CBSE
NAME: GRADE: XI
SUBJECT: Chemistry SEC: J/L
Topic: Record work Experimental procedures
General instructions:
Dear students,
Please follow the following instructions to write the practical record for chemistry.
1) Write the given experiments in the given order only.
2) Use only blue/black color pens while writing the record.
3) Do not use red or green color pens.
4) Do not use glitter pens. Instead, use pencil to underline subheadings.
5) Diagrams and tabular forms to be drawn in white page.
Experiment 1: DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT OF AN ORGANIC COMPOUND
Aim:
To determine the melting point of organic compounds like Naphthalene and benzoic acid.
Materials Required:
Naphthalene, stand with clamp, capillary tube, tripod, thermometer, and kerosene burner.
Procedure:
1) Take a capillary tube and close its one end by heating the end in the flame for 2-3 minutes
while continuously rotating it.
2) Take naphthalene in mortar and pestle. crush it into a fine powder.
3) Firmly hold the closed end of the capillary tube between your finger and thumb.
4) Dip the open end of the capillary tube in the finely powdered naphthalene.
5) Gently tap the capillary tube on the table to fill the compound in the capillary tube to about a
length of 1–2 cm.
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6) With the help of a thread, attach the capillary tube to a thermometer.
7) Keep the entire setup in a beaker containing water placed on a tripod stand and clamp the
thermometer to the stand as shown in the figure.
8) Keep continuous watch of the temperature and note the temperature as soon as the
substance starts to melt.
9) Make note of the temperature (t1) as soon as the compound begins to melt.
Make note of the temperature (t2) as soon as the compound is melted completely.
10) The average of the two readings gives the correct melting point of the substance.
Observation:
Temperature observation of Naphthalene:
Temperature t1
Temperature t2
The melting point of Naphthalene (t1 +
t2 / 2)
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Experimental setup:
Result:
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
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EXPERIMENT 2: Crystallization of impure sample of copper sulfate
Aim:
Purification of the impure samples like Copper Sulphate by the process of crystallization.
Materials Required:
50 mL capacity Beaker, filtration unit, watch glass, kerosene burner and
CuSO4 .5H20
Experimental procedure:
1) Prepare a clear solution of copper sulphate.
2) Dissolve 0.8 g of CuSO4.5H20 in about 8 mL of water and add 1-2 drops of about 6 ml H2SO4
to it.
3) Heat the solution for a while and filter it using a filtration unit.
4) Transfer the solution from the filtration unit to another beaker and allow it to cool to room
temperature. The crystals will appear one the solution cools down.
5) Filter and wash these crystals. let the crystals dry.
6) Weigh the crystals and report the yield.
Diagram:
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Result:
Weight of copper sulfate obtained
___________________________________________________________________
Experiment 3:
Study The Shift in Equilibrium Between Ferric Ions and Thiocyanate Ions By
Increasing/Decreasing The Concentration Of Either Of The Ions
Aim:
To understand the process of shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by
either increasing/decreasing the concentration of the ions.
Materials Required:
0.100g Ferric chloride, 0.100g Potassium thiocyanate, 2 Beakers of 100 mL capacity, 250 mL
Beaker, 6 Boiling tubes, 4 Burettes, 2 Glass droppers, 1 Test tube stand, 1 Glass rod
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Procedure:
1) In a beaker, dissolve 0.100g of ferric chloride salt in 100 mL of water and in another beaker,
dissolve 0.100 g potassium thiocyanate in 100 mL of water.
2) By mixing 20 mL of ferric chloride solution with 20 mL of potassium thiocyanate solution, a
bright blood red color solution will be obtained.
3) Fill this bright blood red color solution in a burette.
4) Take five boiling tubes measuring of equal size and then label them as a, b, c, d, and e.
5) Add 2.5 mL of blood red solution to each of the boiling tubes from the burette.
6) Add 17.5 mL of water to the boiling tube ‘a’, so that the total volume of solution in the boiling
tube ‘a’ is 20 ml (For your reference)
7) Now take three burettes and label them as A, B, and C.
