 1.000
n = 0.528
r1= = 0.0019
q deg = 45.0

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 578.1 kN
= 0.34
Vmin = 151.5 kN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0.00 kN
VRd,c = 578 kN
VEd, < = 1415
VEd, actual = 108 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Not Reqd

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CRACK WIDTH FOR RETURN WALL

2
Concrete Grade fck = 30.00 N/mm
2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm
Service Stage Moment = 87.85 kNm
Allowable crackwidthwadm = 0.30 mm
Section depth d = 650 mm
Section width bt = 1000 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 75 mm
Bar spacing s = 125 mm
Bar diameter f = 12 mm
Effective depth h = 569 mm
2
Area of steel As = 905 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Moment of Inertia of = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 2323815692 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
compressive stress =
0.73 < 13.40 MPa Safe

stress in steel ( σsc) = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr

134.06 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(75+12/2)
<= 405 mm

Case 1: Spacing of bonded <= 5*(C+ф/2)

0.00 <= 405

bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

distribution of = 0.5 for bending
.
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ Eqn 12.8

= 708 mm

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Ac,eff is effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 202.5 mm or 210.2 mm or 325 mm
Therefore hc,eff 202.5 mm
Ac,eff = 202500 mm2

rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.00447

Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement

or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 0.00 < 405 mm

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1176187 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 708.33 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5

(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es

=
= 134.06 - 0.50 2.60 x 1.03
0.00447
= -0.00069 240000
Section is in Compression, Hence No Crack

>= 0.000335 >=0.6 σsc / Es

(esm-ecm) = -0.00069

Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= -0.4878 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section is in Compression, Hence No Crack (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 55 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT CAP:

Dead load of Dirt wall = 34.67 t
Length of Dirt wall = 16.00 m
Load per 'm' run = 34.67 / 16
= 2.17 t/m (Input for STAAD)
Dead weight of RCC Girder = 241.683 t (Input for STAAD)
Live load with Impact = 78.7957 t (Input for STAAD)
+ footpath Live load
Dead weight of Abutment cap = Self weight in Staad
Earth pressure = t/o road - b/o abutment cap
= 1.942 m
Surcharge = 1.2 m
Earth Pressure = Ka.γ.h
= 0.275x2x1.942
= 1.06818 t/m
= 1 /2 x 1.068 x 1.942
= 1.04 t
Surcharge = Ka.γ.h
= 0.275x2x1.2
= 0.66 t/m
= 1 x 0.66 x 1.2
= 0.79 t
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h
= 3.146 m
Maximum B.M per m width = 1.83 x 3.146
B.M due to E.P = 5.76 tm / m

Longitudinal load = 5.13 t

Lever arm, L.A. = 3.44 m
= 5.12895371065 x 3.442
= 17.65 tm
= 17.654 / 16
= 1.103 tm / m
Total moment = 5.76 + 1.103
= 6.86 tm / m (Input for STAAD)

From STAAD ANALYSIS : Considering all Load factors as per IRC :2016
Axial Shear-Y Shear-Z Torsion Moment-Y
Beam L/C Node Force Mton Mton MTon-m MTon-m Moment-Z MTon-m
3 4 3 0 85.14 0 136.4 0 73.539
Ultimate load factors applied
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM : ULS

Moment = 73.539 tm
= 735.4 kNm

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Design of Abtument Cap:

Moment, Mu = 735 kNm

Torsion, Tu = 1364 kNm (cl. A4.6.2 3 - IRC 112-2011)
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mt = Tu (1 + D/B)
1.7
(1 + D/B) = 0.95
1.7
= 1364 x 0.95
= 1295.8 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
= 2031 kNm
Grade of Steel, Fe = 500 Mpa
Grade of Concrete , fck = 30 Mpa
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Bar @Top = 25 mm
Number of Bars used = 15 Nos.
Diameter of Main Bar @Bottom = 25 mm
Number of Bars used = 15 Nos.
Breadth, b = 1300 mm
Depth, D = 800 mm

Depth Required :

Eff. Depth Provided = 800 - 50 - 25 / 2

= 800 - 50-12.5
d = 737.5 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2

d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 2031.19 x E6
0.1658x30x1300

= 314124.2

d = 560.47 mm < 738 mm

Hence Ok...

(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.783 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.826
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45161

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Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.00417

Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.400
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Design Moment(Sagging) = 1295.8 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1300 mm
Depth of beam, D = 800 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 700.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.18949
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 499.817 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm = 319.492
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 144.692
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 4637.77 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 1352.00 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Nos = 15 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 7363.1 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 229.718 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1948.38 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.504

Provide 25# - 15 nos in "Top and Bottom

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

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Shear,V = 85.14 t = 851 kN

Torsional moment = 136.4 kN.m

Equivalent shear = V + 1.6 T (cl. A4.6.2 3 - IRC 112-2011)

= 851.40 + 1.6 x 136.4

1.3

= 851.40 + 167.877
= 1019.28 kN

Design S.F = 1019.3 kN

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)

VEd = 1019 KN
VPd = 0
VNs = 1019 KN
fck = 35 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
K = 1.500
d = 0.800 m
bw = 1.000 m
bwc = 1.000 m
Asl = 0 mm2
S = (Ay)c = 0.320 m3
I = 0.043 m4
scp = 0.0 MPA
fywd = 434.78 MPA
fcd = 15.63 MPA
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3
acw = 1.000
n = 0.516
r1= = 0.0000
q deg = 45.0

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For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 0.0 kN
= 0.00
Vmin = 269.5 kN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0.00 kN
VRd,c = 270 kN
VEd, < = 3227
VEd, actual = 1019 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd
VRd,s = Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max = acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max = 2904 kN
rmin = 0.00085
2
Asw min = 170 mm
n1 = 0.52
Asw max =
2
Asw max = 1855.36 mm
2
Asw required = 479 mm
s = spacing of stirrups = 200 mm
diameter of stirrup = 16 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 2 Nos
diameter of stirrup = 10 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 8 Nos
2
Asw provided = 5152 mm
Shear reinft provided Safe
VRd,s = 8064 KN

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 60 Mukesh & Associates

Design of Triple Column Pier with Open foundation

Bridge at KM -145+716

1. Introduction :-

Design of Triple column pier and open foundation is presented in the following pages.

2. Brief Description of Structure:-

The Pier comprises of Solid Circular column of 3 nos with Capping beam R.C.C construction. The
foundation comprises of R.C.C footing.

3. Design Parameters:-
The design parameters shall be as follows:-

* Dead Load - i) Dead Load of Superstructure

ii) Dead Load of substructure and foundation
* Live Load - I) Class - A - 3 lanes
ii) Class 70R vehicle and class A
* Wind Forces - Considered as per clause - 212 of IRC: 6-2016
* Seismic Forces - For Zone - III as per clause - 219 of IRC : 6-2016

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Input data's:
Sl. No Description

1 Formation Level 208.291

2 Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm

3 Top of deck slab excluding wearing coat 208.216

4 Bottom of deck (BOD) 206.563

5 Highest Flood Level (HFL) 200.720

6 Top of Pier Cap 206.563

7 Founding Level 192.224

8 Bed level 196.224

9 Top of Footing 193.824

10 Thickeness of footing 1600 m

2
11 Grade of Steel fy 500 N / mm

2
12 Grade of concrete fck 35 N / mm
2
13 Unit weight of Concrete - for RCC 25 KN / m
2
Unit weight of Concrete(W.C) 22 KN / m
3
Unit weight of Soil 20 KN / m

14 C/C of Expansion Joint 20.00 m

15 Width of the deck slab/Width of Piercap 16.00 m

16 Width of the carriageway 11.00 m

17 Width of footpath 1.5 m

18 Thickness of Kerb 275 mm at outer edge

225 mm at inner edge

19 Diameter of Column 1500 mm

20 Number of Columns 3 Nos

21 Length of pier cap 16.00 m

22 Width of Pier cap 1.80 m

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23 Number of Bearings 6 Nos

24 Bearing Size 500 x 250 x 64

Pedestal Size 800 x 550 x 280

3
23 Unit weight of water, γ 10 KN/m

24 Velocity of flow 3.880 m/sec

25 Nature of crossing SQ

26 Over all depth of super structure 1.500 m

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16000 206.563 BOD

150 225 300 300 375 206.219 TOP OF
PIER CAP
1500
` 204.719 BOTTOM OF
1750 1750 PIER CAP
HFL - 200.720
2500 5500 5500 2500.00

5448

4000

10895
1500
5448

1750

193.824

1600 Founding level

192.224
16000 Sq

Section A-A
1800

900 900
206.219
1500
204.719
150

1500 Dia

193.824

700
1600
900
Founding Level
192.224
1750 1500 1750

5000
Section B-B

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Load calculation:
1. Super structure load
Bearing reactions:
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11
Girder 215.894 235.47 230.628 235.47 215.894 215.894 235.47 230.628 235.47 215.894
SIDL -10.396 -8.682 18.896 -40.464 250.202 -10.396 -8.682 18.896 -40.464 250.202
WC -2.094 -0.409 2.19 2.977 39.235 -2.094 -0.409 2.19 2.977 39.235
FPLL -1.456 -0.437 1.707 0.803 28.557 -1.456 -0.437 1.707 0.803 28.557
LL 3.709 166.412 457.159 166.412 3.709 5.806 17.955 92.831 17.955 5.806

2. Horizontal Load (Braking and secondary forces)

i) Braking load:
70 R wheel + class A:
70 R wheel load = 20% x 100.0 = 20 T
Class A = 5% x 55.4 = 2.77 T
Total = 22.77 T

3 lanes class A:
Class A = 20% x 55.4 = 11.08 T
Class A = 10% x 55.4 = 5.54 T
Class A = 5% x 55.4 = 2.77 T
Total = 19.39 T
Max load = 227.7 kN

BEARING FRICTION
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrinkage.
Refer Clause no. 217 of IRC:6-2016
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.17E-05
Maximum temperature variation = 17.5 deg.
Temperature Strain = 0.000205
Total Strain = 0.000405
Total change in the length of the longitudinal girder = 8.10 mm
Design change in length (10% more is considered) = 8.90 mm
Change in length effective per support = 4.45 mm
Details of Bearings Adopted are:
Length lo = 500 mm
Breath bo = 250 mm
Overall Thickness = 64 mm
Side cover, c = 6 mm
Outer Cover he = 6 mm
Number of layers of neoprane = 3 nos.
Number of Steel Plates = 4 Nos.
Thickness of Elastomer hi = 12 mm
Thickness of steel plates hs = 4 mm
Effective Width of Bearing = 238 mm
Effective Length of Bearing = 488 mm
Effective thickness of Bearing = 48 mm
Shear strain in bearing = 0.09276
Shear Modulus of Bearing Material = 1.00 N/mm2
Shear Stress in Bearing = 0.09276 N/mm2
Total number of bearings/Span/Support = 6 Nos.
Induced shear force at the bottom of bearing = 64.638 kN
Horizontal load on each support (in longitudinal direction) = 64.638 kN
Horizontal load on each pedestal (in longitudinal direction) = 10.773 kN

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3. Wind Load Calculation as per IRC: 6- 2016 - Wind Leading Force Case

The bridges shall not be considered to be carrying any live load when the wind speed at deck
exceeds 36 m/s as per cl: 209.3.7 in IRC: 6-2016.

Basic Wind Speed = 39 m/s

Avg Ht of the deck above BL 2.50 m (ht of superstr+1m Crash barrier)
Pressure as per table 0.464 kN/sqm
Design Pressure Pz= 0.548 kN/sqm

Force on Superstructure (considered on the longer of 2 supported spans-conservatively)

Force in Transverse direction = Pz X A1 X G X Cd
G = gust factor = 2
Cd = drag coeff = 1.1 for Slab bridges with b/d>10
1.5 for Box/single beam b/d 2
1.3 for Box/single beam b/d> 6
2.25 for 2 or more Box/ beam b/d 2
1.95 for 2 or more Box/ beam b/d > 6
2.2 for single plate girder
2(1+c/20/d) for multiple plate girders
(superstr ht + crash barrier ht)
A1 = 2.50 m X 20.00 m = 50 sqm
Ft = 0.548 X 50 X 2 X 2.25
123.4 kN
Ft acts at 14.22 m from pier base
Ft acts at 15.82 m from Foundation Base

Force in long dirn = 25% of F transverse = 30.8 kN

Force in Vertical (+/-) Fv = Pz X A3 X G X CL

CL = lift coeff = 0.75 for Slab/ box/ I girders and plate girders
A3 = 20.00 mX 16.00 m = 320 sqm
Fv = 0.548 x 320 X 2 X 0.75
263.21 kN

Force on Live Load

Force in Transverse direction = Pz X A1 X G X Cd
A1 = 2.00 m X 20.00 m = 40 sqm
Ft = 0.548 X 0 X 2 X 1.2
0.0 kN
Ft acts at 17.57 m from pier base
Ft acts at 17.57 m from Foundation Base
Force in long dirn = 25% of F transverse = 0.0 kN

Force on Pier Cap

Width of Pier Cap 1.80 m (b) t/b = 8.89
Height of Pier Cap 1.5 m (h) h/b = 0.83
Length of Pier Cap 16 m (t)
1.1
Force in Transverse direction = Pz X A1 X G X Cd
A1 = 1.80 m X 1.50 m = 2.7 sqm
Ft = 0.548 X 2.7 X 2 X 1.1
3.3 kN
Ft acts at 11.99 m from pier base
Ft acts at 13.59 m from Foundation Base
Force in long dirn = 25% of F transverse = 0.8 kN

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Force on Pier
Width of Pier 1.5 m (b) t/b = 1.00
Height of Pier 10.90 m (h) h/b = 7.26
Length of Pier 1.5 m (t)
Cd taken for h/b=20 0.5 (for circular section with smooth surface) IRC 6-2014 Table -13
Force in Transverse direction = Pz X A1 X G X Cd
A1 = 1.50 m X 10.90 m = 16.343 sqm
Ft = 0.548 X 16.3425 X 2 X 0.5
9.0 kN
Ft acts at 5.45 m from pier base
Ft acts at 6.25 m from Foundation Base
Force in long dirn = 25% of F transverse = 2.2 kN

Wind loading
Wind as Leading force
Wind Force in Superstructure
Force in Transverse direction = 126.64 kN
Force in Longitudinal direction = 31.66 kN
Force in Vertical Direction= 263.21 kN

Wind force over Pier

Force in Transverse Direction = 8.96 kN/m
Force in Longitudinal direction = 2.24 kN/m
4. Calculation of Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

Feq = Ah x (DL+LL)
Ah= (z/2) x (Sa/g) / (R/I)
Z= Zone factor as per table 6
Sa/g = Avg response accleration coeff depending on T
R= Response reduction factor = 2.5
I= Importance factor: 1, 1.2 or 1.5
T= Fundamental period in Sec. For this E is taken asIRC:112 and uncracked MI
T= 2 x sqrt ( D/1000F)
D= DL + LL on pier in KN
F= Force in KN at CG of superstr for 1mm of deflection at top of pier.

Sa/g = 2.5 for small bridges.

Column Pier
Zone 3 (2,3,4,5) Table 6 - IRC:6-2016
Z factor 0.16 Zone Z
R factor 3 2 0.10
Importance 1.2 for bridge 3 0.16
width 1.50 m 4 0.24
Depth 1.50 m 5 0.36
Height 12.7 m above pedestal over footing
Ht of CG of superstr from pier cap top. 0.900 m (e)
Soil M (Hard/Medium/Soft)
DL superstructure on pier 2769.62 KN
Pier cap load 1080 KN
LL appropriate on pier 797.40 KN
Grade of concrete in pier M 35
Moment of Elasticity of Concrete 31000 Mpa. Circular
Moment of Inertia of Pier (long dirn) 0.746 m4
Moment of Inertia of Pier (tran dirn) 2.237 m4

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Deflection = P*L^3/(3*E*I)+M*L^2/(2*E*I)
D = P*L^3/(3*E*I)+(P*e)*L^2/(2*E*I)
P (I) = 0.001 x 6 x 31000000 x 0.746
3 2
( 2 x 12.74 + 0.90 x 12.74 )
P (lo) = 32.39 KN
P (tr) = 0.001 x 6 x 31000000 x 2.237
3 2
( 2 x 12.74 + 0.90 x 12.74 )
P (tr) = 97.2 KN

T (lo) = 0.76 s
T (tr) = 0.44 s
Superstructure is rcc RCC/ PSC / Steel factor = 1
for damping ratio of 5%
Sa/g (lo) = 1.80 after 1.4 factor
Sa/g (tr) = 2.50 after 1.4 factor

Ah (lo) = 0.057
Ah (tr) = 0.080
Seis Hor. Load ton(long)
D.L of S.S = 159.12 kN

Seis Hor. Load ton(trans)

D.L of S.S = 221.57 kN
L.L = 12.76 kN
Total = 234.33 kN

Description of Inertia Seis Hor. Load

Load (kN) Seis Hor. Load kN(long)
Force kN(trans)
Pier cap 1080.00 62.047 62.047
columns 481.08 27.639 27.639

5. Computation of water current forces:

Maximum mean velocity of water current = 3.88 m/sec

Maximum velocity at MFL = 2 x 3.88 = 5.487 m/sec

Variation of water current forces = 20 0 (Cl 210.5 of IRC -6)

Velocity along longitudinal axis at HFL (along = 5.487 x 0.34 = 1.9 m/sec
Traffic)

Velocity along transverse axis at HFL = 5.487 x 0.94 = 5.16 m/sec

( Across Traffic)
MFL 200.720

6.9 m

Top of Footing
193.824

1.6 m Bottom of Footing

192.224

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Computation of forces on longitudinal axis:- (along traffic direction)

2
Pressure at MFL = 52 kV = 52 x 0.66 x 1.9 2
2 2
= 121 Kg/m = 1.21 kN/m

Computation of forces on transverse axis:-

2
Pressure at MFL = 52 kV = 52 x 0.66 x 5.16 2
2 2
= 912 Kg/m = 9.12 kN/m
9.12 kN/m2 (Transverse axis)
1.21 kN/m2 (Longitudinal axis)

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1). Staad model

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6. DESIGN OF RCC PIER CAP

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011

Density Concrete (kn/cu.m) 25 Beam fck 35 Mpa Ec 31000 Mpa

Pier fck 35 Mpa Ec 31000 Mpa
Sectional Properties
Load Case Cantilever
Hogging Sagging Mid span Mid span Mid span Mid span Mid span
Section at Pier Cap Pier Cap Pier Cap Pier Cap Pier Cap Pier Cap Pier Cap Pier Cap
No. of webs 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Width of beam, B (mm) 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
Depth of beam, D (mm) 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

Grade of concrete =M 35 MPa

Grade of steel = Fe500

(fck) = 35
(fywk) = 500
(fywk)/g = 435 N/mm2
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.50 N/mm2 Table-6.5, p-38,IRC-112
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83 N/mm2 Clause-10.3.3.2 P-91
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50 MPa Clause-6.4.2.8 P-49
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15 MPa Clause-6.2.2 P-30
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035 Basic Table-6.5, p-38,IRC-112
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 Basic Clause-6.2.2 P-29
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa Table-6.5, p-38,IRC-112
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45 N/mm2
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.0042 MPa
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder) Cube
Factor (l ) = 0.80 page-242
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00 page-242
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
.
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 15.63 Clause-6.4.2.8 P-48
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 12.51
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 71 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF BEAM AT SUPPORT/MIDSPAN Cantilever Hogging Sagging Mid span Mid span Mid span Mid spanMid span
Ve = Vu + Tu*1.6/b Piercap Piercap Piercap Piercap Piercap Piercap Piercap Piercap
Me = Mu + Tu/1.7*(1+D/b) 1 23 24 25 27 28 29 30
Shear = KN 938 938 1600 456 965 791 595 762
Torsion = KNm 135 135 135 121 1017 382 254
Moment = KNm 2540 2540 1360 797 22 355 1020
Design Eq Shear = KN 1058 1058 1720 1072.5556 1695 934.6 987.7777778
Design Eq Moment = KNm 2686 2686 1506 927.4902 1118.7647 767 1293.921569
Width of beam, B = mm 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
Depth of beam, D = mm 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
No of layers = 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Dia of Main. Bar = mm 20 20 20 0 0 0 0
cover to reinf. = mm 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Dia of Transverse bar = mm 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
deff provided = 1400 1400 1400 1430 1430 1430 1430
Kav= M/(B*d*d*fav) = 0.061 0.061 0.034 0.0201476 0.0243026 0.017 0.028107473
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = mm 638.53 638.53 638.53 652.20963 652.20963 652.2 652.2096317
Xu in mm = mm 87.4 87.4 48.5 29.047067 35.097272 23.99 40.65603937
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Steel required, As = mm2 4526 4526 2509 1503.9874 1817.2525 1242 2105.072144
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 0.13% mm2 5322 5322 5469 5541.6681 5518.8745 5561 5497.932437
Dia of bars mm 20 20 20 0 0 0 0
Nos Nos 24 24 24 0 0 0 0
Reinf provided = mm2 7540 7540 7540 0 0 0 0
Bar Spacing 71 71 71 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Unsafe Unsafe Unsafe Unsafe
Neutral axis depth (x) = mm 146 146 146 0 0 0 0
NA is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = kNm 4399 4399 4399 0 0 0 0
MR Safe Safe Safe Unsafe Unsafe Unsafe Unsafe

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X n . (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)

M Ed
V Rd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
V Rd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts
V Rd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
V ccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
V td Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
V Rd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
V Rd V Rd.s + V ccd + V td
V Ed Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
V Ns Net shear force in web at design section
V Ns V Ed -V ccd -V td -V Pd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
av distance of point load from face of support (for checking corbel)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 72 Mukesh & Associates

. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
V Ed 1058 1058 1720 0 1073 1695 935 988
av m 1.75 3 3 0 3 3 3 3
b reduction factor 0.63 1.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
V Pd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0.9 PT)
V Ns 1058 1058 1720 0 1073 1695 935 988
f ck 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
f yk 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
K 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.378 1+sqrt(200/d) < 2
d m 1.400 1.400 1.400 0.000 1.430 1.430 1.430 1.430
bw m 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 m
b wc m 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 m
A sl mm 2 7540 7540 7540 0 0 0 0 0 mm2
scp MPA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ned/Ac < 0.2 x fcd
f ywd MPA 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 ##### fyk/rm
f cd MPA 15.63 15.63 15.63 15.63 15.63 15.63 15.63 15.63 a*f ck /g m
fctd = fctk/gm 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
acw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Eq 10.9
n 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 Eq 10.6
r1= 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 #DIV/0! 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ##### Asl / (bw. d ) < 0.02
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
V Rd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
V Rd,c kN 845.7 845.7 845.7 0.0 863.8 863.8 863.8 863.8 for RC members
0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
V Rd,c kN 747.6 747.6 747.6 0.0 763.6 763.6 763.6 763.6 (min)
V Rd,c I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd] Eq 10.4
V Rd,c kN 846 846 846 0 864 864 864 864 to be taken for calculations
V Ed, (45 deg) < 10164 10164 10164 0 10382 10382 10382 10382 Eq 10.5
V Ed, (21.8 deg) < 7010 7010 7010 0 7160 7160 7160 7160 Eq 10.5
V Ed, actual, net kN 661 1058 1720 0 1073 1695 935 988 =b x V Ed
Shear Reinforcement is . Not Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd
q deg 21.8 21.8 21.8 #DIV/0! 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8
.
V Rd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s Eq 10.7
V Rd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq) Eq 10.8
V Rd,max kN 6308 6308 6308 #DIV/0! 6444 6444 6444 6444
rmin = . 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 ##### Eq 10.20
A sw min = mm 2 230 230 230 307 307 307 307 307
n1 = 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52
A sw max = 0.5*a cw *n1*f cd *b w *s/(f ywd )
A sw max = mm 2 2504.74 2504.74 2504.74 3339.66 3339.66 3339.66 3339.66 #####
A sw required = mm 2 65 104 170 #DIV/0! 138 218 120 127
s = spacing of stirrups mm 150 150 150 200 200 200 200 200
diameter of stirrup mm 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2
diameter of stirrup mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
A sw provided mm 2 905 905 905 1081 1081 1081 1081 1081
Shear reinft provided Safe Safe Safe #DIV/0! Safe Safe Safe Safe
V Rd,s kN 8262 8262 8262 #DIV/0! 7560 7560 7560 7560
OKAY OKAY OKAY #DIV/0! OKAY OKAY OKAY OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 73 Mukesh & Associates

Punching Shear Check for Foundation

vEd = βVEd*/ui*d
VEd = 1720 kN
ui = 4710
β = 1
vEd = 0.261 N/mm2

vRd.c = 0.18/ƳcK(80ƿ1fck)^(1/3)+(0.1*Ϭcp)>= vmin+0.1 Ϭcp

Ƴc = 1.5
ƿ1 = ƿly.ƿlx <= 2.0
ƿly = 0.279
ƿlx = 0.034

ƿ1 = 0.097
K = 1.378 <= 2.0

NEd = 3930 kN
Acy = 1766250 mm2
Ϭc = 2.225 Mpa
vmin = 0.297

vRd.c = 1.292 >= 0.519

Safe, Punching reinforcement is not needed
vRd.max= 1/2*v*fcd
v = 0.6*(1-fck/310)
= 0.532
fcd = 15.633
vRd.max= 4.160 N/mm2
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 74 Mukesh & Associates

5. DESIGN OF CIRCULAR PIER Checked As per SP 16 for IS:456 Table 59

Fck 35 Mpa
Fy 500 Mpa Column 0.367 0.080 0.908
Reinft Interacti
Bea Axial Force Moment- Moment- No. of Bar Pier Dia Pu/(fckD Mu/fck
L/C Provide Pt Pt/fck Mz My Mu/My Mu/Mz Puz Pu/Puz on
m kN Y kNm Z kNm bars Dia (mm) 2) D3
d Ratio
21 1 421.071 0 1447 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0053 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.198 49261500 0.009 0.206 OK < 1
421.071 0 1227 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0053 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.167 49261500 0.009 0.176 OK < 1
2 0 1531 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.209 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.209 OK < 1
0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
3 2224.707 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0283 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.045 0.045 OK < 1
1537.7 0 3 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0195 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.031 0.032 OK < 1
4 66.627 0 7 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0008 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.001 0.002 OK < 1
66.627 0 10 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0008 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.001 0.003 OK < 1
5 189.055 101 38 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0024 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.005 49261500 0.004 0.023 OK < 1
189.055 89 76 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0024 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.012 0.010 49261500 0.004 0.026 OK < 1
6 0 2507 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.342 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.342 OK < 1
0 1 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
7 271.953 0 1761 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0035 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.241 49261500 0.006 0.246 OK < 1
271.953 0 1133 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0035 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.155 49261500 0.006 0.160 OK < 1
8 118.016 736 2 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0015 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.101 0.000 49261500 0.002 0.103 OK < 1
118.016 0 3 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0015 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.002 0.003 OK < 1
9 33.454 0 312 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0004 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.043 49261500 0.001 0.043 OK < 1
33.454 0 97 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0004 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.013 49261500 0.001 0.014 OK < 1
10 0 55 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.007 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.007 OK < 1
0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
11 2.434 0 1 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
2.434 0 1 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
12 0 532 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.073 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.073 OK < 1
0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 75 Mukesh & Associates

101 3173.14 3344 46 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0403 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.457 0.006 49261500 0.064 0.527 OK < 1
2245.68 133 93 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0285 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.018 0.013 49261500 0.046 0.077 OK < 1
102 2890.409 0 10 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0367 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.059 0.060 OK < 1
1962.949 0 21 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0249 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.003 49261500 0.040 0.043 OK < 1
103 2699.041 3379 2610 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0343 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.461 0.356 49261500 0.055 0.872 OK < 1
1771.581 102 1633 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0225 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.223 49261500 0.036 0.273 OK < 1
104 3283.994 4484 35 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0417 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.612 0.005 49261500 0.067 0.684 OK < 1
2356.534 102 71 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0299 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.010 49261500 0.048 0.071 OK < 1
105 3070.716 3379 280 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0390 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.461 0.038 49261500 0.062 0.562 OK < 1
2143.257 102 32 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0272 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.004 49261500 0.044 0.062 OK < 1
106 3104.17 3434 32 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0394 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.469 0.004 49261500 0.063 0.536 OK < 1
2176.711 102 65 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0276 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.009 49261500 0.044 0.067 OK < 1
107 2359.408 698 1956 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0300 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.095 0.267 49261500 0.048 0.410 OK < 1
1431.949 18 1661 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0182 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.227 49261500 0.029 0.258 OK < 1
108 2759.426 2153 582 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0350 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.294 0.079 49261500 0.056 0.429 OK < 1
1831.967 17 496 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0233 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.068 49261500 0.037 0.107 OK < 1
109 2325.954 698 2268 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0295 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.095 0.310 49261500 0.047 0.452 OK < 1
1398.494 18 1759 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0178 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.240 49261500 0.028 0.271 OK < 1
110 2759.426 2207 582 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0350 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.301 0.079 49261500 0.056 0.437 OK < 1
1831.967 17 496 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0233 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.068 49261500 0.037 0.107 OK < 1
22 1 421.071 0 1447 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0053 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.198 49261500 0.009 0.206 OK < 1
421.071 0 1227 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0053 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.167 49261500 0.009 0.176 OK < 1
2 0 1531 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.209 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.209 OK < 1
0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
3 2142.579 0 4 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0272 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.043 0.044 OK < 1
1455.572 0 4 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0185 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.030 0.030 OK < 1
4 34.765 0 1 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0004 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.001 0.001 OK < 1
34.765 0 5 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0004 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.001 0.001 OK < 1
5 189.067 101 38 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0024 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.005 49261500 0.004 0.023 OK < 1
189.067 89 76 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0024 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.012 0.010 49261500 0.004 0.026 OK < 1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 76 Mukesh & Associates

6 0 2507 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.342 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.342 OK < 1
0 1 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
7 507.985 0 1765 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0065 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.241 49261500 0.010 0.251 OK < 1
507.985 0 1139 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0065 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.156 49261500 0.010 0.166 OK < 1
8 118.016 736 2 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0015 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.101 0.000 49261500 0.002 0.103 OK < 1
118.016 0 3 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0015 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.002 0.003 OK < 1
9 33.454 0 312 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0004 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.043 49261500 0.001 0.043 OK < 1
33.454 0 97 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0004 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.013 49261500 0.001 0.014 OK < 1
10 0 55 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.007 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.007 OK < 1
0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
11 2.894 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
2.894 0 1 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
12 0 532 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.073 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.073 OK < 1
0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
101 3233.593 3344 51 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0411 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.457 0.007 49261500 0.066 0.529 OK < 1
2306.133 133 102 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0293 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.018 0.014 49261500 0.047 0.079 OK < 1
102 2948.98 0 6 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0374 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.060 0.061 OK < 1
2021.52 0 12 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0257 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.002 49261500 0.041 0.043 OK < 1
103 3929.396 3379 2684 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0499 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.461 0.367 49261500 0.080 0.908 OK < 1
3001.937 102 1784 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0381 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.244 49261500 0.061 0.318 OK < 1
104 3344.443 4484 40 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0425 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.612 0.005 49261500 0.068 0.686 OK < 1
2416.983 102 80 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0307 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.011 49261500 0.049 0.074 OK < 1
105 3204.202 3379 349 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0407 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.461 0.048 49261500 0.065 0.574 OK < 1
2276.743 102 172 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0289 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.023 49261500 0.046 0.084 OK < 1
106 3170.748 3434 37 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0403 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.469 0.005 49261500 0.064 0.538 OK < 1
2243.288 102 74 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0285 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.014 0.010 49261500 0.046 0.070 OK < 1
107 3555.674 698 1955 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0452 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.095 0.267 49261500 0.072 0.434 OK < 1
2628.214 18 1659 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0334 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.227 49261500 0.053 0.282 OK < 1
108 3155.656 2153 580 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0401 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.294 0.079 49261500 0.064 0.437 OK < 1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 77 Mukesh & Associates

2228.196 17 494 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0283 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.067 49261500 0.045 0.115 OK < 1
109 3589.128 698 2267 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0456 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.095 0.310 49261500 0.073 0.478 OK < 1
2661.668 18 1756 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0338 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.240 49261500 0.054 0.296 OK < 1
110 3155.656 2207 580 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0401 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.301 0.079 49261500 0.064 0.445 OK < 1
2228.196 17 494 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0283 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.002 0.067 49261500 0.045 0.115 OK < 1
23 1 0 0 1336 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.182 49261500 0.000 0.182 OK < 1
0 0 1501 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.205 49261500 0.000 0.205 OK < 1
2 0 1 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
0 1532 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.209 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.209 OK < 1
3 1492.149 0 4 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0189 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.030 0.031 OK < 1
2179.156 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0277 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.044 0.044 OK < 1
4 63.973 0 9 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0008 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.001 0.002 OK < 1
63.973 0 3 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0008 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.001 0.002 OK < 1
5 614.237 113.542 0.001 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0078 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.016 0.000 49261500 0.012 0.028 OK < 1
614 89 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0078 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.012 0.000 49261500 0.012 0.025 OK < 1
6 0 1.07 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
0 2509.15 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.343 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.343 OK < 1
7 133.289 0 1237.57 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0017 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.169 49261500 0.003 0.172 OK < 1
133.289 0 1813.1 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0017 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.248 49261500 0.003 0.250 OK < 1
8 133.289 0.142 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0017 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.003 0.003 OK < 1
133.289 736.713 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0017 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.101 0.000 49261500 0.003 0.103 OK < 1
9 0 0 106.166 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.014 49261500 0.000 0.014 OK < 1
0 0 316.322 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.043 49261500 0.000 0.043 OK < 1
10 0 0 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
0 54.904 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.007 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.007 OK < 1
11 5.19 0 0.66 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0001 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
5.19 0 0.268 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0001 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
12 0 0.227 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.000 OK < 1
0 532.644 0 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0000 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.073 0.000 49261500 0.000 0.073 OK < 1
101 2829.774 171.805 9.169 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0359 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.023 0.001 49261500 0.057 0.082 OK < 1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 78 Mukesh & Associates

3757.233 3364 4.192 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0477 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.459 0.001 49261500 0.076 0.536 OK < 1
102 1910.234 0 8.936 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0243 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.039 0.040 OK < 1
2837.694 0 4.097 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0360 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.000 0.001 49261500 0.058 0.058 OK < 1
103 2814.724 132.065 1847.19 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0357 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.018 0.252 49261500 0.057 0.327 OK < 1
3742.184 3395.28 2715.46 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0475 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.464 0.371 49261500 0.076 0.910 OK < 1
104 2814.724 132.279 9.169 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0357 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.018 0.001 49261500 0.057 0.076 OK < 1
3742.184 4500.35 4.192 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0475 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.614 0.001 49261500 0.076 0.691 OK < 1
105 2608.823 132.065 96.239 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0331 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.018 0.013 49261500 0.053 0.084 OK < 1
3536.282 3395.28 311.822 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0449 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.464 0.043 49261500 0.072 0.578 OK < 1
106 2608.823 132.065 9.927 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0331 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.018 0.001 49261500 0.053 0.072 OK < 1
3536.282 3450.19 4.5 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0449 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.471 0.001 49261500 0.072 0.543 OK < 1
107 2032.303 22.991 1794.96 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0258 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.003 0.245 49261500 0.041 0.289 OK < 1
2959.763 701.279 2022.08 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0376 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.096 0.276 49261500 0.060 0.432 OK < 1
108 2032.303 23.555 525.482 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0258 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.003 0.072 49261500 0.041 0.116 OK < 1
2959.763 2156.27 596.222 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0376 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.294 0.081 49261500 0.060 0.436 OK < 1
109 2032.303 22.991 1901.13 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0258 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.003 0.260 49261500 0.041 0.304 OK < 1
2959.763 701.279 2338.4 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0376 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.096 0.319 49261500 0.060 0.475 OK < 1
110 2032.303 23.555 525.482 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0258 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.003 0.072 49261500 0.041 0.116 OK < 1
2959.763 2211.17 596.222 36 32 28953 1500 1.64 0.047 0.0376 0.062 7323750000 7323750000 0.302 0.081 49261500 0.060 0.443 OK < 1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 79 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

10. Ductility Requirements as per Section 17 of IRC:112-2011

Cl.17.2

rw= Asw / (SL.b) Eqn 17.3 for rect

rw= 4Asp / (SL.Dsp) Eqn 17.4 for circ

Consider 16 mm dia @ 85 c/c

rw= 0.00158 for rect w wd = 0.044

rw= 0.00676 for circular w wd = 0.188

fyd = 434.78
fck= 35.00
fcd = 15.63

rL = 0.016
Pier
B= 1500 D= 1500 mm
Ned = 291.07 Tons
hk= Ned / (Ac.fck) >0.08
0.047 Hence, Confinement reinft not required

1) w wd = >0.12 Minimum requirement

w wd = 0.1880 > 0.12 Hence OK

3) For Circular Sections

w wd,c = max(1.4 x w w,req ; 0.18)
w wd,c = 0.06030 OR 0.18 = 0.18000
w wd = 0.1880 > 0.18000 Hence OK

Hence Provide 1 layers of 16 mm dia @ 85 mm c/c

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 80 Mukesh & Associates

SLS and Crack Width Checks for Pier

(Taken with Eqv Rectangular section of pier)
Design for reinforcement
2
Grade of concrete Fck = 35.0 N/mm
2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.00 kN/mm
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Service Stage Moment = 298.92 Tm
Service stage Axial load = 261.96 T (comp +ve)
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth h = 1500 mm
Section width bt = 1178 mm equivalent
Minimum cover cmin = 50 mm
Bar spacing s = 122 mm
Bar diameter f = 32 mm
No of bars 36 Nos
Effective depth d = 1434 mm
2
Area of steel Ast = 28953 mm

pt = 1.714 %
p = 0.0171
Modular ratio m= 0.0064516
xu = kd =
k= sqrt(p.2.m+(p.m)^2)-p.m = 0.01

xu = kd = = 21.2 mm

Cracked MI of section Icr = btxu^3/3+mAs(d-xu)^2+1.5mAsc(x-d')^2

4
= 3.77E+08 mm
Tensile stress in steel = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
2
fst = 72.4 N/mm

Transformed Area of cracked section = 24936.263 + 0+ 186.8

= 25123.056 mm2
Stress due to axial load = 261.96 X 10000 N/ 25123.056 = 104.271 MPa

Stress in Steel in the tensile edge = 104.271 MPa X 0.01 = 0.673 MPa

2 - 2 = 2
fst (net ) = 72.4 N/mm 0.673 N/mm 71.7 N/mm

acr = 72.9 mm
ε1= ea = ((h-xu)/(d-xu))*(fst/Es)
ea = 0.00038
es= eb = (ea*(d-xu)/(h-xu)
eb = 0.00036
em = ea-(1.2bt*h(h-xu))10e-3/(As*(h-xu)fy)
= 0.000229
Wcr = (3*acr*em)/(1+2*(acr-cmin)/(h-xu))
= 0.049 mm OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 81 Mukesh & Associates

Analysis of Foundation (Pressure on soil)

No. of Columns = 3

Calculation of Area and Section Modulus for Foundation

Size of Foundation = 5 x 16.0 m

2
Area , A = 80 m

Zxx = 1/6 x 5.00 x 16²

3
= 213.33 m

Zyy = 1/6 x 16.00 x 5²

3
= 66.67 m
Weight of Foundation

Rectangular portion = 5.00 x 0.9 x 16.0

72.0 x 25
1800 T
Trapezoidal portion = 6.50 x 0.7 x 16.0
2
= 36.4 x 25
= 910.00 T

Total weight of Foundation = 2710.0 kN

Column weight to be deducted for 2.2m height

Column in footing = 3 x 1.6 x 3.14 x 1^2 / 4 x 25
= 94.20 kN

Buoyancy Effect :

Volume of the column up to HFL Lvl = 3.14/4 x 1.2x1.2x 6.896

= 12.18 m3
Volume of footing = 108.40 m3
Total = 120.58 m3
Weight of water = 10.00 kN/m3
= 1205.80 kN
Load Reduction due to pile buoyancy = 100% As per clause 213.3 (IRC 6:2016)
= 1205.801 kN

Net Foundation Wt. = 1410.00 kN

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 82 Mukesh & Associates

Result from STAAD Analysis:

Max. Loads at bottom of foundation: ULS
With With
Normal
Column Wind Seismic
1 3173.14 3283.994 2759.426
2 3757.233 3742.184 2959.763
3 3233.593 3929.396 3589.128
4
Total P 10163.97 10955.57 9308.32
F. Wt. 1410.00 1410.00 1409.999
E.W 1743.29 1743.29 1743.29
Total 13317.3 12365.57 10718.32
Moment Myy at Bottom of Foundation: ULS

With With
Normal
Column Wind Seismic
1 -45.784 -34.916 581.725
2 -4.192 -4.192 596.222
3 50.65 2684.225 2266.867
4
Myy 0.67 2645.12 3444.81
Moment Mxx at Bottom of Foundation: ULS

With With
Normal
Column Wind Seismic
1 -3343.679 -4483.866 -2207.414
2 -3364 -4500.352 -2211.169
3 -3343.68 -3379.142 -698.434
4
Mxx 10051.4 12363.36 5117.02
Pressure on foundation at ULS

Maximum pressure on = (Total load)/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 13317.3 + 10051.4 + 0.67
80 213.33 66.67

2
= 213.59 kN/m

Minimum pressure on = (Total load)/A - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 13317.3 - 10051.36 - 0.67
80 213.333 66.667

2
= 119.34 kN/m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 83 Mukesh & Associates

Pressure on foundation at Wind condition: ULS

Maximum pressure on = (Total load)/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 12365.57 + 12363.36 + 2645.12
80 213.33 66.67

2
= 252.20 kN/m

Minimum pressure on = (Total load)/A - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 12365.57 - 12363.36 - 2645.117
80 213.333 66.667

2
= 56.94 kN/m

Pressure on foundation at Seismic condition: ULS

Maximum pressure on = (Total load)/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy
Foundation
= 10718.32 + 5117.02 + 3444.81
80 213.333 66.67

2
= 209.64 kN/m

Minimum pressure on = (Total load)/A - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 10718.32 - 5117.02 - 3444.814
80 213.333 66.667

2
= 58.32 kN/m

Max. Loads at bottom of foundation: SLS

With With
Normal
Column Wind Seismic
1 2350.5 2432.6 2044.0
2 2783.1 2772.0 2192.4
3 2395.3 2910.7 2658.6
4 0 0 0
Total P 7528.86 8115.24 6895.05
Foundation
Wt. 1409.9994 1410.00 1409.9994
EW 1743.29 1743.29 1743.29
Total 10682.15 11268.52 10048.33

Moment Myy at Bottom of Foundation: SLS

With With
Normal
Column Wind Seismic
1 -33.91 -25.86 430.91
2 -3.11 -3.11 441.65
3 37.52 1988.31 1679.16
4 0 0 0
Myy 74.538 2017.284 2551.714

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 84 Mukesh & Associates

Moment Mxx at Bottom of Foundation: SLS

With With
Normal
Column Wind Seismic
1 -2476.80 -3321.38 -1635.12
2 -2491.85 -3333.59 -1637.90
3 -2476.80 -2503.07 -517.36
4 0 0 0
Mxx 7445.5 9158.044 3790.383

Pressure on foundation at Normal condition: SLS

Maximum pressure on = (Total load)/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy
Foundation
= 10682.15 + 7445.5 + 74.538
80 213.333 66.67
2
= 169.55 kN/m

Minimum pressure on = (Total load)/A - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 10682.15 - 7445.5 - 74.53778
80 213.333 66.667
2
= 97.51 kN/m

Pressure on foundation at Wind condition: SLS

Maximum pressure on = (Total load)/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 11268.52 + 9158.04 + 2017.3
80 213.333 66.67
2
= 214.04 kN/m

Minimum pressure on = (Total load)/A - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 11268.52 - 9158.04 - 2017.284
80 213.333 66.667

2
= 67.67 kN/m

Pressure on foundation at Seismic condition: SLS

Maximum pressure on = (Total load)/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 10048.33 + 3790.38 + 2551.71
80 213.333 66.667
2
= 181.65 kN/m

Minimum pressure on = (Total load)/A - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy

Foundation
= 10048.33 - 3790.38 - 2551.714
80 213.333 66.667

2
= 69.56 kN/m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 85 Mukesh & Associates

Design of Raft slab and Raft Beam

As per clause 219.8-IRC 6-2010

The sesmic loads should be taken as 1.25 times the forces transmitted to it by substructure.
Pressure on foundation at Seismic condition: ULS

2
max. pressure on foundation = 22.82 t/m
2
min. pressure on foundation = 9.53 t/m

2
max. pressure on foundation for design = 28.52 t/m
2
min. pressure on foundation for design = 11.92 t/m

(Note : All dimensions are in 'm')

1.75
1.50

0.7

0.9

5.0

2
11.92 t/m
28.52
t/m2
2
Max. Pressure on Soil = 28.52 t/m
l b d
Foundation Size = 0.0 x 5 x 1.0
Grade of concrete,fck = 35 Mpa
Grade of Steel, fy = 500 Mpa

Analysis of Raft Slab

1.75

2
22.71 t/m
28.52 t/m2

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 86 Mukesh & Associates

Variation in pressure = (28.52 + 11.917) / 5

2
= 3.32 t/m per 'm'
= 3.32 x 1.75
= 5.81 t/m2
= 28.52 - 5.81
= 22.71 t/m2

BM = 22.71x1.75² + 5.81x1.75²
2 3
= 34.775 + 5.931
= 40.710 tm

SF = 22.71 x 1.75 + 5.81 x 1.75

2
= 39.74 + 5.08
= 44.83 t

Design of Raft Slab

Width of slab = 1000 mm

Overall depth of slab = 1260.000 mm
fck = 35 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
Clear cover = 75 mm
Dia of rod = 25 mm
Spacing of Main bars = 150 mm
Dia of rod = 16 mm
Spacing of Distributor = 150 mm
Maximum bending moment = 40.71 tm/m width of slab
= 407.1 KN-m/m width of slab

(fck) = 35 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.78 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.8
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.826
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 32000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.25
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.00417391
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 15.633
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 12.507
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 87 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Design Moment(Sagging) = 407.1 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm
Depth of beam, D = 1260 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 16 mm
deff provided = 1156.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.02434
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 295.726817 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm = 527.468839
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 28.4252817
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 817.7 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 1638.00 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Dia of bars = 16 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 3272.5 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 113.77 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1580.75 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 3.883
Provide 25# - 150 mm c/c bottom
Distributor

Percentage of Steel required

for Distributors = 0.13%
Minimum Reinforcement for both face = 0.13/100x1000x1156.5
= 819 mm²
Area of one 16mm Bar = 201.062 mm²
Provided Ast = 1340.41 mm² > 819 mm²
Hence ok…
Provide 16 # @ 150mm C/C as Distributor steel.

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)

MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd compression chord
Vtd chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 88 Mukesh & Associates

.
VEd KN = 448
VPd = 0
VNs = 448
fck = 35
fyk = 500
K = 1.398
d m = 1.260
bw m = 1.000
bwc m = 1.000
Asl mm2 = 3272
3
S = (Ay)c m = 0.794
I m4 = 0.167
scp MPA = 0.0
fywd MPA = 434.78
fcd MPA = 15.63
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3
acw = 1.000
n = 0.516
r1= = 0.0026
q deg = 45.0
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d > (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c kN = 409.4
= 0.32
Vmin kN = 382.1
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN = 0
VRd,c kN = 409
VEd, < = 5082
VEd, actual kN = 448
Shear Reinforcement
. is= Reqd

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 89 Mukesh & Associates

VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max kN = 4574
rmin = . = 0.00085
2
Asw min = mm = 256
n1 = = 0.52
Asw max = 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2
Asw max = mm = 2783.05
2
mm
Asw required = = 24
s = spacingmm
of stirrups = 300
diameter ofmm
stirrup = 10
No. of legsNos
for stirrups = 1
diameter ofmm
stirrup = 0
No. of legsNos
for stirrups = 0
mm2
Asw provided = 262
Shear reinft provided Safe
VRd,s kN = 430
Check
Analysis of Raft Beam
2
Taking column as support 28.52 t/m

A B C D E
`
2.50 5.5 5.5 2.50
Bending Moment
Negative moment @ B and D
span AB and DE = 28.52 x 2.5 x 2.5 / 2
= 89.13 tm

Negative moment @ B, C and D W.l2 / 12

span BC , CD = 28.52 x 5.5² /12
= 71.8941667 tm

Positive moment between B, C and D W.l2 / 24

span BC, CD = 28.52 x 5.5² / 24
= 35.9470833 tm

Shear Force
Shear Force @ B and D
Span AB and DE = 28.52 x 2.5
= 71.3 t

Shear Force @ B, C and D W.l / 2

= (28.52 x 5.5) / 2
= 78.43 t

Design of Raft Beam

Width of Beam = 5000 mm

Maximum bending moment = 89.125 tm
= 891.25 KN-m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 90 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Design Moment = 891.3 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 5000 mm
Depth of beam, D = 1260 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 25 mm
deff provided = 1147.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.01082387
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 195.683824 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm = 523.364023
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 12.4746365
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 1794.2 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 8190.00 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Dia of bars(Trans) = 25 mm
No of Bars = 22
Reinf provided = 10799.2 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 75.08 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 5246.85 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 5.887
Provide 25# - 22 nos c/c top & bottom

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Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)

MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
.
.
VEd = 784 KN
VPd = 0
VNs = 784
fck = 35
fyk = 500
K = 1.398
d m = 1.260
bw m = 5.000
bwc m = 5.000
Asl mm2 = 10799
3
S = (Ay)c m = 0.794
I m4 = 0.167
scp MPA = 0.0
fywd MPA = 434.78
fcd MPA = 15.63
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3
acw = 1.000
n = 0.516
r1= = 0.0017
q deg = 45.0
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d > (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c kN = 2046.9
= 0.32
Vmin kN = 1910.7
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN = 0
VRd,c kN = 2047
VEd, < = 25410
VEd, actual kN = 784
Shear Reinforcement
. is= Not Reqd

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VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max kN = 22869
rmin = . = 0.00085
2
Asw min = mm = 852
n1 = = 0.52
Asw max = 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2
Asw max = mm = 9276.82
2
mm
Asw required = = 0
s = spacingmmof stirrups = 200
diameter ofmmstirrup = 16
No. of legsNos
for stirrups = 2
diameter ofmmstirrup = 0
No. of legsNos
for 2stirrups = 0
mm
Asw provided = 2011
Shear reinft provided Safe
VRd,s kN = 4957
OKAY
Punching Shear Check for Foundation

vEd = βVEd*/ui*d

ui = 4710
β = 1
vEd = 0.626 N/mm2

VRd.c = 0.18/ƳcK(80ƿ1fck)^(1/3)+(0.1*Ϭcp)>= vmin+0.1 Ϭcp

Ƴc = 1.5
ƿ1 = ƿly.ƿlx <= 2.0
ƿly = 0.171
ƿlx = 0.260 <= 2.0

ƿ1 = 0.211
K = 1.354 <= 2.0

NEd = 3930 kN
Acy = 1766250 mm2
Ϭc = 2.225 Mpa
vmin = 0.289

vRd.c = 1.585 >= 0.511

Safe, Punching reinforcement is not needed
vRd.max = 1/2*v*fcd
v = 0.6*(1-fck/310)
= 0.532258065
fcd = 15.633
vRd.max = 4.160 N/mm2
Safe

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DESIGN NOTE FOR SUPERSTRUCTURE

Expansion joint to joint = 16.00 m

Width of Expansion Joint (Each Side) = 20 mm
Projection of Girders beyond Bearing Line = 500 mm 500.000 m
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) = 15.96 m 15.960 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) = 14.960 m 14.960 m
Skew Angle = 0 Degrees

Carriage-way width = 11 m 11.000 m

Footpath is Provided onone side
Crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of Footpath = 1.5 m 1.500 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.5 m 0.500 m
Shyness on both sides = 0.5 m 0.500 m
Width of Hand Rails = 0.5 m 0.500 m
Overall Width of Deck = 16.00 m 16.000 m

Depth of Construction = 1.500 m,Including Deck Slab

Girders Cast-in-situ Girders
Deck Slab In situ decking
Top Flange Width, inner = 2600 mm
Top Flange Width, outer Cantilever portion 1500 mm
Thickness of In-situ Deck Slab = 225 mm
Thickness of Webs of Longitudinal Girders Running = 325 mm

Thickness of Webs of Longitudinal Girders End 625 mm

Portion =

No. of Longitudinal Girders = 6 Nos.

