Introduction to
Operating Systems
Understanding Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS
TLE 9
Lesson Objectives
Discuss the differences between Identify which OS is more applicable Analyze and create a plan for
operating systems. to students and professionals based installing the appropriate OS on
on system requirements. available hardware.
• Windows
Developer: Microsoft
Overview of
Major Operating Usage: Consumer and professional environments
Systems
Key Features: Broad software compatibility,
extensive hardware support, user-friendly interface
System Requirements: Moderate to high-
performance PC
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Common
Windows Windows Vista
Operating Windows 7
Systems Windows 8
Windows 10
Windows 11
• macOS
Developer: Apple Inc.
Overview of
Major Usage: Creative professionals, educational
Operating settings
Systems
Key Features: Seamless integration with Apple
hardware, robust security, high performance
System Requirements: Apple hardware
(MacBooks, iMacs)
List of macOS Versions
Mac OS X 10.0 Mac OS X 10.1 Mac OS X 10.2 Mac OS X 10.3 Mac OS X 10.5
Mac OS X 10.4
Cheetah (March 24, Puma (September Jaguar (August 23, Panther (October Leopard (October
Tiger (April 29, 2005)
2001) 25, 2001) 2002) 24, 2003) 26, 2007)
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow OS X 10.9 OS X 10.10 OS X 10.11 El
Mac OS X 10.7 OS X 10.8 Mountain
Leopard (August 28, Mavericks (October Yosemite (October Capitan (September
Lion (July 20, 2011) Lion (July 25, 2012)
2009) 22, 2013) 16, 2014) 30, 2015)
macOS 10.12 macOS 10.13 High macOS 10.14 macOS 10.15 macOS 11 Big macOS 12
Sierra (September Sierra (September Mojave (September Catalina (October 7, Sur (November 12, Monterey (October
20, 2016) 25, 2017) 24, 2018) 2019) 2020) 25, 2021)
macOS 13 macOS 14
Ventura (October 24, Sonoma (September
2022) 26, 2023) Click for more information….
Click for more
information….
• Linux
Developer: Open-source community
Overview of
Major Usage: Developers, IT professionals, server
Operating environments
Systems Key Features: Highly customizable, secure, free
and open-source
System Requirements: Wide range of hardware
List of Linux Distro
Debian-based RPM-based Arch-based Independent Specialized
Distributions Distributions Distributions Distributions Distributions
• Debian • Fedora • Arch Linux • Gentoo • Tails (focused
• Ubuntu • CentOS • Manjaro • Slackware on privacy and
• Linux Mint • Red Hat • ArcoLinux • Solus anonymity)
• Elementary OS Enterprise • EndeavourOS • Clear Linux • Parrot
Linux (RHEL) OS (focused on
• Kali Linux
• OpenSUSE security and
• MX Linux penetration
• Zorin OS • Mageia
testing)
• Raspberry Pi
OS (optimized
for Raspberry Pi
hardware)
• Each distribution has its
own strengths and is
tailored to different
types of users and use
cases.
Overview of
Major Operating
Systems
• Android
• Developer: Google
• Usage: Mobile devices
• Features: Open-source,
customizable, extensive app
ecosystem
• System Requirements:
Varies by device
Overview of Major
Operating Systems
iOS
• Developer: Apple Inc.
• Usage: Apple mobile devices
(iPhone, iPad)
• Key Features: Secure,
optimized for performance,
seamless integration with Apple
services
• System Requirements: Apple
hardware (iPhone, iPad)
Comparing Operating Systems
• USER INTERFACE • SOFTWARE • SECURITY
AVAILABILITY
Applicability Based on PC System
Requirements
• Students: •Professionals:
Windows Windows,
macOS macOS
Linux
Assignment: Notebook
• Research the relationship of RAM, Storage Hardware
(HDD, SSD) and Processor to operating systems.
• What makes hardware and operating compatible?
• What are the general hardware requirements of latest of
each OS brand. For Windows (Win11), for MacOS (OS 14)
and for Linux (Ubuntu 24.10)?
• Explore some of the OS virtually:
• Linux: https://www.onworks.net/os-
distributions/ubuntu-based/free-ubuntu-online-
version-20
• MacOs: https://www.onworks.net/os-
distributions/special-os/pear-os-online-mac-
emulator
• Windows11: https://win11.blueedge.me/
Operating System: Pros and Cons (1 whole)
Name of Operating System Pros Cons
(Advanatages) (Disadvantages)
Windows
MacOS
Linux
Conclusion:
