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The Grade 9 Science Reviewer covers key concepts in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth & Space Science, including cell division, Mendelian genetics, the periodic table, chemical bonding, motion and force, and climate change. It provides essential laws, formulas, and definitions, along with study tips such as using mnemonics and practicing problem-solving. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for their science exams.

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7 views4 pages

Untitled Document

The Grade 9 Science Reviewer covers key concepts in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth & Space Science, including cell division, Mendelian genetics, the periodic table, chemical bonding, motion and force, and climate change. It provides essential laws, formulas, and definitions, along with study tips such as using mnemonics and practicing problem-solving. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for their science exams.

Uploaded by

escosarcjmogeljo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 9 Science Reviewer

1. Biology (Living Things)


●​ Cell Division​

○​ Mitosis – cell division for growth and repair; produces 2 identical daughter cells.​

○​ Meiosis – for sexual reproduction; produces 4 gametes with half the


chromosome number.​

●​ Mendelian Genetics​

○​ Law of Dominance – dominant allele shows over recessive.​

○​ Law of Segregation – alleles separate during gamete formation.​

○​ Law of Independent Assortment – traits are inherited independently.​

○​ Punnett Square – tool to predict offspring traits.​

●​ DNA & RNA​

○​ DNA: blueprint of life (A-T, G-C pairing).​

○​ RNA: helps in protein synthesis.​

2. Chemistry
●​ Periodic Table​

○​ Arranged by atomic number (Mendeleev → Moseley).​

○​ Groups (vertical) → same properties.​

○​ Periods (horizontal) → energy levels.​


●​ Chemical Bonding​

○​ Ionic bond – transfer of electrons (metal + nonmetal).​

○​ Covalent bond – sharing of electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal).​

●​ Chemical Reactions​

○​ Synthesis: A+B→ABA + B → ABA+B→AB​

○​ Decomposition: AB→A+BAB → A + BAB→A+B​

○​ Single replacement: A+BC→AC+BA + BC → AC + BA+BC→AC+B​

○​ Double replacement: AB+CD→AD+CBAB + CD → AD + CBAB+CD→AD+CB​

○​ Combustion: reacts with oxygen, produces CO₂ + H₂O.​

3. Physics
●​ Motion & Force​

○​ Speed = Distance ÷ Time​

○​ Velocity = Speed + Direction​

○​ Acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time​

○​ Newton’s Laws of Motion:​

■​ Law of Inertia – object stays at rest/motion unless acted on.​

■​ F = ma (Force = mass × acceleration).​

■​ Action–Reaction.​

●​ Work, Power, Energy​

○​ Work = Force × Distance​


○​ Power = Work ÷ Time​

○​ Energy:​

■​ Kinetic (motion), Potential (stored).​

■​ Law of Conservation: Energy cannot be created/destroyed, only


transformed.​

4. Earth & Space Science


●​ Plate Tectonics​

○​ Earth’s crust is divided into plates.​

○​ Causes earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes.​

●​ Volcanoes​

○​ Active – erupted in last 600 years.​

○​ Dormant – may erupt in the future.​

○​ Extinct – no eruption expected.​

●​ Earthquakes​

○​ Epicenter – point on surface.​

○​ Focus – point underground.​

○​ Measured using seismograph.​

●​ Climate Change​

○​ Caused by greenhouse gases, global warming, deforestation.​

○​ Effects: rising sea levels, extreme weather.​


📌 Study Tips
●​ Use mnemonics for laws & formulas.​

●​ Draw diagrams for cell division, periodic table trends, and tectonic plates.​

●​ Practice solving simple physics problems.​

●​ Review real-life applications (e.g., earthquakes in PH, genetics in agriculture).

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