Spacing of Longitudinal Girders = 2600 mm,Inner to Inner Girder C/C
1500 mm,Cantilever

No. of Cross Girders = 3 Nos., at ends of bearing

Lines & midspan

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Spacing of Cross Girders = 7.48 m

Thickness of Cross Girders
End = 500 mm
Middle = 500 mm
Depth of Cross Girders = 1100 mm
Bearings = Neoprane (Elastomeric) Bearings
Design Loading for the Bridge Girder and deck Self Weight of Girders
Self Weight of Deck Slab
Thickness of Wearing Coat (in mm) = 75
Crash Barrier - 500mm thick, max.
One 70RW with Impact
Or One 70RT with Impact
Or Class - A Loading with Impact

Materials used Concrete, M 35

Steel, Fe 500

Deck Slab Configuration:

Camber - Cross Slope = 2.50 %
Cross Slope is achieved by adequately adjusting the Bearing Pedestals

Presented in the following pages the detailed calculations for the Girders and Deck under the
above mentioned stage loadings and other Service Stage requirements.

The Girder - Deck System is analyzed and detailed design is done and the calculations and
drawings for various elements of the superstructure are provided.

Analysis of the Girder-Deck Slab system for various Dead Loads, SDLs and Vehicular Live Loads
with Impact Effects is done on a grillage model using Stad Analysis Program.

The Structural Elements are designed and detailed as per the stipulations of
IRC:112-2011

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CALCULATION OF SECTION PROPERTIES:

For Pre-Cast Inner Longitudinal Girder - Running Section:

1300 1300
225 1 2
150 3 4 150
300 300

1500
325

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1300 225 292500 112.50 3.29E+07 1.23E+09 304.58 2.71E+10 2.84E+10
2 1300 225 292500 112.50 3.29E+07 1.23E+09 304.58 2.71E+10 2.84E+10
3 300 150 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 142.08 4.54E+08 4.82E+08
4 300 150 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 142.08 4.54E+08 4.82E+08
5 325 1275 414375 862.50 3.57E+08 5.61E+10 445.42 8.22E+10 1.38E+11
1044375 4.36E+08 1.96E+11
CG from top = 417.08 mm
CG from bottom = 1082.92 mm
B) About Vertical Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1300 225 292500 650.00 1.90E+08 4.12E+10 651.35 1.24E+11 1.65E+11
2 1300 225 292500 1950.00 5.70E+08 4.12E+10 -648.65 1.23E+11 1.64E+11
3 300 150 22500 1100.00 2.48E+07 1.13E+08 201.35 9.12E+08 1.02E+09
4 300 150 22500 1562.50 3.52E+07 1.13E+08 -261.15 1.53E+09 1.65E+09
5 325 1275 414375 1300.00 5.39E+08 3.65E+09 1.35 7.51E+05 3.65E+09
1044375 1.36E+09 3.36E+11
CG from left end = 1301.3465 mm
C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1300 225 292500 4.398E+09
2 1300 225 292500 4.398E+09
3&4 150 300 45000 2.312E+08
5 325 1275 414375 1.225E+10
1044375 2.127E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1044375 mm 2 (OR) 1.0444 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0213 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.3359 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.1960 m 4

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For Pre-Cast Inner Longitudinal Girder - End Section:

1300 1300
225 1 2
75 3 4 75
150 150

1500
625

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1300 225 292500 112.50 3.29E+07 1.23E+09 430.11 5.41E+10 5.53E+10
2 1300 225 292500 112.50 3.29E+07 1.23E+09 430.11 5.41E+10 5.53E+10
3 150 75 5625 250.00 1.41E+06 1.76E+06 292.61 4.82E+08 4.83E+08
4 150 75 5625 250.00 1.41E+06 1.76E+06 292.61 4.82E+08 4.83E+08
5 625 1275 796875 862.50 6.87E+08 1.08E+11 319.89 8.15E+10 1.89E+11
1393125 7.56E+08 3.01E+11
CG from top = 542.614 mm
CG from bottom = 957.386 mm

B) About Vertical Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1300 225 292500 650.00 1.90E+08 4.12E+10 651.06 1.24E+11 1.65E+11
2 1300 225 292500 1950.00 5.70E+08 4.12E+10 -648.94 1.23E+11 1.64E+11
3 150 75 5625 1200.00 6.75E+06 7.03E+06 101.06 5.74E+07 6.45E+07
4 150 75 5625 1662.50 9.35E+06 7.03E+06 -361.44 7.35E+08 7.42E+08
5 625 1275 796875 1300.00 1.04E+09 2.59E+10 1.06 8.95E+05 2.59E+10
1393125 1.81E+09 3.56E+11
CG from left end = 1301.0599 mm

C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1300 225 292500 4.398E+09
2 1300 225 292500 4.398E+09
3&4 150 75 11250 1.445E+07
5 625 1275 796875 7.172E+10
1393125 8.053E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1393125 mm 2 (OR) 1.3931 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0805 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.3563 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.3012 m 4

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For Pre-Cast Outer Longitudinal Girder - Running Section:

1500 1300
225 1 2
300 3 4 150
450 300

1500
325

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1500 225 337500 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 289.83 2.84E+10 2.98E+10
2 1300 225 292500 112.50 3.29E+07 1.23E+09 289.83 2.46E+10 2.58E+10
3 450 300 67500 325.00 2.19E+07 3.38E+08 77.33 4.04E+08 7.41E+08
4 300 150 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 127.33 3.65E+08 3.93E+08
5 325 1275 414375 862.50 3.57E+08 5.61E+10 460.17 8.77E+10 1.44E+11
1134375 4.56E+08 2.01E+11
CG from top = 402.33 mm
CG from bottom = 1097.67 mm
B) About Vertical Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX
2

1 1500 225 337500 750.00 2.53E+08 6.33E+10 681.82 1.57E+11 2.20E+11

2 1300 225 292500 2150.00 6.29E+08 4.12E+10 -718.18 1.51E+11 1.92E+11
3 450 300 67500 1200.00 8.10E+07 7.59E+08 231.82 3.63E+09 4.39E+09
4 300 150 22500 1762.50 3.97E+07 1.13E+08 -330.68 2.46E+09 2.57E+09
5 325 1275 414375 1500.00 6.22E+08 3.65E+09 -68.18 1.93E+09 5.57E+09
1134375 1.62E+09 4.25E+11
CG from left end = 1431.8182 mm
C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1500 225 337500 5.157E+09
2 1300 225 292500 4.398E+09
3&4 300 450 135000 2.349E+09
5 325 1275 414375 1.225E+10
1179375 2.415E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1134375 mm 2 (OR) 1.1344 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0242 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.4248 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.2006 m 4

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For Pre-Cast Outer Longitudinal Girder - End Section:

1500 1300
225 1 2
150 3 4 75
300 150

1500
625

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1500 225 337500 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 413.80 5.78E+10 5.92E+10
2 1300 225 292500 112.50 3.29E+07 1.23E+09 413.80 5.01E+10 5.13E+10
3 300 150.00 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 251.30 1.42E+09 1.45E+09
4 150 75.00 5625 250.00 1.41E+06 1.76E+06 276.30 4.29E+08 4.31E+08
5 625 1275 796875 862.50 6.87E+08 1.08E+11 336.20 9.01E+10 1.98E+11
1455000 7.66E+08 3.10E+11
CG from top = 526.305 mm
CG from bottom = 973.695 mm

B) About Vertical Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1500 225 337500 750.00 2.53E+08 6.33E+10 705.01 1.68E+11 2.31E+11
2 1300 225 292500 2150.00 6.29E+08 4.12E+10 -694.99 1.41E+11 1.82E+11
3 300 150 22500 1300.00 2.93E+07 1.13E+08 155.01 5.41E+08 6.53E+08
4 150 75 5625 1862.50 1.05E+07 7.03E+06 -407.49 9.34E+08 9.41E+08
5 625 1275 796875 1500.00 1.20E+09 2.59E+10 -44.99 1.61E+09 2.76E+10
1455000 2.12E+09 4.43E+11
CG from left end = 1455.0097 mm

C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1500 225 337500 5.157E+09
2 1300 225 292500 4.398E+09
3&4 300 150 45000 2.312E+08
5 625 1275 796875 7.172E+10
1471875 8.150E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1455000 mm 2 (OR) 1.4550 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0815 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.4427 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.3104 m 4

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END CROSS GIRDER/END DIAPHRAGM

1.100
0.5

2 2
Cross sectional area of the section = 550000 mm (OR) 0.5500 m
4
Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0327 m
4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.0115 m
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) 4
= 0.0555 m

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Section Properties for Outer longitudinal Girders

Outer Girder End Section

1500 1300
225 Section Properties
2
150 75 A= 1.4550 m
4
300 150 Ixx = 0.0815 m
4
Iyy = 0.4427 m
4
Izz = 0.3104 m
625

1500
625

Outer Girder Mid Section

1500 1300
225 Section Properties
2
300 150 A= 1.1344 m
4
450 300 Ixx = 0.0242 m
4
Iyy = 0.4248 m
4
Izz = 0.2006 m
1500

325

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Section Properties for Inner longitudinal Girder

Section Properties
2
Inner Girder End Section A= m
4
Izz = 0.053 m
4
1300 1300 Ixx = 0.434 m
225 75 Section Properties
2
75 150 150 A= 1.3931 m
4
Ixx = 0.0805 m
4
Iyy = 0.3563 m
4
Izz = 0.3012 m

1500
625

Inner Girder Running Section

1300 1300
225 150
150 300 300 Section Properties
2
A= 1.0444 m
4
Ixx = 0.0213 m
4
Iyy = 0.3359 m
4
0.1960 m
1500

Izz =
325

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Section Properties for Cross Girder

End Cross Girder Middle Cross Girder

1100

1100
500 500

Section Properties Section Properties

2 2
A= 0.5500 m A= 0.5500 m
4 4
Ixx = 0.0327 m Ixx = 0.0327 m
4 4
Iyy = 0.0115 m Iyy = 0.0115 m
4 4
Izz = 0.0555 m Izz = 0.0555 m

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Input Data
Outer Girder :
Area of Girder at End section = 1.4550 m2
Area of Girder Running section = 1.1344 m2
Load due to End section = 1.4550 x 25 = 36.375 kN/m
Load due to Running section = 1.1344 x 25 = 28.360 kN/m

36.38
kN/m 28.36 kN/m

0.500 1.000 1.000 10.960 1.000 1.000 0.500

Dead Loading Details - Outer Girder

Inner Girder :
Area of Girder at End section = 1.3931 m2
Area of Girder Running section = 1.0444 m2
Load due to End section = 1.3931 x 25 = 34.829
Load due to Running section = 1.0444 x 25 = 26.110

34.83
kN/m 26.11 kN/m

0.500 1.000 1.000 10.960 1.000 1.000 0.500

Dead Loading Details - Inner Girder

The following loads were considered in the analysis of superstructure:

1 Superstructure Self Weight

1.A Superstructure - Longitudinal Girder Self Weight
Outer Girders
End Portion = 36.38 kN/m
Flaring Portion Varies from 36.38 to 28.36 kN/m
Running Portion = 28.36 kN/m

1.B Inner Girders

End Portion = 34.83 kN/m
Flaring Portion Varies from 34.83 to 26.110 kN/m
Running Portion = 26.110 kN/m

1.C Cross Girders

For End Cross Girders = 0.48125 x 25 = 12.03 kN/m
For Middle Cross Girders = 0.48125 x25 = 12.03 kN/m
Excluding Deck slab weight

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2 Superimposed Dead Load

2.A Load due to crash barrier

500
50 175 175 50

500
250
250
2
Area of Cross Section of Crash Barrier = 0.310 m
Self Weight of Crash Barrier = 7.750 kN/m
Location of CG of Crash barrier = 0.750 m away from the
Longitudinal Girder
2.B Load due to Railing

Railing load due to kerb Vertical post and 3Nos. Of Horizontal Member
= 7.710 Kn/m
Eccentricity = 1250
mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder
2.C Footpath Dead Load
Load on Girder 0.3m(Avg. Depth) x 1.5m (Breath) x 24(Unit Wt.)
= 10.8 kN/m
Eccentricity = 250 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder
Footpath Dead Load
Load on Girder 0.3m(Avg. Depth) x 1.5m (Breath) x 1m (Length) x 24(Unit Wt.)
= 10.8 kN/m
Eccentricity = 250 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder
3 Wearing Coat
3.A Load due to wearing coat ( Center Portion)
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Width of wearing coat
On Middle Longitudinal Girders = 2.6 m
= 4.875
Load on Girder = 4.875 kN/m
Eccentricity = 0m

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3.C Load in Outer Girder (Right Edge) = 0.3x 0.065 x 25

= 0.5625 kN/m
Eccentricity = 1150 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder
4 Footpath Live Load

As Per IRC 6 - 2016 Cl.206.3 Pg.- 25 = 366.8444

= 3.6684 Kn/m
Eccentricity = 250 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder

6. Vehicular Live Loads:

A) CLASS A Loading:

Width of Class A Vehicle = 1.8 m

All Loads are in kN
Impact factor = 4.5/( 6 + L) = 0.2147 %
Wheel Loads
with impact 16.40 16.40 69.24 69.24 41.30 41.30 41.30 41.30
Wheel Loads 13.5 13.5 57.0 57.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0
Axle Loads 27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68

Distance 1100 3200 1200 4300 3000 3000 3000

in mm

For Three - Class A

12200 Maximum case

9100 Maximum case

5200 maximum Case
2500 0.400 1800 1200 1200

1800
Platform Platform 4.7

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B) CLASS 70R Wheeled Loading:

Width of Class 70R Vehicle = 1.93 m

All Loads are in kN
Impact factor = 0.200 %
By Graph As Per IRC 6- 2016 Pg.No.31 70 R Wheel
Wheel Loads
with impact 48.00 72.00 72.00 102.00 102.00 102.00 102.00
Wheel Loads 40.0 60.0 60.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0
Axle Loads 80 120 120 170 170 170 170

Distance 3960 1520 2130 1370 3050 1370

in mm

For The transverse disposition of the same are given below

12.2 m From End Handrail

2500
4.800 From End Hand Rail

Class A
70 R 1.2m Platform
Wheel Load
WheelLoa
d

C) SPECIAL VEHICLE (SV) :

All Loads are in kN

Wheel Loads 30.0 47.5 47.5 90.0 90.0

Axle Loads 60 95 95 180 180

Distance 3200 1370 5389 28500

in mm (19 x 1500)

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Live Load Combinations considered are

1 Three Class A
2 One Class A + 70 R Wheel
3 Special Vehicle (SV)
Summary of forces
Depth of Beam = 1.500 m
Width of Beam = 0.325 m, Running Section
0.625 m, End Section
Congestion Factor = 1.15
Internal Forces in Outer Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Factors
Dist. From Support 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55
Girder +
1.35 212.80 393.63 646.15 801.98 856.60
Deck
Bending Moment, kNm SIDL 1.35 120.34 237.29 391.86 469.73 469.87
W/C 1.75 34.07 63.72 105.22 130.43 139.33
FPLL 1.5 15.91 30.97 50.63 60.29 49.75
VLL 1.5 129.05 235.02 411.03 559.98 687.44
Girder +
1.35 0.04 0.27 0.39 0.34 0.28
Deck
SIDL 1.35 57.58 47.78 35.28 22.41 11.04
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.75 0.26 0.26 0.21 0.13 0.07
FPLL 1.5 1.43 1.73 1.28 1.28 1.64
VLL - BM 1.5 45.99 41.42 29.14 17.89 11.32
VLL - SF 1.5 45.39 40.89 29.12 18.19 11.32
Girder +
1.35 236.51 198.46 164.99 111.98 58.95
Deck
Shear Force, kN SIDL 1.35 158.28 132.40 109.91 67.37 24.35
W/C 1.75 37.00 32.09 27.18 18.26 9.33
FPLL 1.5 20.67 17.25 14.33 8.76 3.02
VLL 1.5 105.463 103.78 96.085 81.51 70.137
Factored BM 755.83 1415.09 2370.41 3001.46 3295.02
Design Factored Torsion For BM 157.56 65.32 48.52 30.95 15.40
Equivalent BM 370.74 153.70 114.16 72.82 36.24
Design Factored Torsion For Shear 156.53 65.32 48.52 30.95 15.40
Equivalent Shear Force 400.72 167.23 124.20 79.22 39.43
Factored Shear Force 1176.97 1478.20 1838.13 1806.77 1592.09
Design Bending Moment 1126.57 1568.79 2484.57 3074.28 3331.26
Design Shear Force 1577.69 1645.43 1962.34 1885.99 1631.52

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Internal Forces in Inner Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Factors
Dist. From Support 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55
Girder +
1.35 205.68 381.12 629.25 787.49 855.95
Deck
Bending Moment, kNm SIDL 1.35 43.85 78.39 137.22 190.82 238.21
W/C 1.75 33.47 62.90 104.17 129.20 137.98
FPLL 1.5 6.66 12.36 21.73 29.31 35.25
VLL 1.5 317.83 550.44 810.41 880.9 845.67
Girder +
1.35 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.12
Deck
SIDL 1.35 33.02 29.32 19.78 12.31 6.94
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.75 5.48 4.86 3.26 1.99 1.06
FPLL 1.5 4.39 3.88 2.57 1.41 0.55
VLL - BM 1.5 1.61 1.74 1.13 0.45 0.33
VLL - SF 1.5 1.61 2.15 1.66 1.22 0.36
Girder +
1.35 228.52 192.07 160.42 111.24 62.07
Deck
Shear Force, kN SIDL 1.35 33.08 32.70 30.83 28.20 25.51
W/C 1.75 36.76 31.90 27.07 18.19 9.32
FPLL 1.5 5.74 5.54 5.01 4.06 3.22
VLL 1.5 350.337 292.54 211.08 139.58 119.6
Factored BM 953.70 1698.45 2647.57 3110.32 3230.23
Design Factored Torsion For BM 63.75 57.12 38.39 23.18 12.78
Equivalent BM 150.01 258.46 173.73 104.86 57.81
Design Factored Torsion For Shear 63.75 57.82 39.29 24.51 12.84
Equivalent Shear Force 163.21 284.67 193.45 120.67 63.20
Factored Shear Force 1030.42 872.20 677.20 466.95 345.68
Design Bending Moment 1103.71 1956.92 2821.30 3215.18 3288.04
Design Shear Force 1193.63 1156.87 870.65 587.61 408.88

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 109 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011

Grade of concrete M 35
Grade of steel Fe 500

Outer Girder Inner Girder

Sectional Properties
Distance, m 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55
Sections 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Width of Section, Bf mm 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600
Width of Section, Bw mm 625 475 325 325 325 625 475 325 325 325
Depth of Flange, Df mm 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
Depth of Section, D mm 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
Area of section (Avg) m2 1.455 1.295 1.134 1.134 1.134 1.393 1.219 1.044 1.044 1.044
Perimeter of Section m 8.600 8.600 8.600 8.600 8.600 8.200 8.200 8.200 8.200 8.200
Moment of Inertia m4 0.443 0.434 0.425 0.425 0.425 0.356 0.346 0.336 0.336 0.336
depth of section m m 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
CG of Section (bot) m 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750
Z bot of section m3 0.590 0.578 0.566 0.566 0.566 0.475 0.461 0.448 0.448 0.448
Z top of section m3 0.590 0.578 0.566 0.566 0.566 0.475 0.461 0.448 0.448 0.448
Width of Section m 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 110 Mukesh & Associates

(fck) = 35
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.50
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45

0.0022
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = {fywk/(gs xEs)} =

= 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85

Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
.
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 15.63
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 12.51
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 111 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Outer Girder Inner Girder
Description Unit
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5
Length of staad member m 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55
Design Shear KN 1578 1645 1962 1886 1632 1194 1157 871 588 409
Design Moment(Sagging) KNm 1127 1569 2485 3074 3331 1104 1957 2821 3215 3288
Design Moment(Hogging) KNm
Width of beam, Bf mm 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600
Width of Web mm 625 475 325 325 325 625 475 325 325 325
Depth of beam, D mm 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
No of layers 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
Dia of Main. Bar mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
Cover to reinf. mm 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
Dia of Transverse bar mm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
deff provided 1412 1412 1380 1380 1380 1412 1380 1380 1380 1380
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.07 0.13 0.32 0.40 0.43 0.07 0.17 0.36 0.42 0.42
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) 557 754 1148 1277 1329 552 843 1223 1306 1320
Depth Check Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
(d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 871.00 871.00 851.26 851.26 851.26 871.00 851.26 851.26 851.26 851.26
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 105.2 198.1 521.9 683.5 762.3 103.0 258.0 611.3 725.9 748.6
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Steel required, As for Sag Moment mm2 1891.4409 2707.37 4879.008 6389.6414 7126.916 1851.8652 3525.145 5714.714 6786.682 6998.7583
Steel required, As for Mom 2 mm2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 1219 926 634 634 634 1219 926 634 634 634
Check for Sagging Moment
Required Nos of bars Nos 3 4 7 8 9 3 5 8 9 9
Dia of bars mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 112 Mukesh & Associates

Nos Nos 5 5 9 9 10 5 5 9 10 10
Reinf provided = mm2 4021 4021 7238 7238 8042 4021 4021 7238 8042 8042
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 50 50 90 90 100 50 50 90 100 100
NA is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section kNm 2434 2434 4230 4230 4686 2431 2375 4221 4675 4675
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Margin 2.160 1.551 1.702 1.376 1.407 2.203 1.214 1.496 1.454 1.422

Check for Hogging Moment

Sec 1 Sec 2 Sec 3 Sec 4 Sec 5 Sec 1 Sec 2 Sec 3 Sec 4 Sec 5
Required Nos of bars Nos 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Dia of bars mm 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Nos Nos 4 3 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2
Reinf provided = mm2 1309 995 681 681 681 1309 995 681 681 681
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 16 12 8 8 8 16 12 8 8 8
NA is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = kNm 800 609 407 407 407 800 595 407 407 407
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 113 Mukesh & Associates

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by
VRd,max crushing of compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case
Vccd of inclined compression chord

Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in

Vtd case of inclined tensile chord

VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 114 Mukesh & Associates

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12K(80r1fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d > (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15scp) bw.d

VRd,c kN 925.3 925.3 904.3 904.3 904.3 859.2 839.7 839.7 839.7 839.7
Vmin kN 1170.8 1170.8 1149.7 1149.7 1149.7 1087.2 1067.6 1067.6 1067.6 1067.6
VRd,c kN 1171 1171 1150 1150 1150 1087 1068 1068 1068 1068
VEd, < 15946 15946 15585 15585 15585 14807 14472 14472 14472 14472
VEd, actual kN 1578 1645 1962 1886 1632 1194 1157 871 588 409

Shear Reinforcement is Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd

rmin = 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085
2
Asw min = mm 596 596 596 596 596 554 554 554 554 554
2
Asw required = mm 184 215 376 341 223 48 41 0 0 0
s = spacing of stirrups mm 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
diameter of stirrup mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2
diameter of stirrup mm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
Asw provided mm 1810 1810 905 905 905 1810 1810 905 905 905
Shear reinft provided Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 115 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION - SLS

Depth of Beam = 1.500 m

Width of Beam = 0.325 m, Running Section
0.625 m, End Section
Congestion Factor = 1.15

Internal Forces in Outer Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55
Girder +
1 212.80 393.63 646.15 801.98 856.60
Deck
Bending Moment, kNm SIDL 1 120.34 237.29 391.86 469.73 469.87
W/C 1.2 34.07 63.72 105.22 130.43 139.33
FPLL 1 15.91 30.97 50.63 60.29 49.75
VLL 0.75 129.05 235.02 411.03 559.98 687.44
Girder +
1 0.04 0.27 0.39 0.34 0.28
Deck
SIDL 1 57.58 47.78 35.28 22.41 11.04
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.2 0.26 0.26 0.21 0.13 0.07
FPLL 1 1.43 1.73 1.28 1.28 1.64
VLL - BM 0.75 45.99 41.42 29.14 17.89 11.32
VLL - SF 0.75 45.39 40.89 29.12 18.19 11.32
Girder +
1 236.51 198.46 164.99 111.98 58.95
Deck
Shear Force, kN SIDL 1 158.28 132.40 109.91 67.37 24.35
W/C 1.2 37.00 32.09 27.18 18.26 9.33
FPLL 1 20.67 17.25 14.33 8.76 3.02
VLL 0.75 105.46 103.78 96.09 81.51 70.14
Factored BM 501.24 941.04 1569.41 1971.50 2136.33
Design Factored Torsion For BM 97.59 48.36 35.92 22.91 11.40
Equivalent BM 176.64 87.53 65.01 41.47 20.64
Design Factored Torsion For Shear 97.07 48.36 35.92 22.91 11.40
Equivalent Shear Force 477.90 238.09 176.83 112.79 56.13
Factored Shear Force 550.82 476.13 404.72 280.32 158.01
Design Bending Moment 677.87 1028.57 1634.42 2012.97 2156.97
Design Shear Force 1028.72 714.22 581.55 393.12 214.14

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 116 Mukesh & Associates

Internal Forces in Inner Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.00 2.00 3.85 5.70 7.55
Girder +
1 205.68 381.12 629.25 787.49 855.95
Deck
Bending Moment, kNm SIDL 1 43.85 78.39 137.22 190.82 238.21
W/C 1.2 33.47 62.90 104.17 129.20 137.98
FPLL 6.66 12.36 21.73 29.31 35.25
VLL 0.75 317.83 550.44 810.41 880.90 845.67
Girder +
1 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.12
Deck
SIDL 1 33.02 29.32 19.78 12.31 6.94
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.2 5.48 4.86 3.26 1.99 1.06
FPLL 4.39 3.88 2.57 1.41 0.55
VLL - BM 0.75 1.61 1.74 1.13 0.45 0.33
VLL - SF 0.75 1.61 2.15 1.66 1.22 0.36
Girder +
1 228.52 192.07 160.42 111.24 62.07
Deck
Shear Force, kN SIDL 1 33.08 32.70 30.83 28.20 25.51
W/C 1.2 36.76 31.90 27.07 18.19 9.32
FPLL 5.74 5.54 5.01 4.06 3.22
VLL 0.75 350.34 292.54 211.08 139.58 119.60
Factored BM 563.83 1009.74 1590.44 1893.11 1989.12
Design Factored Torsion For BM 41.15 36.81 24.80 15.22 8.61
Equivalent BM 74.47 14.44 9.73 5.97 3.38
Design Factored Torsion For Shear 41.15 37.17 25.25 15.89 8.64
Equivalent Shear Force 202.57 39.64 26.94 16.95 9.22
Factored Shear Force 607.87 515.36 405.80 281.66 201.92
Design Bending Moment 638.30 1024.17 1600.17 1899.08 1992.50
Design Shear Force 810.44 555.01 432.74 298.60 211.14

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 117 Mukesh & Associates

CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH a) Outer Girder

Concrete Grade fck = 35.00

2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.0 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm
Service Stage Moment = 2156.97 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth d = 1500 mm
Section width bt = 2800 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40 mm
Bar spacing s = 110 mm
Bar diameter f = 32 mm
Effective depth h = 1444 mm
2
Area of steel As = 8042 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Moment of Inertia of
cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 149238903898 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment

Maximum compressive
stress in concrete ( σcc)
=
6.72 < 13.40 MPa Safe
Maximum tensile stress in
steel ( σsc)
= m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
91.32 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width

where spacing of bonded

reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+32/2)
<= 280 mm
Case 1: Spacing of bonded reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
110 <= 280

Coefficient based on bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

Coefficient based on distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 401 mm

Ac,eff is effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 118 Mukesh & Associates

hc,eff 140 mm or 345.1 mm or 750 mm

Therefore hc,eff 140 mm
Ac,eff = 392000 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.02052
Case2 : The spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 110 < 280 mm

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1273.18 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 401.37 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 91.32 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.13
0.02052
200000
= 0.0001117
Section in tension, Hence Cracked

>= 0.000274 >=0.6 σsc / Es

= 0.000274
(esm-ecm) 0.000274
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= 0.1099612091 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 119 Mukesh & Associates

c) Inner Girder

Concrete Grade fck = 35.00

2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.0 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm
Service Stage Moment = 1992.50 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth d = 1500 mm
Section width bt = 2600 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40 mm
Bar spacing s = 110 mm
Bar diameter f = 32 mm
Effective depth h = 1444 mm
2
Area of steel As = 8042 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Moment of Inertia of
cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 131330462867 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment

Maximum compressive
stress in concrete ( σcc)
=
6.64 < 13.40 MPa Safe

Maximum tensile stress

in steel ( σsc)
= m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
98.47 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width

where spacing of bonded

reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+32/2)
<= 280 mm

Case 1: Spacing of bonded reinforcement with in the

tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
110 <= 280

Coefficient based on bond properties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

Coefficient based on distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 382 mm

Ac,eff is effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 120 Mukesh & Associates

hc,eff 140 mm or 354.0 mm or 750 mm

Thereforehc,eff 140 mm
Ac,eff = 364000 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.02209
Case2 : The spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 110 < 280 mm

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1307.85 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 382.15 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 98.47 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.14
0.02209
= 0.0001410 240000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked

>= 0.000246 >=0.6 σsc / Es

= 0.000246
(esm-ecm) 0.000246
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= 0.094 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 121 Mukesh & Associates

Check for Deflection

Calculation for Deflection of Girder

i) Deflection due to Sustained Loading

Deflection for Uniformly Distributed Loading = 5ML2 / 48EI

Effective Span of the Girder, L = 14.96 m
4
Moment of Inertia of section, I = 0.4248 m
Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = 32000 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia of cracked section, Ir = 0.2973 m4

Total Moment due to DL + SIDL + WC + FPLL = 2034.55 kNm

Deflection ( δ1 ) = 5 * 2034.55405 * 14.96 * 14.96

48 * 32000 * 0.2973

= 4.99 mm
ii) Deflection due to Vehicular Loading

Deflection for Vehicular Loading = ML2 / 12EI

Moment due to Vehicular Loading = 880.90 kNm

Deflection ( δ2 ) = 880.9 * 14.96 * 14.96

12 * 32000 * 0.2973

= 1.73 mm

Total Deflection ( δ ) = 6.72 mm

Permissible Deflection = L / 800

= 18.7 mm

Hence the Deflection is Within Permissible Limit

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 122 Mukesh & Associates

Design Of End Diaphragm

Diaphragm is designed for Loading Condition
Replacement Of Bearing / Superstructure supported on Jacks - ( No Live Load )

Diaphragm is spanning between 6 girders . It act as continuous beam End Diaphragm

Diaphragm is designed for Jacking end Force During Bearing Replacement
Jacks are kept at distance mentioned below away from the face of the girder as shown in figure. 1100
Hence It acts as a continuous beam between 10 Jacks. Jack Positions are as shown in figure & indicated
by A To J
During Bearing Replacement there will be no Live Load 500
Hence Only Dead Loads and SIDL are considered (in KNs)
Reactions due to G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 Mid Diaphragm
1) Selfweight 393 391 387 387 391 393
2) S.I.D.L. 336 60 63 63 60 336
728 451 450 450 451 728 1100
Girder & Jack Positions
500
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
728 451 450 450 451.3 728.4
2600

0.550 1.500 1.100 1.500 1.100 1.500 1.100 1.500 1.100 1.500 0.550

Jack distances.
A B C D E F G H I J

Thickness of base of girder 625 mm

CG of girder loads 21187.579 / 3259.6 = 6.500 m from G1

CG of Jacks 6.265 m

A To H are Jack positions at the time Of Bearing replacement

Note: all the jacks will have the same force as they are connected to the same hydraulic pump.
Note: the self weight of diaphragm has been considered in the reactions of girders and hence, not taken again.

Force in the jacks = 10 x P = 3260 KN

P= 326 KN

M (A) = 728 x 0.550 = 400.6221 KNm

401 KNM
M(B) = 728 x 2- 326 x 2= 1004.284 KNm
1004 KNM
M(G2)= 728 x 3- 325.9628 x 2- 325.9628 x 0.55
1046.347 KNM
M(C)= 728 x 3- 325.9628 x 3- 325.9628 x 1.100 +
451 x 0.550
1336.628 KNM

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 123 Mukesh & Associates

M(D) = 728 x 4.7 - 325.9628 x 4.1 - 325.9628 x 3+

451 x 2- 325.9628 x 2
1639.36 KNM

M(G3)= 728 x 5.2 - 325.9628 x 4.65 - 325.9628 x 3.15 +

451 x 2.6 - 325.9628 x 2.05 - 325.9628 x 0.55
1571.083 KNM

M(E)= 728 x 5.75 - 325.9628 x 5.20 - 325.9628 x 3.70 +

451 x 3.15 - 325.9628 x 2.60 - 325.9628 x 1.100 +
450 X 0.5500

1750.362

M(F)= 728 x 7.25 - 325.9628 x 6.70 - 325.9628 x 5.20 +

451 x 4.65 - 325.9628 x 4.10 - 325.9628 x 2.60 +
450 x 2.05 - 325.9628 x 1.50
1750.362

M(G4)= 728 x 7.80 - 325.9628 x 7.25 - 325.9628 x 5.75 +

451 x 5.20 - 325.9628 x 4.65 - 325.9628 x 3.15
450 x 2.60 - 325.9628 x 2.05 - 325.9628 x 0.55
1571.083

Design Moment is 1750 kNm

Shear is taken on right side.

S(G1) = 728.404
S(A) = 402.441
S(B) = 76.478
S(G2)= 527.784
S(C)= 201.822
S(D) = -124.141
S(G3)= 325.963
S(E)= 0.000
S(F)= -325.963
S(G4)= 124.141
S(G)= -201.822
S(H)= -527.784
S(G5)= -76.478
S(I)= -402.441
S(J)= -728.404
S(G6)= 0.000
Max Design Shear is 1457 kN (Note: this is at the jack face or the CL of the girder. Actual shear
will be little less)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 124 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011

Grade of concrete 35 MPa

Grade of steel 500 MPa

End cross girder Middle Cross girder

Sectional Properties Unit
Support Mid Support Mid
No. of webs 1 1 1 1
Width of Section, Bf mm 500 500 500 500
Width of Section, Bw mm 500 500 500 500
Depth of Flange, Df mm 225 225 225 225
Depth of Section, D mm 1100 1100 1100 1100
Area of section (Avg) m2 0.550 0.550 0.550 0.550
Moment of Inertia m4 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011

(fck) = 35
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.80
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 32000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.25
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.0042
cube/0.85
= 0.67
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 15.63
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 12.51
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 125 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
We have designed cross girder for Maximum bending & shear force , so same is applicable for end
and mid cross girder at support & Mid

Description Unit Value Middle Cross girder

Length of staad member m 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Design Shear KN 1457
Design Moment(Sagging) KNm 1750
Design Moment(Hogging) KNm
Width of beam, Bf mm 500 500 500 500
Depth of beam, D mm 1100 1100 1100 1100
No of layers 2 3 3 3
Dia of Main. Bar mm 32 25 25 25
cover to reinf. mm 40 40 75 75
Dia of Transverse bar mm 10 10 10 10
deff provided 1002 988 953 953
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) 867 0 0 0
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 457.00 450.39 434.43 434.43
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 320.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe Safe

Steel required, As for Sag Moment mm2 4607 0 0 0
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 715 715 715 715
Dia of bars mm 32 32 32 32
Nos Nos 6 10 10 10
Dia of bars mm 12 12 12 12
Nos Nos 0 0 8 8
Spacing of Bars mm 162 125 125 125
Reinf provided = mm2 4825 8042 8947 8947
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 336 559 622 622
NA is Safe Modify the section
Modify the section
Modify the section
Ult Moment of resistance of section kNm 1821 2671 2737 2737
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe
Margin 1.040 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 126 Mukesh & Associates

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)

VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement

VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the

member by crushing of compression struts
Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of
VRd,s
reinforcement
Design value of shear component of force in compression area in
Vccd
case of inclined compression chord
Design value of shear component of force in tensile
Vtd
reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd
(-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)

Middle Cross girder

Description Unit Value
Mid Support Mid
VEd KN 1457 0 0 0
VPd KN 0 0 0 0
VNs KN 1457 0 0 0
fck Mpa 35 35 35 35
fyk Mpa 500 500 500 500
K 1.447 1.447 1.447 1.447
d m 1.002 0.988 0.953 0.953
bw m 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500
bwc m 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500
Asl mm2 4825 8042 8947 8947
2
Asc mm 0 0 0 0
3
S = (Ay)c m 0.248 0.248 0.248 0.248
I m4 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011
scp MPA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
fywd MPA 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
fcd MPA 15.63 15.63 15.63 15.63
fctd = fctk/gm 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
acw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) 0.532 0.532 0.532 0.532
r1= 0.0096 0.0163 0.0188 0.0188
q deg 45.0 68.0 68.0 68.0
.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 127 Mukesh & Associates

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

[0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33+0.15scp]bwd'>(0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp)bw.d
VRd,c
VRd,c kN 260.6 256.8 247.7 247.7
0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52
Vmin kN 159.9 157.6 152.0 152.0
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN 0 0 0 0
VRd,c kN 261 257 248 248
VEd, < 2084 2054 1981 1981
VEd, actual kN 1457 0 0 0
Shear Reinforcement is . Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd
VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max kN 1876 1284 1239 1239
rmin = . 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085 0.00085
2
Asw min = mm 85 85 85 85
n1 = 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53
Asw max = 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2
Asw max = mm 956.91 956.91 956.91 956.91
2
Asw required = mm 610 0 0 0
s = spacing of stirrups mm 200 200 200 200
diameter of stirrup mm 12 8 8 8
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 2 1 1 1
diameter of stirrup mm 0 0 0 0
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 0 0 0 0
2
Asw provided mm 1131 251 251 251
Shear reinft provided Safe Safe Safe Safe
VRd,s kN 2217 196 189 189
OKAY OKAY OKAY OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 128 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

Salient features of super-structure:
Span of the structure = 16.00 m
Expansion joint = 20.00 mm
Projection of Girders beyond Bearing Line = 500.00 mm
Effective span of the longitudinal girder(C/C of supports) = 14.96 m
Total Width of Deck Slab = 16.00 m
Thickness of Top Flange of Girder varies from 225 mm
to 375 mm
Width of web = 625 mm
Thickness of slab = 225 mm
Spacing of longitudinal girders = 2.60 m
Number of longitudinal girders = 6 nos.
Cantivever Projection = 1.5 m
Number of Cross girders = 3 nos.
Thickness of Cross girder = 0.5 m
Thickness of Wearing Coat = 75 mm
Distance between the C/L of the Cross Girders = 7.48 m
Distance between the C/L of the end and middle longitudinal girders = 2.60 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.50 m
Grade of Concrete, M 30 Unit Weight of Concrete 25 kN/m3
Grade of steel, Fe 500 Unit Weight of W/C 25 kN/m3

Unit Weight of Concrete 25 kN/m3

Unit Weight of W/C 25 kN/m3
Unit Weigth of PCC 24 kN/m3
Load Calculations:
Load due to self weight of the deck slab = 5.625 kN/m2
Load due to Crash Barrier: = 7.75 kN/m It acts over a width of 500mm
Load due to Hand Rails: = 7.71 kN/m
Load due to Footpath: = 10.81 kN/m
Load due to wearing coat:
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Load due to wearing coat = 1.875 kN/m2
Live Load due to footpath = 3.846 kN/m2

IDENTIFIED LOAD CASES ARE:

Self Weight of Slab Elements LC1
Superimposed Dead Load LC2
VLL - Class AA Track Placed concentric with End Panel LC3
VLL - Class AA Track Placed Concentric with Next to End Support LC4
VLL - 70R W Bogie Placed Concentric with End Panel LC5
VLL - 70RW Bogie Placed Concentric with Next to End Support LC6
VLL - Class A Vehicle Placed Concentric with End Panel LC7
VLL - Class A Vehicle Placed Concentric with Next to End Support LC8

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 129 Mukesh & Associates

Live Load Calculations:

1. CLASS AA - Track Vehicle:
Minimum Edge Distance = 4.125 m, From Outer Edge of Crash Barrier
Distance between two tyres of the axle = 2.05 m (C/C of tyres)
Load per axle = 700 kN
Load per tyre = 350 kN
Width of tyre (Perpendicular to Traffic) = 850 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the traffic Direction) = 3600 mm
Aspct ratio (b / lo) = 0.347594
As the aspect ratio is not greater than 2.00, α = 1.39 (for continuous slab)

Effective width of the concentrated load = beff = a x α (1 - a/lo) + b1

a = Distance of the center of gravity of the concentrated load from the nerear support
lo = Effective span
b1 = Breadth of the concentration area of load along the traffic direction + 2 x Thickness of W/C

Case 1: CLASS AA Vehicle placed in End Supports

For Track 1 & 2

a = 0.275 m
lo = 2.60 m
b1 = 3.750 m
α = 1.39
beff = 4.092 m
Width of tyre along the span direction = 1450 mm

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered and Intensity of loading is worked-out
350 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 73.737 kN/m2
4.092 x 1.45

Case 2: CLASS AA Vehicle placed concentrically at Mid Span

For Track 1 & 2

a = 1.025 m
lo = 2.60 m
b1 = 3.750 m
a = 1.39
beff = 4.613 m
Width of tyre along the span direction = 1450 mm
DISPERSION WIDTH OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP
As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered and Intensity of loading is worked-out
Intensity of loading = 350 x 1.25
` 65.404 kN/m2
4.613 x 1.45
2. 70R - Wheeled (Bogie) loading:

Minimum Edge Distance = 2.630 m, From Outer Edge of Crash Barrier

Distance between two tyres of the axle = 1.93 m (C/C of tyres)
Spacing of Axles = 1.22 m
Load per axle = 200 kN
Load per tyre = 100 kN
Width of tyre = 860 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 130 Mukesh & Associates

Contact length of the tyre is arrived based on the max. tyre pressures specified in IRC:6-2000 and the effective width
Maximum tyre pressure = = 5.273 kg/cm2
i.e. 0.5273 N/mm2
i.e. 527.3 kN/m2

Actual max. Load = 5 T i.e. 50000 N

50 kN
Contact width of tyre (Perpendicular to traffic) = = 360 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the Traffic Direction) = = 264 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the Traffic Direction) = = 264 mm

Aspct ratio of Slab Panel (b / lo) = 0.347594

As the aspect ratio is not greater than 2.00, a = 1.39 (for continuous slab)

Effective width of the concentrated load = beff = a x a (1 - a/lo) + b1

Case 3: 70R W BOGEI placed in End Supports

For Tyres 1 & 2

a = 0.335 m
lo = 2.60 m
b1 = 414 mm
a = 1.3903743
beff = 0.820 m
EFFECTIVE WIDTHS DO NOT OVERLAP
Hence, Effective Width = 0.820 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 960 mm

DISPERSION WIDTHS OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered

100 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 158.837 kN/m2
0.82 x 0.96

Case 4: 70R W BOGEI placed concentrically at Mid Span

For Tyres 1 & 2

a = 0.965 m
lo = 2.60 m
b1 = 414 mm
a = 1.39
beff = 1.258 m

EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF TYRES IN BRIDGE'S LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OVER-LAP

Hence, Effective Width = 2.478 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 131 Mukesh & Associates

Width of tyre along the span direction = 960 mm

DISPERSION WIDTHS OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered

200 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 105.092 kN/m2
2.478 x 0.96

3. Class - A Vehicles
Minimum Edge Distance Condition = 2.9 m, From Outer Edge of Crash Barrier
Distance between two tyres of the axle = 1.8 m (C/C of tyres)
Spacing of Axle (of 114 kN) = 1.2 m
Load per axle = 114 kN
Load per tyre = 57 kN
Width of tyre, W (Transverse Direction) = 500 mm
Contact length of tyre (Traffic Direction) = 250 mm

Aspct ratio = (b/lo) = 0.347594

As the aspect ratio is grater than 2.00, a = 1.39 (for continuous slab)

Effective width of the concentrated load = beff = a x a (1 - a/lo) + b1

Case 5: One CLASS A Vehicle placed in End Supports

For Tyres 1 & 2

a = 0.400 m
lo = 2.60 m
b1 = 400 mm
a = 1.39
beff = 0.871 m
EFFECTIVE WIDTHS DO NOT OVERLAP
Hence, Effective Width = 0.871 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 1100 mm

DISPERSION WIDTH OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered.

57 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 74.366 kN/m2
0.871 x 1.1

Case 6: One CLASS A Vehicle placed concentrically at Mid Span

For Tyres 1 & 2

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 132 Mukesh & Associates

a = 0.900 m
lo = 2.60 m
b1 = 400 mm
a = 1.39
beff = 1.219 m
EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF TYRES IN BRIDGE'S LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OVER-LAP
Hence, Effective Width = 1.219 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 1100 mm

DISPERSION WIDTH OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered.

Intensity of loading = 57 x 1.25

= 53.136 kN/m2
1.219 x 1.1

Continuous beam analysis has been carried-out by using the structural analysis programe (STAAD) by inputting the various loads calculated
above on the beam members. The analysis results were appended for ready reference.

Summary of moments in various members

S. No. Load Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 6.33 6.33 3.33 3.33 3.33 6.328 6.33
2 LC2- SIDL 10.22 10.22 1.97 0.44 1.24 4.844 4.84
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 0.00 0.96 0.96 0.91 0.96 0.956 0.81
4 LC4 -FPIL 1.92 1.92 0.51 0.13 0.04 0.009 0.00
5 LC5 - CLASS AA -Support 0.00 11.96 35.15 35.15 12.73 3.13 0.00
6 LC6 - CLASS AA -Support 0.00 0.91 15.02 15.02 15.02 0.91 0.00
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Span 0.00 13.552 39.82 39.821 14.43 3.551 0.00
8 LC8 - 70R Boggie-Support 0.00 0.62 15.53 15.53 15.53 0.62 0.00
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Span 0.00 7.73 22.73 22.73 8.23 2.027 0.00
10 LC10 - CLASS A -Support 0.00 0.43 9.31 9.31 9.31 0.43 0.00

Note:
1.) The Edge support will be having the Maximum BM in Dead load, SIDL,the Moment considered is from Node 2 to 6
2.) The Cantilever portion is considered seperately and designed

Factored Moment for Continous Portion

Load Factored
S.No. Load description Max. Value
Factor Moment
1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 1.35 6.33 8.5428
2 LC2- SIDL 1.35 10.22 13.8024
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 1.75 0.96 1.673
4 LC4 -FPIL 1.92
5 LC5 - CLASS AA -Span 35.15
6 LC6 - CLASS AA -Support 15.02
59.7315
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Span 1.5 39.82
8 LC8 - 70R Boggie-Support 15.53
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Span 22.73
10 LC10 - CLASS A -Support 9.31 13.959
Factored Moment 97.7087

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 133 Mukesh & Associates

Factored Moment for Cantilever Portion

Load Factored
S.No. Load description Max. Value
Factor Moment

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 1.35 6.33 8.5428

2 LC2- SIDL 1.35 10.22 13.8024
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 1.75 0.96 1.673
4 LC4 -FPIL 1.92
5 LC5 - CLASS AA -Support 35.15
6 LC6 - CLASS AA -Support 15.02
59.7315
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Span 1.5 39.82
8 LC8 - 70R Boggie-Support 15.53
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Span 22.73
10 LC10 - CLASS A -Support 9.31 13.959
Factored Moment 97.7087

Summary of Shear Forces in various members in Support

S. No. Load description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 8.44 8.84 7.69 7.31 7.69 8.842 8.438
2 LC2- SIDL 14.67 7.45 0.93 0.09 0.55 2.34 3.875
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 0.00 2.17 2.13 2.11 2.13 2.168 1.625
4 LC4 -FPIL 3.85 0.93 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.003 0
5 LC5 - CLASS AA -Support 0.00 4.60 56.34 56.04 6.10 1.206 0
6 LC6 - CLASS AA -Support 0.00 0.35 51.43 53.46 51.43 0.35 0
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Span 0.00 5.21 60.55 60.211 6.91 1.366 0
8 LC8 - 70R Boggie-Support 0.00 0.24 74.94 76.24 74.94 0.238 0
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Span 0.00 2.98 34.99 34.80 3.95 0.779 0
10 LC10 - CLASS A -Support 0.00 0.16 39.99 40.90 39.99 0.16 0

Factored Shear Force for Support Portion

Load Factored
S.No. Load description Max. Value
Factor Moment
1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 1.35 8.84 11.9367
2 LC2- SIDL 1.35 14.67 19.79775
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 1.75 2.17 3.794
4 LC4 -FPIL 3.85
5 LC5 - CLASS AA -Support 56.34
6 LC6 - CLASS AA -Support 53.46
114.363
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Span 1.5 60.55
8 LC8 - 70R Boggie-Support 76.24
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Span 34.99
10 LC10 - CLASS A -Support 40.90 61.3515
Factored Shear Force 149.89145

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 134 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011
Grade of concrete M = 30 MPa
Grade of steel Fe = 500 MPa

Sectional Properties
No. of webs = 1
Width of Section, B = 2600 mm
Depth of Section, D = 225 mm
Area of section (Avg) = 0.585 m2
Perimeter of Section = 5.650 m
Moment of Inertia = 0.002 m4
depth of section m = 0.225 m
CG of Section (bot) = 0.113 m
Z bot of section = 0.022 m3
Z top of section = 0.022 m3
Width of Section = 2.600 m
Area of Section = 0.585 m2
Moment of Inertia = 0.002 m4
depth of section = 0.225 m
CG of Section (bot) = 0.113 m
Z bot of section = 0.022 m3
Z top of girder = 0.022 m3
Z top of Composite = 0.022 m3
(fck) = 30
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.60
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs
0.0042
xEs)}+0.002] =
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)0.67
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 135 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS

Width of staad member = 1.00 m

Design Shear = 149.89 KN
Design Moment For Span Portion Mom 1 = 97.71 KNm
Design Moment For Cantilever Mom 2 = 97.71 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 2600 mm
Depth of beam, D = 225 mm
No of layers = 1
Dia of Main. Bar = 12 mm
Dia of Main Road in Cantilever Portion = 16 mm
cover to reinf. = 40 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 10 mm
deff provided = 179 mm
deff provided Cantilever porotion = 177 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 = 0.11
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 = 0.11
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 97 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 81.64 mm

Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 20.5 mm

Xu in mm for Mom 2 = 20.3 mm

IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe

Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 1316 mm2
Main Bottom and top Reinforcement
Steel required, As for Mom 2 = mm2
Check for min reinft. Reqd. =
Minimum Reinf.reqd = = 761 mm2
However Nos of bars required 12 Nos
Provided 12 Nos
Dia of bars = 16 mm
Nos = 8.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 125 mm
Second Layer
Dia of bars = mm
Nos = Nos
Spacing of Bars = mm
Reinf provided = = 1608 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 25 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 118 kNm
MR = Safe
Cantilever Projection Reinforcement
Steel required, As for Mom 2 1301.1 mm2
Dia of bars = 16 mm
Nos = 8 Nos
Inorder to Tie the Bars in
Spacing of Bars = 125mm transverse Direction, allocate
Spacing as 125
Provided Ast = 1607.68 mm2
Safe
% of Steel Provided = 0.8986008 %
Longitudinal Top & Bottom Reinforcement 1.209
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 12.3.3) = 233 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 16.6.1.1) = 322 mm2 20% of reinforcement
Dia of bars = 10 mm
Nos = 6.7 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 524 mm2
Reinf provided is Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 136 Mukesh & Associates

Distribution Reinforcement (Top) 52.360

Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 12.3.3) = 233 mm2
Dia of bars = 10 mm
Nos = 5.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 200 mm
Reinf provided = 393 mm
Reinf provided is Safe

SHEAR DESIGN:
Design Shear Force = 149.9 kN
2
Nominal Shear Stress = 0.26 N/mm

2
τmax, as per Table 20 of IS:456 = 3.50 N/mm SECTION IS ADEQUATE
Ned = 0 kN
2
Ac = 179000 mm
2
σcp = 0 N/mm
Partial Safety Factor on
Concrete, ϒm = 1.5
fcd = 0.67 x fck/ϒm N/mm2
2
= 13.4 N/mm
2
0.2 x fcd = 2.68 N/mm σcp shall be least of NED/Ac or 0.2fcd
2
Hence, σcp = 0 N/mm
K = 1 + (200/d)0.5
= 2.0570
ν = {0.12 x K x (80 x ρ1 x fck)0.33 + 0.15 x σcp} bw x d
2
= 0.680 N/mm
3/2 1/2
νmin = 0.031 x K x fck
2
= 0.501 N/mm
2
Shear Strength of Concrete = 0.680 N/mm
VRD.c = 316.516 kN
SHEAR CAPACITY OF CONCRETE IS MORE THAN SHEAR STRESS, HENCE OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 137 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Minor Bridge - 1 x 18m at km 150+025
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Design of ABUTMENT - 150+025

GENERAL DATA

Road crest level = 273.537 m (Highest Level)

Depth of Construction = 1.878 m
BOD = 271.659 m
Design HFL = 269.523 m
Top of Abutment Cap = 271.445 m
Bottom of Abutment Cap = 270.645 m
Design foundation Level = 262.323 m
Lowest Bed Level = 266.823 m
DESIGN DATA
Skew Angle = 0 deg = 1
Number of traffic lanes = 3 nos
Carriage-way width = 11.000 m = 11.00 m sq
Crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of footpaths = 1.500 m sk = 1.5 m sq
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.500 m sk = 0.5 m sq
Width of Hand Rails = 0.500 m sk = 0.5 m sq
Overall width of deck = 16.00 m sk = 16.00 m sq
Length of Abutment = 16.00 m sk = 16.00 m sq
C/C Distance of Piers = 18.00 m sk
Expansion Joint width = 40 mm
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) = 17.96 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) = 17.00 m
Type of super-structure = IN-SITU GIRDERS Cum DECK SLAB
Width of bearing = 320 mm
Length of bearing = 500 mm
Width of Pedestal (Transeverse Dir.) = 0.80 m
Length of Pedestal (along bridge) = 0.55 m
Height of bearing Pedestals = 150 mm, Min. & 280 mm Maximum
Thickness of bearing = 64 mm
Number of Girders per span = 6 Nos
Number of bearings per span = 12 Nos.
Number of pedastals per span = 12 Nos.
Spacing of Longitudinal Girders = 2.600 m sk = 2.60 m sq
Cantilever Projection, beyond End Long. Girders = 1.500 m sk = 1.50 m sq
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm
Length of Return wall counterfort = 3000.0 (Uniform
mm sk = 3000 mm sq
Thickness of return wall counterfort = 500.0 mm sq = 500 mm sk
Thickness of Abutment wall counterfort = 550.0 mm sq = 550 mm sk
Thickness of Return wall = 550.0 mm sq = 550 mm sk

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III - ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS

The above listed forces are determined in detail and presented below.