Fill ferric chloride solution in burette A
Fill potassium thiocyanate solution in burette B
Fill burette C with water
8) Add 1.0 mL, 2.0 mL, 3.0 ml and 4.0 mL of ferric chloride solution to boiling tubes b, c, d, and e
respectively from burette A.
9) From burette C add 16.5 mL, 15.5 mL, 14.5 mL, and 13.5 mL of water to boiling tubes b, c, d,
and e respectively.
10) Compare the color intensity produced from the solution in each boiling tube with the color of
the reference solution in the boiling tube ‘a’.
11) Take another set of four clean boiling tubes and fill them with 2.5 mL of blood red solution to
each of the boiling tubes from the burette.
12) Repeat the experiment by adding 1.0 mL, 2.0 mL, 3.0 mL and 4.0 mL of potassium
thiocyanate solution from burette B to the boiling tubes b′, c′, d′, and e′ respectively followed by
addition of 16.5 mL, 15.5 mL, 14.5 mL and 13.5 mL of water.
13) Again, compare the color intensity of the solution of these test tubes with reference
equilibrium solution in the boiling tube ‘a’.
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14) Record your results in the table given below
15) You may repeat the observations with different amounts of potassium thiocyanate and ferric
chloride solution and compare with the reference solution.
Observation
Study of Equilibrium shift when the concentration of ferric ions is increased.
Boiling Amount of ferric Change in colour intensity as The direction of shift
Tube chloride solution matched with the reference solution in equilibrium
in tube “a”
a Reference solution 2.5 mL blood red solution + 17.5 mL Equilibrium position
water
b 1.0
c 2.0
d 3.0
e 4.0
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Study of Equilibrium shift when the concentration of thiocyanate ions is increased.
Boiling The volume of Change in colour intensity as matched The direction of shift
Tube thiocyanate with the reference solution in tube “a” in equilibrium
a Reference solution 2.5 mL blood red solution + 17.5 mL Equilibrium position
water
b 1.0
c 2.0
d 3.0
e 4.0
Result: _______
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Experiment 4: Preparation of Standard Solution of Oxalic Acid
Aim:
To prepare the standard solution M/10 of oxalic acid.
.
Apparatus:
Weight box, chemical balance, watch glass, 250 ml beaker, glass rod, 250 ml volumetric flask,
wash bottle.
Procedure:
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1. Take a watch glass, wash it with distilled water and then dry it.
2. Weigh the clean and dried watch glass accurately and record its weight in the notebook.
3. Weigh 3.15 g of Oxalic acid on the watch glass accurately and record this.
4. Transfer gently and carefully the Oxalic acid weighed from the watch glass into a clean and dry
measuring flask using a funnel. Wash the watch glass with distilled water with the help of a wash
bottle to transfer the particles sticking to it into funnel. The volume of distilled water for this
purpose should not be more than 50 ml.
5. Wash the funnel several times with distilled water by using a wash bottle to transfer the
sticking particles into the measuring particles into the measuring. flask While washing the funnel,
add water in small amounts. The volume of distilled water used for this purpose should not be
more than 50 ml.
6. Finally wash the funnel thoroughly with distilled water with the help of a wash bottle to transfer
the solution sticking to the funnel into the measuring flask.
7. Swirl the measuring flask till the oxalic acid crystals dissolve.
8. Add enough distilled water to the measuring flask carefully up to just below the
etched mark on it, with the help of wash bottle.
9. Add the last few mL of distilled water drop wise until the lower level of the
meniscus just touches the mark on the measuring flask.
10. Stopper the measuring flask and shake gently to make the solution uniform
throughout. Label it as M/10 oxalic acid solution.
Precautions
1) Weighing of oxalic acid crystals need weights of 2g + 1g + 100mg + 50mg.
2) While weighing, do not spill the substance on the balance pan.
3) Rotate the knob of balance gently.
4) Keep the weights in the weights box at the proper places after weighing.
5) Wash the watch glass carefully so that even a single crystal is not left on the watch glass.
6) Bring the watch glass close to the funnel while transferring weighed substance and transfer it
gently. Wash it repeatedly with distilled water.
