Read the passage and answer the questions:

Ria had a fever, so her mother used a clinical thermometer to check her body temperature.
Before using it, she ensured the mercury level was below 35°C, then placed the bulb of the
thermometer under Ria’s tongue. After a minute, the reading showed 38.5°C. Concerned,
Ria’s mother washed the thermometer with antiseptic and advised her to rest.

Questions:

1. Why is it important to ensure the mercury level in the clinical thermometer is below
35°C before use?
2. Explain why the thermometer is placed under the tongue and not elsewhere on the
body.
3. What precautions should be taken while handling a clinical thermometer?
4. Why is Ria’s body temperature considered a fever?
Answers:

1. Mercury Level Below 35°C: To ensure an accurate reading, the thermometer must start
below the expected body temperature. If it’s above 35°C, the actual body temperature might
not be recorded correctly.

2. Placement Under Tongue: This area is close to the body’s core and provides a consistent
and reliable temperature reading.

3. Precautions:

 Wash with antiseptic before and after use.

 Ensure mercury level is below 35°C before use.
 Handle carefully to prevent breakage.
 Read at eye level.
4. Ria’s Temperature: 38.5°C is above the normal human body temperature of 37°C,
indicating a fever.

Case Study Question 2

Read the passage and answer the questions:

During a cooking class, students noticed that the metal handle of a frying pan became hot
while cooking. Their teacher explained that the heat from the stove traveled through the metal
by conduction. She also pointed out that some pans have wooden or plastic handles to prevent
burns.

Questions:

1. What is conduction and how does it apply in the context of the frying pan?
 2. Why are wooden or plastic handles used in cooking utensils?
3. How does the structure of solids contribute to heat transfer by conduction?
4. Can plastic and wood be used to make the entire utensil? Justify your answer.
Answers:

1. Conduction Explanation: Conduction is the transfer of heat through solids. In this

case, heat from the stove travels through the metal pan to the handle.
2. Wood/Plastic Handles: These are poor conductors (insulators), preventing heat
transfer to the handle and protecting hands from burns.
3. Solids and Heat Transfer: Solids, especially metals, have tightly packed particles
that transfer heat efficiently by vibration and collision.
4. Whole Utensil from Plastic/Wood: No, because these materials can’t withstand high
cooking temperatures and may melt or catch fire.

Case Study Question 3

Read the passage and answer the questions

In summer, Amit prefers wearing light-coloured cotton clothes. One day, his cousin wore a
black t-shirt outdoors and complained of feeling hotter. Their grandmother explained that
light colours reflect heat while dark colours absorb it, making light-coloured clothes more
suitable for hot weather.

Questions:

1. Why are light-coloured clothes preferred in summer?

2. Explain how the property of radiation is involved in this scenario.
3. What role does the fabric material (like cotton) play in keeping the body cool?
4. Would Amit’s cousin feel cooler wearing a white t-shirt instead? Why or why not?
Answers:

1. Light-Coloured Clothes in Summer: They reflect most of the sun’s rays, reducing
heat absorption and keeping the body cooler.
2. Radiation Role: Heat from the sun reaches us through radiation. Dark colours absorb
more radiation, making us feel hotter.
3. Cotton’s Role: Cotton is breathable and absorbs sweat, which cools the body as the
moisture evaporates.
4. White T-Shirt Effect: Yes, white reflects sunlight, so it would keep the wearer cooler
compared to black which absorbs heat.
Question 1. A copper ball at 50°C is dropped in a mug containing water at 50°C.

The heat will:

(a) Flow from the copper ball to water.

(b) Not flow from copper ball to water or from water to copper ball.

(c) Flow from water to copper ball.

(d) Increase the temperature of both.

Answer 1. (b) Not flow from copper ball to water or from water to copper ball.

Explanation: In the conduction process, heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to a
body at a lower temperature. As the copper ball and water have the same temperature of
50°C, heat will not flow from the copper ball to the water or from the water to the copper
ball.

Question 2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word below.

(a) Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by a

_____________ thermometer.

(b) The hotness of an object is established by its __________.

(c) Temperature is measured in degrees ______________.

(d) No medium is required for the transfer of heat by the process of

__________.

(e) A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. Heat is transferred

to its other end by the process of ______________.

(f ) Clothes of ______________ colours absorb more heat better than

clothes of light colours.

Answer 2.

(a) Clinical

(b) Temperature

(c) Celsius ( °C )

(d) Radiation
(e) Conduction

(g) Dark

Question 3. A marble tile would feel cold as compared to a wooden tile on a

winter morning because the marble tile:

(a) Is polished while the wooden tile is not polished.

(b) It is a better conductor of heat than wooden tile.

(c) Is a poor conductor of heat than the wooden tile.

(d) Reflects more heat than wooden tile.

Answer 3. (b) Is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.