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G1 SELF WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SYSTEM

Dimensions of abutment are as below, refer the sketch attached for description of various dimensions:
300 500
300 273.54

150 271.659
150 271.45
1300

800
500
600 0
500

3.822
500
200
2900 266.823

2900

2.150
Thickness of Return Wall
550 mm
264.67

1.600
263.073
1200 900
263.073

750
750

262.32

6800 700 2500 X

10000

Dimensions Distanc Mx
Weight
Item Description Breadth Height e from
Nos. Length (m) (kN) kNm
(m) (m) X, in m
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 16.000 0.300 2.092 251.0 3.050 765.7
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.300 0.150 18.00 3.950 71.10
Triangular portion 0.5 16.000 0.300 0.150 9.00 3.900 35.10
Pedestals 6 0.800 0.550 0.150 9.90 3.000 29.70
Bed Block 1 16.000 1.300 0.800 416.00 3.150 1310.4
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.700 7.572 2120.2 2.850 6042
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.000 0.000 1.600 0.00 2.500 0.000
Foundation Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 0.700 0.750 210.00 2.850 598.5

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Return Wall System

Rectangular Portion 2 6.800 0.550 10.464 1956.8 6.600 12915
Triangular Portion 1 6.800 0.550 0.000 0.00 7.733 0.000
Counterfort
Abutment (Avg. base) 2 3.700 0.750 7.572 1050.6 5.050 5306
Abutment (Rect) 2 6.800 0.750 1.200 306.0 6.600 2019.6
Abutment (Avg. base) front rib 4 0.800 0.750 1.600 96.00 0.833 80.000
Return wall (Avg. base) End 2 1.925 0.500 10.464 503.6 9.75 4910
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid 2 1.925 0.500 10.464 503.6 6.600 3323.6
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt 0 1.925 0.500 10.464 0.0 6.350 0.0
Heel Slab Portion
Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 6.800 0.750 2040.0 6.600 13464
Triangular Portion 0 16.000 6.800 1.20 0.000 5.467 0.000
Toe Slab Portion
Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 2.500 0.750 750.0 1.250 938
Triangular Portion 0 16.000 2.500 1.600 0.000 1.667 0.00
Rectangular Portion 1 16.000 2.500 0.000 0.000 1.250 0.00
Total 10241 51808
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 5.059 m
Self Wt. upto Top of Fdn = 7240.64 kN
Mx due to self wt. upto top of Fdn. = 36807.84 kNm

G2 SUPERSTRUCTURE DEAD LOAD

The superstructure is proposed to be Tee-Beam Girders and in-situ RCC Slab system. The superstructure
design is covered under Separate Design Report. The total width of deck is 16m catering to three lane traffic
and with crash barriers and foot path on both sides.
Analysis results are separately obtained for w/c loads
STAAD analysis of the superstructure is conducted and the reactions on the sub-structure pedestals due to
Dead Load (DL) of superstructure, Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) and W/C loads are obtained and the same
are tabulated below.
DL effects
Pedestal and Reaction
on
identification
Abutment
On Pedestal, R1 System
347.09
On Pedestal, R2 338.97
On Pedestal, R3 343.03
On Pedestal, R4 339.77
On Pedestal, R5 349.56
On Pedestal, R6 325.38
Total 2043.80

G3 BACK-FILL WEIGHT
Width of Heel Slab = 6.800 m
Length of Foundation = 16.000 m
FRL = 273.537 m
Foundation Level = 262.323 m
Top of Foundation Level = 263.073 m

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Deduction due to counterfort

Abutment (Avg. base) = 42.025 x 20 = 840.49
Return wall (Avg. base) End = 20.143 x 20 = 402.86
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid = 20.143 x 20 = 402.86
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt = 0.000 x 20 = 0

Rectangular portion = 21123.444 kN,

acts at 6.600 m away from Point X

Deduction due to counterfort

Abutment counterfort = 4.488 x 20 = 89.76
Triangular Portion = 2086.240 kN
acts at 7.733 m away from Point X
3
Unit Weight of Soil overburden = 20 kN/m
Total Soil Overburden Weight = 23209.68 kN
acts at 6.702 m away from Point X
Weight of soil on Toe Slab is also considered. Top 1.0m thickness of soil is ignored as there can be occasions
when such depth of excavation may take place during service stage for taking service lines through in the
vicinity of Abutments.
Width of Toe Slab = 2.500 m
Length of Foundation = 16.000 m
Ground Level = 266.823 m
Foundation Level = 262.323 m
Top of Foundation Level = 3.950 m
Weight of Soil
Rectangular portion - 1 = 2200.000 kN,
acts at 1.250 m away from Point X
Rectangular portion - 2 = 0.000 kN,
acts at 2.500 m away from Point X
Triangular Portion - 1 = 0.000 kN
acts at 2.500 m away from Point X
Triangular Portion - 2 = 400.000 kN
acts at 0.833 m away from Point X

Total Soil Overburden Weight on Toe Slab = 2600.00 kN

acts at 1.186 m away from Point X

Total Weight of Soil Overburden - both on Heel and Toe Slab

= 25809.684 kN
acts at 6.146 m away from Point X

Fep EARTH PRESSURE, Fep

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Sin2a.sin(a - d) = 0.931
Sin(f + d).sin(f - b) = 0.425
Sin(a - d) sin(a + b) = 0.931
ka = 0.2750
Height of Embankment Fill above Foundation = 11.2140 m
Height of Embankment Fill upto root of Stem = 10.4640 m
Pressure ordinate at the root of Abutment Stem = 57.556 kN/Sq.m.
Pressure ordinate at Fdn. Level = 61.682 kN/Sq.m.
Total active earth pressure force, at Fdn Level = 345.848 kN/m
Active Earth Pressure acts at 4.710 m, away from point X, at an inclination of
21.34 Degrees with horizontal
Total Horizontal component = 5154.18 kN, acts at 4.710 m above Point X
Total Vertical component = 2013.68 kN, acts at 3.200 m from Point X
However, the effect of Vertical force is ignored to be on conservative side
Moment at Point X due to Horizontal Component = 24276 kNm
Moment at Point X due to Vertical Component = 6444 kNm
However, the effect of Vertical force is ignored to be on conservative side
Moment about point X = 24276 kNm

G4 SIDL SUCH AS HAND RAILS, CRASH BARRIERS, FOOTPATHS& OTHER SERVICE LOADS
Support Reactions due to SIDLs are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:

Pedestal and Reaction SDL effects,

identification except w/c
On Pedestal, R1 295.134
On Pedestal, R2 -53.954
On Pedestal, R3 4.003
On Pedestal, R4 -5.283
On Pedestal, R5 -24.600
On Pedestal, R6 257.381
Total 472.681

G5 SURFACING & WEARING COAT LOADS (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
Support Reactions due to W/C are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
Pedestal and Reaction loads due
identification to w/c
On Pedestal, R1 6.265
On Pedestal, R2 43.719
On Pedestal, R3 43.793
On Pedestal, R4 44.416
On Pedestal, R5 40.564
On Pedestal, R6 6.864
Total 185.62

T TEMPARATURE LOADS (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during the structure's Life)
No such loads act on the Supports

Q VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD DUE TO GRAVITY &

Qim IMPACT LOAD DUE TO VEHICULAR GRAVITY LOADS
All IRC Vehicles are kept longitudinally on superstructure in such a way to get maximum reaction on

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Pedestal Loads
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
70R W -13.488 55.025 491.347 332.365 16.486 -5.13
70RW + Class A 54.842 373.749 97.082 438.821 427.57 15.48
70RT -3.841 8.449 442.413 271.21 -14.68 2.383
70RT + Class A 66.393 365.74 61.56 389.986 354.95 -8.568
Class A - One Lane -7.769 23.196 142.005 149.104 20.033 -2.815
Class A - Two Lanes 31.749 203.511 99.617 152.414 153.49 9.288
Class A - Three Lanes 23.912 230.051 261.303 260.49 182.95 13.728

Axial Load, Axial MT,

LL Case MT, kNm Impact
P Load, P kNm
Factor (%)
With Impact Without Impact
70R W 724.47 302.65 21.00 598.73 250.1
70RW + Class A 1163.26 -398.32 21.00 819.86 -329.2
70RT 641.76 272.31 10.00 583.42 247.6
70RT + Class A 1118.23 102.39 10.00 804.54 93.1
Class A - One Lane 267.57 -29.09 21.00 221.13 -24.04
Class A - Two Lanes 537.25 272.43 21.00 444.01 225.2
Class A - Three Lanes 803.66 250.96 21.00 664.18 207.4

Fh BRAKING FORCE CALCULATIONS

Provisions of Clause 211 of IRC:6-2016 are followed.
One Side Loaded Condition
Reaction Reaction Reaction on
Vehicular LL Case due to 2- due to third Braking Pedestal, kN
Lane Lane Force, kN
HorizontalVertical
Loading Loading
70R W 1000.00 0.00 100.00 16.67 6.16
70RW + Class A 1000.00 540.00 113.50 18.92 6.99
70RT 700.00 0.00 70.00 11.67 4.31
70RT + Class A 700.00 540.00 83.50 13.92 5.14
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.00 54.00 9.00 3.33
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.00 108.00 18.00 6.65
Class A - Three Lanes 1620.00 540.00 175.50 29.25 10.81

Reduction as provided in Clause 205 of IRC:6 - 2016 is not applied.

Ff BEARING FRICTION
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrinkage.
Refer Clause no. 217 of IRC:6-2016
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 0.0000117
Maximum temperature variation = 17.5 deg.
Temperature Strain = 0.0002048
Total Strain = 0.0004048
Total change in the length of the longitudinal girder = 7.27 mm
Design change in length (10% more is considered) = 8.00 mm
Change in length effective per support = 4.00 mm
Details of Bearings Adopted are:

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Length lo = 500 mm
Breath bo = 320 mm
Overall Thickness = 64 mm
Side cover, c = 6 mm
Outer Cover he = 6 mm
Number of layers of neoprane = 3 nos.
Number of Steel Plates = 4 Nos.
Thickness of Elastomer hi = 12 mm
Thickness of steel plates hs = 4 mm
Effective Width of Bearing = 308 mm
Effective Length of Bearing = 488 mm
Effective thickness of Baering = 48 mm
Shear strain in bearing = 0.08329
Shear Modulus of Bearing Material = 1.00 N/mm2
Shear Stress in Bearing = 0.08329 N/mm2
Total number of bearings/Span/Support = 6 Nos.
Induced shear force at the bottom of bearing = 75.117 kN
Horizontal load on each support (in longitudinal direction)
= 75.117 kN
This force acts at RL (+) 271.659 m
Horizontal load on each pedestal (in longitudinal direction)
= 12.519 kN

Fcf CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

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Qfpl PEDESTRIAN/FOOTPATH LIVE LOADS

Support Reactions due to FPLL are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
Pedestal and Reaction loads due
identification to FPLL
On Pedestal, R1 26.774
On Pedestal, R2 4.453
On Pedestal, R3 0.051
On Pedestal, R4 -0.561
On Pedestal, R5 8.095
On Pedestal, R6 25.396
Total 64.21

Fcp LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE PRESSURE

As per Cl.214.1.1.3 of IRC:6 Live Load Surcharge equivalent to 1.2 m height of backfill shall be considered in
the design. Hence, the same is considered.
Lateral pressure = 6.600 kN/Sq.m.
Total lateral load = 1184.29 kN, at bottom of foundation and it acts at an inclination of
21.34 Degrees with horizontal
= 1105.08 kN, at top of Foundation and acts at
At Bottom of Foundation 20 degrees with horizontal
Horizontal component = 1103.09 kN, acts at 5.607 m above point X
And, vertical component = 430.96 kN acts at 3.200 m from point X
This component is ignored, to be on conservative side
Moment about Point X = 6185.01 kNm, at bottom of pile cap

W WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Clause 209 of IRC:6 are followed in determining the Wind Load Effects on the bridge elements.
Span Details for Estimating Wind Forces
On Left Side = 17.96 m
Height of the crash barrier/parapet wall = 1.00 m
Lowest Bed Level = 266.82 m
Height of the structure above the existing ground level = 7.714 m
Terrain Category = 1
PLAIN TERRAIN
Hourly Mean Speed of WIND, Vz = 27.800 m/Sec
Horizontal Wind Pressure, Pz = 463.700 N/m2
2
0.464 kN/m
Wind Zone = 5
Basic Wind Speed as per Figure 6 of IRC:6 - 2010 = 39 m/Sec
Multiplying Factor for Wind Zone Effect = 1.182
WIND FORCES ON SUPERSTRUCTURE
Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where
Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.548 kN/m2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
2
25.844 m , on Left Side Span
2
0.000 m , on Right Side Span

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G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient
Type of Superstructure = 2 DECK GIRDER SYSTEM
CD = Calculated As Below
Width of the Deck = 16.00 m
Depth of Construction = 1.878 m
Ratio = 8.5
Hence, CD = 1.95
Transverse Force On Left Side Superstructure = 55.24 kN
Transverse Force On Right Side Superstructure 0.00 kN
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 55.24 kN
acts @ RL (+) 273.10 m
Longitudinal Fforce On Left Side Superstructure = 13.81 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Longitudinal Force On Right Side Superstructure = 0.00 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 13.81 kN
acts @ RL (+) 273.10 m

Design Wind Lift Force, FL = PZ x A3 x G x CL, where

Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.9274 kN/m2
A3 = Area of Exposure in Plan
143.68 m2, on Left Side Span

Total Area, A3 143.68 m2

G = Gust Factor
2
CL = Drag Coefficient
0.75
Design Wind Uplift Force on Left Side Superstructure = 199.87 kN
Design Wind Uplift Force on Right Side Superstructure = 0.00 kN
Total Design Wind Uplift Force on Superstructure = 199.87 kN

WIND FORCES ON MOVING VLL

Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where

Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.548 kN/m2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
2
26.94 m , as per clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6 - 2016
Thus, Wind Load on VLL does not depend on the Type of Vehicle, it depends only on the span arrangement
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6)
1.2
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 35.43 kN
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 8.86 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
acts @ RL (+) 275.04 m

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WIND FORCES ON SUB-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

The exposed surfaces of the abutment are the abutment walls and return walls
FRL = 273.537 m
Bed/Ground Level = 266.823 m
Wdith of exposed face of Abutment = 7.500 m
Skew Angle = 0.000 radians
Exposed Width of Abutment = 7.50 m
Exposed Area of Abutment System = 50.36 Sq.m.
Drag Coefficient for Abutment = 1.20 Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of IRC:
Gust Factor = 2
Wind Force on Abutment = 66.23 kN
Acts @ RL (+) 270.180 m

Total Wind Effects are summarized below - One Spans existing

Transverse Longitudinal Vertical
Element Details Force, Acts @
Force, kN Acts @ RL Force, kN Acts @ RL
kN RL
On Superstructure 55.236 273.098 13.809 273.098 99.94
On VLL 35.432 275.037 8.858 275.037
On Abutment System 66.228 270.180 16.557 270.180
156.896 39.224 99.94
Gb BUOYANCY EFFECTS:
100% buoyancy effects are considered and the calculations are provided below. Self weight of the abutment
system and self weight of soil overburden decreases due to buoyancy and the effects of the same are
determined below.
A. Buoyancy Effects on Self Weight of Abutment:

Unit Weight of Water 10 kN/Cu.m.

Design HFL RL 269.523
Dimensions Distanc Mx
Weight
Item Description Breadth Height (kN) e from
Nos. Length (m) X, in m kNm
(m) (m)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.00 0.70 6.45 722.4 2.850 2059
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.00 0.00 1.600 0.0 2.500 0.0
Additional Rectangular Portion 1 16.00 0.70 0.000 0.0 2.85 0.0
Return Wall System
Rectangular Portion 2 6.8 0.55 6.450 482.5 6.600 3184
Triangular Portion 1 6.8 0.55 0.750 28.1 7.7333 216.9
Counterfort
Abutment (Avg. base) 2 4.050 0.750 6.450 391.8 5.050 1979
Abutment (Avg. base) front rib 4 0.8 0.75 1.6 38.4 0.833 32
Return wall (Avg. base) End 2 1.925 0.500 6.450 124.2 9.750 1211
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid 2 1.925 0.500 6.450 124.2 6.600 819
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt 2 1.925 0.500 6.450 124.2 6.350 788.4
Heel Slab Portion
Rectangular Portion 1 16.00 6.80 0.750 816.0 6.6 5386
Triangular Portion 0 16.00 6.80 1.200 0.0 5.467 0

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Toe Slab Portion

Rectangular Portion 1 16.00 2.500 0.750 300.0 1.25 375.0
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.00 2.500 0.000 0.0 1.6667 0.0
Total 3152 16050
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 5.093 m

B. Buoyancy Effects on Overburden soil on HEEL Slab:

Heel dimensions
Length (parellel to traffic direction) = 6.80 m
Width (perpendicular to traffic direction) = 16.00 m
Height of soil fill, upto HFL = 6.450 m
Load due to soil overburden over the heel slab, upto HFL = 7018 kN
acts at 6.60 m from X

Total Buoyancy Force = -10169.2 kN

and acts @ 6.133 m away from point X
Vc VEHICLE COLLISION LOAD ON SUPPORTS
Refer Clause 222 of IRC:6-2010

FeqT SEISMIC EFFECTS - Longitudinal and transverse Directions

& Road crest level = 273.537 M
FeqL Foundation Level = 262.323 M
Grade of concrete = 30 Mpa

Fundamental time period (T) = 2 x sqrt(D/100xF)

Provisions of IRC: 6 - 2016 for estimating the design horizontal seismic coefficient , Ah are folowed
and the calculations are presented below.
Design horizontal seismic coefficient , ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g) Where
Z = Zone factor, Refer Table No.16, Clause 219.2 of IRC:6-2016
(for modorate seismic intensity, Zone III)
= 0.16
I = Importance factor, Ref table No. 7, Clause 219.5.1.1
= 1.20
R = Response reduction factor, charecerized by ductility level of structure
Ref. Table No. 8 & Note below the Table For ordinary moment resisting frames
2.50
Estimation of Sa/g is done below - It depends on foundation strata, structural dampness and natural frequency of structu
Top Of Abutment Cap = 271.445
Top of Foundation Level = 262.323
f Frame (From top of Abutment Cap to Bottom of Foundation Level) = 9.122 m
Grade of concrete = 30 Mpa
Young's modulus of concrete = 30500 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia of Column Section = 4.573E+11 mm4
Deflection of tip = FL3/12EI
Horizontal load required to produce unit (1mm) deflection, F = 220518 N
220.52 kN
Dead load reaction from super structure = 2702.10 kN

Live load reaction from super structure = 1000.00 kN

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Fundamental TIME PERIOD (Ts) = 2 x (D/1000xF)0.5 = 0.259 sec

Fundamental natural freequency, Ts in sec = 0.259 Seconds
For Hard = 2.500 (as the piles are taken to hard soil)
soil sites
Assum the % of dampness = 5
As per 219.5.1 of IRC:6 - 2010, Multiplying Factor = 1
Effective value of Sa/g = 2.500
Hence, ah = 0.096
Hence, Design horizontal seismic coefficient taken is = 0.096

Inertia Seismic Horizontal Level where it

Description of Inertia Force
Load (kN) Load, kN acts
Abutment System (Refer Self weight calculations of Abutment)
Dirt wall 251.040 24.100 272.491
Bracket
Rectangular portion 18.000 1.728 273.162
Triangular portion 9.000 0.864 273.187
Pedestals 9.900 0.950 271.520
Bed Block 416.0 39.936 271.045
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 2120.2 203.535 267.259
Return Wall System
Rectangular Portion 1956.77 187.850 268.305
Counterfort
Abutment (Avg. base) 1050.615 100.859 266.459
Abutment (Avg. base) front rib 96.000 9.216 263.873
Return wall (Avg. base) End 503.580 48.344 268.305
Return wall (Avg. base) Mid 503.580 48.344 268.305
Return wall (Avg. base) Near Abt 0.000 0.000 268.305

Rectangular portion above GL 1070.160 102.735 268.734

Dead Load of Superstructure
Superstructure DL and SDL 2702.104 259.402 273.337
Vehicular Live Load
As per Clause 222.7 of IRC:6-2016, The seismic force due to live load need not be
considered in the direction of traffic (longitudinal direction), but shall be considered in the
direction perpendicular to the traffic (transverse direction).
However, As per Clause 219.5.2
of IRC:6 - 2016, 20% live load
274.737
shall be considered for
calculating the seismic forces.

Seismic load due to embankment fill:

Refer Clause no. 8.1.1 of IS:1893-1984 for estimating lateral earth pressure coefficient.
Active earth pressure , pa = w x h x Ca where,
w, unit weight of backfill soil = 20 kN/Cu.m.
h, height of backfill above abutment = 11.214 m
Ca , Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = (1+av) x (A/B) x (1/(1+(C/D)0.5)2
A = Cos2 (f - l -a)
B = Cos (l) x Cos2 (a) x Cos (d + l + a)
C = Sin (f + d) x Sin (f - i -l)

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ah, horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.096

av, Vertical Seismic Coefficient = Half of ah
= 0.048
f, angle of internal friction of soil = 32 degrees 0.5582 Radians
l, = 5.237 Degrees 0.0913 Radians
a, angle which earth face of wall makes with = 0 degrees 0.0000 Radians
the vertical
Slope of Earth Fill, τ = 0 degrees 0.0000 Radians
d, angle of friction between wall and earthfill = 21.333333 Degrees 0.3721 Radians
A = 0.7974
B = 0.8908
C = 0.3609
D = 0.8945
Ca, Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = 0.351 (Under seismic conditions)
For estimating Static Earth Pressure Coefficient, in the above formula,
ah = av = l= 0.0000
A = 0.7194
B = 0.9315
C = 0.4247
D = 0.9315
Ca, Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = 0.275 (Under Normal conditions)
Seismic Effects on Active Earth Pressure Forces
Due to normal
Due to Seismic Effects
conditions
At Bottom of
Description At top of Foundation
Foundation
Seismic Normal Seismic Normal
Effects Effects Effects Effects
Height 10.464 11.214
Pressure Ordinate (kN/Sq.m.) 73.429 57.593 78.692 61.72
Total Force per m 384.181 301.328 441.23 346.1
Total Force, kN 6146.902 4821.240 7059.6 5537
Horizontal Component, kN 5726.137 4491.219 6576.4 5158
Lever Arm 4.395 4.710
Rigid Body Moment 25165.686 19738.368 30974 24294
Resultant Moment about Point X 25165.686 19738.368 30974 24294
Increment in Active Earth Pressure Loads due to Seismic Effects
Horizontal Loads 1234.918 1418.286
Moment about Point X 5427.318 6679.958

Estimation of Self Weight Forces at the root of STEM - @ RL (+) 263.073

Dimensions Weight Eccentri Mx
Item Description
Nos. Length (m) Breadth Height (kN) city, m kNm
(1) (2) (3) (m)
(4) (m)
(5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 16.00 0.30 2.09 251.0 0.200 50.2
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 16.00 0.30 0.15 18.00 0.500 9.0
Triangular portion 1 16.00 0.30 0.15 9.00 0.450 4.1
Pedestals 6 0.80 0.55 0.15 9.90 0.150 1.5
Bed Block 1 16.00 1.30 0.80 416.00 -0.300 -124.8

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 151 Mukesh & Associates

Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.00 0.70 7.57 2120.2 0.000 0
Triangular Portion 0.5 16.00 0.00 1.60 0.00 -0.350 0.0
Total 2824.1 -60.1
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = -0.021 m

Estimation of Self Weight Forces @ RL (+) 264.673

Dimensions Mx
Weight Eccentri
Item Description Breadth Height
Nos. Length (m) (kN) city, m kNm
(m) (m)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 16.000 0.300 2.092 251.0 0.200 50.2
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.300 0.150 18.000 0.500 9.0
Triangular portion 0.5 16.000 0.300 0.150 9.000 0.450 4.1
Pedestals 6 0.800 0.550 0.150 9.900 -0.150 -1.5
Bed Block 1 16.000 1.300 0.800 416.0 0.300 124.8
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 16.000 0.700 7.572 2120.2 0.000 0
Total 2824.1 186.6
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 0.066 m

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 263.073

Axial Load, Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 2824.10 -60.06
Super-structure Dead Load

2043.80 306.57
Back-fill Weight
Earth Pressure 4487.80 -19723.4
SIDL, other than W/C 472.68 70.90
FootPath Live Load 64.21 9.63
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 185.62 27.84
Vehicular Loading, without Impact

70R W 598.73 89.81 250.1

70RW + Class A 819.86 122.98 -329.2
70RT 583.42 87.51 247.6
70RT + Class A 804.54 120.68 93.1
Class A - One Lane 221.13 33.17 -24.0
Class A - Two Lanes 444.01 66.60 225.2
Class A - Three Lanes 664.18 99.63 207.4
Breaking Forces
70R W 36.96 100.00 -853.06
70RW + Class A 41.95 113.50 -968.22
70RT 25.88 70.00 -597.14
70RT + Class A 30.87 83.50 -712.30
Class A - One Lane 19.96 54.00 -460.65
Class A - Two Lanes 39.92 108.00 -921.30
Class A - Three Lanes 64.87 175.50 -1497.11
Bearing Friction Effects 75.12 -644.95

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 152 Mukesh & Associates

Centrifugal Forces

70R W 0.00 0.0

70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0
70RT 0.00 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1029.31 -10770.7
Wind Forces
99.94 39.22 156.90 -362.08 1448.3
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 429.72 -1134.05
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 441.21 -1268.1
70RW + Class A 445.46 -1317.7
70RT 440.92 -1264.7
70RT + Class A 445.16 -1314.2
Class A - One Lane 433.96 -1183.6
Class A - Two Lanes 438.24 -1233.5
Class A - Three Lanes 442.47 -1282.8

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 264.673

Axial Load, Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 2824.10 186.57
Super-structure Dead Load

2043.80 -306.57
Back-fill Weight
Earth Pressure 3220.31 -11988.8
SIDL, other than W/C 472.68 -70.90
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 185.62 -27.84
Footpath Live Load 64.21 -9.63
Vehicular Loading, without Impact

70R W 598.73 -89.81 0.0

70RW + Class A 819.86 -122.98 0.0
70RT 583.42 -87.51 0.0
70RT + Class A 804.54 -120.68 0.0
Class A - One Lane 221.13 -33.17 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 444.01 -66.60 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 664.18 -99.63 0.0
Breaking Forces
70R W 36.96 100.00 -704.14
70RW + Class A 41.95 113.50 -799.20
70RT 25.88 70.00 -492.90

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 153 Mukesh & Associates

Class A - One Lane 19.96 54.00 -380.24

Class A - Two Lanes 39.92 108.00 -760.48
Class A - Three Lanes 64.87 175.50 -1235.77
Bearing Friction Effects 75.12 -524.77
Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.0
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0
70RT 0.00 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 871.93 -3864.4
Wind Forces
99.94 39.22 156.90 -299.32 1197.3
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 429.72 -4532.2
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
70R W 441.21 -1018.4
70RW + Class A 445.46 -975.6
70RT 440.92 -1021.3
70RT + Class A 445.16 -978.6
Class A - One Lane 433.96 -1091.3
Class A - Two Lanes 438.24 -1048.3
Class A - Three Lanes 442.47 -1005.7

Summary of forces at Bottom of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 262.323

Axial Load,
Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT MLX MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 10240.64 51808
Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 2043.80 5109.5
Back-fill Weight 25809.68 158632
Earth Pressure 5154.18 -24276
SIDL, other than W/C 472.68 1181.70
Footpath Live Load 64.21 160.52
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 185.62 464.05
Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 598.73 1496.83 250.1
70RW + Class A 819.86 2049.65 -329.2
70RT 583.42 1458.54 247.6
70RT + Class A 804.54 2011.36 93.1
Class A - One Lane 221.13 552.82 -24.0
Class A - Two Lanes 444.01 1110.02 225.2
Class A - Three Lanes 664.18 1660.46 207.4
Breaking Forces
70R W 36.96 100.00 -1026.01
70RW + Class A 41.95 113.50 -1164.52

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 154 Mukesh & Associates

70RT + Class A 30.87 83.50 -856.72

Class A - One Lane 19.96 54.00 -554.05
Class A - Two Lanes 39.92 108.00 -1108.09
Class A - Three Lanes 64.87 175.50 -1800.65
Bearing Friction Effects 75.12 36857.1
Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.0 0.0
70RW + Class A 0.0 0.0
70RT 0.0 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.0 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.0 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.0 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.0 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1103.1 -6185.0
Wind Forces 99.94 39.2 156.9 391.5 1566.0
Buoyancy Effects -10169.24 -62366
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 429.7 7284.1
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 429.716 7284
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 57.5 713.5
70RW + Class A 78.7 977.1
70RT 56.0 695.3
70RT + Class A 77.2 958.8
Class A - One Lane 21.2 263.5
Class A - Two Lanes 42.6 529.1
Class A - Three Lanes 63.8 791.5
Due to Backfill 1418.3 6680.0

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 155 Mukesh & Associates

LOADS & COMBINATIONS AT BOTTOM OF

Load IDs FOUNDATION, RL (+) 262.323
& LCs
Load Details P, kN HL HT ML MT
G1 Self Weight of Abutment System 10240.64 0.00 0.00 51807.84 0.00
G2 Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 2043.80 0.00 0.00 5109.51 0.00
G3 Back-fill Weight 25809.68 0.00 0.00 158631.65 0.00
Fep Earth Pressure 0.00 5154.18 0.00 -24275.6 0.00
G4 SIDL, other than W/C 472.68 0.00 0.00 1181.70 0.00
G5 Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 185.62 0.00 0.00 464.05 0.00
FPLL 64.21 0.00 0.00 160.52 0.00
Q Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 688.54 0.00 0.00 1721.36 287.64
70RW + Class A 942.84 0.00 0.00 2357.10 -378.57
70RT 670.93 0.00 0.00 1677.32 284.69
70RT + Class A 925.23 0.00 0.00 2313.06 107.04
Class A - One Lane 254.30 0.00 0.00 635.74 -27.65
Class A - Two Lanes 510.61 0.00 0.00 1276.52 258.93
Class A - Three Lanes 763.81 0.00 0.00 1909.53 238.51
Fh Breaking Forces
70R W 36.96 100.00 0.00 -1026.01 0.00
70RW + Class A 41.95 113.50 0.00 -1164.52 0.00
70RT 25.88 70.00 0.00 -718.21 0.00
70RT + Class A 30.87 83.50 0.00 -856.72 0.00
Class A - One Lane 19.96 54.00 0.00 -554.05 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 39.92 108.00 0.00 -1108.09 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 64.87 175.50 0.00 -1800.65 0.00
Ff Bearing Friction Effects 0.00 75.12 0.00 36857.05 0.00
Fcf Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure 0.00 1103.09 0.00 -6185.01 0.00
W Wind Forces 99.94 39.22 156.90 391.50 1566.00
Vc Buoyancy Effects -10169.24 0.00 0.00 -62366.02 0.00
Ff Vehicular Collision Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Forces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads0.00 429.72 0.00 7284.11 0.00
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads
0.00 0.00 429.72 0.00 7284.11
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 0.00 0.00 57.48 0.00 713.54
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 78.71 0.00 977.06
70RT 0.00 0.00 56.01 0.00 695.28
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 77.24 0.00 958.81
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 21.23 0.00 263.53
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 42.62 0.00 529.14
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 63.76 0.00 791.54
Due to Backfill 0.00 1418.29 0.00 6679.96 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 156 Mukesh & Associates

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PRESSURE

Size of Foundation
Width = 10.000 m
Length = 16.000 m
Materials Used
Concrete = 30 Mpa
Steel = 500 MPa
2
Foundation Area = 160.00 m
3
ZL = 266.67 m
ZT = 426.67 m3

p4 16.00 p3

MT
10.00

p2 p1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 157 Mukesh & Associates

Load Pu, kN HL HT MUX MUT X e MUL Contact Pressure Details, kN/m2

Load Details
LCs kN kN kN kNm kNm m m kN.m. P u /A M u L/ZL M u T/ZT p1 p2 p3 p4 p max p min

C1 1.00 x G1 + 39542 6432.38 0.00 224447 287.644 5.676 0.676 26736.4 247.1 100.26 0.67 348.07 346.73 147.55 146.20 348.07 146.20
1.00 x G2 +
C2 1.00 x G3 + 39801 6445.88 0.00 224944 -378.57 5.652 0.652 25937.2 248.8 97.26 -0.89 345.14 346.91 150.61 152.38 346.91 150.61
1.00 X Fep +
1.00 x G4 +
C3 39513 6402.38 0.00 224711 284.693 5.687 0.687 27143.7 247.0 101.79 0.67 349.41 348.08 145.84 144.50 349.41 144.50
1.00 x G5 +
1.0 x Q - VLL
C4 39773 6415.88 0.00 225208 107.043 5.662 0.662 26344.4 248.6 98.79 0.25 347.62 347.12 150.04 149.54 347.62 149.54
(For witout
impact) +
C5 1.00 x Fh - BF
39091 6386.38 0.00 223833 -27.651 5.726 0.726 28379.0 244.3 106.42 -0.06 350.67 350.80 137.83 137.96 350.80 137.83
+ 1.00 x Ff +
C6 1.0 x Fcf + 39367 6440.38 0.00 223920 258.925 5.688 0.688 27084.3 246.0 101.57 0.61 348.22 347.00 145.09 143.87 348.22 143.87
1.00 x Fcp
C7 39645 6507.88 0.00 223861 238.514 5.647 0.647 25634.0 247.8 96.13 0.56 344.47 343.35 152.21 151.10 344.47 151.10

C8 39642 6471.61 156.9 224839 1853.65 5.672 0.672 26628.2 247.8 99.86 4.34 351.96 343.27 152.25 143.56 351.96 143.56

C9 39901 6485.11 156.9 225336 1187.43 5.647 0.647 25829.0 249.4 96.86 2.78 349.03 343.46 155.31 149.74 349.03 149.74

C10 39613 6441.61 156.9 225102 1850.69 5.682 0.682 27035.5 247.6 101.38 4.34 353.30 344.63 150.54 141.86 353.30 141.86
C1 to C7 +
1.00 x WIND
C11 39873 6455.11 156.9 225600 1673.04 5.658 0.658 26236.3 249.2 98.39 3.92 351.51 343.67 154.74 146.90 351.51 146.90
LOAD, W

C12 39191 6425.61 156.9 224225 1538.35 5.721 0.721 28270.8 244.9 106.02 3.61 354.56 347.35 142.53 135.32 354.56 135.32

C13 39467 6479.61 156.9 224312 1824.93 5.684 0.684 26976.2 246.7 101.16 4.28 352.11 343.55 149.79 141.23 352.11 141.23

C14 39745 6547.11 156.9 224252 1804.52 5.642 0.642 25525.8 248.4 95.72 4.23 348.36 339.90 156.92 148.46 348.36 148.46
G1 + G3 + Fep
C15 +W 36150 5193.40 156.9 186555 1566.00 5.161 0.161 5804.1 225.9 21.77 3.67 251.37 244.03 207.84 200.50 251.37 200.50

C16 39542 8280.38 0.0 238411 287.64 6.029 1.029 40700.4 247.1 152.63 0.67 400.44 399.09 95.19 93.84 400.44 93.84

C17 39801 8293.88 0.0 238908 -378.57 6.003 1.003 39901.2 248.8 149.63 -0.89 397.50 399.28 98.24 100.02 399.28 98.24
C1 to C7 +
C18 SEISMIC - 39513 8250.38 0.0 238675 284.69 6.040 1.040 41107.7 247.0 154.15 0.67 401.78 400.45 93.47 92.14 401.78 92.14
LONGITUDIN
C19 AL 39773 8263.88 0.0 239172 107.04 6.013 1.013 40308.5 248.6 151.16 0.25 399.99 399.49 97.67 97.17 399.99 97.17
C20 39091 8234.38 0.0 237798 -27.651 6.083 1.083 42343.0 244.3 158.79 -0.06 403.04 403.17 85.47 85.60 403.17 85.47
C21 39367 8288.38 0.0 237884 258.925 6.043 1.043 41048.4 246.0 153.93 0.61 400.58 399.37 92.72 91.51 400.58 91.51
C22 39645 8355.88 0.0 237825 238.514 5.999 0.999 39598.1 247.8 148.49 0.56 396.84 395.72 99.85 98.73 396.84 98.73

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 158 Mukesh & Associates

C23 39542 7850.67 487 231127 8285.29 5.845 0.845 33416.3 247.1 125.31 19.42 391.87 353.03 141.25 102.41 391.87 102.41

C24 39801 7864.17 508 231624 7882.60 5.819 0.819 32617.1 248.8 122.31 18.47 389.55 352.60 144.92 107.97 389.55 107.97

C25 C1 to C7 + 39513 7820.67 486 231391 8264.08 5.856 0.856 33823.6 247.0 126.84 19.37 393.17 354.43 139.49 100.75 393.17 100.75
SEISMIC -
C26 TRANSVERS 39773 7834.17 507 231888 8349.96 5.830 0.830 33024.4 248.6 123.84 19.57 391.99 352.85 144.31 105.17 391.99 105.17
E
C27 39091 7804.67 451 230513 7519.98 5.897 0.897 35058.9 244.3 131.47 17.62 393.41 358.16 130.47 95.22 393.41 95.22

C28 39367 7858.67 472 230600 8072.17 5.858 0.858 33764.3 246.0 126.62 18.92 391.58 353.74 138.35 100.51 391.58 100.51

C29 39645 7926.17 493 230541 8314.16 5.815 0.815 32314.0 247.8 121.18 19.49 388.45 349.47 146.09 107.12 388.45 107.12

C30 29372.9 6432.38 0.0 162081 287.644 5.518 0.518 15216.5 183.6 57.06 0.67 241.32 239.97 127.19 125.84 241.32 125.84

C31 29632.2 6445.88 0.0 162578 -378.57 5.487 0.487 14417.3 185.2 54.06 -0.89 238.38 240.15 130.25 132.02 240.15 130.25

C32 29344.2 6402.38 0.0 162345 284.69 5.532 0.532 15623.8 183.4 58.59 0.67 242.66 241.32 125.48 124.14 242.66 124.14
C1 to C7 + 1.0
C33 x Vc 29603.5 6415.88 0.0 162842 107.04 5.501 0.501 14824.6 185.0 55.59 0.25 240.86 240.36 129.68 129.18 240.86 129.18

C34 28921.7 6386.38 0.0 161467 -27.651 5.583 0.583 16859.1 180.8 63.22 -0.06 243.92 244.05 117.47 117.60 244.05 117.47

C35 29197.9 6440.38 0.0 161554 258.925 5.533 0.533 15564.5 182.5 58.37 0.61 241.46 240.25 124.73 123.51 241.46 123.51

C36 29476.1 6507.88 0.0 161495 238.514 5.479 0.479 14114.2 184.2 52.93 0.56 237.71 236.59 131.86 130.74 237.71 130.74

C37 29472.8 6471.61 156.9 162473 1853.65 5.513 0.513 15108.3 184.2 56.66 4.34 245.21 236.52 131.89 123.20 245.21 123.20

C38 29732.1 6485.11 156.9 162970 1187.43 5.481 0.481 14309.1 185.8 53.66 2.78 242.27 236.70 134.95 129.38 242.27 129.38

C39 29444.1 6441.61 156.9 162736 1850.69 5.527 0.527 15515.6 184.0 58.18 4.34 246.55 237.87 130.18 121.50 246.55 121.50
C30 to C36 +
C40 1.0 x W 29703.4 6455.11 156.9 163234 1673.04 5.495 0.495 14716.4 185.6 55.19 3.92 244.75 236.91 134.38 126.54 244.75 126.54

C41 29021.6 6425.61 156.9 161859 1538.35 5.577 0.577 16750.9 181.4 62.82 3.61 247.81 240.60 122.17 114.96 247.81 114.96

C42 29297.9 6479.61 156.9 161946 1824.93 5.528 0.528 15456.3 183.1 57.96 4.28 245.35 236.80 129.43 120.87 245.35 120.87

C43 29576.0 6547.11 156.9 161886 1804.52 5.474 0.474 14006.0 184.9 52.52 4.23 241.60 233.14 136.56 128.10 241.60 128.10

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 159 Mukesh & Associates

C15 + 1.0 x Vc
C44 25981.0 5193.40 156.9 124189 1566.00 4.780 -0.220 -5715.7 162.4 -21.43 3.67 144.62 137.28 187.49 180.15 187.49 137.28

C45 29372.9 8280.38 0.0 176045 287.64 5.993 0.993 29180.6 183.6 109.43 0.67 293.68 292.33 74.83 73.48 293.68 73.48

C46 29632.2 8293.88 0.0 176542 -378.57 5.958 0.958 28381.4 185.2 106.43 -0.89 290.74 292.52 77.88 79.66 292.52 77.88

C47 29344.2 8250.38 0.0 176309 284.69 6.008 1.008 29587.9 183.4 110.95 0.67 295.02 293.69 73.11 71.78 295.02 71.78
C16 to C22 +
C48 1.0 x Vc 29603.5 8263.88 0.0 176806 107.043 5.972 0.972 28788.7 185.0 107.96 0.25 293.23 292.73 77.32 76.81 293.23 76.81

C49 28921.7 8234.38 0.0 175431 -27.651 6.066 1.066 30823.2 180.8 115.59 -0.06 296.28 296.41 65.11 65.24 296.41 65.11

C50 29197.9 8288.38 0.0 175518 258.925 6.011 1.011 29528.6 182.5 110.73 0.61 293.83 292.61 72.36 71.15 293.83 71.15

C51 29476.1 8355.88 0.0 175459 238.514 5.953 0.953 28078.2 184.2 105.29 0.56 290.08 288.96 79.49 78.37 290.08 78.37

C52 29372.9 7850.67 487.2 168761 8285.29 5.745 0.745 21896.5 183.6 82.11 19.42 285.11 246.27 120.89 82.05 285.11 82.05

C53 29632.2 7864.17 508.4 169258 7882.60 5.712 0.712 21097.3 185.2 79.11 18.47 282.79 245.84 124.56 87.61 282.79 87.61

C54 29344.2 7820.67 485.7 169025 8264.08 5.760 0.760 22303.8 183.4 83.64 19.37 286.41 247.67 119.13 80.39 286.41 80.39
C23 to C29 +
C55 1.0 x Vc 29603.5 7834.17 507.0 169522 8349.96 5.726 0.726 21504.6 185.0 80.64 19.57 285.23 246.09 123.95 84.81 285.23 84.81

C56 28921.7 7804.67 450.9 168147 7519.98 5.814 0.814 23539.1 180.8 88.27 17.62 286.66 251.41 110.11 74.86 286.66 74.86

C57 29197.9 7858.67 472.3 168234 8072.17 5.762 0.762 22244.4 182.5 83.42 18.92 284.82 246.98 117.99 80.15 284.82 80.15

C58 29476.1 7926.17 493.5 168175 8314.16 5.705 0.705 20794.1 184.2 77.98 19.49 281.69 242.72 125.73 86.76 281.69 86.76

2
Maximum Contact Pressure 403.2 kN/m
2
Allowable Maximum Pressure on Soil 400 kN/m
Check 1 REVISE FOUNDATON SIZE
2
Minimum Contact Pressure 65.1 kN/m
Check 2 NO SOIL-STRUCTURE IS OBSERVED, HENCE OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 160 Mukesh & Associates

ESTABLISHING STABILITY OF ABUTMENT FOUNDATION

Load IDs & LOADS & COMBINATIONS AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION, RL (+) 262.323
LCs
Load Details P, kN HL HT M LRestoring M LDestabilizing MT
G1 Self Weight of Abutment System 10240.64 0.00 0.00 51807.8 0.00
G2 Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 2043.80 0.00 0.00 5109.51 0.00
G3 Back-fill Weight 25809.68 0.00 0.00 158631.7 0.00
Fep Earth Pressure 0.00 5154.18 0.00 -24276 0.00
G4 SIDL, other than W/C 472.68 0.00 0.00 1181.70 0.00
G5 Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 185.62 0.00 0.00 464.05 0.00
FPLL 64.21 0.00 0.00 -160.52 0.00
Q Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 688.54 0.00 0.00 1721.36 287.64
70RW + Class A 942.84 0.00 0.00 2357.10 -378.57
70RT 670.93 0.00 0.00 1677.32 284.69
70RT + Class A 925.23 0.00 0.00 2313.06 107.04
Class A - One Lane 254.30 0.00 0.00 635.74 -27.65
Class A - Two Lanes 510.61 0.00 0.00 1276.52 258.93
Class A - Three Lanes 763.81 0.00 0.00 1909.53 238.51
Fh Breaking Forces
70R W 36.96 100.00 0.00 -1026.0 0.00
70RW + Class A 41.95 113.50 0.00 -1164.5 0.00
70RT 25.88 70.00 0.00 -718.2 0.00
70RT + Class A 30.87 83.50 0.00 -856.7 0.00
Class A - One Lane 19.96 54.00 0.00 -554.05 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 39.92 108.00 0.00 -1108.09 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 64.87 175.50 0.00 -1800.65 0.00
Ff Bearing Friction Effects 0.00 75.12 0.00 36857.05 0.00
Fcf Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 161 Mukesh & Associates

Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure 0.00 1103.09 0.00 -6185.01 0.00
W Wind Forces
99.94 39.22 156.90 391.50 1566.00
Vc Buoyancy Effects -10169.24 0.00 0.00 -62366.02 0.00
Ff Vehicular Collision Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
F sei Seismic Forces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 429.72 0.00 -7284.11 0.00
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 0.00 429.72 0.00 7284.1
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 0.00 0.00 57.48 0.00 713.54
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 78.71 0.00 977.06
70RT 0.00 0.00 56.01 0.00 695.28
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 77.24 0.00 958.81
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 21.23 0.00 263.53
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 42.62 0.00 529.14
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 63.76 0.00 791.54
Due to Backfill 0.00 1418.29 0.00 -6679.96 0.00
Width = 10 m
Length = 16.00 m
Concrete = 30 Mpa
Steel = 500 Mpa
2
Foundation Area = 160.00 m
3
ZL = 266.67 m
3
ZT = 426.67 m
p4 p3
16.00

MT
ML
10.00
p2 p1

Sub-soil Particulars
Foundation Soil - Soft Disintegrated Rock
Frictional Coefficient between Soil and Concrete = 0.70

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 162 Mukesh & Associates

Load Combination Pu HL HT M UL - Restoring M UL - Destabilizing M UT FS Sliding FS Overturning

Load LCs
Details kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
C1 REFER TABLE B.1 of 27950.71 9315.19 235.34 209563 -65172.24 2780.5 2.10 3.216
IRC:6 - 2016: BASIC
C2 28337.90 9330.72 235.34 210517 -65331.53 1781.2 2.13 3.222
COMBINATION - 0.95
C3 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + 27911.54 9280.69 235.34 209497 -64818.27 2776.0 2.11 3.232
C4 G4) + 1.0 x G5+ 1.5 x 28298.72 9296.22 235.34 210451 -64977.56 2509.6 2.13 3.239
F ep + 1.5 x Q + 1.15 x
C5 27279.79 9262.29 235.34 207935 -64629.48 2307.5 2.06 3.217
F h + 1.15 x F f + 1.15
C6 27687.21 9324.39 235.34 208896 -65266.64 2737.4 2.08 3.201
x F cf +1.2 x F cp + 1.5
C7 x W + 1.0 x V c 28095.71 9402.02 235.34 209846 -66063.08 2706.77 2.09 3.176
C8 REFER TABLE B.1 of 29177.62 5189.20 0.00 218486 -79651.94 215.73 3.94 2.743
IRC:6 - 2016:
C9 29369.35 5191.90 0.00 218963 -79679.64 -283.92 3.96 2.748
ACCIDENT
C10 COMBINATION - 1.00 29162.20 5183.20 0.00 218453 -79590.38 213.52 3.94 2.745
C11 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + 29353.92 5185.90 0.00 218930 -79618.08 80.28 3.96 2.750
G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.0 x
C12 28848.54 5180.00 0.00 217672 -79557.55 -20.74 3.90 2.736
F ep + 0.75 x Q + 0.2 x
C13 29044.77 5190.80 0.00 218152 -79668.36 194.19 3.92 2.738
F h + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x
C14 F cf + 1.0 x V c 29239.66 5204.30 0.00 218627 -79806.87 178.89 3.93 2.739
C15 REFER TABLE B.1 of 28798.93 7037.20 0.00 217539 -93616.00 57.53 2.86 2.324
IRC:6 - 2016:
C16 28850.78 7039.90 0.00 217666 -93643.71 -75.71 2.87 2.324
SEISMIC (LONGI.)
C17 COMBINATION - 1.00 28793.19 7031.20 0.00 217530 -93554.44 56.94 2.87 2.325
C18 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + 28845.04 7033.90 0.00 217657 -93582.15 21.41 2.87 2.326
G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.0 x
C19 28708.68 7028.00 0.00 217322 -93521.61 -5.53 2.86 2.324
F ep + 0.20 x Q + 0.2 x
C20 28763.93 7038.80 0.00 217450 -93632.42 51.79 2.86 2.322
F h + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x
C21 F cf + 1.0 x V c + 1.0 x 28819.56 7052.30 0.00 217577 -93770.93 47.70 2.86 2.320

STABILITY CHECK:
Basic Combination Accident Combination Seismic Combination
Details
Actual Limit Check Actual Limit Check Actual Limit Check
FOS against
3.18 2.00 SAFE 2.736 2.00 SAFE 2.32 1.50 SAFE
Overturning
FOS against
2.06 1.50 SAFE 3.90 1.50 SAFE 2.86 1.25 SAFE
Sliding

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 163 Mukesh & Associates

ESTABLISHING STABILITY OF ABUTMENT FOUNDATION

LOADS & COMBINATIONS AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION, RL
Load IDs
(+) 262.323
& LCs
Load Details P, kN HL HT M LRestoring M LDestabilizing MT Size of Foundation
G1 Self Weight of Abutment System 10240.64 0.00 0.00 51807.84 0.00 Width 10 m
G2 Super-structure Dead Load Length 16.00 m
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Materials Used
Span existing Condition 2043.80 0.00 0.00 5109.51 0.00 Concrete, M 30
G3 Back-fill Weight 25809.68 0.00 0.00 158631.65 0.00 Steel, Fe 500
2
Fep Earth Pressure 0.00 5154.18 0.00 -24275.55 0.00 Foundation Area 160.00 m
3
G4 SIDL, other than W/C 472.68 0.00 0.00 1181.70 0.00 ZL 266.67 m
3
G5 Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 185.62 0.00 0.00 464.05 0.00 ZT 426.67 m
FPLL 64.21 0.00 0.00 -160.52 0.00
Q Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 688.54 0.00 0.00 1721.36 287.64
70RW + Class A 942.84 0.00 0.00 2357.10 -378.57
70RT 670.93 0.00 0.00 1677.32 284.69
70RT + Class A 925.23 0.00 0.00 2313.06 107.04 p4 16.00 p 3 Heel
Class A - One Lane 254.30 0.00 0.00 635.74 -27.65
Class A - Two Lanes 510.61 0.00 0.00 1276.52 258.93
Class A - Three Lanes 763.81 0.00 0.00 1909.53 238.51
Fh Breaking Forces
70R W 36.96 100.00 0.00 -1026.01 0.00 10.00
70RW + Class A 41.95 113.50 0.00 -1164.52 0.00
70RT 25.88 70.00 0.00 -718.21 0.00 ML
70RT + Class A 30.87 83.50 0.00 -856.72 0.00
Class A - One Lane 19.96 54.00 0.00 -554.05 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 39.92 108.00 0.00 -1108.09 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 64.87 175.50 0.00 -1800.65 0.00
Ff Bearing Friction Effects 0.00 75.12 0.00 36857.05 0.00 p2 p 1 Toe
Fcf Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure 0.00 1103.09 0.00 -6185.01 0.00
W Wind Forces 99.94 39.22 156.90 391.50 1566.00
Vc Buoyancy Effects -10169.24 0.00 0.00 -62366.02 0.00
Ff Vehicular Collision Load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
F sei Seismic Forces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 429.72 0.00 -7284.11 0.00
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 0.00 0.00 429.72 0.00 7284.11
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 0.00 0.00 57.48 0.00 713.54
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.00 78.71 0.00 977.06
70RT 0.00 0.00 56.01 0.00 695.28
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.00 77.24 0.00 958.81
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.00 21.23 0.00 263.53
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.00 42.62 0.00 529.14
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.00 63.76 0.00 791.54
Due to Backfill 0.00 1418.29 0.00 -6679.96 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 164 Mukesh & Associates

Pu HL HT M UL - Restoring M UL - Destabilizing M UT X e M UL Contact Pressure Details, kN/m 2

Load LCs Load Combination Details
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm m m kN.m. P u /A M uL /Z L M uT /Z T p1 p2 p3 p4 p max p min

C1 52163.71 9315.19 235.34 296567.82 -12225.33 2780.47 5.45 -0.45 -23524 326.02 -88.21 6.52 244.33 231.29 420.75 407.72 420.75 231.29
C2 52550.90 9330.72 235.34 297521.43 -12384.62 1781.15 5.43 -0.43 -22382 328.44 -83.93 4.17 248.68 240.33 416.55 408.20 416.55 240.33
REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010:
C3 52124.54 9280.69 235.34 296501.76 -11871.36 2776.04 5.46 -0.46 -24008 325.78 -90.03 6.51 242.26 229.24 422.31 409.30 422.31 229.24
COMBINATION (1) - 1.35 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) +
C4 1.75 x G5+ 1.5 x F ep + 1.5 x Q + 1.15 x F h + 1.15 x 52511.72 9296.22 235.34 297455.38 -12030.64 2509.57 5.44 -0.44 -22866 328.20 -85.75 5.88 248.33 236.57 419.83 408.06 419.83 236.57
C5 F f + 1.15 x F cf + 1.2 x F cp + 1.5 x W + 0.15 x V c 51492.79 9262.29 235.34 294939.40 -11682.57 2307.52 5.50 -0.50 -25793 321.83 -96.72 5.41 230.51 219.70 423.96 413.14 423.96 219.70
C6 51900.21 9324.39 235.34 295900.56 -12319.72 2737.39 5.46 -0.46 -24080 324.38 -90.30 6.42 240.49 227.66 421.09 408.26 421.09 227.66
C7 52308.71 9402.02 235.34 296850.07 -13116.17 2706.77 5.42 -0.42 -22190 326.93 -83.21 6.34 250.06 237.37 416.49 403.80 416.49 237.37
C8 38353.24 8029.63 203.96 219941.46 -11427.61 2409.74 5.44 -0.44 -16747.6 239.71 -62.80 5.65 182.55 171.26 308.16 296.86 308.16 171.26
C9 38688.82 8043.13 203.96 220767.93 -11566.13 1543.67 5.41 -0.41 -15757.7 241.81 -59.09 3.62 186.33 179.10 304.51 297.28 304.51 179.10
REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010:
C10 38319.25 7999.63 203.96 219884.22 -11119.81 2405.90 5.45 -0.45 -17168.1 239.50 -64.38 5.64 180.75 169.48 309.51 298.24 309.51 169.48
COMBINATION (2) - 1.00 x (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) +
C11 1.0 x G5 + 1.3 x F ep + 1.30 x Q + 1.0 x F h + 1.0 x 38654.83 8013.13 203.96 220710.68 -11258.32 2174.96 5.42 -0.42 -16178.2 241.59 -60.67 5.10 186.02 175.83 307.36 297.16 307.36 175.83
C12 F f + 1.0 x F cf + 1.3 x W + 1.0 x Fcp + 0.15 x V c 37771.72 7983.63 203.96 218530.17 -10955.65 1999.85 5.50 -0.50 -18715.9 236.07 -70.18 4.69 170.58 161.20 310.95 301.57 310.95 161.20
C13 38124.88 8037.63 203.96 219363.18 -11509.69 2372.40 5.45 -0.45 -17229.1 238.28 -64.61 5.56 179.23 168.11 308.45 297.33 308.45 168.11
C14 38479.00 8105.13 203.96 220186.08 -12202.25 2345.87 5.41 -0.41 -15588.8 240.49 -58.46 5.50 187.53 176.54 304.45 293.45 304.45 176.54
C15 37815.05 7257.82 0.00 218485.77 -41825.83 215.73 4.67 0.33 12415.3 236.34 46.56 0.51 283.41 282.40 190.29 189.28 283.41 189.28
C16 REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010: SEISMIC 37942.57 7260.52 0.00 218962.57 -41853.54 -283.92 4.67 0.33 12603.8 237.14 47.26 -0.67 283.74 285.07 189.21 190.54 285.07 189.21
C17 (LONG.)/ACCIDENTAL COMBINATION - 1.00 x 37735.42 7251.82 0.00 218452.74 -41764.27 213.52 4.68 0.32 11988.6 235.85 44.96 0.50 281.30 280.30 191.39 190.39 281.30 190.39
C18 (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.0 x F ep + 0.75 37927.14 7254.52 0.00 218929.55 -41791.98 80.28 4.67 0.33 12498.1 237.04 46.87 0.19 284.10 283.72 190.36 189.99 284.10 189.99
x Q + 0.2 x F h + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x F cf + 0.2 x Fcp +
C19 37421.76 7248.62 0.00 217671.56 -41731.44 -20.74 4.70 0.30 11168.7 233.89 41.88 -0.05 275.72 275.82 191.95 192.05 275.82 191.95
0.15 x V c + 1.0 x F sei
C20 37617.99 7259.42 0.00 218152.14 -41842.25 194.19 4.69 0.31 11780.0 235.11 44.18 0.46 279.74 278.83 191.39 190.48 279.74 190.48
C21 37812.88 7272.92 0.00 218626.89 -41980.76 178.89 4.67 0.33 12418.3 236.33 46.57 0.42 283.32 282.48 190.18 189.34 283.32 189.34
C22 37750.85 5409.82 487.19 218485.77 -27701.25 8213.37 5.05 -0.05 -2030.3 235.94 -7.61 19.25 247.58 209.08 262.81 224.31 262.81 209.08
C23 REFER TABLE 3.4 of IRC:6 - 2010: SEISMIC 37942.57 5412.52 508.42 218962.57 -27728.95 7977.25 5.04 -0.04 -1520.8 237.14 -5.70 18.70 250.13 212.74 261.54 224.15 261.54 212.74
C24 (TRANS.)/ACCIDENTAL COMBINATION - 1.00 x 37735.42 5403.82 485.72 218452.74 -27639.69 8192.91 5.06 -0.06 -2136.0 235.85 -8.01 19.20 247.04 208.63 263.06 224.65 263.06 208.63
C25 (G1 + G2 + G3 + G4) + 1.0 x G5 + 1.0 x F ep + 0.75 37927.14 5406.52 506.95 218929.55 -27667.39 8323.20 5.04 -0.04 -1626.5 237.04 -6.10 19.51 250.45 211.44 262.65 223.64 262.65 211.44
x Q + 0.2 x F h + 0.2 x F f + 0.2 x F cf + 0.2 x Fcp +
C26 37421.76 5400.62 450.94 217671.56 -27606.86 7526.89 5.08 -0.08 -2955.9 233.89 -11.08 17.64 240.44 205.16 262.61 227.33 262.61 205.16
0.15 x V c + 1.0 x F sei
C27 37617.99 5411.42 472.34 218152.14 -27717.67 8007.44 5.06 -0.06 -2344.5 235.11 -8.79 18.77 245.09 207.55 262.67 225.14 262.67 207.55
C28 37812.88 5424.92 493.48 218626.89 -27856.18 8254.53 5.05 -0.05 -1706.3 236.33 -6.40 19.35 249.28 210.59 262.08 223.38 262.08 210.59

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 165 Mukesh & Associates

Width of Foundation = 10.000 m

Width of Heel Slab = 6.800 m
Width of Stem at Foundation Top = 0.700 m SOIL SIDE TOE SIDE
Width of Toe Slab = 2.500 m
Thickness of Foundation Pad 150 150
At Tip of Heel = 750 mm

0
At the face of stem-Heel side = 750 mm
At the face of stem-Toe side = 750 mm

750

750
At Effective Depth away from Face of Stem - Toe = 750 mm
At the tip of side
Toe = 750 mm 663 1838
Diameter of Reinforcement in Heel slab = 20 mm 6800 700 2500
Diameter of Reinforcement in Toe slab = 25 mm Critical Section for Flexure & Shear on Heel Side Slab Critical Section for Toe side Wide Beam Shear
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d effective - Heel = 665 mm Critical Section for Toe Side Flexure
d effective - Toe = 662.5 mm
d effective @ d eff away on Toe side = 663 mm
Shear Span on Toe side = 1.838 m
tan (b) = 0.0000 161.20
Height of Soil fill on Heel Slab = 2 2

358.3

375.7
10.464 m kN/m 339.878 423.96 kN/m
Ht. of Soil fill on Toe slab (below scour level) = 2.750 m
3
Unit Weight of Soil Overburden = 20 kN/m
3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m

Design of Heel Slab: Design of Toe Slab:

Case (i)
2 2
Maximum pressure = 161.20 kN/m Upward Maximum pressure = 424.0 kN/m Upward
= 161.20138 kN/m Upward = 423.961 kN/m Upward
Maximum Load due to earth = 10.464 x 20 x 1.35 Max BM for the heel slab = 423.961 kNm Upward
= 282.528 kN/m Downward
= 282.528 kN/m Downward
Self weight of base slab = 0.75 x 25 x 1.35 Base slab spanning between counterforts
= 25.31 kN/m Downward Spacing of counterforts = 5.517 m
Total Load on foundation = 161.2 - 282.528 - 25.3125 Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12
Max BM for the heel slab = 146.6391 kNm (Downward) Mu = 423.961x5.517²/12
Support moment = 1075.35 tm
Case (ii) = WL²/24
2
Maximum pressure = 240.3348 kN/m Upward Mu = 423.961x5.517²/24
= 240.33482 kN/m Upward Span moment = 537.68 tm
Total Load on foundation = 240.33 - 282.528 - 25.313 Mu Support moment = 1075.35 kNm
Max BM for the heel slab = 16.8807 kNm (Downward) Mu Span moment = 537.68 kNm
Base slab spanning between counterforts Maximum Factored shear force
Spacing of counterforts = 5.517 m = WL / 2
Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12 = 423.961 x 5.517 / 2
Mu = 146.639 x 5.517²/12 = 1169.50 kN
Support moment = 371.94 kNm 1169.50
= WL²/24 1052.9 Shear Force Diagram
Mu = 146.639 x 5.517²/24 0.275 2.4835
Span moment = 185.97 kNm
Mu Support moment = 371.94 kNm 2.7585 2.7585
Mu Span moment = 185.97 kNm 5.517

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 166 Mukesh & Associates

(fck) = 30 MPa (fck) = 30 MPa

DESIGN OF SECTIONS DESIGN OF SECTIONS

Design Moment(Sagging) = 371.9 KNm Design Moment(Sagging) = 1075.4 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm
Depth of beam, D = 750 mm Depth of beam, D = 750 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos No of layers = 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 20 mm Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 653 mm deff provided = 650.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.0814 Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.23706
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 305.3163 mm Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 519.145 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm' Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 273.7839 mm Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 272.736 mm
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 54.9851 mm Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 172.507 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
2 2
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 1355.711 mm Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 4253.34 mm
2 2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 975.00 mm Minimum Reinf.reqd = 975.00 mm
Dia of bars = 20 mm Dia of bars = 25 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 Nos Spacing of Bars = 100 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
2 2
Reinf provided = 2094.4 mm Reinf provided = 4908.7 mm
Reinf provided is = Safe Reinf provided is = Safe
Distribution Reinf provided is = Safe Distribution Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 84.9446 mm Neutral axis depth (x) = 199.089 mm
NA is = Safe NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 563.686 KNm Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1218.36 KNm
MR = Safe MR = Safe
Margin = 1.516 Margin = 1.133

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 167 Mukesh & Associates

n
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X . (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011) Shear Force Diagram
Maximum Factored shear force = WL / 2
= 146.639 x 5.517 / 2 404.50 364.17
= 404.50 kN
MEd 0.275 2.4835 Heel Side
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement 2.7585 2.7585
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts 5.517
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
HEEL SIDE : TOE SIDE :
VEd = 364.17 KN VEd = 1052.91 KN
VPd = 0 KN VPd = 0 KN
VNs = 364.174642 KN VNs = 1052.91 KN
fck = 30 Mpa fck = 30 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa fyk = 500 Mpa
K = 1.548 K = 1.548
d = 0.67 m d = 0.67 m
bw = 1.00 m bw = 1.00 m
bwc = 1.00 m bwc = 1.00 m
2 2
Asl = 2094 mm Asl = 4909 mm
2 2
Asc = 0 mm Asc = 0 mm
3 3
S = (Ay)c = 0.44223 m S = (Ay)c = 0.43891 m
4 4
I = 0.02451 m I = 0.02451 m
scp = 0 MPa scp = 0 MPa
fywd = 434.7826 MPa fywd = 434.783 MPa
fcd = 13.40 MPa fcd = 13.40 MPa
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.33 fctd = fctk/gm = 2.33
acw = 1 acw = 1
n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) = 0.54194 n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) = 0.54194
r1= = 0.00315 r1= = 0.00738
q deg = 45 q deg = 45
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2 For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
^0.33 ^0.33
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck) + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck) + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 242.3325 KN VRd,c = 321.805 KN
= 0.3644 = 0.4839
Vmin = 217.5566 KN Vmin = 217.557 KN
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd] VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0 KN VRd,c = 0 KN
VRd,c = 242.333 kN VRd,c = 321.805 kN
VEd, < 2414.59 VEd, < 2414.59
VEd, actual = 364.174642 kN VEd, actual = 1052.91 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd
VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq) VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max = 2173.134194 kN VRd,max = 2173.13 kN
rmin = 0.00078872 . rmin = 0.00079 .
2 2
Asw min = 86.75925311 mm Asw min = 86.7593 mm
n1 = 0.541935484 n1 = 0.54194
Asw max 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd) Asw max 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2 2
Asw max = 918.6348387 mm Asw max = 918.635 mm
2 2
Asw required = 51.50552699 mm Asw required = 309.056 mm
s = spacing of stirrups = 110 mm s = spacing of stirrups = 110 mm
diameter of stirrup = 10 mm diameter of stirrup = 10 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 1 Nos No. of legs for stirrups = 1 Nos
diameter of stirrup = 0 mm diameter of stirrup = 0 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 0 Nos No. of legs for stirrups = 0 Nos
2 2
Asw provided = 713.9983304 mm Asw provided = 713.998 mm
Shear reinft provided = Safe Shear reinft provided = Safe
VRd,s = 1689.043481 kN VRd,s = 1689.04 kN

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 168 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Report Volume II of VI (Part
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh II(B))

DESIGN OF UPRIGHT SLAB :

Height of Upright slab = 7.572 m

Maximum Spacing of counterfort (L) = 5.517 m
Pressure intensity due to Earth Pressure = ka x γ x h
@ bottom of upright slab W = 0.275 x 2 x 11.214
= 6.17 t/m²
Surcharge = ka x γ x h
= 0.275 x 2 x 1.2
= 0.660
Under Ultimate load condition = 6.168 x 1.5 + 0.66 x 1.2"
W = 10.04 t/m²
Max BM for the upright slab for the bottom 1m strip
Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12
Mu = 10.04x5.517²/12
Support moment = 25.47 tm
= WL²/24
Mu = 10.04x5.517²/24
Span moment = 12.73 tm
Mu Support moment = 254.66 kNm
Mu Span moment = 127.33 kNm

Maximum shear force = WL / 2

= 10.04 x 5.517 / 2
= 27.70 t

Overall thickness = 700 mm

Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 16 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 110 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm
Calculation for depth required:
Eff. Depth Provided = 700 - 75 - 16 / 2
= 700 - 75 - 8
= 617 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 254.66 x E6
0.1658x30x1000

= 51198.23
d = 226.27 mm < 617.0 mm
Hence Ok...

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 169 Mukesh & Associates

Min. Ast required =

0.13/100xbxd
=
0.13/100x1000x617
=
802.1 mm²
x/d =
0.456
x =
0.456 d
Ast =
M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 254.66 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 617-(0.416 x 0.456 x 617))
= 1171.54 mm²
Provide 16# ,110 C/C spacing on Both faces Horizontally
Area of 16Ø = 201.1 mm²
= 1827.8 mm² > 1171.5 mm²
Hence Ok…
Vertical Reinforcement:
0.13% b D = 0.13%x1000x617
= 802.10 mm²
Size of rod provided = 12 mm
Area of one rod = 113 mm²
Spacing of rods = 110 mm
(113.04x1000)/110 = 1027.64 mm² > 802 mm²
Hence Ok…
Provide12 # rods @ 110 mm C/C Both faces Vertically

VEd = 277 KN
VPd = 0 KN
VNs = 277 KN
fck = 30 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa
K = 1.569341
d = 0.617 m
bw = 1.00 m
bwc = 1.00 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 170 Mukesh & Associates

2
Asl = 1827.8 mm
2
Asc = 0 mm
S = (Ay)c = 0.49 m3
I = 0.028583 m4
scp = 0 MPa
fywd = 434.7826 MPa
fcd = 13.4 MPa
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.33
acw = 1
n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) = 0.541935
r1= = 0.002962
q deg = 45
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 223.2824 KN
= 0.361884
Vmin = 205.9603 KN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0 KN
VRd,c = 223.2824 kN
VEd, < 2240.307
VEd, actual = 277 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd

VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max = 2016.276 kN
rmin = 0.000789 .
2
Asw min = 173.5185 mm
n1 = 0.541935
Asw max 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
2
Asw max = 1837.27 mm
2
Asw required = 48.9485 mm
s = spacing of stirrups = 220 mm
diameter of stirrup = 12 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 1 Nos
diameter of stirrup = 0 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 0 Nos
Asw provided = 514.0788 mm2
Shear reinft provided = Safe
VRd,s = 564.1659 kN
Hence Ok

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 171 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT COUNTERFORTS :

Counter fort Base width = 6.800 m i.e. 6800 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.550 m i.e. 550 mm
Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 7.572 m
Counterfort spacing l = 5.517 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm
Earth pressure = 11.214 m
Surcharge = 1.200 m
Pressure intensity due to Earth Pressure = 0.275 x 2 x 11.214
2
= 6.17 t/m
= 1 /2 x 6.168 x 11.214
= 34.58 t
Pressure intensity due to Surcharge = 0.275 x 2 x 1.2
2
= 0.66 t/m
= 1 x 0.66 x 11.214
= 7.40 t
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h
= 4.71 m
Maximum B.M per m width = ( 34.58 + 7.402) x 4.71
= 197.73 tm

Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 197.73 x 5.517

= 1090.88 tm
= 10908.8 kNm

Effective depth available = (6800-75-25/2)

= 6712.50 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 10908.76 x E6
0.1658x30x550

= 3987557.1
d = 1996.89 mm < 6712.5 mm
Hence Ok...

(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.7826 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.600
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.8261
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.451613

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 172 Mukesh & Associates

Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]

0.004174
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.400
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Design Moment(Sagging) = 10908.8 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 550 mm
Depth of beam, D = 6800 mm
No of layers = 3 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 6650.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.041832
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 2229.564 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm = 3033.231
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 283.0219
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 3838.00 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 4862.00 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Nos = 12 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 5890.5 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 434.376 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 16587.48 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.521

Provide 25# - 12 nos in 3 layers

Connection between the counterfort and the upright slab:

Consider the bottom 1 m deep strip of the upright slab.(horizontal stirrups)
Lateral Pressure transferred to counterfort = wH(1-sin30/1+sin30)
for 1m strip at bottom = 2 x 11.214 x (1-sin30/1+sin30)
= 7.45 t/m²
Maximum Spacing between counterforts = 5.520 m
Maximum Pressure acting between counterforts = 7.45 x 5.52
= 41.12 t/m
= 61.68 t/m (41.12x1.5)
Steel required per metre length = 61.68x10^4/0.87x500
= 1417.93 mm²

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 173 Mukesh & Associates

Width of counter fort = 550 mm

Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 150 mm
Area of one rod = 113.04 mm²
Ast Provided = 753.6 mm²
Ast Provided (for two legged) = 753.6 x 2 mm²
= 1507.2 mm² > 1417.93 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 150mm c/c .

Connection between the counter fort and Foundation:

Base width of Foundation = 10 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
11.214 x 6.8 x 5.517 x 2 = 841.4 t
DL of soil per m length = 841.4/10
= 84.14 t/m
= 126.21 t/m (84.14x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 126.21x10^4/0.87x500
= 2901.38 mm²
Size of rod = 16 mm
Spacing of rod = 125 mm
Area of one rod = 200.96 mm²
Ast Provided = 1607.68 mm²
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 1607.68 x 2
= 3215.36 mm² > 2901.38 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 16mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 125mm c/c .

DESIGN OF RETURNWALL MID COUNTERFORTS :

Counter fort Base width = 3.550 m i.e. 3550 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.500 m i.e. 500 mm

Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 11.214 m
Counterfort spacing l = 3.150 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm

Earth pressure = 11.214 m

Surcharge = 1.200 m
Earth pressure = 0.275 x 2 x 11.214
= 6.168 t/m²
= 1 /2 x 6.168 x 11.214
= 34.58 t
Surcharge = 0.275 x 2 x 1.2
= 0.660 t/m²
= 1 x 0.66 x 11.214
7.4 t
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h
= 4.71 m
Maximum B.M per m width = ( 34.58 + 7.4 ) x 4.71
= 197.73 tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 174 Mukesh & Associates

Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 197.73 x 3.15

= 622.85 tm
= 6110.2 kNm

Effective depth available = (3550-75-25/2)

= 3462.50 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 6110.15 x E6
0.1658x30x500

= 2456835.5

d = 1567.43 mm < 3462.5 mm

Hence Ok...
(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.7826 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.8261
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.451613
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]
0.004174
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Design Moment = 6110.2 KNm

Width of beam, Bf = 500 mm
Depth of beam, D = 3550.0 mm
No of layers = 3 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 3400.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.098583
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 1750.066
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1550.936 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 349.609 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 175 Mukesh & Associates

Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 4310.0 mm2

Minimum Reinf.reqd = 2307.50 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Nos = 10 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 4908.7 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 398.178 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 6917.541 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.132

Provide 25# - 10 nos in 3 layers

Connection between the counterfort and the Returnwall :

Consider the bottom 1 m deep strip of the returnwall.(horizontal stirrups)
Lateral Pressure transferred to counterfort = wH(1-sin30/1+sin30)
for 1m strip at bottom = 2 x 0.275 x 2 x 11.214 x (1-sin30/1+sin30)
= 7.4461 t/m²
Maximum Spacing between counterforts = 3.150 m
Maximum Pressure acting between counterforts = 7.45 x 3.15
= 23.46 t/m
= 35.19 t/m (23.46x1.5)
Steel required per metre length = 35.19 x 10^4/0.87 x 500
= 808.97
Width of counter fort = 500 mm
Size of rod = 10 mm
Spacing of rod = 150 mm
2
Area of one rod = 78.5 mm
2
Ast Provided = 523.333 mm
Ast Provided (for two legged) 523.333333333333
= x2
1046.667 mm² > 808.97 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 10mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 150mm c/c .

Connection between the counter fort and Foundation:

Base width of Foundation = 6.8 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
0.275 x 2 x 11.214x3.55x3.15 x 11.214= 250.801 t
DL of soil per m length = 250.8 / 6.8
= 36.88 t/m
= 55.32 t/m (36.88x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 55.32 x 10^4 / 0.87 x 500
= 1271.72 mm²
Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 150 mm
Area of one rod = 113.04 mm²
Ast Provided = 753.6 mm²
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 753.6 x 2
= 1507.2 mm² > 1271.72 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 150mm c/c .

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 176 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF RETURNWALL END COUNTERFORTS :

Counter fort Base width = 3.550 m i.e. 3550 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.500 m i.e. 500 mm
Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 11.214 m
Counterfort spacing l = 1.575 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm

Earth pressure = 11.214 m

Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 197.73 x 1.575

= 311.42 tm
= 3114.25 kNm

Effective depth available = (3550-75-20/2)

= 3465.00 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 3114.25 x E6
0.1658x30x500

= 1252211.5
d = 1119.02 mm < 3465.0 mm
Hence Ok...

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 177 Mukesh & Associates

Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]

0.004174
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Design Moment = 3114.25 KNm

Width of beam, Bf = 500 mm
Depth of beam, D = 3550 mm
No of layers = 2 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 20 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 3433 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.049299
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 1249.411
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1565.759 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 172.721 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 2129.3 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 2308 mm2
Dia of bars = 20 mm
Nos = 8 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 2513.3 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 203.8671 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 3662.226 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.176

Provide 20# - 8 nos in 2 layers

Connection between the counterfort and the Returnwall:

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 178 Mukesh & Associates

Width of counter fort = 500 mm

Size of rod = 10 mm
Spacing of rod = 200 mm
Area of one rod = 78.5 mm²
Ast Provided = 392.5 mm²
Ast Provided (for two legged) = 392.5 x 2 mm²
= 785 mm² > 404.48 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 10mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 200mm c/c .

Connection between the counter fort and Foundation:

Base width of Foundation = 6.8 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
0.275 x 2 x 11.214x3.55x1.575x 2 = 125.4 t
DL of soil per m length = 125.4/6.8
= 18.44 t/m
= 27.66 t/m (18.44x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 27.66x10^4/0.87x500
= 635.86 mm²
Size of rod = 10 mm
Spacing of rod = 200 mm
Area of one rod = 78.5 mm²
Ast Provided = 392.5 mm²
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 392.5 x 2
= 785 mm² > 635.86 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 10mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 200mm c/c .

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT FRONT RIB :

Counter fort Base width = 2.500 m i.e. 2500 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.550 m i.e. 550 mm

Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 1.600 m
Counterfort spacing l = 5.517 m
2
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm
2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm

2
Maximum Pressure = 42.396 t/m
Self weight = 0.550 x 2.5
2
= 1.375 t/m
Moment at the face of stem = 128.1911
= 1257.6 kNm

Effective depth available = (2500-75-20/2)

= 2415.00 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 179 Mukesh & Associates

= 1257.55 x E6
0.1658x30x550

= 459681.3
d = 678.00 mm < 2415.0 mm
Hence Ok...
(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.7826 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.8261
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.451613
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002]
0.004174
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
MID RIB END RIB
Design Moment = 1257.6 KNm 628.78 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 550 mm 550 mm
Depth of beam, D = 2500 mm 2500 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 20 mm 20 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm 12 mm
deff provided = 2403 mm 2403 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.036937 0.0185
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 756.9982 535.28
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1095.986 mm 1096 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 90.111 mm 44.712 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe Safe
2 2
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 1222.0 mm 606.34 mm
2 2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 1787.50 mm 1787.5 mm
Dia of bars = 20 mm 20 mm
Nos = 6 Nos 6 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm 150 mm
2 2
Reinf provided = 1885.0 mm 1885 mm
Reinf provided is = Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 139.0003 mm 139 mm
NA is = Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1923.802 KNm 1923.8 KNm
MR = Safe Safe
Margin = 1.530 3.060
Provide 20# - 6 nos in 1 layers

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 180 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF RETURN WALL :

(Refered from "Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain by WARREN C. YOUNG)" (page.-514)
Return wall = a x b
= 2.900 x 11.214
0 t/m²
2.9

11.214 m
11.214 11.214+ 1.2

q=
6.83 t/m²
Rectangular plate; two adjacent edges are fixed
and two remaining edges are free.

Case 10d. a/b = 2.9 / 11.214

= 0.26

Earth Pressure = 11.214

= 2.9 x 11.214
Earth Pressure , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.2750 x 2.0 x 11.214
q = 6.17 t/m²
Surcharge = 1.2 m
Surcharge , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.2750 x 2.0 x 1.2
= 0.66 t/m²
For Back fill & Surcharge:
based on a / b
Table Ref: = Table: 11.4, Case 10d
b1 = 0.020 ( Vertical pressure co efficeient )
b2 = 0.021 ( Horizontal pressure co efficeient )
q = 6.83 t/m² / m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 181 Mukesh & Associates

M = σ.Z
σ = -(β q b2 / t2)
Z = a t2 / 6
Mb = -(β q b2 / t2) x a t2 / 6
= -(β q a b2 / 6)

Moment @ base Mb = -(β1 q a b2 / 6) x1/a

= -(0.02 x 6.17 x 2.9 x 11.214² / 6) x (1 / 2.9)
= -2.59 tm / m
Similarly
Moment @ face Mf = -(β2 q b3 / 6) x1/b
= -(0.021 x 6.17 x 11.214³ / 6) x (1 / 11.214)
= -2.72 tm / m
Return wall design for Vertical reinforcement

Factor as per IRC 6:2016 = 1.5 Table B.2 , IRC 6: 2016

= -2.59 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall Vertically = 3.88 tm
Mu Design moment = 38.80 kNm

Return wall design for Horizontal reinforcement

Factor as per IRC 6:2010 = 1.5 Table 3.2 , IRC 6: 2010

= -2.72 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall horizontally = 4.07 tm
Mu Design moment = 40.70 kNm
Overall thickness = 550 mm
Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm2
Steel Grade = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 125 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm

Calculation for depth required:

Eff. Depth Provided = 550 - 75 - 12 / 2
= 550 - 75-6
= 469 mm

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 38.8 x E6
0.1658x30x1000

= 7800.56

d = 88.32 mm < 469.0 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 182 Mukesh & Associates

(fck) = 30 MPa
(fywk) = 500 MPa
2
(fywk)/g = 434.7826 N/mm
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.6
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.8261
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.5
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.451613
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] 0.004174
=
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
Vertical Horizonatl
Design Moment = 38.8 KNm 40.70 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm 1000 mm
Depth of beam, D = 550 mm 550 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 12 mm 12 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm 12 mm
deff provided = 457 mm 457 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.01733 0.01818
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 98.61192 mm 101 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 208.4334 mm 208 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 7.976 mm 8.37 mm
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe Safe
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 196.6 mm2 206 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 715.00 mm2 715 mm2
Dia of bars Earth face = 12 mm 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 125 mm 125 mm
Dia of bars Outer face = 12 mm 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 125 mm 125 mm
Reinf provided = 904.8 mm2 905 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe Safe
Distribution reinf. = 715.00 mm2 715.00 mm2
Distribution reinf. Check Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 36.69609 mm 36.6961 mm
NA is = Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 174.0014 KNm 174.00 KNm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 183 Mukesh & Associates

Margin = 4.485 4.275

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
Shear/m run = 10.05 t
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
= 100.47 KN
VEd = 100 KN
VPd = 0
VNs = 100 KN
fck = 30 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
K = 1.603
d = 0.550 m
bw = 1.000 m
bwc = 1.000 m
Asl = 905 mm2
S = (Ay)c = 0.275 m3
I = 0.014 m4
scp = 0.0 MPA
fywd = 434.78 MPA
fcd = 13.40 MPA
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3
acw = 1.000
n = 0.528
r1= = 0.0016
q deg = 45.0

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 184 Mukesh & Associates

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 487.1 kN
= 0.30
Vmin = 189.5 kN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0.00 kN
VRd,c = 487 kN
VEd, < = 1946
VEd, actual = 100 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Not Reqd

DESIGN OF DIRT WALL:

Dirt wall design for Vertical reinforcement
Dirt wall = 300 x 2.092
Earth Pressure = 2.092 m
Surchrage = 1.200 m
Earth Pressure , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.28 x 2.0 x 2.092
Earth Pressure , q = 1.15 t/m
= 1.15 x 2.092 x 0.5
= 1.2 t - per 'm'
Surcharge , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.28 x 2 x 1.200
= 0.66 t/m
= 0.66 x 2.092 x 1
= 1.38 t - per 'm'
Lever arm = 0.88 (0.42 x h)
Moment due EP and Surcharge = 1.2 x 0.88
= 2.27 tm
Factor as per IRC 6:2016 = 1.5 Table B.2 , IRC 6: 2016
= 2.27 x 1.5
+ 1.38 x 1.2
Design moment for Dirt wall Vertically = 5.061 tm
Mu Design moment = 50.61 kNm
Overall thickness = 300 mm
Concrete Grade M35 = 30 N/mm2
Steel Grade Fe500 = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 150 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm

Calculation for depth required:

Eff. Depth Provided = 300 - 50 - 12 / 2
= 300 - 50-6
= 244 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 185 Mukesh & Associates

MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 50.61 x E6
0.1658x30x1000

= 10174.91
d = 100.87 mm < 244.0 mm
Hence Ok...
Area of steel required:
Min. Ast required = 0.13/100xbxd
= 0.13/100x1000x244
= 317.2 mm²

x/d =0.456 (ref. previous calculation)

x =0.456 d
Ast =
M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 50.61 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 244-(0.416 x 0.456 x 244))
= 552.67 mm²
Provide 12# ,150 C/C spacing on Earth face Vertically
Provide 10# ,150 C/C spacing on Outer face Vertically
Area of 12# = 113.1 mm²
= 754.0 mm² > 552.7 mm²
Hence Ok…

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Shear/m run = 2.72 t

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 186 Mukesh & Associates

VNs = 79 KN
fck = 30 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
K = 1.816
d = 0.300 m
bw = 1.000 m
bwc = 1.000 m
2
Asl = 754 mm
S = (Ay)c = 0.0 m3
I = 0.002 m4
scp = 0.0 MPA
fywd = 434.78 MPA
fcd = 13.40 MPA

fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3

acw = 1.000
n = 0.528
r1= = 0.0025
q deg = 45.0

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 720.3 kN
= 0.40
Vmin = 124.7 kN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0.00 kN
VRd,c = 720 kN
VEd, < = 1061
VEd, actual = 79 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Not Reqd

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 187 Mukesh & Associates

CRACK WIDTH FOR RETURN WALL

2
Concrete Grade fck = 30.00 N/mm
2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm
Service Stage Moment = 29.85 kNm
Allowable crackwidthwadm = 0.30 mm
Section depth d = 550 mm
Section width bt = 1000 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 75 mm
Bar spacing s = 125 mm
Bar diameter f = 12 mm
Effective depth h = 469 mm
2
Area of steel As = 905 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Moment of Inertia of = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 1715106797 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
compressive stress =
0.14 < 13.40 MPa Safe

stress in steel ( σsc) = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr

51.76 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(75+12/2)
<= 405 mm

Case 1: Spacing of bonded <= 5*(C+ф/2)

0.00 <= 405

bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

distribution of = 0.5 for bending
.
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ Eqn 12.8

= 663 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 188 Mukesh & Associates

Ac,eff is effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 202.5 mm or 180.7 mm or 275 mm
Therefore hc,eff 180.675 mm
Ac,eff = 180675 mm2

rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.00501

Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement

or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 0.00 < 405 mm

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1176202 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 663.00 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5

(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es

=
= 51.76 - 0.50 2.60 x 1.03
0.00501
= -0.00090 240000
Section is in Compression, Hence No Crack

>= 0.000129 >=0.6 σsc / Es

(esm-ecm) = -0.00090

Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= -0.5973 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section is in Compression, Hence No Crack (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 189 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT CAP:

Dead load of Dirt wall = 27.80 t

Length of Dirt wall = 16.00 m
Load per 'm' run = 27.8 / 16
= 1.74 t/m (Input for STAAD)
Dead weight of RCC Girder = 204.38 t (Input for STAAD)
Live load with Impact = 72.4467 t (Input for STAAD)
+ footpath Live load
Dead weight of Abutment cap = Self weight in Staad
Earth pressure = t/o road - b/o abutment cap
= 2.092 m
Surcharge = 1.2 m
Earth Pressure = Ka.γ.h
= 0.275x2x2.092
= 1.15068 t/m
= 1 /2 x 1.151 x 2.092
= 1.20 t
Surcharge = Ka.γ.h
= 0.275x2x1.2
= 0.66 t/m
= 1 x 0.66 x 1.2
= 0.79 t
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h
= 3.389 m
Maximum B.M per m width = 1.99 x 3.389
B.M due to E.P = 6.74 tm / m

Longitudinal load = 7.51 t

Lever arm, L.A. = 3.59 m
= 7.5116687954 x 3.592
= 26.98 tm
= 26.982 / 16
= 1.686 tm / m
Total moment = 6.74 + 1.686
= 8.43 tm / m (Input for STAAD)

From STAAD ANALYSIS : Considering all Load factors as per IRC :2016
Axial Shear-Y Shear-Z Torsion Moment-Y Moment-Z
Beam L/C Node Force Mton Mton MTon-m MTon-m MTon-m
3 4 3 0 91.859 0 130.13 0 79.359
Ultimate load factors applied
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM : ULS

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 190 Mukesh & Associates

Moment = 79.359 tm
= 793.6 kNm
Design of Abtument Cap:

Moment, Mu = 794 kNm

Torsion, Tu = 1301 kNm (cl. A4.6.2 3 - IRC 112-2011)
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mt = Tu (1 + D/B)
1.7
(1 + D/B) = 0.95
1.7
= 1301 x 0.95
= 1236.226 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
= 2030 kNm
Grade of Steel, Fe = 500 Mpa
Grade of Concrete , fck = 30 Mpa
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Bar @Top = 25 mm
Number of Bars used = 15 Nos.
Diameter of Main Bar @Bottom = 25 mm
Number of Bars used = 15 Nos.
Breadth, b = 1300 mm
Depth, D = 800 mm

Depth Required :

Eff. Depth Provided = 800 - 50 - 25 / 2

= 800 - 50-12.5
d = 737.5 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2

d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b

= 2029.82 x E6
0.1658x30x1300

= 313912.3

d = 560.28 mm < 738 mm

Hence Ok...

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 191 Mukesh & Associates

Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000

modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45161
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.00417
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.8
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.400
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Design Moment(Sagging) = 1236.2 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 1300 mm
Depth of beam, D = 800 mm
No of layers = 1 Nos
Dia of Main. Bar = 25 mm
cover to reinf. = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 12 mm
deff provided = 700.5 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.18078
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 488.192 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm = 319.492
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 137.417
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe mm
Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 4404.61 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 1352.00 mm2
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Nos = 15 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Spacing of Bars = 150 mm
Reinf provided = 7363.1 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 229.718 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1948.38 KNm
MR = Safe
Margin = 1.576

Provide 25# - 15 nos in "Top and Bottom

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 192 Mukesh & Associates

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Shear,V = 91.859 t = 919 kN

Torsional moment = 130.129 kN.m

Equivalent shear = V + 1.6 T (cl. A4.6.2 3 - IRC 112-2011)

= 918.59 + 1.6 x 130.13

1.3

= 918.59 + 160.159
= 1078.75 kN

Design S.F = 1078.8 kN

VEd = 1079 KN
VPd = 0
VNs = 1079 KN
fck = 35 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
K = 1.500
d = 0.800 m
bw = 1.000 m
bwc = 1.000 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 193 Mukesh & Associates

Asl = 0 mm2
S = (Ay)c = 0.320 m3
I = 0.043 m4
scp = 0.0 MPA
fywd = 434.78 MPA
fcd = 15.63 MPA
fctd = fctk/gm = 2.3
acw = 1.000
n = 0.516
r1= = 0.0000
q deg = 45.0

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c = 0.0 kN
= 0.00
Vmin = 269.5 kN
VRd,c (for prestress)
I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c = 0.00 kN
VRd,c = 270 kN
VEd, < = 3227
VEd, actual = 1079 kN
Shear Reinforcement is = Reqd
VRd,s = Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max = acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max = 2904 kN
rmin = 0.00085
2
Asw min = 170 mm
n1 = 0.52
Asw max =
2
Asw max = 1855.36 mm
2
Asw required = 517 mm
s = spacing of stirrups = 200 mm
diameter of stirrup = 16 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 2 Nos
diameter of stirrup = 10 mm
No. of legs for stirrups = 8 Nos
2
Asw provided = 5152 mm
Shear reinft provided Safe
VRd,s = 8064 KN

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 194 Mukesh & Associates

STAAD INPUT FOR ABUTMENTCAP :

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 11-May-17
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 5.1 0 0; 3 10.25 0 0; 4 15.35 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
1 TO 3 PRIS YD 1 ZD 1.565
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
1 TO 4 PINNED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -320 1.375
1 CON GY -320 4.025
2 CON GY -320 1.575
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
MEMBER LOAD
2 CON GY -320 4.225
3 CON GY -320 1.4
3 CON GY -320 4.05
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Live REDUCIBLE TITLE LL
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -120 1.375
1 CON GY -120 4.025
2 CON GY -120 1.575
2 CON GY -120 4.225
3 CON GY -120 1.4
3 CON GY -120 4.05
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Live REDUCIBLE TITLE MOMENT
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 3 UMOM GX 83
LOAD COMB 4 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 4
1 1.35 2 1.5 3 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 195 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN NOTE FOR SUPERSTRUCTURE

F.O.D To F.O.D = 18.00 m

Width of Expansion Joint (Each Side) = 20 mm
Projection of Girders beyond Bearing Line = 380 mm
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) = 17.96 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) = 17.200 m
Skew Angle = 30 Degrees

Carriage-way width = 11 m = 12.702 m

Footpath is Provided in Both side
crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of footpaths = 1.5 m = 1.732 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.5 m = 0.577 m
Width of Hand Rails = 0.5 m = 0.577 m
Overall width of deck = 16.00 m = 18.475 m

Depth of Construction = 1.650 m,Including Deck Slab

Girders Cast-in-situ Girders
Deck Slab In situ decking
Width of Bottom Bulb = 625
Top Flange Width, inner = 2600 mm
Top Flange Width, outer Cantilever porotion 1500 mm
Thickness of In-situ Deck Slab = 225 mm

Thickness of Webs of Longitudinal Girders 325 mm

Running Porotion =
No. of Longitudinal Girders = 6 Nos.
Spacing of Longitudinal Girders = 2600 mm,Inner to Inner Girder C/C
1500 mm,Cantilever

No. of Cross Girders = 3 Nos., at ends on bearing

Lines & @ Mid Span

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 196 Mukesh & Associates

Spacing of Cross Girders = 8.60 m

Thickness of Cross Girders
End = 400 mm
Middle = 400 mm
Depth of Cross Girders = 1400 mm
Bearings Neoprane (Elastomeric) Bearings
Design Loading for the Bridge Girder and deck Self Weight of Girders
Self Weight of Deck Slab
Wearing Coat - 75mm thick
Crash Barrier - 450mm thick, max.
One 70RW with Impact
Or One 70RT with Impact
Or Class - A Laoding with Impact

Materials used Concrete, M 30

Steel, Fe 500

Deck Slab Configuration:

Camber - Cross Slope = 2.00 %
Cross Slope is achieved by adequately adjusting the Bearing Pedestals

Presented in the following pages the detailed calculations for the Girders and Deck under
the above mentioned stage loadings and other Service Stage requirements.

The Girder - Deck System is analyzed and detailed design is done and the calculations and
drawings for various elements of the superstructure are provided.

Analysis of the Girder-Deck Slab suystem for various Dead Loads, SDLs and Vehicular Live
Loads with Impact Effects is done on a grillage model using Stad Analysis Program.

