A.
Short Answer (1–25)
1. What is heat?
Heat is a form of energy that makes substances hot or increases their temperature.
2. What is temperature?
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
3. SI unit of temperature?
Kelvin (K), but Celsius (°C) is commonly used.
4. Name three ways heat is transferred.
Conduction, Convection, Radiation.
5. What is conduction?
Transfer of heat in solids from hot part to cold part.
6. Example of conduction?
Heating a metal rod from one end.
7. What is convection?
Transfer of heat in liquids and gases through movement of particles.
8. Example of convection?
Boiling water in a pot.
9. What is radiation?
Transfer of heat through vacuum by electromagnetic waves.
10. Example of radiation?
Sunlight reaching Earth.
11. What is a conductor?
A substance that allows heat to pass easily (e.g., copper).
12. What is an insulator?
A substance that does not allow heat to pass easily (e.g., wood).
13. Why does metal feel cold in winter?
Because it conducts heat away from our body quickly.
14. Why wear wool in winter?
Wool traps air and prevents heat loss from body.
15. What is sea breeze?
Cool air from the sea moving towards land during day.
16. What is land breeze?
Cool air from land moving towards sea at night.
17. Clinical thermometer range?
35°C to 42°C.
18. Normal human body temperature?
37°C or 98.6°F.
19. Why is air a poor conductor?
Its particles are far apart, so heat doesn't pass easily.
20. Why is cooking pan’s handle plastic-coated?
To prevent heat conduction and protect hands.
21. Why is a black car hotter in sun?
Black absorbs more heat.
22. Why is vacuum flask effective?
It prevents all three modes of heat transfer.
B. Long/Conceptual Answer (26–50)
26. Explain how heat is transferred in solids.
By conduction – particles vibrate and transfer heat to neighbors.
27. Explain convection with an example.
In boiling water, hot water rises and cool water sinks creating convection currents.
28. Why do we feel hot near a fire?
Due to radiation from flames and convection currents of hot air.
29. Why can't radiation occur in solids?
Radiation does not require medium; conduction is dominant in solids.
30. How is heat transferred in space?
By radiation, since there is no air or medium.
31. How does a wool sweater keep us warm?
It traps body heat and prevents loss due to poor conductivity.
32. Why do tiles feel colder than carpet?
Tiles conduct heat faster away from our body.
33. What causes sea breeze during day?
Land heats faster; warm air rises and cooler sea air moves in.
34. Why do we feel cold under a fan?
The moving air evaporates sweat, cooling the body.
35. Why is silver used in thermos flask?
Silver coating reflects heat and prevents radiation loss.
36. Difference between conductor and insulator?
Conductor allows heat flow; insulator resists it.
37. What are the precautions in using clinical thermometer?
Don’t shake it hard, clean before/after use, and read at eye level.
38. Why are houses in cold places made of wood?
Wood is a poor conductor and helps retain heat.
39. How do air conditioners cool a room?
They remove warm air and circulate cool air through convection.
40. Why should you not touch a metal rod being heated?
Because metal conducts heat and can cause burns.
41. Which color absorbs more heat—black or white?
Black absorbs more.
42. How does layering clothes help in winter?
Trapped air acts as insulator between layers.
43. Why is fan used even in winter during cooking?
To remove hot vapors via convection.
44. What happens if clinical thermometer is overheated?
Mercury can expand beyond range and may break the tube.
45. Why does land heat faster than water?
Land has lower specific heat and absorbs heat quickly.
46. Why are cooking vessels made of aluminum?
Aluminum is a good conductor and light.
47. What happens to thermometer reading when placed in ice?
It drops to near 0°C.
48. Why does glass crack when hot water is poured into it?
Uneven expansion causes stress and breakage.
⚗️Chapter: Acids, Bases and Salts – 50 Questions with
Answers
A. Short Answer (1–25)
1. What are acids?
Substances that taste sour and turn blue litmus red.
2. What are bases?
Substances that taste bitter, feel soapy, and turn red litmus blue.
3. What are salts?
Substances formed when acids react with bases.
4. What is an indicator?
A substance that shows whether a solution is acidic or basic.
5. Name two natural indicators.
Litmus, turmeric.
6. Color of turmeric in base?
Red.
7. Color of litmus in acid?
Blue litmus turns red.
8. Color of litmus in base?
Red litmus turns blue.
9. What is neutralization?
Reaction of acid and base to form salt and water.
10. Example of neutralization?
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
11. Why are antacids used?
To neutralize excess acid in the stomach.
12. What acid is in vinegar?
Acetic acid.
13. Which base is used in soap?
Sodium hydroxide.
14. What is the taste of acid?
Sour.
15. What is the taste of base?
Bitter.
16. What happens when acid touches skin?
It may cause burns or irritation.
17. Why shouldn’t we taste lab chemicals?
They may be harmful or poisonous.
18. What is the chemical name of common salt?
Sodium chloride (NaCl).
19. Name a base used in toothpaste.
Calcium hydroxide.
20. What is the color of china rose in acid?
Dark pink.
21. What is the color of china rose in base?
Green.
22. What do acids do to metals?
React and release hydrogen gas.
23. What is pH?
Scale to measure acidity or basicity.
24. What is litmus?
Natural indicator obtained from lichens.
25. Why do acids corrode metals?
They react with metals producing hydrogen and salt.
B. Long/Conceptual Answer (26–50)
26. How does an ant bite cause pain?
It injects formic acid, causing irritation.
27. How to treat ant bite?
Apply baking soda (a mild base) to neutralize acid.
28. Why is neutralization useful in agriculture?
To correct soil acidity using lime (base).
29. Why does stomach produce acid?
To help digestion of food.
30. What happens if too much acid is produced?
Causes acidity or ulcers.
31. What are antacids?
Medicines that neutralize stomach acids.
32. Why is soap slippery?
It contains alkali, which is soapy and slippery.
33. How is salt formed?
By reaction of acid and base — neutralization.
34. Why does turmeric help identify base?
Turns red in base, no change in acid.
35. Why is base used in treating acidic soil?
To neutralize the excess acid.
36. What happens when vinegar is added to baking soda?
Carbon dioxide is released.
37. How do indicators work?
They change color based on pH of the solution.
38. Why should acid spills be cleaned with base?
To neutralize and prevent damage.
39. What is the use of sodium bicarbonate?
As a baking agent and antacid.
40. What is bleaching powder?
A salt with disinfecting properties.
41. What precautions are taken while using acids?
Wear gloves, goggles, and handle with care.
42. Why use plastic bottles for acid storage?
Plastic does not react with acids.
43. How does toothpaste prevent tooth decay?
Neutralizes acids from food and bacteria.
44. Why do we test water for acidity?
To ensure it's safe for drinking and agriculture.
45. How are acids and bases used in factories?
For making dyes, medicines, soaps, and fertilizers.
46. What are strong acids?
Acids like HCl, H₂SO₄ that ionize completely.
47. What are weak acids?
Acids like acetic acid that ionize partially.
48. What happens if base touches skin?
Can cause burns or irritation.
49. What is the role of lime in wastewater treatment?
Neutralizes acidic waste.
50. What is the role of salts in body?
Convert 25°C to Fahrenheit.
Convert 0°C to Fahrenheit.
Convert 100°C to Fahrenheit.
Convert –10°C to Fahrenheit.
Convert 37°C (body temperature) to Fahrenheit.
Convert 98.6°F to Celsius.
Convert 212°F to Celsius.
Convert 50°F to Celsius.
Convert –40°C to Fahrenheit.
A temperature is 122°F. What is it in Celsius?