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__________________________________________________________________
Experiment 5: Volumetric analysis -1
Aim
To determine the strength of a given solution of sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it against a
standard solution of oxalic acid.
Materials required: Standard solution of oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide solution, phenolphthalein
indicator, retort stand, clamp burette, pipette, conical flask.
Procedure:
Rinse the burette with the NaOH solution. Fill the burette with sodium hydroxide solution.
Remove the air gap if any, from the burette by running the solution forcefully from the burette
nozzle and note the initial reading.
Take 10ml of 0.1M oxalic acid solution in a conical flask and add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator. The solution remains colourless.
Titrate the base with oxalic acid solution until a faint pink colour appears in the colourless which
is the end point of the titration and record the first reading.
Repeat the titration till three concordant readings are obtained.
Observation:
S.NO Volume of oxalic Volume of NaOH used. Total volume of
acid in conical flask (Burette readings) NaOH run
down
Initial Final
Result:
The strength of the given sodium hydroxide solution is _______ g/L
.
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Experiment 6: Preparation of Standard Solution of Sodium carbonate.
Aim:
To prepare the standard solution M/10 of Sodium carbonate.
Apparatus
Weight box, chemical balance, watch glass, 250 ml beaker, glass rod, 250 ml measuring flask,
wash bottle.
Procedure
1. Take a watch glass, wash it with distilled water and then dry it.
2. Weigh the clean and dried watch glass accurately and record its weight in the
note-book.
3. Weigh 2.650 g sodium carbonate on the watch glass accurately and record this
weight in the notebook.
4. Transfer gently and carefully sodium carbonate from the watch glass into a clean and dry
measuring flask using a funnel. Wash the watch glass with distilled water with the help of a
wash bottle to transfer the particles sticking to it into funnel.
The volume of distilled water for this purpose should not be more than 50 ml.
5. Wash funnel several times with distilled water by using a wash bottle to transfer the
sticking particles into the measuring particles into the measuring flask. While
washing the funnel, add water in small amounts. The volume of distilled water
used for this purpose should not be more than 50 ml.
6. Finally wash the funnel thoroughly with distilled water with the help of a wash
bottle to transfer the solution sticking to the funnel into the measuring flask.
7. Swirl the measuring flask till solid sodium carbonate dissolves.
8. Add enough distilled water to the measuring flask carefully up to just below the
etched mark on it, with the help of wash bottle.
9. Add the last few mL of distilled water drop wise until the lower level of the
meniscus just touches the mark on the measuring flask.
10. Stopper the measuring flask and shake gently to make the solution uniform
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throughout. Label it as M/10 sodium carbonate solution.
Precautions:
1. While weighing do not spill the substance on the balance pan
2. While preparing the laboratory reagent apron should be used.
3. Bases are highly corrosive so they should be handled with extreme care.
4. Watch glass must be dry.
5. Funnel should be washed thoroughly several times.
6. Shaking of solution should be done thoroughly so that it may become uniform.
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Experiment 7: Volumetric analysis -2
Aim
Determination of strength of a given solution of dilute Hydrochloric acid by titrating it against
standard solution of Sodium Carbonate solution (M/10).
Materials Required
Burette, Pipette, Conical flask, retort stand, Funnel, measuring flask, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium
carbonate, Methyl orange, Watch glass
Procedure:
1. Wash, rinse and fill the burette with M/10 Na2CO3 solution. Note the initial reading.
2. Take 10cm3 of HCl solution with the help of a pipette and transfer it into a clean washed
titration flask.
3. Add 2 drops of methyl orange into the conical flask and the solution changes to red color.
4. Titrate the above solution against M/10 sodium carbonate solution taken in burette till the
color changes to the light yellow.
5. Note the final reading and find out the volume of sodium carbonate solution used to
neutralize HCl solution.
6. Repeat the experiment till you get concordant readings.
Observation:
s.no Volume of HCl Volume of Sodium Carbonate used. Total Vol of
pipette out. (Burette Readings) Sodium
(Initial) (Final) Carbonate run
down.
Result:
The strength of hydrochloric acid solution is ________ g/L
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