The Structural Elements are designed and detailed as per the stipulations of IRC:112-2011

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 197 Mukesh & Associates

CALCULATION OF SECTION PROPERTIES:

For Pre-Cast Inner Longitudinal Girder - Running Section:

1501 1501
225 1 2
150 3 4 150
300 300

1650
325

150 6 7
250 8
625

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1501 225 337725 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 408.39 5.63E+10 5.77E+10
2 1501 225 337725 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 408.39 5.63E+10 5.77E+10
3 300 150 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 245.89 1.36E+09 1.39E+09
4 300 150 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 245.89 1.36E+09 1.39E+09
5 325 1175 381875 812.50 3.10E+08 4.39E+10 291.61 3.25E+10 7.64E+10
6 150 150 11250 1350.00 1.52E+07 1.41E+07 829.11 7.73E+09 7.75E+09
7 150 150 11250 1350.00 1.52E+07 1.41E+07 829.11 7.73E+09 7.75E+09
8 625 250 156250 1525.00 2.38E+08 8.14E+08 1004.11 1.58E+11 1.58E+11
1281075 6.67E+08 3.69E+11
CG from top = 520.89 mm
CG from bottom = 1129.11 mm
B) About Vertical Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1501 225 337725 750.50 2.53E+08 6.34E+10 724.02 1.77E+11 2.40E+11
2 1501 225 337725 2251.50 7.60E+08 6.34E+10 -776.98 2.04E+11 2.67E+11
3 300 150 22500 200.00 4.50E+06 1.13E+08 1274.52 3.65E+10 3.67E+10
4 300 150 22500 1763.50 3.97E+07 1.13E+08 -288.98 1.88E+09 1.99E+09
5 325 1175 381875 1501.00 5.73E+08 3.36E+09 -26.48 2.68E+08 3.63E+09
6 150 150 11250 350.00 3.94E+06 1.41E+07 1124.52 1.42E+10 1.42E+10
7 150 150 11250 1713.50 1.93E+07 1.41E+07 -238.98 6.43E+08 6.57E+08
8 625 250 156250 1501.00 2.35E+08 5.09E+09 -26.48 1.10E+08 5.20E+09
1281075 1.89E+09 5.70E+11
CG from left end = 1474.5188 mm
C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1501 225 337725 5.161E+09
2 1501 225 337725 5.161E+09
3&4 150 300 45000 2.312E+08
5 325 1175 381875 1.110E+10
6&7 150 150 22500 6.244E+07
8 625 250 156250 2.435E+09
1281075 2.415E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1281075 mm 2 (OR) 1.2811 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0242 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.5701 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.3685 m 4

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 198 Mukesh & Associates

For Pre-Cast Inner Longitudinal Girder - End Section:

1501 1501
225 1 2
75 3 4 75
150 150

1650
625

625

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1501 225 337725 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 466.81 7.36E+10 7.50E+10
2 1501 225 337725 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 466.81 7.36E+10 7.50E+10
3 150 75 5625 250.00 1.41E+06 1.76E+06 329.31 6.10E+08 6.12E+08
4 150 75 5625 250.00 1.41E+06 1.76E+06 329.31 6.10E+08 6.12E+08
5 625 1425 890625 937.50 8.35E+08 1.51E+11 358.19 1.14E+11 2.65E+11
1577325 9.14E+08 4.16E+11
CG from top = 579.311 mm
CG from bottom = 1070.689 mm

B) About Vertical Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1501 225 337725 750.50 2.53E+08 6.34E+10 746.80 1.88E+11 2.52E+11
2 1501 225 337725 2251.50 7.60E+08 6.34E+10 -754.20 1.92E+11 2.56E+11
3 150 75 5625 100.00 5.63E+05 7.03E+06 1397.30 1.10E+10 1.10E+10
4 150 75 5625 1863.50 1.05E+07 7.03E+06 -366.20 7.54E+08 7.61E+08
5 625 1425 890625 1501.00 1.34E+09 2.90E+10 -3.70 1.22E+07 2.90E+10
1577325 2.36E+09 5.48E+11
CG from left end = 1497.2965 mm

C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1501 225 337725 5.161E+09
2 1501 225 337725 5.161E+09
3&4 150 75 11250 1.445E+07
5 625 1425 890625 8.392E+10
1577325 9.426E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1577325 mm 2 (OR) 1.5773 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0943 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.5480 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.4162 m 4

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 199 Mukesh & Associates

For Pre-Cast Outer Longitudinal Girder - Running Section:

1732 1501
225 1 2
150 3 4 150
450 300

1650
325

150 6 7
250 8
625

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1732 225 389700 112.50 4.38E+07 1.64E+09 390.54 5.94E+10 6.11E+10
2 1501 225 337725 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 390.54 5.15E+10 5.29E+10
3 450 150 33750 275.00 9.28E+06 4.22E+07 228.04 1.76E+09 1.80E+09
4 300 150 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 228.04 1.17E+09 1.20E+09
5 325 1175 381875 812.50 3.10E+08 4.39E+10 309.46 3.66E+10 8.05E+10
6 150 150 11250 1350.00 1.52E+07 1.41E+07 846.96 8.07E+09 8.08E+09
7 150 150 11250 1350.00 1.52E+07 1.41E+07 846.96 8.07E+09 8.08E+09
8 625 250 156250 1525.00 2.38E+08 8.14E+08 1021.96 1.63E+11 1.64E+11
1344300 6.76E+08 3.78E+11
CG from top = 503.04 mm
CG from bottom = 1146.96 mm
B) About Vertical Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1732 225 389700 866.00 3.37E+08 9.74E+10 763.41 2.27E+11 3.25E+11
2 1501 225 337725 2482.50 8.38E+08 6.34E+10 -853.09 2.46E+11 3.09E+11
3 450 150 33750 300.00 1.01E+07 3.80E+08 1329.41 5.96E+10 6.00E+10
4 300 150 22500 1994.50 4.49E+07 1.13E+08 -365.09 3.00E+09 3.11E+09
5 325 1175 381875 1732.00 6.61E+08 3.36E+09 -102.59 4.02E+09 7.38E+09
6 150 150 11250 500.00 5.63E+06 1.41E+07 1129.41 1.44E+10 1.44E+10
7 150 150 11250 1944.50 2.19E+07 1.41E+07 -315.09 1.12E+09 1.13E+09
8 625 250 156250 1732.00 2.71E+08 5.09E+09 -102.59 1.64E+09 6.73E+09
1344300 2.19E+09 7.26E+11
CG from left end = 1629.4108 mm
C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:
Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1732 225 389700 6.038E+09
2 1501 225 337725 5.161E+09
3&4 150 450 67500 3.999E+08
5 325 1175 381875 1.110E+10
6&7 150 150 22500 6.244E+07
8 625 250 156250 2.435E+09
1355550 2.520E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1344300 mm 2 (OR) 1.3443 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0252 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.7265 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.3777 m 4

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 200 Mukesh & Associates

For Pre-Cast Outer Longitudinal Girder - End Section:

1732 1501
225 1 2
150 3 4 75
300 150

1650
625

625

A) About Horizontal Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from top AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1732 225 389700 112.50 4.38E+07 1.64E+09 449.04 7.86E+10 8.02E+10
2 1501 225 337725 112.50 3.80E+07 1.42E+09 449.04 6.81E+10 6.95E+10
3 300 150.00 22500 275.00 6.19E+06 2.81E+07 286.54 1.85E+09 1.88E+09
4 150 75.00 5625 250.00 1.41E+06 1.76E+06 311.54 5.46E+08 5.48E+08
5 625 1425 890625 937.50 8.35E+08 1.51E+11 375.96 1.26E+11 2.77E+11
1646175 9.24E+08 4.29E+11
CG from top = 561.538 mm
CG from bottom = 1088.462 mm

B) About Vertical Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area Y from left AxY I Self X AX 2 I self + AX 2
1 1732 225 389700 866.00 3.37E+08 9.74E+10 795.26 2.46E+11 3.44E+11
2 1501 225 337725 2482.50 8.38E+08 6.34E+10 -821.24 2.28E+11 2.91E+11
3 300 150 22500 200.00 4.50E+06 1.13E+08 1461.26 4.80E+10 4.82E+10
4 150 75 5625 2094.50 1.18E+07 7.03E+06 -433.24 1.06E+09 1.06E+09
5 625 1425 890625 1732.00 1.54E+09 2.90E+10 -70.74 4.46E+09 3.34E+10
1646175 2.73E+09 7.18E+11
CG from left end = 1661.2612 mm

C) About LONGITUDINAL Axis:

Sl. No Width Depth Area I XX
1 1732 225 389700 6.038E+09
2 1501 225 337725 5.161E+09
3&4 300 150 45000 2.312E+08
5 625 1425 890625 8.392E+10
1663050 9.535E+10

Cross sectional area of the section = 1646175 mm 2 (OR) 1.6462 m 2

Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0954 m 4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.7177 m 4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.4288 m 4

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 201 Mukesh & Associates

END CROSS GIRDER/END DIAPHRAGM

1.400
0.4

2 2
Cross sectional area of the section = 560000 mm (OR) 0.5600 m
4
Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) = 0.0245 m
4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.0075 m
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) 4
= 0.0915 m

MIDDLE CROSS GIRDER

1.400

0.4

2 2
Cross sectional area of the section = 560000 mm (OR) 0.5600 m
Moment of inertia about XX (I XX ) 4
= 0.0245 m
4
Moment of inertia about YY (I YY ) = 0.0075 m
4
Moment of inertia about ZZ (I ZZ ) = 0.0915 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 202 Mukesh & Associates

Section Properties for Outer longitudianal Girders

Outer Girder End Section

1732 1501
225 Section Properties
2
150 75 A= 1.6462 m
4
300 150 Ixx = 0.0954 m
4
Iyy = 0.7177 m

1650
4
Izz = 0.4288 m
625

625

Outer Girder Mid Section

1732 1501
225 Section Properties
2
150 A= 1.3443 m
4
450 300 Ixx = 0.0252 m
4
Iyy = 0.7265 m
4
Izz = 0.3777 m
1650

325

150
Y 250

625
Z

Section Properties for Inner longitudianal Girder

Section Properties
2
Inner Girder End Section A= m
4
Izz = 0.060 m
4
1501 1501 Ixx = 0.722 m
225 Section Properties
2
150 300 300 A= 1.5773 m
4
Ixx = 0.0943 m
4
Iyy = 0.548 m
4
Izz = 0.4162 m
1650

625

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 203 Mukesh & Associates

Inner Girder Running Section

1501 1501
225
150 300 300 Section Properties
2
A= 1.2811 m
4
Ixx = 0.0242 m
4
Iyy = 0.5701 m
4
0.3685 m

1650
Izz =
325
150
250

625

Section Properties for Cross Girder

End Cross Girder Middle Cross Girder

1400

400 400

Section Properties Section Properties

2 2
A= 0.56 m A= 0.56 m
4 4
Ixx = 0.0245 m Ixx = 0.0245 m
4 4
Iyy = 0.0075 m Iyy = 0.0075 m
4 4
Izz = 0.0915 m Izz = 0.0915 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 204 Mukesh & Associates

Input Data
Outer Girder :
2
Area of girder at end section = 1.6462 m
Area of girder running section = 1.3443 m2
Load due to end section = 1.6462 x 25 = 41.155 kN/m
Load due to end section = 1.3443 x 25 = 33.608 kN/m

41.16
kN/m 33.608 kN/m

0.380 1.500 1.500 11.200 1.500 1.500 0.380

Dead Loading Details - Outer Girder

Inner Girder :
Area of girder at end section = 1.5773 m2
Area of girder running section = 1.2811 m2
Load due to end section = 1.5773 x 25 = 39.433
Load due to end section = 1.2811 x 25 = 32.028

39.43
kN/m 32.028 kN/m

0.380 1.500 1.500 11.200 1.500 1.500 0.380

Dead Loading Details - Inner Girder

The following loads were considered in the analysis of superstructure:

1 Superstructure Self Weight

1.A Superstructure - Longitudinal Girder Self Weight
Outer Girders
End Portion = 41.16 kN/m
Flaring Portion Varies from 41.16 to 33.608 kN/m
Running Portion = 33.608 kN/m

1.B Inner Girders

End Portion = 39.43 kN/m
Flaring Portion Varies from 39.43 to 32.028 kN/m
Running Portion = 32.028 kN/m

1.C Cross Girders

For End Cross Girders = 0.475625 x 25 = 11.89 kN/m
For Middle Cross Girders = 0.475625 x25 = 11.89 kN/m
Excluding Deck slab weight

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 205 Mukesh & Associates

2 Superimposed Dead Load

2.A Load due to crash barrier

500
50 175 175 50

Area of Cross Section of Crash Barrier = 500

250
250 0.310 m
2

Self Weight of Crash Barrier = 7.750 kN/m

Location of CG of Crash barrier = 0.750 m away from the
Longitudinal Girder
2.B Load due to Railing

Railing load due to kerbVertical post and 3Nos. Of Horizontal Member

= 7.710 Kn/m
Eccentricity = 1250
mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder

2.C Footpath Dead Load

Load on Girder 0.3m(Avg. Depth) x 1.5m (Breath) x 1m (Length) x 24(Unit Wt.)

= 10.8 kN/m
Eccentricity = 250 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder
Footpath Dead Load

Load on Girder 0.3m(Avg. Depth) x 1.5m (Breath) x 1m (Length) x 24(Unit Wt.)

= 10.8 kN/m
Eccentricity = 250 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder
3 Wearing Coat

3.A Load due to wearing coat ( Center Porotion)

Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Width of wearing coat
On Middle Longitudinal Girders = 2.6 m
= 2.6x0.075x25
Load on Girder = 4.875 kN/m
Eccentricity = 0m

3.B Load in Outer Girder near Platform = 0.300x 0.075 x 25

= 0.5625 kN/m
Eccentricity = 1150 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder

4 Footpath Live Load

As Per IRC 6 - 2016 Cl.206.3 Pg.- 25 = 3.5688889 Kn/m

Eccentricity = 250 mm away from the
Longitudinal Girder

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 206 Mukesh & Associates

6. Vehicular Live Loads:

A) CLASS A Loading:
All Loads are in kN
Impact factor = 4.5/( 6 + L) = 0.19397 %
Wheel Loads
with impact 16.12 16.12 68.06 68.06 40.59 40.59 40.59 40.59
Wheel Loads 13.5 13.5 57.0 57.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0
Axle Loas 27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68

Distance 1100 3200 1200 4300 3000 3000 3000

in mm

For Three - Class A

12200 Maximum case

9100 Maximum case

5200 maximum Case
2500 0.400 1800 1200 1200

1800
Platform Platform 4.7

B) CLASS 70R Wheeled Loading:

All Loads are in kN

Impact factor = 0.190 %
By Graph As Per IRC 6- 2014 Pg.No. 25 70 R Wheel
Wheel Loads
with impact 47.60 71.40 71.40 101.15 101.15 101.15 101.15
Wheel Loads 40.0 60.0 60.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0
Axle Loas 80 120 120 170 170 170 170

Distance 3960 1520 2130 1370 3050 1370

in mm

For The transverse disposition of the same are given below

12.2 m From End Handrail

2500
4.800 From End Hand Rail

Class A
70 R 1.2m Platform
Wheel Load
WheelLoa
d

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 207 Mukesh & Associates

Live Load Combinations considered are

1 Three Class A
2 One Class A + 70 R Wheel
Summary of forces
Depth of Beam = 1.650 m
Width of Beam = 0.325 m, Running Section
0.625 m, End Section
Internal Forces in Outer Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Girder +
1.35 412.19 744.94 1050.00 1236.81 1303.71
Deck
SIDL 1.35 298.26 489.81 654.33 733.79 750.96
Bending Moment, kNm W/C 1.75 23.92 39.01 54.12 65.52 73.61
FPLL 1.5 29.95 53.85 74.20 84.16 85.10
VLL 1.5 220.04 362.41 498.55 581.32 597.70
VLL Case 226 220 212 210 203
Girder +
1.35 16.33 17.37 17.42 18.68 -0.53
Deck
SIDL 1.35 129.45 100.57 71.01 43.93 -4.18
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.75 8.99 7.92 6.21 4.71 -0.27
FPLL 1.35 3.90 4.26 4.25 4.31 -0.58
VLL - BM 1.5 -71.91 -59.35 -36.27 -15.70 1.96
VLL - SF 1.5 -71.91 -59.35 -36.27 -18.96 -4.47
Girder +
1.35 313.29 251.09 194.77 131.72 69.23
Deck
SIDL 1.35 208.29 169.44 133.10 84.90 36.36
Shear Force, kN W/C 1.75 12.14 10.88 9.07 7.18 5.49
FPLL 1.35 23.26 19.21 14.83 9.22 4.45
VLL 1.5 113.83 102.806 84.853 66.13 47.711
VLL Case 226 220 212 205 198
Factored BM 1375.96 2359.56 3254.69 3773.20 3926.82
Design Factored Torsion For BM 109.94 89.79 81.56 75.03 -3.55
Equivqlent BM 274.19 430.68 391.20 359.86 17.05
Design Factored Torsion For Shear 109.94 89.79 81.56 70.15 -14.31
Equivqlent Shear Force 281.44 442.06 401.54 345.34 70.46
Factored Shear Force 927.53 766.90 605.79 416.64 229.72
Design Bending Moment 1650.16 2790.24 3645.89 4133.06 3943.87
Design Shear Force 1208.96 1208.96 1007.33 761.98 300.17

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 208 Mukesh & Associates

Internal Forces in Intermediate Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Girder +
1.35 400.53 725.75 1028.27 1220.00 1290.00
Deck
SIDL 1.35 78.35 122.01 170.61 220.64 270.04
Bending Moment, kNm W/C 1.75 49.42 86.18 117.38 132.51 133.82
FPLL 1.35 12.27 20.71 29.50 36.49 42.28
VLL 1.5 400.76 727.28 1009.02 1142.87 1138.35
VLL Case 230 224 217 211 207
Girder +
1.35 16.42 17.28 16.83 18.27 19.38
Deck
SIDL 1.35 -41.10 35.10 25.07 19.05 15.35
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.75 8.14 7.12 5.17 4.02 3.36
FPLL 1.35 4.67 4.13 2.91 2.06 1.54
VLL - BM 1.5 -41.84 -33.27 -17.21 -8.86 -3.99
VLL - SF 1.5 -27.63 -21.58 -14.99 -5.45 -0.66
Girder +
1.35 304.79 245.49 191.66 131.40 71.29
Deck
SIDL 1.35 28.79 29.38 29.12 30.79 31.76
Shear Force, kN W/C 1.75 35.59 28.54 21.98 13.35 4.72
FPLL 1.35 6.23 5.84 5.13 4.24 3.53
VLL 1.5 269.90 232.25 -188.00 137.71 88.12
VLL Case 226 221 216 209 201
Factored BM 1350.67 2414.16 3377.26 3940.32 4104.85
Design Factored For BM -75.52 38.84 43.72 46.89 48.85
Torsion BM
Equivqlent 188.35 186.29 209.71 224.91 234.32
Design Factored For Shear -54.20 56.38 47.06 52.02 53.85
Torsion
Equivqlent Shear Force 138.75 277.56 231.67 256.09 265.11
Factored Shear Force 925.87 777.28 61.43 454.60 284.31
Design Bending 1539.02 2600.45 3586.97 4165.23 4339.16
DesignMoment
Shear Force 1064.62 1054.84 293.10 710.68 549.43

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 209 Mukesh & Associates

Internal Forces in Inner Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Girder +
1.35 401.50 727.51 1031.30 1220.67 1297.29
Deck
SIDL 1.35 13.39 11.52 10.29 21.21 35.01
Bending Moment, kNm W/C 1.75 54.80 100.02 141.94 167.21 175.91
FPLL 1.35 3.54 5.27 6.72 7.78 8.45
VLL 1.5 537.96 914.81 1208.51 1340.05 1341.75
VLL Case 206 210 226 209 209
Girder +
1.35 15.59 16.60 16.40 18.01 19.23
Deck
SIDL 1.35 -13.25 -10.48 -6.35 3.95 2.43
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.75 4.29 3.98 3.28 3.04 2.89
FPLL 1.35 -1.66 -1.29 0.91 0.71 0.56
VLL - BM 1.5 9.86 9.33 21.22 14.70 13.75
VLL - SF 1.5 -39.82 11.68 10.58 10.05 13.30
Girder +
1.35 304.99 245.83 192.15 131.86 71.53
Deck
SIDL 1.35 2.20 3.78 6.42 8.03 8.93
Shear Force, kN W/C 1.75 41.34 34.25 27.34 18.48 9.44
FPLL 1.35 1.18 1.02 0.71 0.52 0.40
VLL 1.5 427.86 302.93 233.09 163.82 129.63
VLL Case 253 212 219 227 242
Factored BM 1467.72 2552.06 3476.39 3989.74 4130.48
Design Factored Torsion For BM 23.20 27.48 52.36 57.98 55.69
Equivqlent BM 57.87 131.82 251.14 278.11 267.11
Design Factored Torsion For Shear -51.31 31.01 36.41 51.01 55.02
Equivqlent Shear Force 131.35 152.65 179.24 251.11 270.86
Factored Shear Force 1130.43 852.66 666.52 467.61 320.12
Design Bending Moment 1525.59 2683.88 3727.53 4267.84 4397.59
Design Shear Force 1261.78 1005.32 845.76 718.72 590.98

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 210 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011

Grade of concrete M 30 MPa

Grade of steel Fe 500 MPa
Outer Girder IntermediateGirder Inner Girder
Sectional Properties
Distance, m1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Sections 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
No. of webs 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Width of Section, Bf mm 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600
Width of Section, Bw mm 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625
Depth of Flange, Df mm 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
Depth of Section, D mm 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650
Area of section (Avg) m2 1.646 1.495 1.344 1.344 1.344 1.577 1.429 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281
Perimeter of Section m 8.900 8.900 8.900 8.900 8.900 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500
Moment of Inertia m4 0.718 0.722 0.727 0.727 0.727 0.548 0.559 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570
depth of section m m 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650
CG of Section (bot) m 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825
Z bot of section m3 0.870 0.875 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.664 0.678 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691
3
Z top of section m 0.870 0.875 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.664 0.678 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691
Width of Section m 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
Area of Section m2 1.646 1.495 1.344 1.344 1.344 1.577 1.429 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281 1.281
4
Moment of Inertia m 0.718 0.722 0.727 0.727 0.727 0.548 0.559 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570
depth of section m 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650 1.650
CG of Section (bot) m 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.825
Z bot of section m3 0.870 0.875 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.664 0.678 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691
3
Z top of girder m 0.870 0.875 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.664 0.678 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691
3
Z top of Composite m 0.870 0.875 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.664 0.678 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 211 Mukesh & Associates

(fck) = 30
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.50
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) =
0.0022
[{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] =

Coeff.of influence of the concrete = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85

strength (a) cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
.
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 212 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Outer Girder IntermediateGirder Inner Girder
Description Unit
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5
Length of staad member m 1.2 2.7 4.67 6.65 8.62 1.2 2.7 4.67 6.65 8.62 1.2 2.7 4.67 6.65 8.62
Design Shear KN 1209 1209 1007 762 300 1065 1055 293 711 549 1262 1005 846 719 591
Design Moment(Sagging)KNm 1650 2790 3646 4133 3944 1539 2600 3587 4165 4339 1526 2684 3728 4268 4398
Design Moment(Hogging)
KNm
Width of beam, Bf mm 2800 2800 2800 2800 2800 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600
Width of Web mm 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625 625
Depth of beam, D mm 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650
No of layers 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Dia of Main. Bar mm 25 25 25 25 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
cover to reinf. mm 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
Dia of Transverse bar mm 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
deff provided 1536 1536 1536 1536 1518 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520 1520
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.10 0.18 0.23 0.26 0.26 0.10 0.17 0.23 0.27 0.28 0.10 0.17 0.24 0.28 0.28
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133729
fck b) 947 1083 1153 1126 704 915 1074 1158 1181 701 929 1095 1172 1189
Depth
LimitingCheck
Neu axis Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
depth (x lim) =
Limiting Neu axis depthmm
(x 947.19 947.19 947.19 947.19 936.39 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62 937.62
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 167.7 293.7 395.0 455.9 438.4 157.7 275.3 392.8 466.2 489.0 156.2 284.9 410.3 479.6 496.8
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

IS Xu is less then the

Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
limiting Xulim
Steel required, As for
2584.674 4525.693 6087.587 7025.13 6756.053 2429.585 4242.217 6053.42 7183.992 7535.555 2407.433 4390.28 6323.117 7390.72 7654.924
Sag Moment mm2

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 213 Mukesh & Associates

Steel required, As for

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mom 2 mm2
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341
Dia of bars mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
Nos Nos 7 7 7 9 9 7 7 7 9 9 7 7 7 9 9
Spacing of Bars mm
Dia of bars mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Nos Nos 0 0 10 10 10 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Spacing of Bars mm 125 125 125 125 126 150 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125
Reinf provided = mm2 5630 5630 6761 8369 8369 5630 5630 6761 8369 8369 6761 6761 6761 8369 8369
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 82 82 98 121 121 82 82 98 121 121 98 98 98 121 121
NA is Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistancekNm
of section3679 3679 4398 5411 5347 3635 3635 4344 5341 5341 4344 4344 4344 5341 5341
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Margin 2.229 1.318 1.206 1.309 1.356 2.362 1.398 1.211 1.282 1.231 2.847 1.619 1.165 1.251 1.215
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various Xn. (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
MEd
VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression
VRd,max struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression
Vccd chord

Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile
Vtd chord

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 214 Mukesh & Associates

VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement

VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
Outer Girder Inner Girder Innetermediate Girder
Description Unit
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5
VEd KN 1209 1209 1007 762 300 1065 1055 293 711 549 1262 1005 846 719 591
VPd KN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
VNs KN 1209 1209 1007 762 300 1065 1055 293 711 549 1261 1003 843 715 586
fck Mpa 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
fyk Mpa 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
K 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361 1.361
d m 1.536 1.536 1.536 1.536 1.518 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520 1.520
bw m 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
bwc m 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
2
Asl mm 5630 5630 6761 8369 8369 5630 5630 6761 8369 8369 6761 6761 6761 8369 8369
2
Asc mm 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761 6761
3
S = (Ay)c m 1.358 1.234 1.109 1.109 1.109 1.301 1.179 1.057 1.057 1.057 1.057 1.057 1.057 1.057 1.057
4
I m 0.718 0.722 0.727 0.727 0.727 0.548 0.559 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570 0.570
scp MPA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
fywd MPA 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
fcd MPA 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40
fctd = fctk/gm 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
acw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.075 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.075 1.149 1.224 1.250 1.250 1.250
n 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528 0.528
r1= 0.0013 0.0013 0.0016 0.0019 0.0020 0.0014 0.0014 0.0017 0.0021 0.0021 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0021 0.0021
q deg 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 215 Mukesh & Associates

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12K(80r1fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d > (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15scp) bw.d

VRd,c kN 1028.0 1028.0 1028.0 1028.0 1653.9 945.0 945.0 945.0 945.0 1537.8 2130.6 2723.4 3316.2 3909.0 4501.8
0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.39 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.39 0.54 0.69 0.84 0.99 1.14
Vmin kN 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1783.3 1065.3 1065.3 1065.3 1065.3 1658.1 2250.9 2843.7 3436.5 4029.3 4622.1
VRd,c (forI*bwc
prestress)
/ s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VRd,c kN 1159 1159 1159 1159 1783 1065 1065 1065 1065 1658 2251 2844 3437 4029 4622
VEd, < 15210 15210 15210 15210 15036 13981 13981 13981 13981 13981 13981 13981 13981 13981 13981
VEd, actual kN 1209 1209 1007 762 300 1065 1055 293 711 549 1262 1005 846 719 591

Shear Reinforcement is . Reqd Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd

VRd,s *z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max *z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max kN 13689 13689 13689 13689 14542 12583 12583 12583 12583 13522 14461 15400 15728 15728 15728
rmin = . 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079
Asw min = mm2 552 552 552 552 552 513 513 513 513 513 513 513 513 513 513
n1 = 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53
Asw max = *n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
Asw max = mm2 5695.54 5695.54 5695.54 5695.54 6120.58 5288.71 5288.71 5288.71 5288.71 5683.39 6078.07 6472.75 6610.89 6610.89 6610.89
2
Asw required = mm 21 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
s = spacing of stirrups mm 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
diameter of stirrup mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2
diameter of stirrup mm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asw provided mm2 1810 1810 905 905 905 1810 1810 905 905 905 1810 1810 905 905 905
Shear reinft provided Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
VRd,s kN 4349 4349 2175 2175 2150 4305 4305 2153 2153 2153 4305 4305 2153 2153 2153

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 216 Mukesh & Associates

Check for additional Longitudinal Steel for shear

DFtd 0.5 xV(cot
Ed (q) -cot (a)) a is angle of stirrups
DFtd 604.5 604.5 503.7 381.0 150.1 532.3 527.4 146.6 355.3 274.7 630.9 502.7 422.9 359.4 295.5
(Med - MR)/ z = 1467.8 642.8 544.5 924.7 1027.2 1531.8 755.9 553.3 859.4 732.3 2060.2 1213.5 450.6 784.4 689.6
Additional Steel reqd = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 217 Mukesh & Associates

Crack Width Calculation - SLS

Summary of forces
Depth of Beam = 1.650 m
Width od Beam = 0.325 m, Running Section
0.625 m, End Section
Congestion Factor = 1.15
Internal Forces in Outer Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Girder +
1 412.19 744.94 1050.00 1236.81 1303.71
Deck
SIDL 1 298.26 489.81 654.33 733.79 750.96
Bending Moment, kNm W/C 1.2 23.92 39.01 54.12 65.52 73.61
FPLL 0.75 29.95 53.85 74.20 84.16 85.10
VLL 0.75 220.04 362.41 498.55 581.32 597.70
VLL Case 226 220 212 210 203
Girder +
1 16.33 17.37 17.42 18.68 -0.53
Deck
SIDL 1 129.45 100.57 71.01 43.93 -4.18
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.2 8.99 7.92 6.21 4.71 -0.27
FPLL 0.75 3.90 4.26 4.25 4.31 -0.58
VLL - BM 0.75 -71.91 -59.35 -36.27 -15.70 1.96
VLL - SF 0.75 -71.91 -59.35 -36.27 -18.96 -4.47
Girder +
1 313.29 251.09 194.77 131.72 69.23
Deck
SIDL 1 208.29 169.44 133.10 84.90 36.36
Shear Force, kN W/C 1.2 12.14 10.88 9.07 7.18 5.49
FPLL 0.75 23.26 19.21 14.83 9.22 4.45
VLL 0.75 113.83 102.806 84.853 66.13 47.711
VLL Case 226 220 212 205 198
Factored BM 951.41 1634.52 2254.93 2613.74 2722.34
Design Factored Torsion For BM 97.47 79.44 67.77 57.95 -3.01
Equivqlent BM 243.10 381.03 325.07 277.95 14.42
Design Factored Torsion For Shear 97.47 79.44 67.77 55.14 -9.32
Equivqlent Shear Force 249.52 391.09 333.66 271.47 45.88
Factored Shear Force 651.77 536.67 423.06 289.19 156.66
Design Bending Moment 1194.51 2015.55 2580.00 2891.69 2736.76
Design Shear Force 901.30 927.76 756.71 560.66 202.54

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 218 Mukesh & Associates

Internal Forces in Intermediate Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Girder +
1 400.53 725.75 1028.27 1220.00 1290.00
Deck
SIDL 1 78.35 122.01 170.61 220.64 270.04
Bending Moment, kNm W/C 1.2 49.42 86.18 117.38 132.51 133.82
FPLL 0.75 12.27 20.71 29.50 36.49 42.28
VLL 0.75 400.76 727.28 1009.02 1142.87 1138.35
VLL Case 230 224 217 211 207
Girder +
1 16.42 17.28 16.83 18.27 19.38
Deck
SIDL 1 -41.10 35.10 25.07 19.05 15.35
Torsion, kNm W/C 1.2 8.14 7.12 5.17 4.02 3.36
FPLL 0.75 4.67 4.13 2.91 2.06 1.54
VLL 0.75 -41.84 -33.27 -17.21 -8.86 -3.99
VLL Case 0.75 -27.63 -21.58 -14.99 -5.45 -0.66
Girder +
1 304.79 245.49 191.66 131.40 71.29
Deck
SIDL 1 28.79 29.38 29.12 30.79 31.76
Shear Force, kN W/C 1.2 35.59 28.54 21.98 13.35 4.72
FPLL 0.75 6.23 5.84 5.13 4.24 3.53
VLL 0.75 269.90 232.25 -188.00 137.71 88.12
VLL Case 226 221 216 209 201
Factored BM 893.03 1593.98 2232.14 2612.74 2734.16
Design Factored Torsion For BM -47.49 35.32 35.44 36.04 36.47
Equivqlent BM 118.44 169.42 169.98 172.85 174.93
Design Factored Torsion For Shear -35.23 45.41 37.36 38.98 39.35
Equivqlent Shear Force 90.19 223.55 183.92 191.93 193.70
Factored Shear Force 613.75 513.81 88.85 300.16 187.36
Design Bending Moment 1011.48 1763.41 2402.13 2785.59 2909.10
Design Shear Force 703.94 737.37 272.76 492.08 381.06

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 219 Mukesh & Associates

Internal Forces in Inner Longitudinal Girder

Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Due to Load Facors
Dist. From Support 1.88 3.38 5.247 7.113 8.98
Girder +
1 401.50 727.51 1031.30 1220.67 1297.29
Deck
SIDL 1 13.39 11.52 10.29 21.21 35.01
Bending Moment, kNm W/C 1.2 54.80 100.02 141.94 167.21 175.91
FPLL 0.75 3.54 5.27 6.72 7.78 8.45
VLL 0.75 537.96 914.81 1208.51 1340.05 1341.75
VLL Case 206 210 226 209 209
Girder +
1 15.59 16.60 16.40 18.01 19.23
Deck
SIDL 1 -13.25 -10.48 -6.35 3.95 2.43
W/C 1.2 4.29 3.98 3.28 3.04 2.89
Torsion, kNm FPLL 0.75 -1.66 -1.29 0.91 0.71 0.56
VLL BM
0.75 9.86 9.33 21.22 14.70 13.75
Case
VLL SF
0.75 -39.82 11.68 10.58 10.05 13.30
Case
Girder +
1 304.99 245.83 192.15 131.86 71.53
Deck
SIDL 1 2.20 3.78 6.42 8.03 8.93
Shear Force, kN W/C 1.2 41.34 34.25 27.34 18.48 9.44
FPLL 0.75 1.18 1.02 0.71 0.52 0.40
VLL 0.75 427.86 302.93 233.09 163.82 129.63
VLL Case 253 212 219 227 242
Factored BM 947.30 1652.03 2259.30 2604.16 2706.99
Design Factored Torsion For BM 14.74 17.98 32.97 38.83 37.41
Equivqlent BM 36.76 86.23 158.13 186.22 179.45
Design Factored Torsion For Shear -28.10 20.00 23.80 34.81 37.03
Equivqlent Shear Force 71.95 98.48 117.15 171.39 182.29
Factored Shear Force 726.71 552.74 432.96 303.74 203.89
Design Bending Moment 984.06 1738.26 2417.43 2790.38 2886.44
Design Shear Force 798.66 651.22 550.10 475.13 386.18

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 220 Mukesh & Associates

CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH a) Outer Girder

Concrete Grade fck = 30.00

2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.0 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm
Service Stage Moment = 2736.76 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth d = 1650 mm
Section width bt = 2800 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40 mm
Bar spacing s = 0 mm
Bar diameter f = 32 mm
Effective depth h = 1594 mm
2
Area of steel As = 8369 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level

Moment of Inertia of
cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 165420754560 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
Maximum
compressive stress in
concrete ( σcc) =
7.54 < 13.40 MPa Safe
Maximum tensile
stress in steel ( σsc)
= m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
121.48 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width

where spacing of
bonded reinforcement
with in the tension
zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+32/2)
<= 280 mm

Case 1: Spacing of bonded reinforcement

with in the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
0.00 <= 280

Coefficient based on bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

Coefficient based on distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 390 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 221 Mukesh & Associates

Ac,eff iseffective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 140 mm or 398.0 mm or 825 mm
Thereforehc,eff 140 mm
Ac,eff = 392000 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.02135
Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 0.00 < 280 mm

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1479.55 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 390.21 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 121.48 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.14
0.02135
200000
= 0.0002743
Section in tension, Hence Cracked

>= 0.000364 >=0.6 σsc / Es

= 0.000364
(esm-ecm) 0.000364
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= 0.1422059863 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 222 Mukesh & Associates

b) Intermediate Girder

Concrete Grade fck = 30.00

2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.0 N/mm
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm2
Service Stage Moment = 2909.10 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3mm
Section depth d = 1650 mm
Section width bt = 2600 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40mm
Bar spacing s = 0mm
Bar diameter f = 32 mm
Effective depth h = 1594 mm
2
Area of steel As = 8369 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Moment of Inertia
of cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 137873097324 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment

Maximum
compressive stress
in concrete ( σcc)
=
8.29 < 13.40 MPa Safe

Maximum tensile
stress in steel (σsc) = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
163.51 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of
bonded
reinforcement with in
the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+32/2)
<= 280 mm

Case 1: Spacing of bonded reinforcement

with in the tension zone 5*(C+ф/2)
<=
0.00 <= 280

Coefficient based on bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

Coefficient based on distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 373 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 223 Mukesh & Associates

Ac,eff iseffective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 140 mm or 419.1 mm or 825 mm
Thereforehc,eff 140 mm
Ac,eff = 364000 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.02299
Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 0.00 < 280 mm

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1561.53 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 372.52 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 163.51 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.15
0.02299
= 0.0004212 240000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked

>= 0.000409 >=0.6 σsc / Es

= 0.000421
(esm-ecm) 0.000421
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= 0.157 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 224 Mukesh & Associates

c) Inner Girder

Concrete Grade fck = 30.00

2
Concrete Modulus Ec = 31000.0 N/mm
2
Steel Modulus Es = 200.0 KN/mm
Service Stage Moment = 2886.44 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3mm
Section depth d = 1650 mm
Section width bt = 2600 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40 mm
Bar spacing s = 0mm
Bar diameter f = 32 mm
Effective depth h = 1594 mm
2
Area of steel As = 8369 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Moment of Inertia
of cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
4
Icr = 137873097324 mm
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
Maximum
compressive stress
in concrete ( σcc)
=
8.22 < 13.40 MPa Safe

Maximum tensile
stress in steel (σsc)
= m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
162.24 < 347.83 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of
bonded reinforcement
with in the tension
zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+32/2)
<= 280 mm

Case 1: Spacing of bonded reinforcement with

in the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
0.00 <= 280

Coefficient based on bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

Coefficient based on distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 373 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 225 Mukesh & Associates

Ac,eff iseffective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 1561.53 mm Not Applicable

Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 372.52 mm

Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 162.24 - 0.50 2.50 x 1.15
0.02299
= 0.0004159 240000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked

>= 0.000406 >=0.6 σsc / Es

= 0.000416
(esm-ecm) 0.000416
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)

= 0.155 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 226 Mukesh & Associates

Design Of End Diaphragm

Diaphragm is designed for Loading Condition
Replacement Of Bearing / Superstructure supported on Jacks - ( No Live Load )

Diaphragm is spanning between 4 girders . It act as continuous beam End Diaphragm

Diaphragm is designed for Jacking end Force During Bearing Replacement
Jacks are kept at distance mentioned below away from the face of the girder as shown in figure. 1400
Hence It acts as a continuous beam between 6 Jacks. Jack Positions are as shown in figure & indicated
by T To Y
During Bearing Replacement there will be no Live Load 400
Hence Only Dead Loads and SIDL are considered (in KNs)
Reactions due to G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 Mid Diaphragm
1) Selfweight 469 458 463 459 472 439
2) S.I.D.L. 409 4 82 71 38 359
878 461 545 529 510 799 1400
Girder & Jack Positions
400
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
878 461 545 529 509.6857 798.74205
2600

0.833 0.833 1.666 0.833 1.666 0.833 1.666 0.833 1.666 0.833 0.833
B C D
550 550 550 E 550 Jack distances. 550 550 550
A 550 550 F G H I J

Thickness of base of girder 625 mm

CG of girder loads 23846.817 / 3722.1 = 6.407 m from G1

CG of Jacks 6.000 m

A To H are Jack positions at the time Of Bearing replacement

Force in the jacks = 10 x P = 3722 KN

P= 372 KN

M (A) = 878 x 0.833 = 731.3402 KNm

731 KNM
M(B) = 878 x 1.666 - 372.2089 x 0.833 = 1152.63 KNm
1153 KNM
M(G2)= 878 x 2.782 - 372.2089 x 1.666 - 372.2089 x 0.55
1617.6682 KNM
M(C)= 878 x 3.332 - 372.2089 x 2.499 - 372.2089 x 1.666 +
461 x 0.833
1759.3613 KNM

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 227 Mukesh & Associates

M(D) = 878 x 4.165 - 372.2089 x 3.332 - 372.2089 x 2.499 +

461 x 2.05 - 372.2089 x 0.55
2227.2708 KNM

M(G3)= 878 x 5.2 - 372.2089 x 4.65 - 372.2089 x 3.15 +

461 x 2.6 - 372.2089 x 1.1 - 372.2089 x 0.55
2247.3566 KNM

M(E)= 878 x 5.7500 - 372.2089 x 5.2000 - 372.2089 x 3.70 +

461 x 3.1500 - 372.2089 x 2.6000 - 372.2089 x 1.100 +
545 X 0.5500

2111.3074

M(F)= 878 x 7.2500 - 372.2089 x 6.7000 - 372.2089 x 5.2000 +

461 x 4.65 - 372.2089 x 4.1000 - 372.2089 x 2.6000 +
545 x 2.05 - 372.2089 x 1.5
2146.3103

M(G4)= 878 x 7.8 - 372.2089 x 7.25 - 372.2089 x 5.75 +

461 x 5.2 - 372.2089 x 4.65 - 372.2089 x 3.1500
545 x 2.6 - 372.2089 x 2.0500 - 372.2089 x 0.55
1954.4298

Design Moment is 2247 kNm

Shear is taken on right side.

S(G1) = 877.959
S(A) = 505.751
S(B) = 133.542
S(G2)= 594.827
S(C)= 222.618
S(D) = -149.591
S(G3)= 395.544
S(E)= 23.335
S(F)= -348.874
S(G4)= 180.408
S(G)= -191.801
S(H)= -564.010
S(G5)= -54.324
S(I)= -426.533
S(J)= -798.742
S(G6)= 0.000
Max Design Shear is 1677 kN (Note: this is at the jack face or the CL of the girder. Actual shear
will be little less)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 228 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011

Grade of concrete 30 MPa

Grade of steel 500 MPa

End cross girder Middle Cross girder

Sectional Properties Unit
Support Mid Support Mid
No. of webs 1 1 1 1
Width of Section, Bf mm 400 400 400 400
Width of Section, Bw mm 400 400 400 400
Depth of Flange, Df mm 225 225 225 225
Depth of Section, D mm 1400 1400 1400 1400
Area of section (Avg) m2 0.560 0.560 0.560 0.560
4
Moment of Inertia m 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
depth of section m m 1400 1400 1400 1400

(fck) = 30
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.60
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.0042
cube/0.85
= 0.67
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 229 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS
We have designed cross girder for Maximum bending & shear force , so same is applicable for end
and mid cross girder at support & Mid
End cross
Description Unit Middle Cross girder
girder
Design Shear KN 1677
Design Moment(Sagging) KNm 2247
Design Moment(Hogging) KNm
Width of beam, Bf mm 400 400 400 400
Depth of beam, D mm 1400 1400 1400 1400
No of layers 2 3 3 3
Dia of Main. Bar mm 32 25 25 25
cover to reinf. mm 40 40 75 75
Dia of Transverse bar mm 10 10 10 10
deff provided 1302 1288 1253 1253
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) 1187 0 0 0
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 593.83 587.22 571.25 571.25
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 470.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe Safe

Steel required, As for Sag Moment mm2 4641 0 0 0
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 728 728 728 728
End cross
Middle Cross girder
Check for Sagging Moment Unit girder
Support Mid Support Mid
Dia of bars mm 32 32 32 32
Nos Nos 6 10 10 10
Dia of bars mm 12 12 12 12
Nos Nos 0 0 8 8
Spacing of Bars mm 125 125 125 125
Reinf provided = mm2 4825 8042 8947 8947
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 489 815 907 907
NA is Safe Modify the section
Modify the section
Modify the section
Ult Moment of resistance of section kNm 2321 3361 3461 3461
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe
Margin 1.033 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 230 Mukesh & Associates

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

n
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X . (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)

VRd,c Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement

VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member
by crushing of compression struts

VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of

reinforcement
Design value of shear component of force in compression area in
Vccd
case of inclined compression chord
Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement
Vtd
in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd
(-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
End cross
Middle Cross girder
Description Unit girder
Support Mid Support Mid
VEd KN 1677 0 0 0
VPd KN 0 0 0 0
VNs KN 1677 0 0 0
fck Mpa 30 30 30 30
fyk Mpa 500 500 500 500
K 1.392 1.392 1.392 1.392
d m 1.302 1.288 1.253 1.253
bw m 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
bwc m 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
Asl mm2 4825 8042 8947 8947
Asc mm2 0 0 0 0
S = (Ay)c m3 392.000 392.000 392.000 392.000
I m4 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
scp MPA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
fywd MPA 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
fcd MPA 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40
fctd = fctk/gm 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
acw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
n = 0.6 * (1-(fck/310)) 0.542 0.542 0.542 0.542
r1 = 0.0093 0.0156 0.0179 0.0179
q deg 45.0 68.0 68.0 68.0
.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 231 Mukesh & Associates

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

[0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw d'> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp)
VRd,c
bw.d
VRd,c kN 244.4 241.6 235.1 235.1
0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47
Vmin kN 145.2 143.6 139.7 139.7
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN 0 0 0 0
VRd,c kN 244 242 235 235
VEd, < 1891 1870 1819 1819
VEd, actual kN 1677 0 0 0
Shear Reinforcement is . Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd
VRd,s Asw*z*fywd*cotq / s
VRd,max acw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(cotq+tanq)
VRd,max kN 1702 1169 1137 1137
rmin = . 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079
Asw min = mm2 63 63 63 63
n1 = 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
Asw max = 0.5*acw*n1*fcd*bw*s/(fywd)
Asw max = mm2 668.10 668.10 668.10 668.10
Asw required = mm2 562 0 0 0
s = spacing of stirrups mm 200 200 200 200
diameter of stirrup mm 12 8 8 8
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 2 1 1 1
diameter of stirrup mm 0 0 0 0
No. of legs for stirrups Nos 0 0 0 0
Asw provided mm2 1131 251 251 251
Shear reinft provided Safe Safe Safe Safe
VRd,s kN 2881 256 249 249
OKAY OKAY OKAY OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 232 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

Sailent fetures of super-structure:
Effective span of the longitudinal girder(C/C of supports) = 21.20 m
Skew Angle = 30 Degrees
Total Width of Deck Slab = 18.475 m
Thickness of Top Flange of Girder varies from 250 mm
to 375 mm
Width of web = 325 mm
Thickness of slab = 250 mm
Spacing of longitudinal girders = 3.002 m
Number of longitudinal girders = 6 nos.
Cantivever Projection = 1.732 m
Number of cross girders = 3 nos.
Thickness of crosss girder = 0.5 m
Thickness of Wearing Coat = 75 mm
Distance between the C/L of the Cross Girders = 10.60 m
Distance between the C/L of the end and middle longitudinal girders = 3.002 m
Width of Footpath = 1.5 m
Thickness of Footpath = 0.38 m,Avg.
Width of Hand Rail With Kerb = 0.50 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.50. m
Grade of Concrete, M 30 Unit Weight of Concrete 25 kN/m3
Grade of steel, Fe 500 Unit Weight of W/C 25 kN/m3

3
Unit Weight of Concrete 25 kN/m
3
Unit Weight of W/C 25 kN/m
3
Unit Weigth of PCC 24 kN/m
Load caculations:
Load due to self weight of the deck slab = 6.250 kN/m2
Load due to Crash Barrier: = 7.75 kN/m It acts over a width of 500mm
Load due to Hand Rail: = 7.71 kN/m It acts over a width of 500mm
Load due to Footpath: = 9.00 kN/m It acts over a width of 1500mm
Load due to wearing coat:
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
2
Load due to wearing coat = 1.875 kN/m

IDENTIFIED LOAD CASES ARE:

Self Weight of Slab Elements LC1
Superimposed Dead Load LC2
VLL - Class AA Track Placed concentric with End Panel LC3
VLL - Class AA Track Placed Concentric with Next to End Support LC4
VLL - 70R W Bogei Placed Concentric with End Panel LC5
VLL - 70RW Bogei Placed Concentric with Next to End Support LC6
VLL - Class A Vehicle Placed Concentric with End Panel LC7
VLL - Class A Vehicle Placed Concentric with Next to End Support LC8

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 233 Mukesh & Associates

Live Load Calculations:

1. CLASS AA - Track Vehicle:
Minimum Edge Distance = 4.125 m, From Outer Edge of Crash Barrier
Distance between two tyres of the axle = 2.05 m (C/C of tyres)
Load per axle = 700 kN
Load per tyre = 350 kN
Width of tyre (Perpendicular to Traffic) = 850 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the traffic Direction) = 3600 mm
Aspct ratio (b / lo) = 3.530719
As the aspect ratio is grater than 2.00, α = 2.6 (for continuous slab)

Effective width of the concentrated load = beff = a x α (1 - a/lo) + b1

Case 1: CLASS AA Vehicle placed in the middle of End Panel

For Track 1 & 2

a = 0.476111 m
lo = 3.00 m
b1 = 3.750 m
α = 2.6
beff = 4.792 m
Width of tyre along the span direction = 1500 mm
11
As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered and Intensity of loading is worked-out
350 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 60.871 kN/m2
4.792 x 1.5

Case 2: CLASS AA Vehicle placed concentrically to NEXT TO END SUPPORT

For Track 1 & 2

a = 1.025 m
lo = 3.00 m
b1 = 3.750 m
a = 2.6
beff = 5.505 m
Width of tyre along the span direction = 1500 mm
DISPERSION WIDTH OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP
As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered and Intensity of loading is worked-out
Intensity of loading = 350 x 1.25
= 52.981 kN/m2
5.505 x 1.5

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 234 Mukesh & Associates

2. 70R - Wheeled (Bogie) loading:

Minimum Edge Distance = 4.125 m, From Outer Edge of Crash Barrier

Distance between two tyres of the axle = 1.93 m (C/C of tyres)
Spacing of Axles = 1.22 m
Load per axle = 200 kN
Load per tyre = 100 kN
Width of tyre = 860 mm

Contact length of the tyre is arrived based on the max. tyre pressures specified in IRC:6-2000 and the effective width
2
Maximum tyre pressure = = 5.273 kg/cm
2
i.e. 0.5273 N/mm
2
i.e. 527.3 kN/m
Actual max. Load = 5 T i.e. 50000 N
50 kN
Contact width of tyre (Perpendicular to traffic) = = 360 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the Traffic Direction) = = 264 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the Traffic Direction) = = 264 mm

Aspct ratio of Slab Panel (b / lo) = 3.530719

As the aspect ratio is grater than 2.00, a = 2.6 (for continuous slab)

Effective width of the concentrated load = beff = a x a (1 - a/lo) + b1

Case 3: 70R W BOGEI placed in the middle of End Panel

For Tyres 1 & 2
a = 0.536111 m
lo = 3.00 m
b1 = 414 mm
a = 2.6
beff = 1.559 m
EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF TYRES IN BRIDGE'S LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OVER-LAP
Hence, Effective Width = 2.779 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 1010 mm

DISPERSION WIDTHS OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered

200 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 89.071 kN/m2
2.779 x 1.01

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 235 Mukesh & Associates

Case 4: 70R W BOGEI placed concentrically to NEXT TO END SUPPORT

For Tyres 1 & 2

a = 0.965 m
lo = 3.00 m
b1 = 414 mm
a = 2.6
beff = 2.117 m

EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF TYRES IN BRIDGE'S LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OVER-LAP

Hence, Effective Width = 3.337 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 1010 mm

DISPERSION WIDTHS OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered

200 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 74.176 kN/m2
3.337 x 1.01

Aspct ratio = (b/lo) = 3.530719

As the aspect ratio is grater than 2.00, a = 2.6 (for continuous slab)

Effective width of the concentrated load = beff = a x a (1 - a/lo) + b1

Case 5: One CLASS A Vehicle placed in the middle of End Panel (Adjucent to Cantilever span)

Tyres are placed concentric with the mid span of end panel
For Tyres 1 & 2
a = 0.601 m
lo = 3.00 m
b1 = 400 mm
a = 2.6
beff = 1.65 m
EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF TYRES IN BRIDGE'S LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OVER-LAP
Hence, Effective Width = 2.85 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 1150 mm

DISPERSION WIDTH OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 236 Mukesh & Associates

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered.

114 x 1.25
Intensity of loading = = 43.479 kN/m2
2.85 x 1.15

Case 6: One CLASS A Vehicle placed concentric with Next to END SUPPORT
Tyres are placed concentric with the Second Longitudinal Girder
For Tyres 1 & 2

a = 0.900 m
lo = 3.00 m
b1 = 400 mm
a = 2.6
beff = 2.039 m
EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF TYRES IN BRIDGE'S LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OVER-LAP
Hence, Effective Width = 3.239 m

Width of tyre along the span direction = 1150 mm

DISPERSION WIDTH OF TYRES DO NOT OVER-LAP

As per IRC:6, an impact factor of 25% is considered.

