CHAPTER 3:
Introduction to Operating System
PREPARED BY:
MR. MAQBOOL AHMED
Definition
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface
between the user and the computer hardware and controls
the execution of all kinds of programs.
OS is responsible for the management and coordination of
activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer.
Components of The Computer
Goals of an Operating System:-
•Simplify the execution of user programs and make solving
user problems easier.
•Use computer hardware efficiently.
•Allow sharing of hardware and software resources.
•Make application software portable and versatile.
•Provide security and protection among user programs.
•Improve overall system reliability.
Computer System Components :-
•Hardware Provides basic computing resources (CPU,
memory, I/O devices).
•Operating System- Controls and coordinates the use of
hardware among application programs.
•Application Programs- Solve computing problems of users
(compilers, database systems, video games, business
programs such as banking software).
•Users- People, machines, other computers
Important functions of an
operating System
•Memory Management
•Processor Management
•Device Management
•File Management
•Security
•Control over system performance
•Job accounting
•Error detecting aids
•Coordination between other software and users
Memory Management
•Memory management refers to management of Primary Memory or
Main Memory.
•Main memory provides a fast storage that can be access directly by
the CPU.
•The program to be executed, it must be in the main memory.
➢Operating System does the following activities for memory
management.
•Keeps tracks of primary memory. ( i.e. what part of memory
are in use by whom, what part are not in use.)
•In multiprogramming, OS decides which process will get
memory when and how much.
•Allocates the memory when the process requests it to do
Processor Management
•OS decides which process gets the processor when and
how much time. This function is called process scheduling.
Operating System does the following activities for processor
management.
•Keeps tracks of processor and status of process.
•Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process.
•De-allocates processor when processor is no longer
required.
Device Management
Operating System does the following activities for
device management.
•Keeps tracks of all devices.
•Decides which process gets the device when and for how
much time.
•Allocates the device in the efficient way.
•De-allocates devices.
File Management
A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation
and usage.
These directories may contain files and other directions.
Operating System does the following activities for file
management.
•Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc.
•Decides who gets the resources.
•Allocates the resources.
•De-allocates the resources.
Other Important Activities
Following are some of the important activities that Operating
System does.
•Security -- By means of password and similar other techniques,
preventing unauthorized access to programs and data.
•Control over system performance -- Recording delays between
request for a service and response from the system.
•Job accounting -- Keeping track of time and resources used by
various jobs and users.
•Error detecting aids -- Production of dumps, traces, error messages
and other debugging and error detecting aids.
Coordination between other software and users -- Coordination and
assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to
the various users of the computer systems
THANK YOU !
Any Question?
