Problemsheet – MA23C01 Matrices and Calculus

Unit I Matrices
Part – A Questions
Q. Question Hint/Answer
No.
1. Examine whether the following vectors are linearly independent or Linearly dependent since
dependent: (1 2 3)𝑇 , (3 −2 1)𝑇 , (1 −6 −5)𝑇 . 1 3 1
|2 −2 −6| = 0.
3 1 −5
2. Find the values of  which satisfy the equation 𝐴100 𝑋 = 𝜇𝑋 where  = 1,1,1
1 1 5 .
𝐴 = (0 1 3)
0 0 1

3. Find the eigenvalues of 𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴), if the matrix (𝐴)3x3 has two 4,4,1
eigenvalues 1, 1 and 𝑑𝑒𝑡( 𝐴) = 4.
4. If two of the eigenvalues of a matrix (𝐴)3×3 are equal and double 1,2,2
the third and if
trace(𝐴) is 5, then find all the eigenvalues of 𝐴.
5. 2 0 0 18,18,18
Find the eigenvalues of 2A2+5A given that 𝐴 = (1 2 0).
0 1 2
6. 1 2 3 1,16,81 - A4
If 𝐴 = (0 2 5), then find the eigenvalues of A4 and A-1 . 1,1/2,1/3 - A-1.
0 0 3
7. Determine the characteristic equation satisfied by the matrix 𝐴 = ( − 1)3 = 0
0 1 0
(1 0 0).
0 0 1
8. Find the sum and product of the eigenvalues of Sum=5
1 6 1 Product = –23
𝐴 = (2 1 0).
0 5 3
9. Find |𝐴| and Trace(A) given that A has 𝑝(𝜆) as its characteristic |𝐴| = −5
polynomial 𝑝(𝜆) = 𝜆3−2𝜆2+𝜆 + 5 Trace(A)=2

10. 0 1 0 Eigenvalues - 0,0,0.

Find the eigenvalues of 𝐴 = (0 0 1). Guess their corresponding Only one eigen vector
0 0 0 𝑘
eigenvectors. ( 0) exists.
0
11. 8 −4 2 4
Find the eigenvalue of 𝐴 = (4 0 2 ) corresponding to the
0 −2 −4
9
−
2
eigenvector (−4).
1
 12. 1 0 −1 No. Justify.
Are the matrices 𝐴 = (1 2 1) and
2 2 3
−1 0 0
B= ( 0 2 0) similar? Justify your answer.
0 0 3
13. 1 1 3 Yes. Justify.
Check whether 𝐴 = (1 5 1) and
3 1 1
−2 0 0
B= ( 0 3 0) are congruent matrices. Justify your answer.
0 0 6
14. Show that 𝐴 = (𝑎 𝑏 ) satisfies its own characteristic equation.
𝑐 𝑑
15. Is the matrix 𝐴 = (0 1) diagonalizable? No (only one eigenvector
0 0 corresponding to the
eigenvalues 0, 0).
16. Given that the eigenvalues of a 2x2 matrix A are 1, 2 and the 𝐴 = (1 0)
corresponding eigenvectors are (1,-5)T and (0,1)T , then find A. 5 2

17. Given that 1 and 2 are two eigenvalues of the matrix 𝐴 = Third eigenvalue is 3;
2 0 1 hence positive definite.
(0 2 0), state the nature of its quadratic form.
1 0 2
18. Find the matrix of the quadratic form 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑧. 2 0 1
(0 3 0)
1 0 2
19. Give the quadratic form corresponding to the symmetric matrix 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
1 2
( ).
2 −4
20. Find the rank, index, signature and nature of the quadratic form Rank 2, index 2,
2 2 2 signature 2, positive
whose canonical form is 0𝑢 + 3𝑣 + 3𝑤 .
semidefinite.