Intensity of loading = 114 x 1.25

= 38.257 kN/m2
3.239 x 1.15

Summary of moments in various members

S. No. Load description 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 9.37 3.48 4.94 4.936 3.481 9.374

2 LC2- CRASH BARRIER 11.72 -1.73 0.37 0.417 -2.017 12.425
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT -0.80 1.58 1.46 1.597 1.162 0.00
4 LC4 - CLASS AA -Span 0.00 23.25 -37.33 25.43 -6.673 1.645
5 LC4 - CLASS AA -Support 0.00 -4.614 18.604 -3.594 2.309 -0.535
6 LC6 - 70R Boggie-Span 0.00 32.70 -53.31 35.766 -9.385 2.213
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Support -5.42 23.69 -4.21 2.431 -0.638 0.157
8 LC8 - CLASS A -Span 0.00 15.19 -25.22 16.63 -4.364 1.075
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Support 0.00 10.92 1.04 0.273 0.067 0.00

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 237 Mukesh & Associates

Note:
1.) The Edge support will be having the maximum BM in Dead load, SIDL,the moment considered is from Node 2 to 6
2.) The Cantilever porotion is considered seperatley and designed

Factored Moment for Continous Portion

Load Factored
S.No. Load description Max. Value
Factor Moment
1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 1.35 4.94 6.6636
2 LC2- CRASH BARRIER 1.35 0.42 0.56295
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 1.75 1.60 2.79475
4 LC4 - CLASS AA -Span 25.43
5 LC4 - CLASS AA -Support 18.60
6 LC6 - 70R Boggie-Span 35.77
1.5 53.649
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Support 23.69
8 LC8 - CLASS A -Span 16.63
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Support 10.92
Factored Moment 63.6703

Factored Moment for Cantilever Portion

S.No. Load description Load Max. Value Factored

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD Factor
1.35 9.37 Moment
12.6549
2 LC2- CRASH BARRIER 1.35 12.43 16.77375
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 1.75 1.60 2.79475
4 LC4 - CLASS AA -Span 25.43
5 LC4 - CLASS AA -Support 18.60
6 LC6 - 70R Boggie-Span 35.77
1.5 53.649
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Support 23.69
8 LC8 - CLASS A -Span 16.63
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Support 10.92
Factored Moment 85.8724

Summary of Shear Forces in various members in Support

S. No. Load description 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD 11.35 8.90 9.87 9.866 8.897 11.345

2 LC2- CRASH BARRIER 14.25 2.69 0.68 0.811 3.145 14.844
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 0.61 3.08 2.96 3.147 2.857 0.057
4 LC4 - CLASS AA -Span 7.75 61.67 63.19 10.69 2.771 0.548
5 LC4 - CLASS AA -Support 3.074 51.232 3.753 0.857 0.222 0.044
6 LC6 - 70R Boggie-Span 10.89 84.93 86.97 15.035 3.897 0.77
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Support 3.61 67.97 4.42 1.022 0.265 0.052
8 LC8 - CLASS A -Span 5.06 38.60 39.66 6.991 1.812 0.358
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Support 1.52 32.91 1.87 0.437 0.113 0.022

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 238 Mukesh & Associates

Factored Shear Force for Support Porotion

S.No. Load description Load Max. Value Factored

1 LC1- DEAD LOAD Factor
1.35 11.35 Moment
15.31575
2 LC2- CRASH BARRIER 1.35 14.84 20.0394
3 LC3 - WEARING COAT 1.75 3.15 5.50725
4 LC4 - CLASS AA -Span 63.19
5 LC4 - CLASS AA -Support 51.23
6 LC6 - 70R Boggie-Span 86.97
1.5 130.461
7 LC7 - 70R Boggie-Support 67.97
8 LC8 - CLASS A -Span 39.66
9 LC9 - CLASS A -Support 32.91
Factored Shear Force 171.3234

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 239 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011
Grade of concrete M = 30 MPa
Grade of steel Fe = 500 MPa
Sectional Properties

No. of webs = 1
Width of Section, B = 2600 mm
Depth of Section, D = 225 mm
Area of section (Avg) = 0.585 m2
Perimeter of Section = 5.650 m
Moment of Inertia = 0.002 m4
depth of section m = 0.225 m
CG of Section (bot) = 0.113 m
Z bot of section = 0.022 m3
Z top of section = 0.022 m3
Width of Section = 2.600 m
Area of Section = 0.585 m2
Moment of Inertia = 0.002 m4
depth of section = 0.225 m
CG of Section (bot) = 0.113 m
Z bot of section = 0.022 m3
Z top of girder = 0.022 m3
Z top of Composite = 0.022 m3
(fck) = 30
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.60
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs
0.0042
xEs)}+0.002] =
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)0.67
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.40
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.72
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 240 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS

Width of staad member = 1.00 m

Design Shear = 171.32 KN
Design Moment For Span Portion Mom 1 = 63.67 KNm
Design Moment For Cantilever Mom 2 = 85.87 KNm
Width of beam, Bf = 2600 mm
Depth of beam, D = 225 mm
No of layers = 1
Dia of Main. Bar = 12 mm
Dia of Main Road in Cantilever Portion = 16 mm
cover to reinf. = 40 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 10 mm
deff provided = 179 mm
deff provided Cantilever portion = 177 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 = 0.07
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 = 0.10
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) = 91 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 81.64 mm
Xu in mm for Mom 1 = 13.1 mm
Xu in mm for Mom 2 = 17.7 mm

IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe

Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 843 mm2
Main Bottom and top Reinforcement #VALUE!
Steel required, As for Mom 2 = mm2
Check for min reinft. Reqd. =
Minimum Reinf.reqd = = 761 mm2
However Nos of bars required 8 Nos
Provided 8 Nos
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Nos = 10.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 100 mm
Second Layer
Dia of bars = mm
Nos = Nos
Spacing of Bars = mm
Reinf provided = = 1131 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 18 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 85 kNm
MR = Safe
Cantilever Projection Reinforcement
Steel required, As for Mom 2 1136.6 mm2
Dia of bars = 16 mm
Nos = 8 Nos
Since inorder to Tie the Bars in
Spacing of Bars = 120mm transverse Direction, allocating
Spacing as 120
Provided Ast = 1674.67 mm2
Safe
% of Steel Provided = 0.63182869 %

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 241 Mukesh & Associates

Longitudinal Top & Bottom Reinforcement 1.328

Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 12.3.3) = 233 mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 16.6.1.1) = 226 mm2 20% of reinforcement
Dia of bars = 10 mm
Nos = 5.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 200 mm
Reinf provided = 393 mm
Reinf provided is Safe
Distribution Reinforcement (Top) 39.270
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 12.3.3) = 233 mm2
Dia of bars = 10 mm
Nos = 5.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 200 mm
Reinf provided = 393 mm
Reinf provided is Safe

SHEAR DESIGN:
Design Shear Force = 171.3 kN
2
Nominal Shear Stress = 0.29 N/mm

2
τmax, as per Table 20 of IS:456 = 3.50 N/mm SECTION IS ADEQUATE
Ned = 0 kN
2
Ac = 179000 mm
2
σcp = 0 N/mm
Partial Safety Factor on
Concrete, ϒm = 1.5
fcd = 0.67 x fck/ϒm N/mm2
2
= 13.4 N/mm
2
0.2 x fcd = 2.68 N/mm σcp shall be least of NED/Ac or 0.2fcd
2
Hence, σcp = 0 N/mm
K = 1 + (200/d)0.5
= 2.0570
ν = {0.12 x K x (80 x ρ1 x fck)0.33 + 0.15 x σcp} bw x d
2
= 0.605 N/mm
νmin = 0.031 x K3/2 x fck1/2
2
= 0.501 N/mm
2
Shear Strength of Concrete = 0.605 N/mm
VRD.c = 281.784 kN
SHEAR CAPACITY OF CONCRETE IS MORE THAN SHEAR STRESS, HENCE OKAY

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 242 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Minor Bridge - 1 x 10m at km 166+069
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Re-construction of 4 lane bridge across nallah at km 166.069

Section-I (Koyyuru to Chintapallli)

Design of abutment and foundation for A1 & A2

Bridge at Ch : 166.069

1. Introduction :-

This design note contains design of abutment foundation, abutment wall, abutment cap, dirt wall, flywing wall
and return wall.

2. Brief description of structure:-

Abutment foundation:-
Foundation for the abutment is envisaged to be open foundation is proposed to rest at soft rock strata at a
depth of 3.50m below bed level wtih out bed protection.

Abutment wall:
Abutment wall is envisaged to be solid R.C.C wall with cantilever action. The loads acting on abutment wall are

earth pressure, live load surcharge pressure, dead load of superstructure & live load.
Return wall and counterfort for return wall:-
Return wall is designed as a simply supported RCC wall supported in between the abutment wall and
counterfort for return wall.

3. Design Parameters:-

The design parameters shall be as follows:-

* DL = Self weight of structure

* LL = Class A - 2 lane (or) Class 70 R Tracked (or) Class 70 R Wheeled
* Earth Pressure = Soil Properties:-
 = 32 0,  = 2/3 x32 = 21.33 0
sat = 20 kN/ m3

* Live Load surcharge = Equivalent to 1.2m height of earth fill = 0.256x1.2 x 20

2
= 6.144 kN/m
*Wind Forces - Considered as per clause - 209 of IRC: 6-2016
NOTE:- This design calculation is only applicable for both side safety kerb & both sides crash barrier - type super
structure.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 243 Mukesh & Associates

Input data's:
Sl. No Description Normal case Seismic case
1 Formation Level 916.760

2 Top of deck slab excluding wearing coat 916.695

3 Bottom of deck 915.745 (outer side)

4 Top of Abutment cap 915.745

5 Top of Abutment stem 915.245

6 H.F.L 914.080

7 Founding Level 907.580

8 Bed Level 911.080

2
9 Safe Bearing Capacity 300 kN / m

2
10 Grade of Concrete fck 30 N/mm

2
11 Grade of Steel fy 500 N/mm

3
12 Dry unit weight of concrete 25 kN / m
Submerged unit weight of concrete 14 kN / m3
Unit weight of concrete (PCC) 22 kN / m3

13 C/C of expansion Joint 9.96 m

14 Thickness of wearing coat 65 mm

15 Width of the super structure & abutment 16.0 m

Width of the foundation 16.0 m

16 dry unit weight of soil 20 kN / m3

Submerged unit weight of soil - (cl-710.4.7 ) 10 kN / m3

17 Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.2 m height of earth fill.

18 Co efficient of friction (cl-211.5.1.1 (ii) ) 0.5

19 Depth of slab 0.95 m

20 Nature of crossing Square

Skew angle 0.00 Degress

Cos Sin
1.000 0

21 Width of carriageway 11.0 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 244 Mukesh & Associates

300 320 380

2500 500
Road Top Level 916.76

600 300 Thick

B.O.D 915.745
1667 915.745
150 500 915.245
TO 500
0 1000
HFL - 914.080
4800
Bed Level
911.080

908.980

500
900 1400 900 907.580

4800 1000 2300

8100

SECTION AA

4800 1000 2300

500

1800

15000
16000 A A

500

300
500

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 245 Mukesh & Associates

Self Weight of Super structure:

Weight of Deck Slab :

0.95

16.00

Weight of Deck Slab = 9.94 x 0.95 x 25.00 x 16.00

= 3777.2 kN

Weight per support = 1888.6 kN

Crash barrier:-
2
Area = 0.31 m
= 0.31 x 25 = 7.75 KN / m

Total weight of crash barrier / support = 7.75 x 9.96 x 2 / 2 = 77.19 kN / support

Pedestrain railing:-

7.71 x 2 x 9.96 = 76.79 kN

2
Footpath DL
0.3 x 25 x 2x 1.5 9.96 = 112.05 kN
2

Total footpath ,handrail,cras barrier load / support = 266.03 KN / support

Wearing coat:

= 2x 11 x 9.96 = 109.56 kN / support

Total reaction on Abutment = 2264.19 kN / support

Footpath LL load:

= 2x 5x 1.5 x 9.96 = 74.7 kN / support

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 246 Mukesh & Associates

II) Calculation of restoring moment at bottom of foundation :- LWL/DRY condition

S.N Vertical Eccentricity Restoring Moment

Description of Load
o Load(kN) about toe (m) (kNm)

1 (DL + SDL) from super structure 2264.19 2.680 6068.03

2 Weight of dirt wall:-

0.300 x 1.015 x 16.00 x 25 121.80 3.150 383.67

3 Weight of abutment cap:-

1.000 x 0.300 + 0.3000 x 16 x 25 120.00 2.800 336.00
2
0.5 x 0 x 0.15 x 25 x 16 0.00 3.300 0.00
0 x 0.35 x 25 x 16 0.00 3.300 0.00

4 Weight of abutment wall:(above bed level)

4.165 x 1.000 x 16 x 25 1666.00 2.800 4664.80

5 Weight of abutment wall:(below bed level)

2.100 x 1.000 x 16 x 14 470.40 2.800 1317.12

6 Weight of return wall:-(above bed level)

4.800 x 5.680 x 0.500 x 2 x 25 681.60 5.700 3885.12

7 Weight of return wall:-(below bed level)

4.800 x 2.100 x 0.500 x 2 x 14 141.12 5.700 804.38
0.5 x 0.500 x 4.800 x 0.500 x 2 x 14 16.80 6.500 109.20

8 Weight of counterfort for Return wall: -(above BL)

0.300 + 1.329 x 5.680 + 5.68 x 2 x 0.500 23.13 7.850 181.57

2 2 x 25 - 20

9 Weight of counterfort for Return wall: -(below BL)

1.329 + 1.800 x 2.600 + 3.500 x 2 x 0.500 19.09 7.850 149.86

2 2 x 14 - 10

10 Weight of flywing wall :-

0.600 + 2.267 x 2.500 x 0.300 x 2 x 25 53.76 9.108 489.65

11 Weight of base slab:-(below bed level)

8.100 x 16.000 x 0.900 x 14 1632.96 4.050 6613.49
1.000 x 16.000 x 0.500 x 14 112.00 2.800 313.60
0.500 x 4.800 x 0.500 x 14 x 16.000 268.80 4.900 1317.12
0.500 x 2.300 x 0.500 x 14 x 16.000 128.80 1.533 197.45

12 Weight of backfill on heel slab:-(above bed level)

4.800 x 15.000 x 20 x 5.680 8179.20 5.700 46621.44

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 247 Mukesh & Associates

13 Weight of backfill on heel slab:-(below bed level)

4.800 x 15.000 x 10 x 2.100 1512.00 5.700 8618.40
0.500 x 0.500 x 4.800 x 15.000 x 10 180.00 6.500 1170.00

14 Weight of backfill on toe slab:-(below bed level)

2.300 x 16.000 x 2.100 x 10 772.80 1.150 888.72
0.500 x 0.500 x 2.300 x 16.000 x 10 92.00 0.767 70.56

Without front side earth:- 17591.65 83240.90

With front side earth:- 18456.45 84200.18

Self weight of abutment and foundation :-

Without front side earth:- 15327.46 77172.87

With front side earth:- 16192.26 78132.15

DL + SDL + Self weight (scour alround) 7720.45 26831.06

Total abutment weight 5456.26 20763.03

Total Soil Weight

g 10736.00 57369.12

Total toe side earth 864.80 959.28

Total heel side earth 9871.20 56409.84

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 248 Mukesh & Associates

III) Calculation of restoring moment at bottom of foundation :- HFL condition

Eccentricit
S.N Vertical Restoring Moment
Description of Load y about toe
o Load(KN) (Kn - m)
(m)
1 (DL + SDL) from super structure 2264.19 2.680 6068.03

2 Weight of dirt wall:-

0.300 x 1.015 x 16 x 25 121.800 3.150 383.67

3 Weight of abutment cap:-

1.000 x 0.300 + 0.3000 x 16 x 25 120.00 2.800 336.00
2
0.5 x 0 x 0.15 x 25 x 16 0.00 3.300 0.00
0 x 0.35 x 25 x 16 0.00 3.300 0.00

4 Weight of abutment wall:- (above HFL)

1.165 x 1 x 16 x 25 466.00 2.800 1304.80

5 Weight of abutment wall:- (below HFL)

5.100 x 1.000 x 16 x 14 1142.40 2.800 3198.72

6 Weight of return wall:-(above HFL)

4.800 x 2.680 x 0.500 x 2 x 25 321.600 5.700 1833.12

7 Weight of return wall:-(below HFL)

4.800 x 5.100 x 0.500 x 2 x 14 342.720 5.700 1953.50
0.5 x 0.500 x 4.800 x 0.500 x 2 x 14 16.800 6.500 109.20

8 Weight of counterfort for Return wall: -(above HFL)

0.300 + 0.786 x 2.680 + 2.68 x 2 x 0.500 7.28 7.850 57.15

2 2 x 25 - 20

9 Weight of counterfort for Return wall: -(below HFL)

0.786 + 1.800 x 5.600 + 6.500 x 2 x 0.500 31.29 7.850 245.63

2 2 x 14 - 10
10 Weight of flywing wall :-

0.600 + 2.267 x 2.500 x 0.300 x 2 x 25 53.760 9.108 489.65

11 Weight of base slab:-(below HFL)

12 Weight of backfill on heel slab:-(above HFL)

4.800 x 15.000 x 20 x 2.680 3859.20 5.700 21997.44

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 249 Mukesh & Associates

13 Weight of backfill on heel slab:-(below HFL)

4.800 x 15.000 x 10 x 5.100 3672.00 5.700 20930.40
0.500 x 0.500 x 4.800 x 15.000 x 10 180.00 6.500 1170.00

14 Weight of backfill on toe slab:-(below HFL)

2.300 x 16.000 x 2.100 x 10 772.80 1.150 888.72
0.500 x 2.300 x 0.500 x 16.000 x 10 92.000 0.767 70.56

Without front side earth:- 14741.60 68518.97

With front side earth:- 15606.40 69478.25

Self weight of abutment and foundation :-

Without front side earth:- 12477.41 62450.94

With front side earth:- 13342.21 63410.22
DL + SDL + Self weight (scour alround) 7030.40 24421.13

Total abutment weight 4766.21 18353.10

Total Soil Weight 8576.00 45057.12

Total toe side earth 864.80 959.28

Total heel side earth 7711.20 44097.84

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 250 Mukesh & Associates

LWL/DRY condition (Normal case)

IV) Calculation of transverse moment due to dead load and superimposed dead load:-

16.000

0.5 0.5 11.000 0.5 0.5

1.5 1.5

16.000

0.5 15.000 0.5

16.000

NOTE:- The following calculations are applicable for outer side projection of foundation and also for the one
side returnwall on outer side condition.

For foundation :-
MT due to dead load of super structure = 2264.19 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to crash barrier = 77.19 x 7.805 - 7.805 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to wearing coat = 109.56 x 0 = 0 Kn.m

MT due to safety kerb = 266.03 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to sefl weight of dirt wall, = 2378.20 x 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

abutment cap&abutment wall

MT due to earth on back side = 9871.20 x 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to return wall = 419.76 x 7.750 - 7.750 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to flywing wall = 26.88 x 7.85 - 7.85 = 0.00 Kn.m

Net moment due to permenant load = 0.00 - 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

For abutment :-
MT due to dead load of super structure = 2264.19 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to crash barrier = 77.19 x 7.805 - 7.805 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to wearing coat = 109.56 x 0 = 0 Kn.m

MT due to safety kerb = 266.03 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

Net moment due to permenant load = 0.00 - 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 251 Mukesh & Associates

HFL condition (Normal case)

V) Calculation of transverse moment due to dead load and superimposed dead load:-

16.000

0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5

1.5 11.000 0.5

16.000

0.5 15.000 0.5

16.000

NOTE:- The following calculations are applicable for outer side projection of foundation and also for the one
side returnwall on outer side condition.

For foundation :-
MT due to dead load of super structure = 2264.19 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to crash barrier = 77.19

77 19 x 7.805
7 805 - 7.805
7 805 = 0.00
0 00 Kn.m
Kn m

MT due to wearing coat = 109.56 x 0 = 0 Kn.m

MT due to safety kerb = 266.03 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to sefl weight of dirt wall, = 1850.20 x 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

pedestal,abutment cap&abutment wall

MT due to earth on back side = 7531.20 x 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to return wall = 340.56 x 7.750 - 7.750 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to flywing wall = 26.88 x 7.85 - 7.85 = 0.00 Kn.m

Net moment due to permenant load = 0.00 - 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

For abutment :-
MT due to dead load of super structure = 2264.19 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to crash barrier = 77.19 x 7.805 - 7.805 = 0.00 Kn.m

MT due to wearing coat = 109.56 x 0 = 0 Kn.m

MT due to safety kerb = 266.03 x 0.000 = 0.00 Kn.m

Net moment due to permenant load = 0.00 - 0.00 = 0.00 Kn.m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 252 Mukesh & Associates

VI) Calculation of maximum live load Reaction and tranverse moment at bottom of foundation:-
I) Class A - 3 lanes:-
Cos 0 = 1.000
Sin 0 = 0

81 81 342 342

1.1 3.2 0.92 0.28

0.3 9.34 0.32

RA RB
Taking moment about A, RB = 741.57 kN RA = 104.43 kN

Restoring moment, MR = 741.57 x 2.680 = 1987.41 Kn.m

1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8

0.5

0.4

0.5 1.5 11.00 m 1.5

7.300 m 0.5
8m

Transverse Eccentricity = 0.700 m (or) 0.700 m (Square)

0.700 M (or) 0.700 m (Skew)

Transverse moment, M t = 741.6 x 0.700 = 519.10 - 0.00 = 519.10 kNm

= 741.6 x 0.700 = 519.10 + 0.00 = 519.10 kNm

ii) Class 70 R + Class A: -

170 170 170 170

3.050 1.14
1.91 1.37 0 0 0.23

0.3 9.34 0.32

RA RB
Taking moment about A RB = 485.974 kN RA = 194.03 kN
Max.70R +Class A reaction = 733.16
Restoring Moment, MR = 733.16 x 2.680 = 1964.88 kNm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 253 Mukesh & Associates

0.5 170 170 1.88 114 1.8 114 0.5

0.5 1.93 0.5
1.5 1.63 11.00 m 1.5
6.598
8m

Transverse Eccenctricity = 1.402 m (or) 1.402 m (Square)

= 1.402 m (or) 1.402 m (Skew)

Transverse moment, MT = 733.16 x 1.402 = 1027.90 - 0.00 = 1027.9 kNm

= 733.16 x 1.402 = 1027.90 + 0.00 = 1027.9 Kn.m

iii) Class - 70 R Tracked

4.57 m
700 kN
2.285 m 2.285 m

1.985 m 0.32 m
0.3 RA 9.34 m RB

Taking moment about A RB = 148.77

148 77 kN RA = 551.23
551 23 kN

Restoring moment, MR = 551.23 x 2.680 = 1477.30 kNm

0.5 0.5 1.620 2.060

1.5

5.150 m
8m

Transverse Eccentrcity = 2.850 m (or) 2.850 m (Square)

= 2.850 m (or) 2.850 m (Skew)

Transverse moment = 551.230 x 2.850 = 1571.01 - 0.00 = 1571.01 kNm

= 551.230 x 2.850 1571.01 + 0.00 = 1571.01 kNm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 254 Mukesh & Associates

IX) Computation of Earth Pressure:-

Ref code IRC 6-2014, cl 214.1.1

Properties of Soil :-
3
Density of Soil = 20 kN/m
f = Angle of internal friction of backfill soil = 32 0
a = Angle of taper at backside of Stem = 0 0
d = Angle of friction bet wall & Earthfill. (f/3*2) = 21.3333 0
i = Surcharge Angle. = 0 0
2
Safe Bearing Capacity of Founding Strata = 300 kN/m
Vide Cl:5.7.1 of substructure code.

Factor of Safety Ref code IRC 78-2014, cl 706.3.4

Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2 For Normal Condition
Overturning Moment 1.5 Under Seismic Condition
Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5 For Normal Condition
Horizontal Force 1.25 Under Seismic Condition
m = Coefficient of Friction = 0.7 Assumed for Rock Stratas

Calculation of Coeffecient of Active Earth Pressure for inclined back fills .

Based on Substructure Code Ref code IRC 78-2014
Ground Surface Line
i

a f Line

f = Angle of internal friction of backfill soil = 32 = 0.559

a = Angle of taper at backside of Retaining wall = 0 = 0
d = Angle of friction bet wall & Earthfill. (f2/3) = 21.3333 = 0.372
i = Surcharge Angle. = 0 = 0
Ka1 = Coeffecient of Active Earth Pressure.
= Cos2 (f - a) 2
Cos2 ( a ) x Cos ( a + d ) 1 + Sin ( f + d ) x Sin ( f - I )
Cos ( a + d ) x Cos ( a - I )
= 0.719186
1x 0.9314797 x 2.80737
Ka1 = 0.275022
KaH = 0.256178 KaV = 0.10005
Kp1 = 0.719186
1x 0.9314797 x 0.10529
Kp1 = 7.333202

Calculation of Coeffecient of Active Earth Pressure for Vertical back fills .

Degrees Radians

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f = Angle of internal friction of backfill soil = 32 = 0.559

a = Angle of taper at backside of Retaining wall = 0 = 0
d = Angle of friction bet wall & Earthfill. (f2/3) = 21.3333 = 0.372
i = Surcharge Angle. = 0 = 0
Ka2 = Coeffecient of Active Earth Pressure.
= Cos2 (f - a) 2
Cos2 ( a ) x Cos ( a + d ) 1 + Sin ( f + d ) x Sin ( f - I )
Cos ( a + d ) x Cos ( a - I )
= 0.719186
1x 0.9314797 x 2.80737
Ka2 = 0.275022
KaH = 0.256178 KaV = 0.10005

IX) Computation of Earth Pressure:-

I) Normal case:-

Co - officient of earth pressure is computed using columb's formula as follows:

Sin2 (b + f)
2
Sin b sin ( b - d) sin ( f + d) sin ( f - a) 2
sin ( b -d) sin ( a + b)

In the Present case,

b= 90 [ The earth face of abutment being vertical]

a= 0 [ Horizontal over burden]

f= 32 [ Angle of internal friction of back fill material]

d= 2/3 f = 2 x 32 = 21.33 [Angle of wall friction]

Substituting these values,

sin2 90 + 32
sin 2 sin 2
90 90 21.333333 sin 32 +21.3333 sin 32 0
sin 90 21.3333 sin 0 + 90

KaH = 0.275 x cos d = 0.275 x 0.931 = 0.256

KaV = 0.275 x sin d = 0.275 x 0.364 = 0.1000

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Calculation of forces & moments due to earth Pressure at bottom of foundation:-

A) Approach retained conditon:- (Normal case)

RTL - 184.6 Cos 0 = 1

Sin 0 = 0
4.134 2.634

HFL- 181.966 ka = 0.279

3
1.5 (Dry)g = 20 kN / m
3
Bed level 180.466 5.400 (Wet) g = 10 kN / m

3.900
Top of foundation 176.566
1.100
Bottom of foundation 175.466

1) Low Water Level Condition:-

2
Pressure due to soil = 0.279 x 20.00 x 4.134 x 16 = 762.90 kN
2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 762.90 x 0.42 x 4.134 + 5.00 = 5139.11 kNm

Pressure due to soil below LWL :-

Pressure due to soil = 0.279 x 20 x 4.134 x 5.000 x 16 = 1845.42 kN

below LWL

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 1845.42 x 5.000 2 = 4613.55 kNm

2
Pressure due to soil below LWL = 0.279 x 10 x 5.000 x 16 = 558.00 kN
2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 558.00 x 0.33 x 5.000 = 920.7 kNm

Total pressure for LWL condition = 762.90 + 1845.42 + 558.00 = 3166.32 kN

Total moment for LWL condition = 5139.11 + 4613.55 + 920.70 = 10673.36 kNm

2) High Flood Level Condition:-

Pressure due to soil above HFL :-

2
Pressure due to soil = 0.279 x 20.00 x 2.634 x 16 = 309.71 kN
above HFL 2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 309.71 x 0.42 x 2.634 + 6.500 = 2355.74 kNm

Pressure due to soil below HFL :-

Pressure due to surcharge = 0.279 x 20 x 2.634 x 6.500 x 16 = 1528.56 kN

of soil above HFL

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 1528.56 x 6.500 2 = 4967.82 kNm

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2
Pressure due to soil below HFL = 0.279 x 10 x 6.500 x 16 = 943.02 kN
2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = x 943.02 x 0.33 x 6.500 = 2022.78 kNm

Total Horizontal force for HFL 309.71 + 1528.56 + 943.02 = 2781.29 kN

condition =

Total moment for HFL condition = 2355.74 + 4967.82 + 2022.78 = 9346.34 kNm
x

X) Force and Moment due to Fluid Pressure :- (cl-214.1 of IRC - 6 - 2014)

Intensity of fluid pressure = 4.80 kN/m3

Height of wall = 184.6 - 175.47 = 9.134 m

2
Force due to fluid pressure = 4.800 x 9.134 x 16.000 = 3203.71 kN
for entire length 2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 3203.710 x 9.134 = 9754.23 kNm

XI) Calculation of live load surcharge Pressure:

184.6

H2 9.134

175.466
6.700

2
Live load surcharge = 0.279 x 20.00 X 1.2 = 6.700 kN/ m
Pressure

Horizontal force (H2) = 6.700 x 9.134 X 16.000 = 979.16 kN

Moment at founding level due

to H2 = 979.16 X 9.134 = 4471.82 kNm
2

Total Horizontal force = 979.160 kN

Total moment at bottom of foundation = 4471.82 kNm

XII) Force and moment due to buoyancy:-

Buoyancy effect through pore pressure has been considered in self weight
of the substructure, foundation and earth weight itself. So, no need to calculate seperately.

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Calculation of forces & moments due to earth Pressure at bottom of foundation:-

A) Approach retained conditon:- (Normal case)

RTL - 916.76 Cos 0 = 1

Sin 0 = 0
5.68 2.68

HFL- 914.080 ka = 0.1

3 (Dry)= 20 km
Bed level 911.08 5.100 (Wet) = 10 km

2.100
Top of foundation 908.98
1.400
Bottom of foundation 907.58

1) Low Water Level Condition:-

2
Pressure due to soil = 0.1 x 20.00 x 5.68 x 16 = 516.20 kN
2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 516.20 x 3.3 = 1703.46 kNm

Pressure due to soil below LWL :-

Pressure due to = 0.100 x 20 x 5.68 x 3.500 x 16 = 636.16 kN

soil below LWL

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 636.16 x 3.300 1 = 2099.33 kNm

2
Pressure due to soil below LWL = 0.100 x 10 x 3.500 x 16 = 98.00 kN
2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 98.00 x 1 x 3.300 = 323.4 kNm

Total pressure for LWL condition = 516.20 + 636.16 + 98.00 = 1250.36 kN

Total moment for LWL condition = 1703.46 + 2099.33 + 323.40 = 4126.19 kNm

2) High Flood Level Condition:-

Pressure due to soil above HFL :-

2
Pressure due to soil = 0.1 x 20.00 x 2.68 x 16 = 114.92 kN
above HFL 2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 114.92 x x 3.3 + 0.000 = 379.236 kNm

Pressure due to soil below HFL :-

Pressure due to surcharge = 0.100 x 20 x 2.68 x 6.500 x 16 = 557.44 kN

of soil above HFL

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 259 Mukesh & Associates

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 557.44 x 3.300 1 = 1839.55 kNm

2
Pressure due to soil below HFL = 0.100 x 10 x 6.500 x 16 = 338 kN
2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = x 338 x x 3.300 = 1115.4 kNm

Total Horizontal force for HFL 114.92 + 557.44 + 338 = 1010.36 kN

condition

Total moment for HFL condition = 379.24 + 1839.55 + 1115.40 = 3334.19 kNm

X) Force and Moment due to Fluid Pressure :- (cl-217.1 of IRC - 6 - 2014)

Intensity of fluid pressure = 4.80 kN/m3

Height of wall = 916.76 - 907.58 = 9.18 m

2
Force due to fluid pressure = 4.800 x 9.180 x 16.000 = 3236.06 kN
for entire length 2

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 3236.060 x 9.180 = 9902.34 kNm

XI) Calculation of live load surcharge Pressure:

916.76

H2 9.18

907.58
2.400

Live load surcharge 0.1 x 20.00 X 1.2 = 2.400 kN / m2

=
Pressure

Horizontal force (H2) = 2.400 x 9.180 X 16.000 = 352.51 kN

Moment at founding
level due to H2 = 352.51 X 9.18 = 1618.02 kNm
2

Total Horizontal force = 352.510 kN

Total moment at bottom of foundation = 1618.02 kNm

XII) Force and moment due to buoyancy:-

Buoyancy effect through pore pressure has been considered in self weight
of the substructure, foundation and earth weight it self. So, no need to calculate seperately.

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CALCULATION OF LOADS ON THE FOUNDATION

Overall Span of superstructure 9.96 m

Overall width of superstructure 16.00 m

1 Self Weight LWL HFL

Abutment weight 545.63 T 476.62 T
Restoring moment 2076.30 Tm 1835.31 Tm

2 Total heel side earth

Soil Weight 987.12 T 771.12 T
Restoring moment 5640.98 Tm 4409.78 Tm

3 Total toe side earth

Soil Weight 86.48 T 86.48 T
Restoring moment 95.93 Tm 95.93 Tm

4 Earth Pressure ‐ Horizontal

Force due to EP at bottom of footing 316.63 T 278.13 T
Moment due to EP at bottom of footing 1067.34 Tm 934.63 Tm

5 Earth Pressure ‐ Vertical

Force due to EP at bottom of footing 125.04 T 101.04 T
Moment due to EP at bottom of footing 412.62 Tm 333.42 Tm

6 Live Load Surcharge ‐ Horizontal Component

Force due to EP at bottom of footing 97.916 T 97.92 T
Moment due to EP at bottom of footing 447.18 Tm 447.18 Tm

7 Live Load Surcharge ‐ Vertical Component

Force due to EP at bottom of footing 35.251 T 35.25 T
Moment due to EP at bottom of footing 161.80 Tm 161.80 Tm

Maximum of earth / fluid pressure taken for design

8 Fluid Pressure
Force due to EP at bottom of footing 320.37 T 320.37 T
Moment due to EP at bottom of footing 975.42 Tm 975.42 Tm

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LOAD COMBINATION FOR FOUNDATION (SLS load factors)

Length of Abutment = 16.00 m
Length of foundation = 16.00 m
Width of foundation = 8.1 m
Thickness of foundation = 1.4 m

Load Combinations: ‐

When the live load will be on span, the next train of load on embankment will be atleast 20m away from
the backside of dirt wall, Hence there will be no surcharge pressure effect on abutment when live load
will be on span.

For checking base pressure under foundation, unfactored loads shall be used, As per IRC6‐2014

1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE) ‐ ve is overturning

Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 316.63 T
DL of Abutment 545.63 T 2076.30 Tm Total Vertical Load 1657.78 T
Soil Dead Load 987.12 T 5640.98 Tm Total Resisting moment 8129.91 Tm
Earth Pressure / Fluid 316.63 T 1067.34 Tm Total Overturning moment 1067.34 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP / Fluid 125.04 T 412.62 Tm Total Trans. Moment 0 Tm
Total 1657.78 T 316.63 T 1067.34 Tm 8129.91 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 8129.91 = 7.62 safe

1067.34
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

= 1657.78 x 0.5 = 2.617837 safe

316.63

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 8129.91 Tm
Mo = Overturning Moment = 1067.34 Tm
P = Vertical load = 1657.78 Tm
X = 4.26 m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 4.26
= ‐0.21 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 204.6644 x 0.844444
2
= 10.80 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)
= 204.6644 x 1.155556
2
= 14.78 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the abutment structure is Safe under this condition.

2 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (HFL CASE)

Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 278.13 T
DL of Abutment 476.62 T 1835.31 Tm Total Vertical Load 1348.78 T
Soil Dead Load 771.12 T 4409.78 Tm Total Resisting moment 6578.51 Tm
Earth Pressure 278.13 T 934.63 Tm Total Overturning moment 934.63 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 101.04 T 333.42 Tm Total Trans. Moment 0 Tm
Total 1348.78 T 278.13 T 934.63 Tm 6578.51 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 6578.51 = 7.04 safe

934.63
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

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= 1348.78 x 0.5 = 2.424733 safe

278.13

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 6578.51 Tm
Mo = Overturning Moment = 934.63 Tm
P = Vertical load = 1348.78 Tm
X = 4.18 m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 4.18
= ‐0.13 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 166.5157 x 0.903704
2
= 9.41 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)
= 166.5157 x 1.096296
2
= 11.40941 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the abutment structure is Safe under this condition.

3 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)

Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 527.76 T
DL of Abutment 545.63 T 2076.30 Tm Total Vertical Load 1996.93 T
Soil Dead Load 987.12 T 5640.98 Tm Total Resisting moment 9055.14 Tm
Earth Pressure 316.63 T 1067.34 Tm Total Overturning moment 2438.88 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 125.04 T 412.62 Tm Total Trans. Moment 226.84 Tm
Surcharge 35.25 T 97.916 T 447.18 161.80
DL of Superstructure 188.86 T 506.14 Tm
SIDL 26.60
26 60 T 71.30
71 30 Tm
WC 10.96 T 29.36 Tm
LL Maximun 77.48 T 156.63 Tm
bearing force 113.21 T 924.36 Tm
Total 1996.93 T 527.76 T 2438.88 Tm 9055.14 Tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 6.719 226.8442
bearing force (trans) 0.00 T 0.00 Tm
6.72 T 226.84 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 9055.14 = 3.71 safe

2438.88
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

= 1996.93 x 0.5 = 1.891899 safe

527.76

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 9055.14 Tm
Mo = Overturning Moment = 2438.88 Tm
P = Vertical load = 1996.93 Tm
X = 3.31 m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 3.31
= 0.74 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 246.5345 x 1.548148
2
= 23.85 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 263 Mukesh & Associates

= 246.5345 x 0.451852
2
= 6.962316 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the abutment structure is Safe under this condition.

4 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)

Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 489.26 T
DL of Abutment 476.62 T 1835.31 Tm Total Vertical Load 1624.45 T
Soil Dead Load 771.12 T 4409.78 Tm Total Resisting moment 7553.15 Tm
Earth Pressure 278.13 T 934.63 Tm Total Overturning moment 2306.18 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 101.04 T 333.42 Tm Total Trans. Moment 172.53 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 35.25 T 97.92 T 447.18 Tm 161.80 Tm
DL of Superstructure 188.86 T 506.14 Tm
SIDL 26.60 T 71.30 Tm
WC 10.96 T 29.36 Tm
LL MIN 14.00 T 206.03 Tm
bearing force 113.21 T 924.36 Tm
Total 1624.45 T 489.26 T 2306.18 Tm 7553.15 Tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 6.719 172.5332
bearing force (trans) 0.00 T 0.00 Tm
6.72 T 172.53 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 7553.15 = 3.28 safe

2306.18
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

= 1624.45 x 0.5 = 1.660126 safe

489.26

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 7553.15 Tm
Mo = Overturning Moment = 2306.18 Tm
P = Vertical load = 1624.45 Tm
X = 3.23 m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 3.23
= 0.82 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 200.5494 x 1.607407
2
= 20.15 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)
= 16.07793 x 0.951304
2
= 0.96 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the abutment structure is Safe under this condition.

5 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)+WIND

Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 535.97 T
DL of Abutment 545.63 T 2076.30 Tm Total Vertical Load 2012.42 T
Soil Dead Load 987.12 T 5640.98 Tm Total Resisting moment 9055.14 Tm
Earth Pressure 316.632 T 1067.336 Tm Total Overturning moment 2508.45 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 125.04 T 412.62 Tm Total Trans. Moment 505.12 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 35.25 T 97.916 T 447.182 161.80
DL of Superstructure 188.86 T 506.14 Tm
SIDL 26.60 T 71.30 Tm
WC 10.96 T 29.36 Tm
LL Maximun 77.48 T 156.63 Tm
bearing force 113.21 T 924.36 Tm
Wind (Long) 15.49 8.22 69.57
Total 2012.42 T 535.97 T 2508.45 Tm 9055.14 Tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 6.719 226.8442

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bearing force (trans) 0.00 T 0.00 Tm

Wind (trans) 32.86 278.28
39.58 T 505.12 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 9055.14 = 3.61 safe

2508.45
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

= 2012.42 x 0.5 = 1.877352 safe

535.97

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 9055.14 Tm
Mo = Overturning Moment = 2508.45 Tm
P = Vertical load = 2012.42 Tm
X = 3.25 m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 3.25
= 0.8 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 248.45 x 1.592593
2
= 24.73 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)
= 248.447 x 0.407407
2
= 6.33 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the condition.

the abutment structure is Safe under this condition

6 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)+Wind

Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 497.47 T
DL of Abutment 476.62 T 1835.31 Tm Total Vertical Load 1639.94 T
Soil Dead Load 771.12 T 4409.78 Tm Total Resisting moment 7553.15 Tm
Earth Pressure 278.129 T 934.634 Tm Total Overturning moment 2375.75 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 101.04 T 333.42 Tm Total Trans. Moment 450.81 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 35.25 T 97.916 T 447.182 Tm 161.80 Tm
DL of Superstructure 188.86 T 506.14 Tm
SIDL 26.60 T 71.30 Tm
WC 10.96 T 29.36 Tm
LL MIN 14.00 T 206.03 Tm
bearing force 113.21 T 924.3596 Tm
Wind Long 15.49 8.22 69.57
Total 1639.94 T 497.47 T 2375.75 Tm 7553.15 Tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 6.719 172.5332
bearing force (trans) 0.00 T 0.00 Tm
Wind (Trans) 32.86 278.28
39.58 T 450.81 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 7553.15 = 3.18 safe

2375.75
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

= 1639.94 x 0.5 = 1.648281 safe

497.47

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 7553.15 Tm

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Mo = Overturning Moment = 2375.75 Tm

P = Vertical load = 1639.94 Tm
X = 3.16 m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 3.16
= 0.89 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 202.4619 x 1.659259
2
= 21.00 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)
= 202.4619 x 0.340741
2
= 4.31 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the abutment structure is Safe under this condition.

Span not laid condition

7 Abutment + Fluid Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)
Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL case Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 414.55 T
DL of Abutment 545.63 T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2076.30 Tm Total Vertical Load 1693.03 T
Soil Dead Load 987.12 T 0.00 0.00 5640.98 Tm Total Resisting moment 8291.71 Tm
Earth Pressure 0.00 316.63 T 1067.34 Tm 0.00 Total Overturning moment 1514.52 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 125.04 T 0.00 0.00 412.62 Tm Total Trans. Moment 226.84 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 35.25 T 97.92 T 447.18 161.80
Total 1693.03 T 414.55 T 1514.52 Tm 8291.71 Tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 6.719 0 226.8442
bearing force (trans) 0T 0 Tm
6.72 T 226.84 Tm

A) Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 2

Overturning Moment

= 8291.71 = 5.47 safe

1514.52
B) Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.5
Horizontal Force

= 1693.03 x 0.5 = 2.042023 safe

414.55

c) Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation

X = MR‐MO X is the eccentricity of the abutment section w r to

P
MR = Stabilising Moment = 8291.71 Tm
Mo = Overturning Moment = 1514.52 Tm
P = Vertical load = 1693.03 Tm
X = 4m
e = b/2‐x
= Eccentricity of the abutment section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 4.05 ‐ 4
= 0.05 m < 1.35 (b/6)

P toe = P/bx(1+6e/b)
= 209.0164 x 1.037037
2
= 13.55 T/m < 30 T/m safe

P heel = P/bx(1-6e/b)
= 209.0164 x 0.962963
2
= 12.57969 T/m > 0 T/m Safe

Since the Pressures are found to be within Limits ,the abutment structure is Safe under this condition.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 266 Mukesh & Associates

LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR FOUNDATION ‐ Combinations for Equilibrium as per IRC:6‐2014 Table 3.1
Friction for foundation & 0.5
1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE) Moment ‐ ve is overturning
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 474.95 T
DL of Abutment 0.9 491.06 T 0 T 0 Tm 1868.67 Tm Total Vertical Load 1504.51 T
Soil Dead Load 0.9 888.41 T 0 T 0 Tm 5076.89 Tm Total Resisting moment 7358.18 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 474.948 T 1601.004 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 1601.00 Tm
Vert. Comp of EP 1 125.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 412.62 Tm Total Trans Moment 0 Tm
Total 1504.51 T 474.95 T 1601.00 Tm 7358.18 Tm SLIDING = 1.583865 SAFE
OVERTURNING = 4.595977 SAFE
2 Abutment + Earth Pressure only ( HFL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 417.19 T
DL of Abutment 0.9 428.96 T 0 T 0 Tm 1651.78 Tm Total Vertical Load 1224.00 T
Soil Dead Load 0.9 694.01 T 0 T 0 Tm 3968.81 Tm Total Resisting moment 5954.00 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 417.1935 T 1401.951 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 1401.95 Tm
Vert. Comp of EP 1 101.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 333.42 Tm Total Trans Moment 0 Tm
Total 1224.00 T 417.19 T 1401.95 Tm 5954.00 Tm SLIDING = 1.466949 SAFE
OVERTURNING = 4.246941 SAFE
3 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 762.26 T
DL of Abutment 0.9 491.06 T 0 T 0 Tm 1868.67 Tm Total Vertical Load 1751.68 T
Soil Dead Load 0.9 888.41 T 0 T 0 Tm 5076.89 Tm Total Resisting moment 8101.40 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 474.948 T 1601.004 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 3524.16 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 1 125.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 412.62 Tm Total Trans Moment 340.2663 Tm
Surcharge 1.2 42.30 T 117.4992 T 536.6184 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 0.9 169.97 T 0 T 0 Tm 455.53 Tm
SIDL 0.9 23.94 T 0 T 0 Tm 64.17 Tm
Wearing coat 1 10.96 29.36
LL Maximun 0 0.00 T 0 T 0 Tm 0.00 Tm
bearing force 1.5 0.00 T 169.815 T 1386.53947 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 1751.68 T 762.26 T 3524.16 Tm 8101.40 Tm SLIDING = 1.149002 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 340.26633 Tm OVERTURNING = 2.298816 SAFE
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 T 0 Tm
10.0785 T 340.26633 Tm

4 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 704.51
DL of Abutment 0.9 428.96 T 0 T 0 Tm 1651.78 Tm Total Vertical Load 1471.18
Soil Dead Load 0.9 694.01 T 0 T 0 Tm 3968.81 Tm Total Resisting moment 6697.23
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 417.1935 T 1401.951 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 3325.11
Vet. Comp of EP 1 101.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 333.42 Tm Total Trans Moment 258.7998
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 42.30 T 117.4992 T 536.6184 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 0.9 169.97 T 0 T 0 Tm 455.53 Tm
SIDL 0.9 23.94 T 0 T 0 Tm 64.17 Tm
Wearing coat 1 10.96 29.36
LL MIN 0 0.00 T 0 T 0 Tm 0.00 Tm
bearing force 1.5 0.00 169.815 1386.53947 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 1471.18 T 704.51 T 3325.11 Tm 6697.23 Tm SLIDING = 1.044117 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 258.79983 Tm OVERTURNING = 2.014137 SAFE
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 T 0 Tm
10.0785 T 258.79983 Tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 267 Mukesh & Associates

5 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 770.48 T
DL of Abutment 0.9 491.06 T 0 T 0 Tm 1868.67 Tm Total Vertical Load 1767.17 T
Soil Dead Load 0.9 888.41 T 0 T 0 Tm 5076.89 Tm Total Resisting moment 8101.40 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 474.948 T 1601.004 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 3593.73 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 1 125.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 412.62 Tm Total Trans Moment 757.6848 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 42.30 T 117.4992 T 536.6184 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 0.9 169.97 T 0 T 0 Tm 455.53 Tm
SIDL 0.9 23.94 T 0 T 0 Tm 64.17 Tm
Wearing coat 1 10.96 29.36
LL Maximun 0 0.00 T 0 T 0 Tm 0.00 Tm
Wind (Long) 1.5 15.49 8.22 69.57
bearing force 1.5 0.00 169.815 1386.53947 0.00
Total 1767.17 T 770.48 T 3593.73 Tm 8101.40 Tm SLIDING = 1.146804 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 340.26633 Tm OVERTURNING = 2.254314 SAFE
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 T 0 Tm
Wind (trans) 1.5 49.290626 417.418498
59.369126 T 757.684828 Tm

6 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 712.72
DL of Abutment 0.9 428.96 T 0 T 0 Tm 1651.78 Tm Total Vertical Load 1486.67
Soil Dead Load 0.9 694.01 T 0 T 0 Tm 3968.81 Tm Total Resisting moment 6697.23
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 417.1935 T 1401.951 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 3394.68
Vet. Comp of EP 1 101.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 333.42 Tm Total Trans Moment 676.2183
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 42.30 T 117.4992 T 536.6184 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 0.9 169.97 T 0 T 0 Tm 455.53 Tm
SIDL 0.9 23.94 T 0 T 0 Tm 64.17 Tm
Wearing coat 1 10.96 29.36
LL MIN 0 0.00 T 0 T 0 Tm 0.00 Tm
Wind (Long) 1.5 15.49 8.22 69.57
bearing force 1.5 0.00 T 169.815 T 1386.53947 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 1486.67 T 712.72 T 3394.68 Tm 6697.23 Tm SLIDING = 1.04295 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 258.79983 Tm OVERTURNING = 1.97286 SAFE
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 T 0 Tm
Wind (Trans) 1.5 49.290626 T 417.418498 Tm
59.369126 T 676.218328 Tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 268 Mukesh & Associates

LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR FOUNDATION (ULS load factors)

Length of Abutment = 16.00 m (Trans dim) 0.6
Length of foundation = 16.00 m (Trans dim)
Width of foundation = 8.10 m (Long dim)
Thickness of foundation = 1.40 m

Table 3.4 Combination of Base Pressure and Design of Foundation

Combination (1) column (2)

1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE) Moment ‐ ve is overturning

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 474.95 T
DL of Abutment 1.35 736.60 T 0 T 0 Tm 2803.009 Tm Total Vertical Load 2194.24 T
Soil Dead Load 1.35 1332.61 T 0 T 0 Tm 7615.328 Tm Total Resisting moment 10830.96 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 474.948 T 1601.004 Tm 0 Tm Total Overturning Moment 1601.00 Tm
Vert. Comp of EP 1 125.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 412.619 Tm Total Trans Moment 0 Tm
Total 2194.24 T 474.95 T 1601.00 Tm 10830.96 Tm SLIDING = 2.771979 SAFE
OVERTURNING = 6.765103 SAFE
2 Abutment + Earth Pressure only ( HFL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 417.19 T
DL of Abutment 1.35 643.44 T 0 T 0 Tm 2477.67 Tm Total Vertical Load 1785.49 T
Soil Dead Load 1.35 1041.01 T 0 T 0 Tm 5953.21 Tm Total Resisting moment 8764.30 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 417.1935 T 1401.951 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 1401.95 Tm
Vert. Comp of EP 1 101.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 333.42 Tm Total Trans Moment 0 Tm
Total 1785.49 T 417.19 T 1401.95 Tm 8764.30 Tm SLIDING = 2.567854 SAFE
OVERTURNING = 6.251499 SAFE
3 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 694.34 T
DL of Abutment 1.35 736.60 T 0 T 0 Tm 2803.01 Tm Total Vertical Load 2662.81 T
Soil Dead Load 1.35 1332.61 T 0 T 0 Tm 7615.33 Tm Total Resisting moment 12090.99 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 474.948 T 1601.004 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2969.55 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 1 125.04 T 0 T 0 Tm 412.62 Tm Total Trans Moment 340.2663 Tm
Surcharge 1.2 42.30 T 117.4992 T 536.6184 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 T 0 T 0 Tm 683.30 Tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 T 0 T 0 Tm 96.25 Tm
WC 1.75 19.17 T 0 T 0 Tm 51.38 Tm
LL Maximun 1.5 116.22 T 0 T 0 Tm 234.94 Tm
bearing force 0.9 0.00 101.889 831.9237 0.00
Total 2662.81 T 694.34 T 2969.55 Tm 12090.99 Tm SLIDING = 2.301025 SAFE
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 340.2663 Tm OVERTURNING = 4.071663 SAFE
bearing force (trans) 0.9 0 T 0 Tm
10.0785 T 340.2663 Tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 269 Mukesh & Associates

4 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 636.58
DL of Abutment 1.35 643.44 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 2477.67 Tm Total Vertical Load 2158.84
Soil Dead Load 1.35 1041.01 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 5953.21 Tm Total Resisting moment 10098.43
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 417.19 T 1401.95 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2770.49
Vet. Comp of EP 1 101.04 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 333.42 Tm Total Trans Moment 258.7998
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 42.30 T 117.50 T 536.62 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 683.30 Tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 96.25 Tm
WC 1.75 19.17 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 51.38 Tm
LL MIN 1.5 21.00 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 309.04 Tm
bearing force 0.9 0.00 T 101.89 T 831.92 0.00
Total 2158.84 T 636.58 T 2770.49 Tm 10098.43 Tm SLIDING = 2.034781
Transverse OVERTURNING = 0.21378 UN SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 258.7998 Tm OVERTURNING = 3.644994
bearing force (trans) 0.9 0 T 0 Tm
10.0785 T 258.7998 Tm

5 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 701.73 T
DL of Abutment 1.35 736.60 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 2803.01 Tm Total Vertical Load 2676.75 T
Soil Dead Load 1.35 1332.61 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 7615.33 Tm Total Resisting moment 12090.99 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 474.95 T 1601.00 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 3032.16 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 1 125.04 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 412.62 Tm Total Trans Moment 590.7174 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 42.30 T 117.50 T 536.62 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 683.30 Tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 96.25 Tm
WC 1.75 19.17 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 51.38 Tm
LL Maximun 1.5 116.22 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 234.94 Tm
bearing force 0.9 0.00 T 101.89 T 831.92 Tm 0.00 Tm
Wind (Long) 0.9 13.94 T 7.39 T 62.61 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 2676.75 T 701.73 T 3032.16 Tm 12090.99 Tm SLIDING = 2.288702 SAFE
Transverse OVERTURNING = 3.987585 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 340.2663 Tm
bearing force (trans) 0.9 0 T 0 Tm
Wind (trans) 0.9 29.57438 T 250.4511 Tm
39.65 T 590.72 Tm

6 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 643.98
DL of Abutment 1.35 643.44 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 2477.67 Tm Total Vertical Load 2172.78
Soil Dead Load 1.35 1041.01 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 5953.21 Tm Total Resisting moment 10098.43
Earth Pressure 1.5 0.00 T 417.19 T 1401.95 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2833.11
Vet. Comp of EP 1 101.04 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 333.42 Tm Total Trans Moment 509.2509
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 42.30 T 117.50 T 536.62 Tm 194.16 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 683.30 Tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 96.25 Tm
WC 1.75 19.17 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 51.38 Tm
LL MIN 1.5 21.00 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 309.04 Tm
bearing force 0.9 0.00 T 101.89 T 831.92 Tm 0.00 Tm
Wind Long 0.9 13.94 T 7.39 T 62.61 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 2172.78 T 643.98 T 2833.11 Tm 10098.43 Tm SLIDING = 2.024409
Transverse OVERTURNING = 3.564438 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 T 258.7998 Tm OVERTURNING = 3.564438
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 T 0 Tm
Wind (Trans) 0.9 29.57438 T 250.4511 Tm
39.65288 T 509.2509 Tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 270 Mukesh & Associates

LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR FOUNDATION (ULS load factors)

Length of Abutment = 16.00 m (Trans dim) 0.6
Length of foundation = 16.00 m (Trans dim)
Width of foundation = 8.10 m (Long dim)
Thickness of foundation = 1.40 m

Table 3.4 Combination of Base Pressure and Design of Foundation

Combination (2) column (3)

1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE) Moment ‐ ve is overturning

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 411.62 T
DL of Abutment 1 545.63 T 0 T 0 Tm 2076.303 Tm Total Vertical Load 1639.03 T
Soil Dead Load 1 987.12 T 0 T 0 Tm 5640.984 Tm Total Resisting moment 8068.01 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.3 0.00 T 411.6216 T 1387.537 Tm 0 Tm Total Overturning Moment 1387.54 Tm
Vert. Comp of EP 0.85 106.28 T 0 T 0 Tm 350.7262 Tm Total Trans Moment 0 Tm
Total 1639.03 T 411.62 T 1387.54 Tm 8068.01 Tm SLIDING = 2.389126 SAFE
OVERTURNING = 5.81463 SAFE
2 Abutment + Earth Pressure only ( HFL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 361.57 T
DL of Abutment 1 476.62 T 0 T 0 Tm 1835.31 Tm Total Vertical Load 1333.62 T
Soil Dead Load 1 771.12 T 0 T 0 Tm 4409.78 Tm Total Resisting moment 6528.50 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.3 0.00 T 361.5677 T 1215.024 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 1215.02 Tm
Vert. Comp of EP 0.85 85.88 T 0 T 0 Tm 283.41 Tm Total Trans Moment 0 Tm
Total 1333.62 T 361.57 T 1215.02 Tm 6528.50 Tm SLIDING = 2.213065 SAFE
OVERTURNING = 5.373144 SAFE
3 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 600.11 T
DL of Abutment 1 545.63 T 0 T 0 Tm 2076.30 Tm Total Vertical Load 2001.42 T
Soil Dead Load 1 987.12 T 0 T 0 Tm 5640.98 Tm Total Resisting moment 9040.23 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.3 0.00 T 411.6216 T 1387.537 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2574.21 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 0.85 106.28 T 0 T 0 Tm 350.73 Tm Total Trans Moment 294.8975 Tm
Surcharge 1 35.25 T 97.916 T 447.182 Tm 161.80 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1 188.86 T 0 T 0 Tm 506.14 Tm
SIDL 1 26.60 T 0 T 0 Tm 71.30 Tm
WC 1 10.96 T 0 T 0 Tm 29.36 Tm
LL Maximun 1.3 100.72 T 0 T 0 Tm 203.62 Tm
bearing force 0.8 0.00 90.568 739.4877 0.00
Total 2001.42 T 600.11 T 2574.21 Tm 9040.23 Tm SLIDING = 2.001065 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.3 8.7347 T 294.8975 Tm OVERTURNING = 3.511853 SAFE
bearing force (trans) 0.8 0 T 0 Tm
8.7347 T 294.8975 Tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 271 Mukesh & Associates

4 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 550.05
DL of Abutment 1 476.62 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 1835.31 Tm Total Vertical Load 1613.50
Soil Dead Load 1 771.12 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 4409.78 Tm Total Resisting moment 7564.94
Earth Pressure 1.3 0.00 T 361.57 T 1215.02 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2401.69
Vet. Comp of EP 0.85 85.88 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 283.41 Tm Total Trans Moment 224.2932
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1 35.25 T 97.92 T 447.18 Tm 161.80 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1 188.86 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 506.14 Tm
SIDL 1 26.60 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 71.30 Tm
WC 1 10.96 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 29.36 Tm
LL MIN 1.3 18.20 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 267.84 Tm
bearing force 0.8 0.00 T 90.57 T 739.49 0.00
Total 1613.50 T 550.05 T 2401.69 Tm 7564.94 Tm SLIDING = 1.760012
LL +centrifugal 1.3 8.7347 T 224.2932 Tm OVERTURNING = 3.149837
bearing force (trans) 0.8 0 T 0 Tm
8.7347 T 224.2932 Tm

5 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 606.68 T
DL of Abutment 1 545.63 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 2076.30 Tm Total Vertical Load 2013.81 T
Soil Dead Load 1 987.12 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 5640.98 Tm Total Resisting moment 9040.23 Tm
Earth Pressure 1.3 0.00 T 411.62 T 1387.54 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2629.86 Tm
Vet. Comp of EP 0.85 106.28 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 350.73 Tm Total Trans Moment 517.5207 Tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1 35.25 T 97.92 T 447.18 Tm 161.80 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1 188.86 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 506.14 Tm
SIDL 1 26.60 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 71.30 Tm
WC 1 10.96 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 29.36 Tm
LL Maximun 1.3 100.72 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 203.62 Tm
bearing force 0.8 0.00 T 90.57 T 739.49 Tm 0.00 Tm
Wind (Long) 0.8 12.39 T 6.57 T 55.66 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 2013.81 T 606.68 T 2629.86 Tm 9040.23 Tm SLIDING = 1.991644 SAFE
Transverse OVERTURNING = 3.437532 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.3 8.7347 T 294.8975 Tm
bearing force (trans) 0.8 0 T 0 Tm
Wind (trans) 0.8 26.28833 T 222.6232 Tm
35.02303 T 517.5207 Tm

6 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 556.62
DL of Abutment 1 476.62 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 1835.31 Tm Total Vertical Load 1625.89
Soil Dead Load 1 771.12 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 4409.78 Tm Total Resisting moment 7564.94
Earth Pressure 1.3 0.00 T 361.57 T 1215.02 Tm 0.00 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2457.35
Vet. Comp of EP 0.85 85.88 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 283.41 Tm Total Trans Moment 446.9164
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1 35.25 T 97.92 T 447.18 Tm 161.80 Tm
DL of Superstructure 1 188.86 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 506.14 Tm
SIDL 1 26.60 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 71.30 Tm
WC 1 10.96 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 29.36 Tm
LL MIN 1.3 18.20 T 0.00 T 0.00 Tm 267.84 Tm
bearing force 0.8 0.00 T 90.57 T 739.49 Tm 0.00 Tm
Wind Long 0.8 12.39 T 6.57 T 55.66 Tm 0.00 Tm
Total 1625.89 T 556.62 T 2457.35 Tm 7564.94 Tm SLIDING = 1.75259
Transverse OVERTURNING = 3.078497 SAFE
LL +centrifugal 1.3 8.7347 T 224.2932 Tm OVERTURNING = 3.078497
bearing force (trans) 0.8 0 T 0 Tm
Wind (Trans) 0.8 26.28833 T 222.6232 Tm
35.02303 T 446.9164 Tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 272 Mukesh & Associates

ULS Case
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

Toe 2300
Heel 4800
Stem 1000
Depth mid 1400
Depth End 900

Length of foundation = 16.0 m (Trans dim)

Width of foundation = 8.10 m (Long dim)
Thickness of foundation = 1.4 m

case 1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE)

case 2 Abutment + Earth Pressure only ( HFL CASE)
case 3 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)
case 4 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)
case 5 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)+WIND
case 6 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)+WIND

As per Table 3.4 Combination for Base Pressure and Design of Foundation, Combination (1) and (2), Design for max Case

case 1 case 2 case 3 case 4 case 5 case 6

H = Total Horizontal Load = 474.95 417.19 694.34 636.58 701.73 643.98
P = Total Vertical Load = 2194.24 1785.49 2662.81 2158.84 2676.75 2172.78
My = Total Resisting moment = 10830.96 8764.30 12090.99 10098.43 12090.99 10098.43
Total Overturning moment = 1601.00 1401.95 2969.55 2770.49 3032.16 2833.11
Mx = Total Trans. Moment = 0.00 0.00 340.27 258.80 590.72 509.25

x 4.2064402 4.123439 3.425498 3.394386 3.384265 3.343788

e = ‐0.15644 ‐0.07344 0.624502 0.655614 0.665735 0.706212
Ptoe P1 30.83916 = 14.968909 13.02744 30.05098 24.74737 30.83916 25.53555
Pheel P2 7.995041 = 18.892867 14.52636 11.04174 8.568068 10.46871 7.995041
P3 = 16.083119 13.45306 24.65329 20.15325 25.05496 20.55491
P4 = 16.567559 13.63811 22.30647 18.1558 22.54009 18.38942
Toe avg pressure T/sqm = 15.526014 13.24025 27.35214 22.45031 27.94706 23.04523
Heel avg pressure T/sqm = 17.730213 14.08224 16.67411 13.36194 16.5044 13.19223
Lever arm for CG of toe pressure = 1136.2452 1143.839 1187.824 1189.222 1189.669 1191.424
Lever arm for CG of heel pressure = 2452.4598 2425.23 2129.767 2112.984 2107.438 2084.833

Upward force due to pressure on tT = 35.709832 30.45258 62.90991 51.63571 64.27825 53.00404
Moment due to toe pressure Tm = 40.575126 34.83284 74.72588 61.40631 76.46985 63.15028
Self Weight of toe slab T = 5.6125 5.6125 5.6125 5.6125 5.6125 5.6125
Moment due to toe slab self wt = 6.454375 6.454375 6.454375 6.454375 6.454375 6.454375

Shear d distance from abut stem = 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065
1235 1235 1235 1235 1235 1235
Pressure at d distance = 15.484837 13.22452 27.55162 22.62009 28.16083 23.2293
T 18.805188 16.21059 35.5696 29.24941 36.4325 30.1123
Self Weight of toe slab D distance T 3.550625 3.550625 3.550625 3.550625 3.550625 3.550625

NET DESIGN MOMENT FOR TOE in tm = 34.120751 28.37846 68.27151 54.95193 70.01548 56.6959

NET DESIGN SHER FOR TOE T = 15.254563 12.65996 32.01898 25.69878 32.88187 26.56167

Downward load on back side = 18.94 18.94 18.94 18.94 18.94 18.94
= 218.1312 218.1312 218.1312 218.1312 218.1312 218.1312
NET DESIGN MOMENT FOR HEEL Tm = 9.4145533 54.19841 47.6738 82.61016 51.17756 86.11391
NET DESIGN SHER FOR HEEL T = 5.7829776 23.29327 10.85229 26.75071 11.66688 27.5653

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 273 Mukesh & Associates

Design of Foundation
ULTIMATE LIMITE STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112:2011
Max of Combination 1 & Combination 2
As per Table 3.4 Combination for Base Pressure and Design of Foundation
Density Concrete 25

Abutment fck 30 Mpa

Ec 31187 Mpa

Section Properties
Load Case
Condition
LC
Width of Foundn, B (mm)
Depth of Foundn, D (mm)

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

Input Data
3 2
Density of concrete 25 KN/m fy/γs 434.7826 N/mm
2
Grade of concrete fck 30 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec 31187 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
2
Grade of Steel fy 500 N/mm
2
Tensile Strength of concrete fctm 2.5 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)&(P 235)
Partial Modify Fac for concrete γm 1.5 Clause‐6.4.2.8 P‐49
Partial Modify Fac for Steel γs 1.15 Clause‐6.2.2 P‐30
2
Characteristic Yield Strength of Reinforcement fyk 400 N/mm Clause‐6.2.2 P‐29,FIG 6.3
2
Design Yield Strength of Shear Reinforcement fywd 347.83 N/mm (Clause-10.3.3.2,IRC 112-2011, P-91)
Ultimate Compressive Strain in concrete єcu 0.0035 (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel Es 200000 (Clause‐6.2.2,Annexure A.4.4.2, P‐29 IRC 112‐2011)
Modular ratio αe 6.413016 (Clause-12.4.2,Annexure A.4.4.2,IRC 112-2011, P-131)
Ultimate Tensile Strain in Steel ((fy/γs.E
y/γ s+0.0єs 0.0042
Coefficient of influence of the concrete strength α 0.67 Clause-6.4.2.8 IRC 112-2011 P-49
Slenderness Factor λ 0.8 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112-2011, P-242)
Factor η 1 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112-2011, P-242)
fcd αfck/γm 13.40 Clause-6.4.2.8 IRC 112-2011 P-48
Factor Fav = ηfcd/λ 10.72 (Annexure Fig A 2-4,IRC 112-2011, P-243)
Factor λ/2 β 0.4

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

HEEL DESIGN TOE DESIGN

Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 9
Section property
NO of Web 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Width of Beam,B (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10000
Depth of Beam,D (mm) 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150
Design
Design Shear = KN 108.5229 267.5071 116.6688 275.653 320.1898 256.9878 328.8187 265.6167 0
Design Moment = KNm 476.738 826.1016 511.7756 861.1391 682.715 549.519 700.155 566.959 0
No of layers = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dia of Main Bar = mm 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25
Cover to Reinforcement = mm 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Dia of Transverse bar = mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 20
deff provided = 1053 1053 1053 1053 1053 1053 1053 1053 1042.5
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.040 0.069 0.043 0.072 0.057 0.046 0.059 0.048 0.000

k (Web) = 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
fcteff Max of 2.9, fctm = 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90
Act web = 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 6.745
KC 0.4(1‐σc/k1(h/h*)fcteff) 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
Ast min 1016.49 1016.49 1016.49 1016.49 1016.49 1016.49 1016.49 1016.49 10237.61
Limiting Neu axis depth Xu max/d = 0.0035/(0.0035+(.8 fy/Es)+0.002) =0.0035/0.0035+єs
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 480.3 480.3 480.3 480.3 480.3 480.3 480.3 480.3 475.5
Xu mm 42.9 75.3 46.1 78.6 61.9 49.6 63.6 51.2 0.0
Xu >Xu lim Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ast Required mm2 1058.572 1857.562 1137.783 1938.846 1527.141 1223.336 1567.141 1262.946 0
Minimum Reinforcement Required 0.13% 1495 1495 1495 1495 1495 1495 1495 1495 14950

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 274 Mukesh & Associates

Dia of bars mm 20 20 20 20 20 20 2020 25

No Of Bars Required 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 30
No Of Bars Provided 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 62
Spacing of Bars 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 160
Reinf Provided 2826 2826 2826 2826 2826 2826 2826
2826 30418.75
Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral Axis Depth(X) mm 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 11.5
Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok
Ult.Moment of resistance Section kNm 1229.0 1229.035 1229.035 1229.035 1229.035 1229.035 1229.035 1229.035 6281.948
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Check For Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X (Clause 10.3. of IRC:112‐2011)
MED
VRdc Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd chord
Vtd tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
Vpd Shear component of prestressing tendon
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
fctk Characteristic axial tensile strength of concrete (5% fractile)
αcw
VNs VEd ‐Vccd ‐Vtd ‐VPd (‐ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

VEd 108.5229 267.5071 116.6688 275.653 320.1898 256.9878 328.8187 265.6167 0
Vpd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VNs 108.5229 267.5071 116.6688 275.653 320.1898 256.9878 328.8187 265.6167 0
Depth at critical section 1224 1224 1224 1224
K 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.44
S = (Ay)c 0.66125
fctk 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
fctd = fctk/γm 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17
σcp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
αcw 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
v 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
ρ1 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0029
 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15cp] bw > (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*  cp) bw.d Cl.10.3.2
V Rd,c 335.48 335.48 335.48 335.48 356.77 356.77 356.77 356.77 3414.26
V Rd,c 307.61 307.61 307.61 307.61 345.83 345.83 345.83 345.83 3045.41
V Rd,c I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.cp.fc EQ 10.4
Moment of Inertia m4 I 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674 0.12674
V Rd,c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
V Rd,c 335.48 335.48 335.48 335.48 356.77 356.77 356.77 356.77 3414.26
Ved < 3823.4 3823.4 3823.4 3823.4 3823.4 3823.4 3823.4 3823.4 37852.8
V Ed, actual 108.5229 267.5071 116.6688 275.653 320.1898 256.9878 328.8187 265.6167 0
Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 275 Mukesh & Associates

VII) Forces and moment due to longitudinal force:-

I) class - A - 3 lane:- (One lane only being considered as per cl-211.2(a) of IRC - 6-2014)
Horizontal force due to braking, Fh = 0.20 282.00 = 56.40 kN
0.05 x 282.00 = 14.10 kN
Fh / support = 70.50 2 = 35.25 kN
HL = 35.3 x 1 = 35.25 kN
HT = 35.3 x 0 = 0.00 kN

II) 70R Wheeled+Class A :-

Horizontal force due to braking, Fh = 0.2 x 680 = 136.00 kN
+ 0.05 x 282 = 14.10 kN
Fh / support = 150 2 = 75.05
HL = 75.1 x 1 = 75.05 kN
HT = 75.1 x 0 = 0.00 kN

III) 70R Tracked:-

Horizontal force due to braking, Fh = 0.2 x 700 = 140.00 kN
Fh / support = 140 2 = 70.00 kN

HL = 70.0 x 1 = 70.00 kN
HT = 70.0 x 0 = 0.00 kN

Calculation of frictional force from superstructure :- [Ref. Clause 211.5.1.2 of IRC - 6 - 2014]

Frictional force = Rg

Reaction on abutment due to dead load of superstructure = 2264.19 kN

Frictional force =  Rg = 0.5 x 2264.19

= 1132.10 kN

HL = 1132.1 x 1 = 1132.10 kN
HT = 1132.1 x 0 = 0.00 kN

Frictional force per meter length = 1132.10 16.00 = 70.76 kN

This force will act at top of abutment cap level ie. at RL - 915.745

Lever arm at founding level: 915.745 - 907.580 = 8.16 m

Overturning moment (Mo) = 1132.10 x 8.16 = 9237.94 kNm

Longidutinal force due to friction = 1132.10 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 907.580 = 9243.56 kNm

bottom of foundation

Span loaded condition:- Total Longitudinal force = Fh/2 + m Rg

I) Class - A - 3 lanes:-
Total force = 1132.10 + 35.25 = 1167.35 kN

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Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 907.580 9609.49 kNm

bottom of foundation 35.25 x 917.960 - 907.580 =

II) 70R Wheeled + Class A:-

Total force = 1132.10 + 75.05 = 1207.15 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 907.580 = 10022.62 kNm

bottom of foundation 75.05 x 917.960 - 907.580

III) 70R Tracked:-

Total force = 1132.10 + 70.00 = 1202.10 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 907.580 = 9970.20 kNm

bottom of foundation 70.00 x 917.960 - 907.580

Span unloaded condition:-

Total force = 1132.10 + 0.00 = 1132.10 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 907.580 = 9243.60 kNm

bottom of foundation

VIII) Forces and moment due to vertical component of braking force:-

This force will act at 1.2 m above the road level.
I) class - A - 3 lanes:-
Vertical reaction = 70.50 x 1.20 + 916.76 - 915.745 = 16.72 kN
9.34
Restoring moment at = 16.72 x 2.680 = 44.81 kNm
bottom of foundation

II) 70R Wheeled + Class A:-

Vertical reaction = 150.10 x 1.20 + 916.76 - 915.745 = 35.60 kN
9.34
Restoring moment at 35.60 x 2.680 = 95.41 kNm
=
bottom of foundation

III) 70R Tracked:-

Vertical reaction = 140.0 x 1.20 + 916.76 - 915.745 = 33.20 kN
9.34
Restoring moment at = 33.20 x 2.680 = 88.98 kNm
bottom of foundation

Centrifugal force =
R = 750 m
V = 80 kmph
camber = 3.8%

Centrifugal force = 0.067 x 1000 kN = 67.19 kN

Moment @ bottom of abutment = 67.19 x 8.980 = 603.3662 kNm

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 67.19 x 10.380 = 697.43 kNm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 277 Mukesh & Associates

WIND LOAD CALCULATION AS PER IRC: 6- 2014 CL.209

Wind Speed = 39 m/s (Clause 209.3.7-IRC 6:2014) (With LL load)

Ht of the deck above bed level = 0.95 + 1 (ht of superstr+1m Crash barrier)
= 1.950 m
2
Pressure as per table = 0.464 kN/m
2
Design Pressure Pz= = 0.648 kN/m

Force on Superstructure Consider span/2

Force in Transverse direction FT = Pz X A1 X G X Cd (Clause 209.3.3-IRC 6:2014)
G = gust factor = 2
Cd = drag coeff = 1.1 for Slab bridges with b/d>10
1.5 for Box/single beam b/d 2
1.3 for Box/single beam b/d> 6
2.25 for 2 or more Box/ beam b/d 2
1.95 for 2 or more Box/ beam b/d > 6
2.2 for single plate girder
2(1+c/20/d) for multiple plate girders

A1 = 1.95 x 9.96
= 19.422 sqm G 2
FT = 27.690828 kN Cd 1.1

Ft acts at 7.74 m from top of foundation

Ft acts at 9.14 m from bottom of foundation

Force in longtidunal direction = 6.9227071 kN (Clause 209.3.6-IRC 6:2014)

(25% of transverse)

Force in Vertical (+/-) Fv = Pz X A3 X G X CL (Clause 209.3.5-IRC 6:2014)

CL = lift coeff = 0.75 for Slab / box / girders and plate girders
A3 = 9.96 x 16.00
= 159.36 sqm
Fv = 154.91372 kN CL 0.75

Force on Live Load

acting at 1.5 m above the road level. (superstr ht - crash barrier ht) cl209.3.6
Force in Transverse direction FT = Pz X A1 X G X Cd 2
A1 = 2x 0 (Clause 209.3.6-IRC 6:2014)
= 0 sqm G 2
FT = 0 Cd 1.2

Force in longtidunal direction = 0 kN (Clause 209.3.46-IRC 6:2014)

(25% of transverse Box/Plate girder bridge)

Ft acts at 9.24 m from top of foundation

Ft acts at 10.64 m from bottom of foundation
Force on Abutment Cap
Width of Abutment Cap b = 1m t/b = 16
Height of Abutment Cap h = 0.5 m h/b = 0.03125
Length of Abutment Cap t = 16 m
Cd = 0.8 Table 6 IRC 6:2014 G 2
Force in Transverse direction FT = Pz X A1 X G X Cd
A1 = 0.5 sqm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 278 Mukesh & Associates

FT = 0.5184529 kN
Ft acts at 6.515 m from top of foundation
Ft acts at 7.915 m from bottom of foundation (Clause 209.3.6-IRC 6:2014)
Force in Longtidunal direction = 0.1296132 kN (25% of transverse)

Force on Abutment
Width of Abutment b = 1m t/b = 16
Height of Abutment h = 6.265 m h/b = 0.3915625
Length of Abutment t = 16 m
Cd = 0.8 Table 6 IRC 6:2014 G 2
Force in Transverse direction FT = Pz X A1 X G X Cd
A1 = 6.265 sqm
FT = 4.651136 kN
Ft acts at 3.132 m from top of foundation
Ft acts at 4.532 m from bottom of foundation (Clause 209.3.6-IRC 6:2014)
Force in Longtidunal direction = 1.162784 kN (25% of transverse)

Summary of Wind Load

Wind on superstr FT FL
Wind force Vertical 15.491372 t
Wind force Horizontal 27.690828 6.9227071 t
Moment at top of foundation 7.74 214.32701 53.581753 tm
Moment at base of foundn 9.14 253.09417 63.273542 tm

Wind on Abutment Cap

Wind force Horizontal m 0.5184529 0.1296132 t
Moment at top of foundation 6.515 3.3777206 0.8444301 t
Moment at base of foundn 7.915 4.1035546 1.0258887 tm

Wind on Abutment m
Wind force Horizontal 4.651136 1.162784 t
Moment at top of foundation 3.1325 14.569684 3.6424209 tm
Moment at base of foundn 4.5325 21.081274 5.2703185 tm

Total wind load on DL only FT FL

Wind force Horizontal 32.860417 8.2151043 t
Moment at top of foundation 232.27441 58.068604 tm
Moment at base of foundn 278.279 69.56975 tm

Wind on LL FT FL
Wind force Horizontal 0 0
Moment at top of foundation 7.74 0 0 tm
Moment at base of foundn 9.14 0 0 tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 279 Mukesh & Associates

Design of Abutment wall:-

380 320 300
916.76
B.O.D
1.015 915.75 915.745
915.245
1000
7.78 1 H.F.L 914.08

6.765 C.G
B.L 911.08
1000
1 908.98

I) Calculation of restoring moment at bottom of Abutment wall :- LWL/DRY condition

Eccentricity
Restoring
S.N Vertical about CL of
Description of Load Moment
o Load(KN) Abutment
(Kn - m)
wall (m)

1 (DL + SDL) from superstructure 2264.19 0.120 271.70

2 Weight of dirt wall:

wall:-
0.300 x 1.015 x 16 x 25 121.800 -0.350 -42.63

3 Weight of abutment cap:-

1.000 x 0.300 + 0.3000 x 16 x 25 120.00 0.000 0.00
2
0 x 0.250 x 16 x 25 0.00 -0.500 0.00

0.5 x 0 x 0.250 x 16 x 25 0.00 -0.500 0.00

4 Weight of abutment wall:- (above bed level)

4.165 x 1.000 x 16 x 25 1666.00 0.000 0.00

5 Weight of abutment wall:- (below bed level)

2.100 x 1.000 x 16 x 14 470.40 0.000 0.00

Total 4642.39 229.07

Self weight of abutment wall :- Total 2378.20 -42.63

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 280 Mukesh & Associates

II) Calculation of restoring moment at bottom of Abutment wall:- HFL condition

Eccentricity
Restoring
S.N Vertical about Cl of
Description of Load Moment
o Load(KN) Abutment
(Kn - m)
wall (m)

1 (DL + SDL) from super structure 2264.19 0.120 271.70

2 Weight of dirt wall:-

0.300 x 1.015 x 16 x 25 121.800 -0.350 -42.63

3 Weight of abutment cap:-

1.000 x 0.300 x 16 x 25 120.000 0.000 0.00
0 x 0.25 x 16 x 25 0.000 -0.500 0.00
0.5 x 0 x 0.25 x 16 x 25 0.000 -0.500 0.00

4 Weight of abutment wall:

wall:- (above HFL)
1.165 x 1.000 x 25 x 16 466.00 0.000 0.00

5 Weight of abutment wall:- (below HFL)

5.100 x 1.000 x 16 x 14 1142.40 0.000 0.00

Total 4114.39 229.07

Self weight of abutment wall :- Total 1850.20 -42.63

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 281 Mukesh & Associates

III) Calculation of maximum live load Reaction and tranverse moment at bottom
of abutment wall :-

I) Class A - 3 lanes:-

Vertical load = 741.57 kN

Moment due to vertical load = 741.57 x 0.12 = 88.99 kNm

Transverse moment = 519.10 kNm

ii) 70 R wheeled + Class A: -

Vertical load = 733.16 kN

Moment due to vertical load = 733.16 x 0.12 = 87.98 kNm

Transverse moment = 1027.90 kNm

iii) Class - 70 R Tracked

Vertical load = 551.23 kN

Moment due to vertical load = 551.23 x 0.12 = 66.15 kNm

Transverse moment = 1571.01 kNm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 282 Mukesh & Associates

IV) Forces and moment due to longitudinal force:-

Span loaded condition:- Total Longitudinal force = Fh/2 (OR) µg
I) class - A - 3 lanes:-
Total force = 1132.10 + 35.25 = 1167.35 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 908.980 = 7975.21 kNm

bottom of abutment wall 35.25 917.96 - 908.980

II) 70R Wheeled+ Class A :-

Total force = 1132.10 + 75.05 = 1207.15 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 908.980 = 8332.61 kNm

bottom of abutment wall 75.05 917.96 - 908.980

III) 70R Tracked:-

Total force = 1132.10 + 70.00 = 1202.10 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 908.980 == 8287.26 kNm

bottom of abutment wall 70.00 917.96 - 908.980

Horrizontal force in longitudinal direction

Longidutinal force due to friction = 0.5 X 2264.19 = 1132.1 kN

Overturning moment at = 1132.10 x 915.745 - 908.98

bottom of abutment wall
= 7658.63 kNm

V) F
Forces and d momentt due
d tot vertical
ti l componentt off braking
b ki f
force:-
This force will act at 1.2 m above the road level.

I) class - A - 3 lane:-
Vertical reaction = 70.50 x 1.20 + 916.76 - 915.745 = 16.72 kN
9.34

Restoring moment at = 16.72 x 0.120 = 2.01 kNm

bottom of abutment wall

II) 70R Wheeled + Class A :-

Vertical reaction = 150.10 x 1.20 + 916.76 - 915.745 = 35.60 kN
9.34

Restoring moment at = 35.60 x 0.120 = 4.27 kNm

bottom of abutment wall

III) 70R Tracked:-

Vertical reaction = 140.00 x 1.20 + 916.76 - 915.745 = 33.20 kN
9.34

Restoring moment at = 33.20 x 0.120 = 3.98 kNm

bottom of abutment wall

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 283 Mukesh & Associates

VI) Calculation of forces & moments due to earth Pressure at bottom of abutment wall:-
A) Approach retained conditon:- (Normal case)

RTL - 916.76 Cos 0 = 1.000

Sin 0 = 0.000
5.68 2.68
HFL- 914.080 ka = 0.256

3 (Dry)= 20 km

Bed level 911.08 5.100 (Wet) = 10 km

2.1
Top of foundation 908.98
1.400
Bottom of foundation 907.58

1) Low Water Level Condition:-

2
Pressure due to soil = 0.256 x 20 x 7.78 x 16.00 = 2479.24 kN
2
Moment @ bottom of = 2479.24 x 0.42 x 7.78 = 8101.16 kNm
abutment wall

Total Horizontal = 2479.24 kN

Total moment for = 8101.16 kNm

2) High Flood Level Condition:-

Pressure due to soil above HFL :-
2
Pressure due to soil = 0.256 x 20.00 x 2.68 x 16.00 = 294.19 kN
above HFL 2
Moment @ bottom of = 294.19 x 0.42 x 2.68 + 5.100 = 1831.51 kNm
abutment wall

Pressure due to soil below HFL :-

Pressure due to surcharge = 0.256 x 20.00 x 2.68 x 5.100 x 16.00 = 1119.68 kN
of soil above HFL
Moment @ bottom of = 1119.68 x 5.1 2 = 2855.18 kNm
abutment wall
2
Pressure due to soil below HFL = 0.256 x 10 x 5.100 x 16 = 532.68 kN
2
Moment @ bottom of = 532.68 x 0.33 x 5.100 = 896.5 kNm
abutment wall
Total Horizontal force for HFL 294.19 + 1119.68 + 532.68 = 1946.55 kN
condition =
Total moment for HFL condition = 1831.51 + 2855.18 + 896.50 = 5583.19 kNm
x

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 284 Mukesh & Associates

VII) Force and Moment due to Fluid Pressure :- (cl-217.1 of IRC - 6 - 2000)

Intensity of fluid pressure = 4.800 kN/m3

Height of wall = 916.76 - 908.980 = 7.780 m

2
Force due to fluid pressure = 4.800 x 7.780 x 16 = 2324.29 kN
for entier length 2
Moment @ bottom of abutment wall 2324.290 x 7.780 = 6027.66 kNm
3
VIII) Calculation of live load surcharge Pressure:-
916.76

7.78
H2

908.98
6.140

2
Live load surcharge = 0.256 x 20.00 X 1.2 = 6.140 kN/ m
Pressure

Horizontal force (H2) = 6.140 x 7.78 X 16.00 = 764.310 kN

Moment at bottom of
abutment wall = 764.31 X 7.78 = 2973.17 kNm
2
Total Horizontal force = 764.310 kNm

Total Over turning moment = 2973.170 kNm

at bottom of abutment wall

IX) Force and moment due to buoyancy:-

Buoyancy effect through pore pressure has been considered in self weight
of the substructure and earth weight it self. So, no need to calculate seperately.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 285 Mukesh & Associates

VI) Calculation of forces & moments due to earth Pressure at bottom of abutment wall:-
A) Approach retained conditon:- (Normal case)

RTL - 916.76 Cos 0 = 1.000

Sin 0 = 0.000
5.68 2.68
HFL- 914.080 ka = 0.100051

3 (Dry)= 20 km

Bed level 911.08 5.100 (Wet) = 10 km

2.1
Top of foundation 908.98
1.400
Bottom of foundation 907.58

1) Low Water Level Condition:-

2
Pressure due to soil =0.1000513 x 20 x 7.78 x 16.00 = 968.95 kN
2
Moment @ bottom of = 968.95 x x 0.5 = 484.48 kNm
abutment wall

Total Horizontal = 968.95 kN

Total moment for = 484.48 kNm

2) High Flood Level Condition:-

Pressure due to soil above HFL :-
2
Pressure due to soil =0.1000513 x 20.00 x 2.68 x 16.00 = 114.98 kN
above HFL 2
Moment @ bottom of = 114.98 x x 0.5 + = 57.49 kNm
abutment wall

Pressure due to soil below HFL :-

Pressure due to surcharge = 0.100 x 20.00 x 2.68 x 5.100 x 16.00 = 437.60 kN
of soil above HFL
Moment @ bottom of = 437.60 x 0.500 1 = 218.8 kNm
abutment wall
2
Pressure due to soil below HFL = 0.100 x 10 x 5.100 x 16 = 208.19 kN
2
Moment @ bottom of = 208.19 x x 0.500 = 104.1 kNm
abutment wall
Total Horizontal force for HFL 114.98 + 437.6 + 208.19 = 760.77 kN
condition =
Total moment for HFL condition = 57.49 + 218.80 + 104.10 = 380.39 kNm
x

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 286 Mukesh & Associates

VII) Force and Moment due to Fluid Pressure :- (cl-214.1 of IRC - 6 - 2014)

Intensity of fluid pressure = 4.800 kN/m3

Height of wall = 916.76 - 908.980 = 7.780 m

7.78
H2

908.98
2.400

2
Live load surcharge 0.1000513
= x 20.00 X 1.2 = 2.400 kN/ m
Pressure

Horizontal force (H2) = 2.400 x 7.78 X 16.00 = 298.750 kN

Moment at bottom of
abutment wall = 298.75 X 7.78 = 1162.14 kNm
2
Total Horizontal force = 298.750 kN

Total Over turning moment = 1162.140 kNm

at bottom of abutment wall

IX) Force and moment due to buoyancy:-

Buoyancy effect through pore pressure has been considered in self weight
of the substructure and earth weight it self. So, no need to calculate seperately.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 287 Mukesh & Associates

CALCULATION OF LOADS ON THE ABUTMENT

Overall Span of superstructure 9.96 m

Overall width of superstructure 16.00 m

1 Self Weight LWL HFL

Abutment weight 237.82 t 185.02 t
Restoring moment 4.26 tm 4.26 tm

2 Superstructure Weight LWL HFL

Superstructure weight 188.86 t 188.86 t
Restoring moment 22.66 tm 22.66 tm

3 SIDL except surfacing load LWL HFL

Superstructure weight 26.60 t 26.60 t
Restoring moment 3.19 tm 3.19 tm

4 SIDL ‐surfacing load LWL HFL

Superstructure weight 10.96 t 10.96 t
Restoring moment 1.31 tm 1.31 tm

5 Earth Pressure ‐ Horizontal

Force due to EP at bottom of abutment 247.92 t 194.66 t
Moment due to EP at bottom of abutment 810.12 tm 558.32 tm

6 Live Load Surcharge ‐ Horizontal Component

Force due to EP at bottom of abutment 76.431 t 76.43 t
Moment due to EP at bottom of abutment 297.32 tm 297.32 tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 288 Mukesh & Associates

LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR ABUTMENT (ULS load factors)

Length of Abutment = 16 m (Trans dim) 0.6
Length of foundation = 16 m (Trans dim)
Width of foundation = 8.1 m (Long dim)
Thickness of foundation = 1.4 m
As per Table 3.2 Basic combination
1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE) Moment ‐ ve is overturning
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 371.89 t
DL of Abutment 1.35 321.06 t t tm 5.76 tm Total Vertical Load 321.06 t
Earth Pressure 1.5 t 371.89 t 1215.17 tm tm Total Resisting moment 5.76 tm
Total 321.06 t 371.89 t 1215.17 tm 5.76 tm Total Overturning Moment 1215.17 tm
Total Trans Moment 0 tm

2 Abutment + Earth Pressure only ( HFL CASE)

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 291.98 t
DL of Abutment 1.35 249.78 t t tm 5.76 tm Total Vertical Load 249.78 t
Earth Pressure 1.5 t 291.98 t 837.48 tm tm Total Resisting moment 5.76 tm
Total 249.78 t 291.98 t 837.48 tm 5.76 tm Total Overturning Moment 837.48 tm
Total Trans Moment 0 tm
3 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)
factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 659.20 t
DL of Abutment 1.35 321.06 t t tm 5.76 tm Total Vertical Load 747.32 t
Earth Pressure 1.5 t 371.89 t 1215.17 tm Total Resisting moment 5.76 tm
Surcharge 1.2 t 117.4992 t 536.6184 tm Total Overturning Moment 3189.48 tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 t 0 t 30.60 tm Total Trans Moment 340.2663 tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 t 0 t 4.31 tm
WC 1.75 19.17 t 0 t 2.30 tm
LL Maximun 1.5 116.22 t 0 t 13.95 tm
bearing force 1.5 0.00 t 169.815 t 1386.539 tm
Total 747.32 t 659.20 t 3189.48 tm 5.76 tm
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 t 340.2663 tm
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 t 0 tm
10.0785 t 340.2663 tm

4 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 579.30 t
DL of Abutment 1.35 249.78 t t tm 5.76 tm Total Vertical Load 580.83 t
Earth Pressure 1.5 t 291.98 t 837.48 tm Total Resisting moment 5.76 tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 t 117.50 t 536.62 tm Total Overturning Moment 2800.36 tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 t 0.00 t 30.60 tm Total Trans Moment 258.7998 tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 t 0.00 t 4.31 tm
WC 1.75 19.17 t 0.00 t 2.30 tm
LL MIN 1.5 21.00 t 0.00 t 2.52 tm
bearing force 1.5 0.00 t 169.82 t 1386.54 tm
Total 580.83 t 579.30 t 2800.36 tm 5.76 tm
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 t 258.7998 tm
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 t 0 tm
10.0785 t 258.7998 tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 289 Mukesh & Associates

5 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (LWL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for LWL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 666.59 t
DL of Abutment 1.35 321.06 t t tm 5.76 tm Total Vertical Load 761.26 t
Earth Pressure 1.5 t 371.89 t 1215.17 tm Total Resisting moment 5.76 tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 t 117.50 t 536.62 tm Total Overturning Moment 3252.10 tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 t 0.00 t 30.60 tm Total Trans Moment 590.7174 tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 t 0.00 t 4.31 tm
WC 1.75 19.17 t 0.00 t 2.30 tm
LL Maximun 1.5 116.22 t 0.00 t 13.95 tm
bearing force 1.5 0.00 t 169.82 t 1386.54 tm
Wind (Long) 0.9 13.94 t 7.39 t 62.61 tm
Total 761.26 t 666.59 t 3252.10 tm 5.76 tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 t 340.2663 tm
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 t 0 tm
Wind (trans) 0.9 29.57438 t 250.4511 tm
39.65288 t 590.7174 tm

6 Abutment + Earth Pressure + DL + LL + BRAKING + BEARING FRICTION (HFL CASE)+WIND

factors Load Moment
Check for Pressure for HFL Vertical Horizontal Overturn Resisting Total Horizontal Load 586.69 t
DL of Abutment 1.35 249.78 t tm 5.76 tm Total Vertical Load 594.77 t
Earth Pressure 1.5 T 291.98 T 837.48 Tm Total Resisting moment 5.76 tm
Surcharge (LL+SIDL) 1.2 T 117.50 T 536.62 Tm Total Overturning Moment 2862.98 tm
DL of Superstructure 1.35 254.96 T 0.00 T 30.60 Tm Total Trans Moment 509.2509 tm
SIDL 1.35 35.91 T 0.00 T 4.31 Tm
WC 1.75 19.17 T 0.00 T 2.30 Tm
LL MIN 1.5 21.00 T 0.00 T 2.52 Tm
bearing force 1.5 0.00 T 169.82 T 1386.54 Tm
Wind Long 0.9 13.94 T 7.39 T 62.61 Tm
Total 594.77 T 586.69 T 2862.98 Tm 5.76 tm
Transverse
LL +centrifugal 1.5 10.0785 t 258.7998 tm
bearing force (trans) 1.5 0 t 0 tm
Wind (Trans) 0.9 29.57438 t 250.4511 tm
39.65288 t 509.2509 tm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 290 Mukesh & Associates

ULS Case
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT

case 1 Abutment + Earth Pressure only (LWL CASE)

case 1 case 2 case 3 case 4 case 5 case 6

H = Total Horizontal Load = 371.89 291.98 659.20 579.30 666.59 586.69
P = Total Vertical Load = 321.06 249.78 747.32 580.83 761.26 594.77
My = Total Resisting moment = 5.76 5.76 5.76 5.76 5.76 5.76
Total Overturning moment = 1215.17 837.48 3189.48 2800.36 3252.10 2862.98
Mx = Total Trans. Moment = 0.00 0.00 340.27 258.80 590.72 509.25

Input Data
Density of concrete 25 kN/m
3
fy/γs 434.7826 N/mm
2

2
Grade of concrete fck 30 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec 31187 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
2
Grade of Steel fy 500 N/mm
2
Tensile Strength of concrete fctm 2.5 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)&(P 235)
Partial Modify Fac for concrete γm 1.5 Clause‐6.4.2.8 P‐49
Partial Modify Fac for Steel γs 1.15 Clause‐6.2.2 P‐30
2
Characteristic Yield Strength of Reinforcement fyk 400 N/mm Clause‐6.2.2 P‐29,FIG 6.3
2
Design Yield Strength of Shear Reinforcement fywd 347.83 N/mm (Clause-10.3.3.2,IRC 112-2011, P-91)
Ultimate Compressive Strain in concrete єcu 0.0035 (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel Es 200000 (Clause‐6.2.2,Annexure A.4.4.2, P‐29 IRC 112
Modular ratio αe 6.413016 (Clause-12.4.2,Annexure A.4.4.2,IRC 112-201
Ultimate Tensile Strain in Steel (fy/γs.Es+0. єs 0.0042
Coefficient of influence of the concrete strength α 0.67 Clause-6.4.2.8 IRC 112-2011 P-49
Slenderness Factor λ 0.8 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112-2011, P-242)
Factor η 1 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112-2011, P-242)
fcd αfck/γm 13.40 Clause-6.4.2.8 IRC 112-2011 P-48
Factor Fav = ηfcd/λ 10.72 (Annexure Fig A 2-4,IRC 112-2011, P-243)
Factor λ/2 β 0.4

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 291 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT

ABUT STEM DESIGN

case 1 case 2 case 3 case 4 case 5 case 6 Case 5 Case 6
Section property
NO of Web 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Width of Beam,B (mm) 16000 16000 16000 16000 16000 16000 10000 10000
Depth of Beam,D (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Design
Design Shear = kN 3718.86 2919.83 6592.00 5792.97 6665.94 5866.90 0 0
Design Moment = kNm 12151.74 8374.79 31894.84 28003.63 32520.96 28629.75 0 0
No of layers = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dia of Main Bar = mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
Cover to Reinforceme = mm 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Dia of Transverse bar = mm 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
deff provided = 897 897 897 897 897 897 897 897
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.088 0.061 0.231 0.203 0.236 0.207 0.000 0.000
k (Web) = 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
fcteff Max of 2.9,= 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90
Act web = 9.454 9.454 9.454 9.454 9.454 9.454 5.909 5.909
KC 0.4(1‐σc/k1(h/h*)fcteff) 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.391
Ast min 20052.63 20052.63 20052.63 20052.63 20052.63 20052.63 12532.89 12532.89
Limiting Neu axis dept Xu max/d = 0.0035/(0.0035+(.8 fy/Es)+0.002) =0.0035/0.0035+єs
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 409.1 409.1 409.1 409.1 409.1 409.1 409.1 409.1
Xu mm 82.0 55.8 231.1 199.8 236.3 204.8 0.0 0.0
Xu >Xu lim Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
2
Ast Required mm 32340.58892 22022.01 91179.22 78828.24 93207.41 80787.13 0 0
Minimum Reinforcement Required 0.13% 20800 20800 20800 20800 20800 20800 13000 13000
Dia of bars mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
No Of Bars Required 26 26 26 26 26 26 16 16
No Of Bars Provided 120 120 120 120 120 120 62 62
Spacing of Bars 130 130 130 130 130 130 160 160
Reinf Provided 96460.8 96460.8 96460.8 96460.8 96460.8 96460.8 49838.08 49838.08
Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral Axis Depth(X) mm 244.5 244.5 244.5 244.5 244.5 244.5 391.2 391.2
Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok
Ult.Moment of resistance Section kNm 32902.5 32902.46 32902.46 32902.46 32902.46 32902.46 18177.61 18177.61
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 292 Mukesh & Associates

Check For Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X (Clause 10.3. of IRC:112‐2011)

MED
VRdc Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd chord
Vtd tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
Vpd Shear component of prestressing tendon
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
fctk Characteristic axial tensile strength of concrete (5% fractile)
αcw
VNs VEd ‐Vccd ‐Vtd ‐VPd (‐ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8

VEd 3718.86 2919.825 6592.002 5792.967 6665.938 5866.903 0 0
Vpd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VNs 3718.86 2919.825 6592.002 5792.967 6665.938 5866.903 0 0
K 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47
S = (Ay)c 8
fctk 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
fctd = fctk
tk/γm 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17 1 17
1.17
σcp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
αcw 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
v 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
ρ1 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 0.0056 0.0056
 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15cp] bw d > (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*  cp) bw.d Cl.10.3.2
V Rd,c 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 3725.47 3725.47
V Rd,c 4352.93 4352.93 4352.93 4352.93 4352.93 4352.93 2720.58 2720.58
V Rd,c I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.cp.fctd] EQ 10.4
4
Moment of Inertia m I 1.333333333 1.333333 1.333333 1.333333 1.333333 1.333333 1.333333 1.333333
V Rd,c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
V Rd,c 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 6347.21 3725.47 3725.47
Ved < 52111.6 52111.6 52111.6 52111.6 52111.6 52111.6 32569.8 32569.8
V Ed, actual 3718.86 2919.825 6592.002 5792.967 6665.938 5866.903 0 0
Not Reqd Not Reqd Reqd Not Reqd Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 293 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :1

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 5400.68 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 16396.44 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 533.67 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3035.995467 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 7.935 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 200.566 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 30.125522 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  3.974125
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 7.9346536 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 200.56643 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 7.922145746 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 200.4413509 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 262.0293

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 30.12552168 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.012507891 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 0.125078906 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 7.934653636 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 200.5664298 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 294 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :2

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 5411.15 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 16755.09 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 1042.47 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3096.40095 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 8.461 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 208.979 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 30.350942 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  4.039428
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 8.4606313 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 208.97876 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 8.067933856 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 205.0517834 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 261.184

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 30.35094191 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.392697422 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 3.926974219 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 8.460631278 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 208.9787576 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 295 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :3

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 5226.82 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 16687.62 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 1585.58 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3192.690776 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 8.385 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 208.479 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 30.692786 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  4.143525
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 8.3850473 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 208.4785 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 7.993931166 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 204.567343 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 259.9021

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 30.6927862 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.391116094 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 3.911160938 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 8.385047259 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 208.4785039 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 296 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :4

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 4642.39 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 11303.40 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 0.00 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 2434.823442 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 5.961 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 138.9 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 27.279157 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  3.324209
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 5.961092 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 138.89968 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 5.696168552 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 136.2504468 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 272.7032

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 27.27915724 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.264923438 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 2.649234375 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 5.961091989 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 138.8996812 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 297 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :5

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 2378.20 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 8058.53 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 0.00 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3388.499706 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 4.012 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 100.981 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 31.328487 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  4.35521
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 4.0119256 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 100.98149 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 3.823053764 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 99.09276897 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 257.5182

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 31.32848664 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.188871797 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 1.888717969 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 4.011925561 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 100.9814869 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 298 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :7

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 4872.68 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 14322.94 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 533.67 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 2939.437845 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 7.296 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 178.125 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 29.746122 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  3.869738
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 7.2955836 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 178.12502 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 6.95988966 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 174.7680825 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 263.452

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 29.74612245 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.335693906 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 3.356939063 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 7.295583566 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 178.1250216 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 299 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :8

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 4883.15 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 14681.59 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 1042.47 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3006.581817 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 7.45 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 182.82 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 30.012506 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  3.942326
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 7.4497775 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 182.81951 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 7.10567777 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 179.378515 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 262.4531

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 30.01250619 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.344099766 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 3.440997656 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 7.449777536 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 182.8195127 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 300 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :9

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 4698.82 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 14614.12 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 1585.58 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3110.168085 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 7.374 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 182.319 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 30.401103 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  4.054311
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 7.3741935 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 182.31926 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 7.03167508 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 178.8940746 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 260.9959

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 30.40110315 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.342518438 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 3.425184375 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 7.374193517 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 182.319259 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 301 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :10

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 4114.39 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 9229.90 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 0.00 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 2243.32161 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 4.95 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 112.74 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 26.055867 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  3.11718
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 4.9502382 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 112.74044 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 4.733912466 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 110.5771784 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 277.2905

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 26.05586723 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.216325781 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 2.163257813 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 4.950238247 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 112.7404362 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 302 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL Load combination :11

UNIAXIAL BENDING ON RECTANGULAR SECTION
AS PER TABLE 161 OF REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK
ECCENTRICITY 'e' IS GREATER THAN 1.5*D

Input Details:
VERTICAL LOAD= 1850.20 kN Depth
MOMENT,ML= 5985.03 kNm
MOMENT.MT= 0.00 kNm
Breath of the section,b(mm)= 16000
Depth of the section,D(mm)= 1000
Tension Rein.Ast(sq.mm)= 96460.80
comp. Rein.Asc(sq.mm)= 16076.80 Breadth
Cover to tension rein.Dt(mm)= 75
Cover to comp. Rein.D'(mm)= 58.00
Modular ratio,m= 10
Grade of concrete-Mix=M 30
Grade of Steel 500 Dt D'

(Mod with ass. Of N.A)

Eccentricity,e = 3234.801643 mm>0.5 * D Assume N.A X = 375.000 mm
Effective depth,d = 925
0.5 * D = 500 fcr= 3.001 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
Asume depth of N.A,X= 375 mm fst= 74.822 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm
x/d= 0.405405405
K1= 6000000
Determine depth to centroid of stressed area= (0.5K1X+mAstd+(m-1)AscD')/(K1+mAst+(m-1)Asc)
X1= 284.9302628
% Error = 30.835943 < 5%
 (e-X1)/d+1  4.18905
 (X/(2*d))(1-(X/(3*d)))  0.17531 Final Fcr= 3.0010718 N/Sq.mm< 10 N/Sq.mm
 (m-1)(1-(D'/X))  7.608 Final Fst= 74.822242 N/Sq.mm< 200 N/Sq.mm

To determine the stresses substitute evaluateed factors in

fcr= (Nd*)/(2bd+3Asc(1-(D'/d)) fcr= 2.860797678 N/Sq.mm

fst= (fcr(0.5K1+Asc)-Nd)/Ast fst= 73.41950058 N/Sq.mm

Check the above value, X2= 259.3652

X2 = d/(1+fstm*fcr)

% Error = 30.83594288 < 5%

ZT= 42666666667

Fcr due to MT= 0.140274141 N/Sq.mm

Fst due to MT= 1.402741406 N/Sq.mm

Final Fcr= 3.001071818 N/Sq.mm

Final Fst= 74.82224198 N/Sq.mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 303 Mukesh & Associates

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BOTTOM OF ABUTMENT WALL :- (Normal case)

Sl. ML (kNm) MT (kNm) HL (kN) HT (kN)
Load Description V (kN)
No
LWL/DRY condition
1 DL + SDL + sefl wt. 4642.39 229.07 0.00 - -
2 sefl weight 2378.20 -42.63 0.00 - -
HFL condition
3 DL + SDL + sefl wt. 4114.39 229.07 0.00 - -
4 sefl weight 1850.20 -42.63 0.00 - -
5 LIVE LOAD
i) Class - A -3- Lane 741.57 88.99 519.10 -
ii) 70R Wheeled 733.16 87.98 1027.90 -
iii) 7OR Tracked 551.23 66.15 1571.01 -
6 Longitudinal force & moment - - - - -
i) Class - A - 2 - Lane - 7975.21 - 1167.35 0.00
ii) 70R wheeled - 8332.61 - 1207.15 0.00
iii) 70R Tracked - 8287.26 - 1202.10 0.00
iv) span unloaded condition - - - -
7 Vertical component of braking
i) Class - A - 2 - Lane 16.72 2.01 - - -
ii) 70R wheeled 35.60 4.27 - - -
iii) 70R Tracked 33.20 3.98 - - -
8 Earth Pressure (LWL) - 8101 16
8101.16 - 2479.24
2479 24 -
9 Earth Pressure (HFL) - 5583.19 - 1946.55 -
10 Fluid Pressure - 6027.66 - 2324.29 -
11 Live Load surcharge Pressure - 2973.17 - 764.31 -
12 Wind Force -
i) LWL + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136
ii) HFL + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136