Part – B & C Questions

Q.
Question Hint/Answer
No.
3 1 4
Eigenvalues: 3,2,5
For the matrix 𝐴 = (0 2 6), verify the property that the
Eigenvectors: (1,0,0)T; (1,-1,0)T;
21. 0 0 5
eigenvectors corresponding to distinct eigenvalues of a real (3,2,1)T; these are Linearly
matrix are linearly independent. independent.
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 𝐴 =
1 0 −1 1,2,3 – eigenvalues;
(1 2 1 ). Also verify that the sum and product of the (1,-1,0)T; (2,-1,-2)T; (1,-1,-2)T;
22.
2 2 3 Sum = tr(A)=6;
eigenvalues is equal to the trace and determinant of the Product = |A|=6;
given matrix.
7 −2 0
Eigenvalues: 3,6,9
For the matrix 𝐴 = (−2 6 −2), verify the property that
Eigenvectors: X = (1,2,2)T;
23. 0 −2 5
the eigenvectors corresponding to distinct eigenvalues of a Y = (2,1,-2)T; Z = (2,-2,1)T;
real symmetric matrix are mutually orthogonal. XTY = YTZ = ZTX = 0;
 Use Cayley Hamilton theorem to find the inverse of the matrix Char. Eq. : 3 − 2 + 5 − 1 = 0;
1 2 −2 3 −4 2
24. −1
𝐴 = (2 5 −4). 𝐴 = (−2 1 0).
3 7 −5 −1 −1 1
Char. Eq. : 3 − 42 −  + 4 = 0;
Using Cayley Hamilton theorem, find A–2, where 𝐴 = 1 9
−2 −2
9
4 6 6 4
25. 1 5 5 3
(1 3 2 ). 𝐴−2 = −4 2 −2 .
4
−1 −4 −3 5 3 11
( 4 2 2 )
Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix 𝐴 = Char. Eq. : 3 − 92 + 11 − 2 =
6 −2 2
26. 0;
(−2 1 −1).
Verification.
2 −1 2
6𝑛 −2𝑛 5 3
𝐴𝑛 = ( ) +
n 5 3 4
4 1 3
Find A given 𝐴 = ( ) and hence find A . 𝑛 𝑛
3.2 −6 1 0
27. 1 3 ( );
2 0 1
976 960
𝐴4 = ( )
320 336
2 1 1
Find the characteristic equation of the matrix 𝐴 = (0 1 0) Char. Eq.:  − 5 + 7 − 3 = 0
3 2

28. 1 1 2 8 5 5
and hence find the matrix represented by 𝐵 = 𝐴4 − 5𝐴3 + 𝐵 = (0 3 0).
8𝐴2 − 2𝐴 + 𝐼. 5 5 8
1 1 1 Eigenvalues: 1,2,3;
29. Diagonalize 𝐴 = ( 0 2 1 ) by a similarity transformation. 1 1 1
−4 4 3 Modal Matrix 𝑃 = ( 2 1 1) .
−2 0 1
Eigenvalues: 2,3,6;
Normalized Modal Matrix :
1 1 1
√2 √3 √6
3 −1 1 1 2 ;
0 −
Diagonalise the matrix 𝐴 = (−1 5 −1) using an 𝑁 = √3 √6
30. 1 1 1
1 −1 3 − 2
4
orthogonal transformation and hence find A . ( √ √3 √6 )
251 −405 235
𝐴4 = (−405 891 −405).
235 −405 251

Normalized Modal Matrix :

1 2
3
0 − 6
√ √
Reduce the quadratic form 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑧𝑥 to a canonical 1 1 1 ;
𝑁=
31. form by orthogonal reduction. √3 √2 √6
1 1 1
− 2
(√3 √ √6 )

Canonical Form: 2𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 − 𝑤 2 .

Orthogonal transformation:
Find the orthogonal transformation which reduces the −2 2 1
1
32. following quadratic form to a canonical form: 𝑁 = 3 ( 2 1 2 );
2 2 2
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦𝑧 + 8𝑥𝑧. 1 2 −2
Canonical Form:3𝑢2 + 6𝑣 2 − 9𝑤 2 .