Load Combinations: - p , y
dirt wall, Hence there will be no surcharge pressure effect on abutment when live load will be on span.
A) Low water level /DRY condition :- 0.5 D = 0.5 x 1.000 = 0.500 m
a) Span loaded condition:- 1.5 D = 1.5 x 1.000 = 1.500 m
Load Combination:- 1 e = ML / V
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt. (LWL/DRY) 4642.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 LL - Class - A -2 - Lane 741.57 88.99 519.10 0.00 -
3 Longitudinal force&moment
i) Class - A - 2 - Lane - 7975.21 - 1167.35 0.00
4 Vertical component of braking 16.72 2.01 - - -
5 Earth(LWL/DRY) / Fluid Pressure - 8101.16 - 2479.24 -
6 Wind Force
i) LWL/DRY + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136
a)Total without wind 5400.68 16396.44 519.10 3646.590 -
b)Total with wind 5400.68 16396.44 533.67 3646.590 4.651136
e = 3.036 m >1.5D

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 304 Mukesh & Associates

Load Combination:- 2
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(LWL/DRY) 4642.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 LL - 7OR Wheeled 733.16 87.98 1027.90 0.00 -
3 Longitudinal force&moment
i) 7OR Wheeled - 8332.61 - 1207.15 0.00
4 Vertical component of braking 35.60 4.27 - - -
5 Earth(LWL/DRY) / Fluid Pressure - 8101.16 - 2479.24 -
6 Wind Force
i) LWL/DRY + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136
a)Total without wind 5411.15 16755.09 1027.900 3686.390 -
b)Total with wind 5411.15 16755.09 1042.470 3686.390 4.651136
e = 3.096 m >1.5D
Load Combination:- 3
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(LWL/DRY) 4642.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 LL - 70R Tracked 551.23 66.15 1571.01 0.00 -
3 Longitudinal force&moment
i) 70R Tracked - 8287.26 - 1202.10 0.00
4 Vertical component of braking 33.20 3.98 - - -
5 Earth(LWL/DRY) / Fluid Pressure - 8101.16 - 2479.24 -
6 Wind Force -
i) LWL/DRY + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136
a)Total without wind 5226.82 16687.62 1571.010 3681.340 -
b)Total with wind 5226.82 16687.62 1585.580 3681.340 4.651136
e = 3.193 m >1.5D
b) Span unloaded condition:-
Load Combination:- 4
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(LWL/DRY) 4642.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 Longitudinal force&moment
i) Shear deformation - - - 0.00 -
3 Earth(LWL/DRY) / Fluid Pressure - 8101.16 - 2479.24 -
4 Live load surcharge - 2973.17 - 764.31 -
5 Wind Force -
i) unloaded condition - - 0 - 0
a)Total without wind 4642.39 11303.40 0.000 3243.550 -
b)Total with wind 4642.39 11303.40 0.000 3243.550 0
e = 2.435 m >1.5D
c) Span not laid condition:-
Load Combination:- 5
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 self wt.(LWL/DRY) 2378.20 -42.63 0.000 - -
2 Earth(LWL/DRY) / Fluid Pressure - 8101.16 - 2479.24 -
a)Total without wind only 2378.20 8058.53 0.000 2479.240 -
e = 3.388 m >1.5D

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 305 Mukesh & Associates

B) High flood level condition :-

a) Span loaded condition:-
Load Combination:- 7
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(HFL) 4114.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 LL - Class - A -2 - Lane 741.57 88.99 519.10 0.00 -
3 Longitudinal force&moment
i) Class - A - 2 - Lane - 7975.21 - 1167.35 -
4 Vertical component of braking 16.72 2.01 - - -
5 Earth(HFL) / Fluid Pressure - 6027.66 - 2324.29 -
6 Wind Force
i) HFL + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136
a)Total without wind 4872.68 14322.94 519.10 3491.640 -
b)Total with wind 4872.68 14322.94 533.67 3491.640 4.651136
e = 2.939 m >1.5D
Load Combination:- 8
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(HFL) 4114.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 LL - 7OR Wheeled 733.16 87.98 1027.90 0.00 -
3 Longitudinal force&moment
i) 7OR Wheeled - 8332.61 - 1207.15 -
4 Vertical component of braking 35.60 4.27 - - -
5 Earth(HFL) / Fluid Pressure - 6027.66 - 2324.29 -
6 Wind Force
i) HFL + service condition - - 14 5696835
14.5696835 - 4 651136
4.651136
a)Total without wind 4883.15 14681.59 1027.900 3531.440 -
b)Total with wind 4883.15 14681.59 1042.470 3531.440 4.651136
e = 3.007 m >1.5D

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 306 Mukesh & Associates

Load Combination:- 9
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(HFL) 4114.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 LL - 70R Tracked 551.23 66.15 1571.01 0.00 -
3 Longitudinal force&moment
i) 70R Tracked - 8287.26 - 1202.10 -
4 Vertical component of braking 33.20 3.98 - - -
5 Earth(HFL) / Fluid Pressure - 6027.66 - 2324.29 -
6 Wind Force -
i) HFL + service condition - - 14.5696835 - 4.651136
a)Total without wind 4698.82 14614.12 1571.010 3526.390 -
b)Total with wind 4698.82 14614.12 1585.580 3526.390 4.651136
e = 3.110 m >1.5D
b) Span unloaded condition:-
Load Combination:- 10
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 DL+SDL+self wt.(HFL) 4114.39 229.07 0.000 - -
2 Longitudinal force&moment
i) Shear deformation - - - 0.00 -
3 Earth(HFL) / Fluid Pressure - 6027.66 - 2324.29 -
4 Live load surcharge - 2973.17 - 764.31 -
5 Wind Force -
i) unloaded condition - - 0 - 0
a)Total without wind 4114.39 9229.90 0.000 3088.600 -
b)Total with wind 4114.39 9229.90 0.000 3088.600 0
e = 2.243 m >1.5D
c) Span not laid condition:-
Load Combination:- 11
S.no Description V (kn) ML (Kn.m) MT (Kn.m) HL (Kn) HT (Kn)
1 self wt.(HFL) 1850.20 -42.63 0.000 - -
2 Earth(HFL) / Fluid Pressure - 6027.66 - 2324.29 -
a)Total without wind 1850.20 5985.03 0.000 2324.290 -
e = 3.235 m >1.5D

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 307 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN ABUTMENT CAP

Input Data
Density of concrete 25 KN/m
3
fy/γs 434.7826 N/mm
2

2
Grade of concrete fck 30 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec 32000 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
2
Grade of Steel fy 500 N/mm
2
Tensile Strength of concrete fctm 2.5 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)&(P 2
Partial Modify Fac for concrete γm 1.5 Clause‐6.4.2.8 P‐49
Partial Modify Fac for Steel γs 1.15 Clause‐6.2.2 P‐30
2
Characteristic Yield Strength of Reinforcement fyk 400 N/mm Clause‐6.2.2 P‐29,FIG 6.3
2
Design Yield Strength of Shear Reinforcement fywd 347.83 N/mm (Clause-10.3.3.2,IRC 112-2011, P-91
Ultimate Compressive Strain in concrete єcu 0.0035 (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel Es 200000 (Clause‐6.2.2,Annexure A.4.4.2, P‐29
Modular ratio αe 6.25 (Clause-12.4.2,Annexure A.4.4.2,IRC
Ultimate Tensile Strain in Steel (fy/γs.Es+0.00 єs 0.0042
Coefficient of influence of the concrete strength α 0.67 Clause-6.4.2.8 IRC 112-2011 P-49
Slenderness Factor λ 0.8 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112-2011, P-24
Factor η 1 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112-2011, P-24
fcd αfck/γm 13.40 Clause-6.4.2.8 IRC 112-2011 P-48
Factor Fav = ηfcd/λ 10.72 (Annexure Fig A 2-4,IRC 112-2011, P
Factor λ/2 β 0.4

DESIGN ABUTMENT CAP

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 308 Mukesh & Associates

Design of Abutment cap :- (Normal case)

As per clause 710.8 of IRC:78-2014, pier / abutment caps should be suitably designed and
reinforced to take care of concentrated point loads dispersing in pier/abutments

Since abutment cap is resting over the abutment wall for the entire width, no moment is induced.

Hence reinforcements are provided as per clause 710.8.7 of IRC:78-2014.

As per clause 710.8.7 of IRC:78-2014, the reinforcement for the pier and abutment cap shall be of
total minimum of 1% steel, assuming a cap thickness of 225mm. The total steel shall be distributed
equally and provided both at top & bottom in two directions. The reinforcement in the direction of the
length of the abutment shall extend from the end to end of the abutment cap while the reinforcement
at right angles shall extend for the full width of abutment cap and be in the form of stirrups.

300
916.76
Dirt wall
Abutment cap

500 915.745
to 915.245
500 1000

Abutment Wall

For 1 m length

Total area of steel = 1 x 1000 x 300 + 500

100 2

= 4000.00 mm2

(for safer side actual abutment cap thickness is considered instead of 225mm)

Area of steel per face = 4000.00 = 2000.00 mm2/m

2
201.0619
Provide 10 Nos of 16 mm dia bars at top & bottom in the direction of
the length of abutment 2011 mm2

201.0619 Provide 16 mm dia stirrups at 91 mm spacing in perpendicular direction

2209 mm2

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 309 Mukesh & Associates

Design of dirt wall: (Normal case)

916.76

300
1.015
6.14 5.20 915.745
Live load Surcharge
Pressure Active Earth Pressure

Active earth Pressure = 0.256 x 20 x 1.015 = 5.20 kN/m2

2
Live load surcharge pressure = 0.256 x 20 x 1.2 = 6.14 kN/m

Total horizontal force = 0.5 x 5.20 x 1.015 + 6.14 x 1.015

= 8.87 kN/m

Moment at bottom of dirt wall due to = 0.5 x 5.20 x 1.015 x 0.42 x 1.015
earth pressure & liveload surcharge
pressure + 6.14 x 1.015 x 1.015
2
= 4.29 kNm/m
Earth Pressure
Pressure at CG of F from
Pressure at top Force/width
Ka γ ht bottom bottom Moment/width
EP 0.256 20 1.015 0 5.200 2.64 0.426 1.125
LLSC 0.256 20 1.015 6.140 6.14 6.23 0.507 3.163
Calculation of Bending Moment due to live load:
(70R Bogie load governs) 16.00
1.93
4.13
(2.5+1.63)
1.015

Tyre width = 0.86 m

Wearing coat thickness = 0.065 m
Dispersed width at top of DW = 0.99 m
Load disperseal for cantilever, 1.2a+bw = 2.21
C/C of the wheels of the axle 1.93 m
Hence effective width of dispersion = 4.14 m

Breaking force due to liveload = 0.2 x 200 = 40.00 kN (Clause 211.2, of

20% of 20ton IRC 112-2011)
Bending moment = 40.60 kNm

Effective Bending moment/m = 9.81 kNm/m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 310 Mukesh & Associates

Design moment &Shear

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

EP 1.13 2.64 1.50 1.69 3.96
LLSC 3.16 6.23 1.20 3.80 7.48
Braking 9.81 9.67 1.50 14.72 14.50
Total 20.20 25.94

Thickness of Dirt wall = 300 mm

Effective Depth = 220 mm
Cover = 75 mm
Dia of bar = 10 mm fcd = 13.40
2
Moment of resistance of dirt wall = 0.1648 fckbd Fav = 10.72
= 239.290 kNm

Moment of resistance of Dirt Wall MR 239.290

Mu = 20.20 Safe

R = Mu/Fav*b
= 1884.35

x/ d = 1- Sqrt (1-(4xRx0.416/d^2))/ (2*416)

= 0.040

Ast = Mu X 1.15 / (fyk x (1-0.416 .X/d)x d)

= 214.7 mm^2
Minimumn Reinforcement (0.13%)
Astmin = 286.0 mm^2

Ast req = 286.0 mm^2

Earth face Vertical Provide 10 dia@ 150mm c/c = 523.33 mm^2
ok

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 311 Mukesh & Associates

Distribution Steel:-

Distribution steel shall be provided for 0.3 times of the Design Bending moment

30% of the bending moment Mu = 6.06 KN.m

R = 565.31
x/ d = 1- Sqrt (1-(4xRx0.416/d^2))/ (2*416)
= 0.0117
Ast = Mu X 1.15 / (fyk x (1-0.416 .X/d)x d)
= 63.666 mm^2
Ast req = 286.0 mm^2

Other face Vertical & Provide 10 dia@ 150mm c/c = 523.33 mm^2
Horizontal ok

Check for Shear:-

Shear force = 25.94 KN

2
Shear stress Ԏv =Vu/bd = 0.1179 N/mm Give input
100Ast/bd = 0.2379 Refer IRC112:2011,Table A.4.6) 0.15 0.2
Ԏc = 0.20 0.25 0.23
0.1976
If Solid Slab k = 1 (> 300mm) Refer IRC112:2011,Table A.4.7)
kԎc = 0.1976

Shear Reinforcement not Required

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 312 Mukesh & Associates

Design of flywing wall:- (Normal case)

Flywing wall is designed for bending , cantilever from dirtwall.

2500 + 500 + 4300 = 7300 mm
6.14 2500 500

1
7.680 600 2500
0.6
10.070 333 0.33 2250 2
11.770 333 0.33 3 1750
13.480 333 0.33 4 1250 1667
15.180 333 0.33 5 750 1.667
16.890 250
17.750 333 0.33 6
11.610 6.14

Shear force and Bending moment:-

Segment Total Horizontal Moment at face
Length of ULS Shear force
No. From Pressure of counter fort
cantilever(L) (m) 2 Factor 2 (wL)
top. (W) kn / m kNm/m (wL /2)
1 2.500 7.680 1.5 36.00 19.2
2 2.250 10.070 1.5 38.23 22.66
3 1.750 11.770 1.5 27.03 20.6
4 1.250 13.480 1.5 15.80 16.85
5 0.750 15.180 1.5 6.40 11.39
6 0.250 16.890 1.5 0.79 4.22
Maximum 38.23 22.66

Thickness of Flywing wall = 300.00 mm

Effective Depth = 245 mm
Cover = 50mm
Dia of bar = 10mm fcd = 13.40
2
Moment of resistance of Dirt Wall = 0.1648 fckbd Fav = 10.72
= 296.764 kNm

Moment of resistance of Dirt Wall MR 296.764

Mu = 38.23 Safe

R = Mu/Fav*b
= 3566.23

x/ d = 1- Sqrt (1-(4xRx0.416/d^2))/ (2*416)

= 0.061

Ast = Mu X 1.15 / (fyk x (1-0.416 .X/d)x d)

= 368.2 mm^2
Minimumn Reinforcement (0.13%)
Astmin = 318.5 mm^2

Ast req = 368.2 mm^2

Earth face Vertical Provide 12 dia@ 150mm c/c = 753.60 mm^2
ok

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 313 Mukesh & Associates

Distribution Steel:-

Distribution steel shall be provided for 0.3 times of the Design Bending moment

30% of the bending moment Mu = 11.47 KN.m

R = 1069.9
x/ d = 1- Sqrt (1-(4xRx0.416/d^2))/ (2*416)
= 0.018
Ast = Mu X 1.15 / (fyk x (1-0.416 .X/d)x d)
= 108.48 mm^2
Ast req = 368.2 mm^2

Other face Vertical & Provide 12 dia@ 150mm c/c = 753.60 mm^2
Horizontal ok

Check for Shear:-

Shear force = 22.66 KN

2
Shear stress Ԏv =Vu/bd = 0.0925 N/mm Give input
100Ast/bd = 0.3076 Refer IRC112:2011,Table A.4.6) 0.15 0.2
Ԏc = 0.18 0.25 0.23
0.1767
If Solid Slab k = 1 (> 300mm) Refer IRC112:2011,Table A.4.7)
kԎc = 0.1767

Shear Reinforcement not Required

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 314 Mukesh & Associates

Design of End counterfort for Return wall:

3
ka = 0.256  = 18 KN/m

500 300
4300 916.760

1000
7.780 m

6.14 39.83 908.98

Live Load surcharge Pressure Active earth Pressure

Effective width of End counterfort = 0.50 + 4.300 = 2.650 m

Total force transferred from return wall to end counterfort

= 0.5 x 39.83 x 7.780 x 2.650 + 6.14 x 7.780 x 2.650

= 410.588 + 126.588 = 537.18 kN

Bending moment at bottom of counterfort:,

= 410.588 x 0.42 x 7.780 + 126.59 x 7.780

= 1341.64 + 492.43 = 1834.060 KN. m/ m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 315 Mukesh & Associates

300


tan = 1.500
7.780 7.780

Cos  tan = 0.193

2300

) cos 22 = 10.924
500 1800
2300

Spacing of counterfort (effective width resisted by the CF) 4550 mm

Thickness of the counterfort 500 mm
Length of CounterfortS 2300 mm
Normal
Total moment at top of foundation in return wall Force Moment-kNm
From Earth Pressure 410.5876 1341.6359
From LL Surcharge 126.588 492.43
Total /m width 537.176 1834.0647
Force /Moments resisted by each CF 2444.151 8344.994
Depth of resisting Section 2300.0 mm

DESIGN
Density of concrete 25 KN/m
3
fy/γs 434.783 N/mm2
Grade of concrete fck 30 N/mm2
2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec 32000 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
2
Grade of Steel fyk 500 N/mm
2
Tensile Strength of concrete fctm 2.8 N/mm (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
Partial Modify Fac for concrete γm 1.5 Clause‐6.4.2.8 P‐49
Partial Modify Fac for Steel γs 1.15 Clause‐6.2.2 P‐30
2
Characteristic Yield Strength of Reinforcement fyk 400 N/mm Clause‐6.2.2 P‐29,FIG 6.3
2
Design Yield Strength of Shear Reinforcement fywd 347.82609 N/mm (Clause‐10.3.3.2,IRC 112‐2011, P‐91)
Ultimate Compressive Strain in concrete єcu 0.0035 (Table 6.5,IRC 112‐2011,Pg 38)
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel Es 200000 (Clause‐6.2.2,Annexure A.4.4.2, P‐29 IRC 112‐2011)
Modular ratio αe 6.25 (Clause‐12.4.2,Annexure A.4.4.2,IRC 112‐2011, P‐131)
Ultimate Tensile Strain in Steel (fy/γs.Es+0.002) єs 0.0041739
Coefficient of influence of the concrete strength α 0.67 Clause‐6.4.2.8 IRC 112‐2011 P‐49
Slenderness Factor λ 0.8 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112‐2011, P‐242)
Factor η 1 upto 60Mpa (Annexure A.2.9,IRC 112‐2011, P‐242)
fcd αfck/γm 13.4 Clause‐6.4.2.8 IRC 112‐2011 P‐48
Factor Fav = ηfcd/λ 8.9333333 (Annexure Fig A 2‐4,IRC 112‐2011, P‐243)
Factor λ/2 β 0.4
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Design of Counterfort Return Wall

NO of Web = 1
Design Shear = 537.176 KN
Design Moment = 1834.065 KNm
Width of Beam = 500 mm
Depth of Beam = 2300.0 mm
No.Of Layers = 1
Dia of Main. Bar = 20 mm
Cover to Rein = 75 mm
Dia of Transverse Bar = 12 mm
Deff Provided = 2202.987
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) = 0.077621
k (Web) = 0.650
fcteff Max of 2.9, fctm = = 2.90
Act web = = 0.648
KC 0.4(1‐σc/k1(h/h*)fcteff) = 0.392
Ast min = 1376.968
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 1004.762 mm (0.0035/(0.0035+(.8 fy/Es)+0.002) =0.0035/0.0035+єs)
Xu = 176.6655 mm
Xu >Xu lim = Safe
2
Ast Required = 1814.9433 mm
Minimum Reinforcement Required 0.13% 1376.9683 0.13%
Dia of bars = 20 mm
No Of Bars Required = 4
No Of Bars Provided = 8
Spacing of Bars = 45

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 316 Mukesh & Associates

Reinf Provided = 2512

Safe
Neutral Axis Depth(X) = 203.8 mm
Ok
Ult.Moment of resistance Section 2303.7 kNm
MR Safe

Check For Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X (Clause 10.3. of IRC:112‐2011)

MED
VRdc Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
VRd,max Design maximum shear force that can be sustained by the member by crushing of compression struts
VRd,s Design shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
Vccd Design value of shear component of force in compression area in case of inclined compression chord
Vtd Design value of shear component of force in tensile reinforcement in case of inclined tensile chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
Vpd Shear component of prestressing tendon
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
fctk Characteristic axial tensile strength of concrete (5% fractile)
αcw
VNs VEd ‐Vccd ‐Vtd ‐VPd (‐ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)

Case 1
VEd 537.18
Vpd 0
VNs 537.176
K 1.30
S = (Ay)c 1.3225
fctk 2.0 (Clause A.2.2 of IRC:112‐2011,P 235)
fctd = fctk/γm 1.31 (Clause 10.3.1. of IRC:112‐2011 P‐87)
σcp 0 (Clause 10.3.1.
10 3 1 of IRC:112‐2011
IRC:112 2011 P‐87)
P 87)
αcw 1 (Clause 10.3.1. of IRC:112‐2011 P‐87)
v 0.54 (Clause 10.3.2. of IRC:112‐2011 P‐90,EQ 10.6)
ρ1 0.0023 (Clause 10.3.2. of IRC:112‐2011 P‐88)
 45 (Clause 10.2.2.2. of IRC:112‐2011 P‐82)

For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2

VRd,c [0.12*K(80*1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15cp] bw d
V Rd,c 301.42
V Rd,c 277.63
V Rd,c I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.cp.fctd] EQ 10.4 0.2201
Moment of Inertia m4 I 0.445 Prestressed Member
V Rd,c 0 Non‐Prestressed Member
V Rd,c 301.42
Ved < 3999.5
V Ed, actual 537.18
Reqd

Pwmin 0.00079
Asw required mm^2 59.15
Dia of bar mm 12
Spacing provided 150.00
No.of bars 1.00
Asw provided mm^2 1507.2

provide 12 mm dia 2 legged 150.0 mmc/c provided

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 317 Mukesh & Associates

Design of return wall: (Normal case)

The return wall near base will span between the counterfort and the abutment wall.
916.76

7.78 m

6.14 39.83 908.98

Live Load surcharge Pressure Earth Pressure

2
Active earth Pressure = 0.256 x 20 x 7.78 = 39.83 Kn / m

2
Live load surcharge Pressure = 0.256 x 20 x 1.2 = 6.14 Kn / m

45.97 Kn / m2
1 Kn / m

5050
250 500 250
From Stadd Output Refer Annexure-A 5300
5800
Bending moment coefficient: = 2.81

Shear force Coefficient: = 2.44

Design moment &Shear

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

EP 111.76 97.11 1.50 167.64 145.66
LLSC 17.23 14.97 1.20 20.67 17.96
Total 188.32 163.62

Thickness of Return wall = 500 mm

Effective Depth = 417 mm
Cover = 75 mm
Dia of bar = 16 mm fcd = 13.40
Moment of resistance of Dirt Wall = 0.1648 fckbd2 Fav = 10.72
= 859.707 KNm

Moment of resistance of Dirt Wall MR 859.707

Mu = 188.32 Safe

R = Mu/Fav*b
= 17567.08

x/ d = 1- Sqrt (1-(4xRx0.416/d^2))/ (2*416)

= 0.106

Ast = Mu X 1.15 / (fyk x (1-0.416 .X/d)x d)

= 1086.4 mm^2
Minimumn Reinforcement (0.13%)
Astmin = 542.1 mm^2

Ast req = 1086.4 mm^2

Earth face Horizontal Provide 16 dia@ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm^2
ok

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 318 Mukesh & Associates

Distribution Steel:-

Distribution steel shall be provided for 0.3 times of the Design Bending moment

30% of the bending momeMu = 56.50 KN.m

R = 5270.123
x/ d = 1- Sqrt (1-(4xRx0.416/d^2))/ (2*416)
= 0.030699
Ast = Mu X 1.15 / (fyk x (1-0.416 .X/d)x d)
= 315.6381 mm^2
Ast req = 542.1 mm^2

Other face Vertical & Provide 12 dia@ 150 mm c/c = 753.60 mm^2
Horizontal ok

Check for Shear:-

Shear force = 163.62 KN

2
Shear stress Ԏv =Vu/bd = 0.392378 N/mm Give input
100Ast/bd = 0.321279 Refer IRC112:2011,Table A.4.6) 0.5 0.31
Ԏc = 0.26711 0.75 0.37
0.2671
If Solid Slab k = 1 (upto 3Refer IRC112:2011,Table A.4.7)
kԎc = 0.267107

Shear Reinforcement Required

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 319 Mukesh & Associates

Design of Solid Deck slab - 10 m Span

1. Introduction :-
Design of simply supported slab type superstructure is presented in the following
pages.

2. Brief Description of Structure:-

The superstructure comprises of solid R.C.C slab spanning between abutment.

The width of carriageway is 11.00 m and having solid crash barrier on either end

. The wearing coat is laid on the top of deck slab.

3. Design loading:-
The superstructure shall be designed for the following loads: -

Dead Load - Self weight of RCC Slab

Self weight of wearing coat
Self weight of crash barrier

Live Load - Class A

70R wheeled
70R Tracked
70R Bogie load

4.Salient Dimensions:
C/C of expansion joint = 10.0 m

Width of carriage way = 11 m

O/A width of superstructure = 16 m

O/A depth of superstructure

Avg. Thk. = 0.75 m
Avg.Thk. = 0.75 m
Grade of concrete = 30
Grade of steel = 500
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
Nature of crossing = square 25 Degrees

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 320 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Final Detailed Project Report
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh Volume II of VI (Part II(B))

Load calculations
Computation of Effective Span: (Refer: Cl - 7.6.1.1 of IRC - 112 -2011)

Effective span = L1 + d (or) L whichever is smaller.

where, L = Distance from c/c of supports

L1 = Clear span
d= Effective depth of slab = 0.75 - 0.05 - 0.013 = 0.688 m

L= 10 - 0 - 0.00 = 10.000 m
L1 = 10 - 0.75 - 0.60 = 8.650 m

L1 + d = 8.65 + 0.688 = 9.34 m

Effective span = 9.338 m

C t ti off Dead
Computation D d lload
dMMomentt and
d shear
h fforces:
Dead load of Superstructure Comprises of the following components :-

Self weight of deckslab

Self weight of wearing coat

Self weight of Crash barrier

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 321 Mukesh & Associates

1. Computation of deck slab moment:

Deck slab thickness at En = 0.75 m

Self weight = 0.75 x 25 = 18.75 KN/m2

Camber S.w = 0.25 x 25 = 6.25 KN/m2
= 25.00
Consider one metre strip width of slab
BM = 25.00 x 9.338 2 = 272.49 KN.m/m
8

2. Computation of wearing coat moment:

Thickness wearing coat= 0.075 m

Self weight = 0.075 x 22 = 1.65 KN/m2

BM = 1.65 x 9.338 2 = 17.98 KN.m/m

3. Computation of Crash barrier moment (C.G of load acting at 0.195m from outer edge of crash barrier) :
2
Cross sectional area of crash barrier = 0.3094 m

Self weight = 0.3094 x 25 = 7.74 Kn/m

The crash barrier load being a line load near extreme edge of slab and C.G. of load acts at a distance of 195mm from edge
of slab. However the load from crash barrier will be done by a strip width of slab, which is determined as follows. The entire
length of crash barrier will be divided into eight equal division and for computation of effective width of load dispersion,
load of each division is assumed to be concentrated at the centre of each division as illustrated in sketch below.

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 322 Mukesh & Associates

C.L. of support For a single concentrate load effective width may be calculated as follows.
1
(Ref INFORMATIVE ANNEXURE B-3 of IRC-112-2011)

2 beff = a a b1
1 +
Crash barrier lo
3

9338 beff = The effective width of slab on which the load acts.
4
lo = The effective span = 9.338 m
4 a = The distance of C.G. of the concentrated load from the nearer support
4085.375 b1 = The breath of concentration area of load.
3  = A constant depending on the ratio of b/lo
where b = Width of the slab.
2 2918.125
1750.875 a = 0.584 m For segement 1
1 583.63 = 1.751 m For segement 2
= 2.918 m For segement
g 3
C.L. of support = 4.085 m For segement 4

b1 = 0.5 m (Base width of crash barrier)

b / lo = 16000 = 1.71
9338
For b/lo,  = 2.924

For segement - 1, beff = 2.924 x 0.58 x 1 0.584 0.5 = 2.101 m

9.338
For segement - 2, beff = 4.66
For segement - 3, beff = 6.366 m
For segement - 4, beff = 7.219 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 323 Mukesh & Associates

However, since the load dispersion is restricted on the outer side of crash barrier.

Actual beff:- For segement - 1 = 0.50 + 2.101 = 1.301 m

2.00 2
For segement - 2 = 0.50 + 4.66 = 2.58 m
2.00 2
For segement - 3 = 0.50 + 6.366 = 3.433 m
2.00 2
For segement - 4 = 0.50 + 7.219 = 3.86 m
2.00 2

Load on each segement = 7.74 x 1.17 = 9.03 Kn

load intensity of segement - 1 = P1 = 9.03 = 6.94 Kn/m

1.30
load intensity of segement - 2 = P2 = 9.03 = 3.5 Kn/m
2.58
l d iintensity
load t it off segementt - 3 = P3 = 9 03
9.03 = 2 63
2.63 K /
Kn/m
3.43
load intensity of segement - 4 = P4 = 9.03 = 2.34 Kn/m
3.86

4085.375
2918.13
1750.875
583.625
583.625 P1 P2 P3 P4 P4 P3 P1
P2
9338
RA RB
RA = 6.94 + 3.50 + 2.63 + 2.34 = 15.41 Kn/m

Moment @ centre = 15.41 x 4.67 - 2.34 X 0.58363 2.63 x 1.750875 3.5 X 2.92
6.94 X 4.09

= 27.41 Kn.m/m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 324 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Live Load Calculation :

1. Class - A - 2 lane:-
Axle -1 Axle -2 Axle -3 C.G of load Axle -3 Axle -4
27 KN 114 KN 114 68 KN

212 3200 1200.00 57 57 4300 426

4186
9338 mm
4669 4669

Longitudinal Direction

C.G of loading = 114 x 3.20 + 114 x 4.4 + 68 x 8.7 = 4.514

system 27.00 + 114 + 114 + 68 m
= 4.51 - 4.4 0.114 = 57 mm
2 500

9800 1800 1700 1800 400

500 16000
Transverse Direction
Computation of effective width :-
beff = a 1 - a + b1 (Refer cl -B3.2 of IRC - 112 - 2011)
lo
lo = 9.338 m
b = 16 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2.00 x 0.075 = 0.650 m
b = 16 = 1.713  = 2.925 (Refer P - 279 - IRC - 112 - 2011)
lo 9.338
beff for each wheel under Axle - 1 =

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 325 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

2.925 x 0.212 x 1.0 - 0.212 + 0.35 = 0.956

9.338

b1 = 0.2 + 2.00 x 0.075 = 0.350 m

beff for each wheel under Axle - 2 =

2.925 x 3.412 x 1.0 - 3.412 + 0.65 = 6.984

9.338

b1 = 0.5 + 2.00 x 0.075 = 0.650 m

beff for each wheel under Axle - 3 =

2.925 x 4.612 x 1.0 - 4.612 + 0.65 = 7.477

9.338
b1 = 0.5 + 2.00 x 0.075 = 0.650 m
b ff for
beff f each
h wheel
h l under
d A l -4
Axle =

2.925 x 0.426 x 1.0 - 0.426 + 0.53 = 1.719

9.338
b1 = 0.38 + 2.00 x 0.075 = 0.530 m

Axle 1 = 0.5 + 0.4 + 1.70 x 1 + 1.8 x 2 + 0.956

2
= 6.678 < 16 m
Actual beff = 6.678 m

Axle 2 = 0.500 + 0.4 + 1.70 x 1 + 1.8 x 2 + 6.984

2
= 9.692 < 16 m
Actual beff = 9.692 m

Axle 3 = 0.500 + 0.4 + 1.70 x 1 + 1.8 x 2 + 7.477

2
= 9.939 < 16 m
Actual beff = 9.939 m

Axle 4 = 0.500 + 0.4 + 1.70 x 1 + 1.8 x 2 + 1.719

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 326 Mukesh & Associates

2
= 7.060 < 16 m
Actual beff = 7.060 m

Load intensity for Axle - 1 = 27.00 x 2 = 8.09 KN/m

6.68

Load intensity for Axle -2 = 114.00 x 2 = 23.52 KN/m

9.69

Load intensity for Axle -3 = 114.00 x 2 = 22.94 KN/m

9.94

Load intensity for Axle -4 = 68.00 x 2 = 19.26 KN/m

7.06
As per cl 208.2 of IRC:6-2014
Impact factor = 4.5 = 0.293
6 + 9.34

Axle - 1 Axle - 2 Axle -3 Axle - 4

8.09 23.52 22.94 19.26
M
212 3200 3200.00 1200.0 4300 426

9338
RA = 35.32 KN RB = 38.49 KN

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 327 Mukesh & Associates

Taking moment about A,

RB x 9.338 = 8.09 x 0.212 + 23.52 x 3.412 + 22.94 x 4.612

+ 19.26 x 8.912

RB = 38.49 KN RA = 35.32 KN

BM Under Axle - 3 = 35.32 x 4.61 - 8.09 x 4.4 - 23.52 x 1.2

99.08 KN.m/m
BM With impact = 99.08 x 1.29 = 128.110 KN.m / m

2. 70R Wheeled :- CG of load

Axle - 1 Axle - 2 Axle - 3 Axle - 4 Axle - 4
120 170.00 170 170 0 Axle - 5
400 170
769 0 2130 1370.00 400 3050 0 3050 1370 649
4669 2250 9338 4669

C.G of loading system =

170 x 2.1 + 170 x 3.50 + 170 x 6.55 + 170 x 7.92
+ 170 x 2.25 + 0 x 5.300 M
170 x 4.00 + 120
= 4.271 M
= -0.771 0 -
= 0.771 = 0.40 M
2
70 R Wheeled (Column - L)

1930 1630

11940
Transverse Direction 500

810
beff for 70R wheeled :- 0.04 m 360 360

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 328 Mukesh & Associates

0.41 m 0.86
75 mm wearing coat
2790.00
75 810 75
Tyre tread width = 410 - 50.00 = 360 mm
960 (b1)
beff = a 1 - a + b1
lo

Computation of beff for Axle - 1:

b ff =
beff 2 925 x
2.925 0 769
0.769 x 1 00
1.00 - 0 769
0.769 + 0 96
0.96 = 3 024 m
3.024
9.338

Actual beff = 1.512 + 1.93 + 3.024 = 4.954 m

Loading intensity = 120 = 24.22 KN/m

4.954

Computation of beff for Axle - 2:

beff = 2.925 x 2.899 x 1.00 - 2.899 + 0.96 = 6.807 m

9.338

Actual beff = 3.4035 + 1.93 + 6.807 = 8.737 m

Loading intensity = 170 = 19.46 KN/m

8.737

Computation of beff for Axle - 3:

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 329 Mukesh & Associates

beff = 2.925 x 4.269 x 1.00 - 4.269 + 0.96 = 7.738 m

9.34

Actual beff = 3.869 + 1.93 + 7.738 = 9.668 m

Loading intensity = 170 = 17.58 KN/m

9.668

Computation of beff for Axle - 4:

beff = 2.925 x 2.019 x 1.00 - 2.019 + 0.96 = 5.589 m

9.34

Actual beff = 2.7945 + 1.93 + 5.589 = 7.519 m

L di iintensity
Loading t it = 170 = 22 61 KN/m
22.61 KN/
7.519

Computation of beff for Axle - 5:

beff = 2.925 x 0.649 x 1.00 - 0.649 + 0.96 = 2.726 m

9.34

Actual beff = 1.363 + 1.93 + 2.726 = 4.656 m

Loading intensity = 170.00 = 36.51 KN/m

4.656

Axle-1 Axle-2 Axle-3 C.G.Load Axle - 4 Axle-4 Axle - 5 Axle-5

24.22 19.46 17.58 17.81 22.61 0.00 36.51
400 3050
769 0 2130 1370 400 3050 3050 1370 649
2250
9338
RA = 52.61 KN RB = 67.77 KN

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 330 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Taking moment about A,

RB x 9.34 = 24.22 x 0.77 + 19.46 x 2.899 + 17.58 x 4.269 +

22.61 x 7.32 + 36.51 x 9
17.81 x 4.22 + 0.00 x 7.269

RB = 67.77 KN RA = 52.61 KN

BM under Axle - 3 = 52.61 x 4.27 - 24.22 x 3.500 - 19.46 x 1.37

= 113.16189 KNM

As per cl 208.3 of IRC:6-2014

Impact factor for 9.34 m span = 25 %

BM with impact = 113 1619

113.1619 x 1 25
1.25 = 141 45 KN/m
141.45

70R Bogie load : Axle - 1 Axle - 2

305 915
200.00 KN 200 KN
4364 3754
1220
4669 4669
9338
beff for Axle - 1:

beff = 2.925 x 4.364 x 1.00 - 4.364 + 0.96 = 7.759 m

9.34
Actual beff = 0.5 + 1.63 + 1.93 + 7.759 = 7.940 m
2
Loading intensity = 200 = 25.19 KN/m
7.940
beff for Axle - 2:

beff = 2.925 x 3.754 x 1.00 - 3.754 + 0.96 = 7.526 m

9.34
Actual beff = 0.5 + 1.63 + 1.93 + 7.526 = 7.823 m
2

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 331 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Loading intensity = 200 = 25.57 KN/m

7.823

Axle - 1 Axle - 2
305 915
25.19 KN 25.57 KN
4364 3754
1220
4669 4669
9338
RA = 23.70 KN RB = 27.06 KN
Taking moment about A,

RB x 9.34 = 25.19 x 4.36 + 25.57 x 5.584 = RB = 27.06 KN/m

RA = 23.70 KN/m
BM under Axle - 1 = 23.700 x 4.36 = 103.430 Kn.m

Impact factor = 25 %

BM with impact = 103.430 x 1.25 = 129.29 KN/m

Total BM = 129.29 KN/m

70R Tracked :
70R Tracked

2060 1620

500 11000 500

0 16000

70R Tracked loading being UDL, the same is being divided into eight strips to accurately access the distribution pattern of effective width over
length of the entire vehicle.
Total length of Vehicle = 4.57 m
So, length of each segment = 4570.00 = 571.25 mm
8.00
Load as concentrated for each segment = 700 = 87.5 KN
8

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 332 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

87.5 87.5
87.5 87.5 87.50 87.5 87.5 87.5

2384 1 2 3.00 4 4 3 2 1 2384

571.25 571.3 571.25 571.25 571.25 571.25 571.25
571.25
4669 4669

9338
10.84
13.33 11.26 10.97 10.84 10.97 11.26 13.33

571.25
2384 571.25 571.25 571.25 571.25 571.25 2384
571.25 571.25
RA 4669 4669 RB
9338
Taking moment about A,
RB x 9.338 = 13.33 x 2.67 + 11.26 x 3.2409 + 10.97 x 3.8122 +
10.84 x 4.38 + 10.84 x 4.9548 + 10.97 x 5.526 +
11.26 x 6.10 + 13.33 x 8.4814

RB = 48.99 KN RA = 43.81 KN

BM at centre = 43.81 x 4.67 - 10.84 x 0.571 + 10.97 x 1.1425 + 11.26 x 1.714

+ 13.33 x 2.29 = 136.07 KN-m

As per cl 208.2 of IRC:6-2014

Impact factor = 8.7325 %
BM with impact = 136.07 x 1.09 = 147.95 KN-m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 333 Mukesh & Associates

Calculation of beff:

beff = a 1- a + b1  2.924 lo = 9.338 m b1 = 0.84 + 2x 0.075 = 0.99 m

lo
Segment (a) (b1)
Beff (m) Actual beff (m) loading intesity (Kn/m)
No (m) (m)

1 2.670 0.99 = 2.9240 x 2.670 x 1 - 2.670 + 0.99 6.565 = 3.283 43.75 = 13.33
9.338 2 3.283
= 6.565

2 3.241 0.99 = 2.9240 x 3.241 x 1 - 3.241 + 0.99 0.5 + 1.62 +

9.338 2.06 + 7.178 = 87.5
2 7.769
= 7.178 = 7.769 = 11.26

3 3.812 0.99 = 2.9240 x 3.812 x 1 - 3.812 + 0.99 0.5 + 1.62 +

9.338 2.06 + 7.586 = 87.5
2 7.973
= 7.586 = 7.973 = 10.97

4 4.383 0.99 = 2.9240 x 4.383 x 1 - 4.383 + 0.99 0.5 + 1.62 +

9.338 2.06 + 7.790 = 87.5
2 8.075
= 7.790 = 8.075 = 10.84

5 2.670 0.99 = 2.9240 x 2.67 x 1- 2.67 + 0.99 6.565 = 3.283 43.75 = 13.33
9.338 2 3.283
= 6.565

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 334 Mukesh & Associates

Segment (a) (b1)

Beff (m) Actual beff (m) loading intesity (Kn/m)
No (m) (m)

6 3.241 0.99 = 2.9240 x 3.241 x 1- 3.241 + 0.99 0.5 + 1.62 +

9.338 2.06 + 7.178 = 87.5
2 7.769
= 7.178 = 7.769 = 11.26

7 3.812 0.99 = 2.9240 x 3.812 x 1- 3.812 + 0.99 0.5 + 1.62 +

9.338 2.06 + 7.586 = 87.5
2 7.973
= 7.586 = 7.973 = 10.97

8 4.383 0.99 = 2.9240 x 4.383 x 1- 4.383 + 0.99 0.5 + 1.62 +

9.338 2.06 + 7.790 = 87.5
2 8.075
= 7.790 = 8.075 = 10.84

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 335 Mukesh & Associates

JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of
Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I)
Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Summary of bending moment :-

70 R Tracked

1.25 6.96 7.790

16
The dispersion width of safety kerb & live load is not overlaped . So, safety kerb moment is not added
in the Total Design BM.

Design Moment
S.No Loading Type Moment (Kn.m/m)
(Kn.m/m)
1 Deck slab - 272.49 272.49
Wearing - 17.98
2 17.98
coat
Crash
3 - 27.41 27.41
barrier
Total 317.88
4 Live load Class A - 2 lane 128.11
70R wheeled 141.45
147.950
70R Bogie load 129.29
70R Tracked 147.95

S.No DESCRIPTION MOMENT UNIT

1 DL
Self weight 272.49 KN-m / m
2 SIDL-1
Wearing coat 17.98 KN-m / m
3 SIDL-2 (Except Surfacing)
Crash Barrier 27.41 KN-m / m

4 LL-1
Class A - 2 lane 128.11 KN-m / m
70R wheeled 141.45 KN-m / m
70R Bogie load 129.29 KN-m / m
70R Tracked 147.95 KN-m / m
Max 147.95 KN-m / m
A Limit state of Serviceability
DL+ SIDL-1+SIDL-2+LL-1 465.83 KN-m / m
DL+ SIDL-1+SIDL-2+0.75 LL-1 428.84 KN-m / m
Design Bending Moment for SLS (KN-m/m) 465.83 KN-m / m
B Ultimate Limit state

1.35 DL+1.75 SIDL-1+1.35 SIDL-2+1.5LL-1 658.26

KN-m / m
1.35 DL+1.75 SIDL-1+1.35 SIDL-2+1.15 LL-1 606.47 KN-m / m
Design Bending Moment for ULS (KN-m/m) 658.26 KN-m / m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 336 Mukesh & Associates

SUPER STRUCTURE - ULS CASE

ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011

Grade of C fck 30 Mpa

Grade of concrete M = 30 MPa
Grade of steel Fe = 500 MPa

Sectional Properties

No. of webs 1
Width of Section, B = 1000 mm

Depth of Section, D = 750 mm

Area of section (Avg) = 0.750 m2
Perimeter of Section = 3.500 m
Moment of Inertia = 0.035 m4
depth of section m = 0.750 m
CG of Section (bot) = 0.375 m
Z bot of section = 0.094 m3
Z top of section = 0.094 m3
Width of Section = 1.000 m
Area of Section = 0.750 m2
Moment of Inertia = 0.035 m4
depth of section = 0.750 m
CG of Section (bot) = 0.375 m
Z bot of section = 0.094 m3
Z top of girder = 0.094 m3
Z top of Composite = 0.094 m3

(fck) = 30
(fywk) = 500
Ten. strength of conc (f ctm) = 2.60
Design yld of shear reinf f ywd = 0.8*fyk/γ = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (є cu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (E s) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 31000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (є s) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+ 0.0042
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) (.67 0.67
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor () = 1.00
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
.
fcd = (*fck/m) = 13.40
Factor Fav (fcd) = 10.72
Factor  = (/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 337 Mukesh & Associates

DESIGN OF SECTIONS

Width of staad member = 1.00 m

Design Shear = 0.00 KN
Design Moment(Sagging) = 658.26 KNm

Width of beam, Bf = 1000 mm

Depth of beam, D = 750 mm
No of layers = 1
Dia of Main. Bar = 20 mm
cover to reinf. = 50 mm
Dia of Transverse bar = 16 mm
deff provided = 672 mm
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 = 0.14
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 2 = 0.00
Depth required dreqd = (M/0.133 fck b = 406 mm
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = 306.49 mm
Xu in mm for Mom = 97.0 mm

IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim = Safe

Steel required, As for Sag Moment = 2391 mm2
Main Bottom Reinforcement #VALUE!
Steel required, As for Mom 2 = 0 mm2
Check for min reinft. Reqd. =
Minimum Reinf.reqd = = 975 mm2
However Nos of bars required 8 Nos
Provided 8 Nos
Dia of bars = 25 mm
Nos = 8.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 125 mm
Dia of bars = mm
Nos = Nos
Spacing of Bars = mm
Reinf provided = = 3927 mm2
Reinf provided is = Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) = 159 mm
NA is = Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = 1039 kNm
MR = Safe
Transverse Bottom Reinforcement 1.578
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl
= 874
12.3.3) mm2
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl
= 785 20% of reinforcement
16.6.1.1) mm2
Dia of bars = 12 mm
Nos = 10.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 100 mm
Reinf provided = 1131 mm
Reinf provided is Safe
Distribution Reinforcement (Top) 70.686
Minimum Reinf.reqd (IRC 112 - Cl 12.3 = 437 mm2
Dia of bars = 10 mm
Nos = 10.0 Nos
Spacing of Bars = 100 mm
Reinf provided = 785 mm
Reinf provided is Safe
Check for Shear
AS Per clause B3.2 of IRC 112-2011
Slabs designed on the above basis (Actual width of Slab) need not be checked for shear.
Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 338 Mukesh & Associates
JV with Artefact Projects Ltd
Rehabilitation, up gradation and augmentation of two - laning with paved shoulder configuration of Final Detailed Project Report
Koyyuru – Chintapalli – Lambasingi - Paderu section from Km 120+000 to Km 185+000 (Package I) Volume II of VI (Part II(B))
on EPC mode in the state of Andhra Pradesh

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:

Deck slab :-

Bottom rod in longitudinal direction = Provide 25 mm rod 125 c/c

Bottom rod inTranverse direction = Provide 12 mm rod 100 c/c
Top rod in longitudinal direction = Provide 10 mm rod 100 c/c
Top rod in Transverse direction = Provide 10 mm rod 100 c/c

Span = 10.000 m

Depth = 0.750 m

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 339 Mukesh & Associates

CRACK WIDTH VERIFICATION:

For checking the Crack Width, Quasi Permanent Load Combination can be considered, however, to be on conservative, Rate Combination
Is Considered
Procedure set in Clause 12.3.4 in IRC:112-2011 is followed to determine the CRACK WIDTH under the Critical Load Comibation

Crack width of concrete members, Wk can be calculated as below:

Wk = Sr, max. (εsm - εcm)
Sr, max. = Maximum Crack Spacing
εsm = Mean strain in reinforcement under relevant load combination
εcm = Mean strain in concrete between cracks
Design BM, Unfactored = 465.8 kNm/m
Width of the Slab, b = 1000 mm
Overall depth of Slab, D = 750 mm
Steel Reinforcement Details
Spacing, mm Steel, Percentage
Steel Reinforcement Bar Dia, ɸ mm % Ratio Clear Cover, mm
c/c mm2/m Steel, %
In Tension 25 125 3925 0.571 0.0057 50
In Compression 10 100 785 0.114 0.0011 50
c = Clear Cover for Tensile Steel
= 50.000 mm
Cover For Compression Steel = 50.000 mm
Effective Cover to Comp. Steel = 55.000
Effective Depth, d effective = 687.500 mm
Modular Ratio, m = 10.000
fck = 30
fy = 500
Ec = 31000 N/mm2 From Table 6.5 of IRC:112 - 2011
Esteel = 200000 N/mm2
pt = 0.0057
Taking moments of areas of the cracked transformed section about NA
b x X2/2 + (1.5m -1) x A sc x (X - d') = m x Ast x (d - X)
X2 + 100.48 X - 52759.850 = 0
X = 184.89 mm
Neutral Axis Depth = 184.89 mm
Icr = b x x / 3 + m x A st x (deffective - x)2
3

= 1E+10 mm4
2
σsc = 194.8 N/mm
ae = Es/Ecm
ae = 6.451612903
ρρ,eff. = As/Ac.eff.
2
As = 3925 mm
Ac.eff. = Effective Area of Concrete surrounding the Reinforcement
It is estimated as below - refer Fig. 12.2 of IRC:112 - 2011
h = 750 mm
d = 687.5 mm
x = 184.89 mm
2.5 x (h - d) = 156.25 mm
(h - x/3) = 688.4 mm
h/2 = 375 mm
hc, eff = 156.25 mm
2
Ac.eff. = 156250 mm

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 340 Mukesh & Associates

ρρ,eff. = 0.0251
kt = 0.5
fct, effective = fctm
= 2.5 N/mm2 From Table 6.5 of IRC:112 - 2011
kt x {fct, eff/ρρ. Eff)*{1+ae x ρρ. Eff}
= 57.83
(εsm - εcm) = 0.00
or 0.0006 whichever is more
Hence, (εsm - εcm) = 0.0007
5 x (c + f/2) = 312.5 mm
5 x (c + f/2) is less than Steel Spacing
Hence, Sr max. = 3.4 x c + 0.17 x f/ρp,eff.
Refer, Eq. qw.8 of IRC:112-2011
Sr max. = 339.19 mm
Wk = 0.232 mm
Refer Table 12.1 of IRC:112,
Condition of Exposure Moderate as per Clause 14.3.2 of IRC:112
Structure RCC
Load Combo Quasi Permanent Load Combination
Allowable Crack width = 0.3 mm
SAFE, CRACK WIDTH IS WITNIN LIMIT

Check for Deflection .

Downward deflection is given by Δ
= 1 MxL2
x
32 ExI
M = Moment = 465.83 kNm
L = Span = 9.338 m
E = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 31000 Mpa
I = Moment of Inertia = 0.0625 m4
= 1 x 0.46583 x 9.338 2
Δ1
32 x 31000 x 0.0625
= 0.00065515 m
= 0.65515416 mm

Permissible Deflection
= L = 9.338 = 11.6725 mm
800 800
HenceO.K

Ministry of Road Transport & Highway 341 Mukesh & Associates

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