Explanation: Marble tile is a good conductor of heat as it allows heat to pass through it,

leaving the surface cool in the winter. On the other hand, wood is not a good conductor of
heat as it does not allow heat to pass through it.

Question 4. Describe both similarities and differences between the laboratory

thermometer and the clinical thermometer.

Answer 4. The table below shows the similarities and differences between laboratory and
clinical thermometers.

Similarities Differences

1. Both have a long, narrow, 1. A clinical thermometer measures temperature from 35°C to 45°C
uniform glass tube thermometer is -10°C to 110°C.
 1. Both have a bulb containing 2) Clinical thermometer is used to measure human body tempe
mercury at one end. used to measure an object’s temperature.

1. Both have a celsius scale as a 3) A kink is present near the bulb of the clinical thermometer to p
unit of temperature. contrast, the laboratory thermometer does not have a kink, as the m
measure temperature change continuously.

Question 5. At a camping pitch, there are tents of two shades – one made with white
fabric and the other with black fabric. Which one would you choose for resting on a hot
summer afternoon? Explain your choice. Would you prefer the same tent during
winter?

Answer 5. During the hot summer afternoon, a white fabric tent will be better for resting, as
the white colour reflects sunlight, keeping the tent cool. The black colour absorbs sunlight
and is suitable during winter to keep warm compared to a white fabric tent house.

Question 6. A small quantity of curd is mixed with warm milk for setting curd. The
curd’s microbes help set the mixture’s temperature between 35°C and 40°C. The setting
of curd becomes difficult in places where the room temperature usually remains much
below the range. Suggest a way to set curd in such a situation.

Answer 6. To set the curd at the required temperature between 35°C and 40°C.

1. Alternatively, the container of the mixture can be wrapped in any poor conductor of heat
material, such as wool.
2. Keep the container near the gas stove while cooking.

Question 7. Match the following :

(i) Land breeze blows during

 (ii) Sea breeze blows during

(iii) Dark coloured clothes are preferred during

(iv) Light-coloured clothes are preferred during

Answer 7. The matched table is below,

(i) Land breeze blows during

(ii) Sea breeze blows during

(iii) Dark coloured clothes are preferred during

(iv) Light-coloured clothes are preferred during

Question 8. Give two examples of conductors and insulators of heat.

Answer 8.

 Conductors—aluminium, copper
 Insulators—wool, plastic

Question 9. A beggar covered himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter
night. This kept him warm because:

(a) Friction between the layers of newspaper generates heat.

(b) Air trapped between multiple layers of newspaper is not a good conductor of heat.

(c) Newspaper is a good conductor of heat.

(d) Newspaper has a higher temperature than the

surrounding temperature.
Answer 9. (b) Air trapped between multiple layers of newspaper is not a good conductor of
heat.

Explanation: A newspaper is not a conductor of heat. It is an insulator and does not allow
heat or cold to pass through it. When the beggar wrapped himself with the layers of
newspaper on a cold winter night, the cold air from the surroundings got trapped in the layers
of the newspaper, which helped the beggar to keep his body temperature stable and warm.

Note: Heat always flows from a hot substance to a colder one until they reach the same
temperature through three different processes- conduction, convection, and radiation. The
materials that conduct heat to pass through are known as good conductors of heat, and the
materials that resist and do not allow the heat to pass through are known as poor conductors
of heat.

Question 10. A wooden spoon is dipped in a glass of hot water. Its other end:

(a) Becomes hot due to the process of conduction.

(b) Becomes hot due to the process of convection.

(c) Becomes hot due to the process of radiation.

(d) Does not become hot.

Answer 10. (d) Does not become hot.

Explanation: Heat transmission can happen in three ways:

Conduction: Conduction of heat is generally in solid materials. Materials such as copper,

aluminium, etc., are a few examples of good conductors of heat as they allow heat to pass
through them. On the contrary, materials like wood, glass, paper, etc., do not allow heat to
pass through them, so they are poor heat conductors. A wooden spoon dipped in a glass of
hot water will not absorb the heat as per the conduction concept. Hence, option (a) is not
correct.

Convection: Heat transmission occurs between liquids and gases in the convection process.
Hence, option (b) is not correct.

Radiation: This process does not require any medium to transfer heat. Heat waves are
emitted by a hot object, which may be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted through cold
bodies. The Sun transmits heat waves through a process called radiation. Hence, option (c) is
not correct.
 Question 11. A and B measured their body temperature. A found this to be 98.6 °F, and
B recorded 37°C. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) A has a higher body temperature than B.

(b) B has a lower body temperature than A.

(c) Both have normal body temperature.

(d) Both are suffering from fever.

Answer 11. (c) Both have normal body temperature.

Explanation: As we know, the normal temperature of the human body is 37°C.

 The body temperature of B= 37°C.

So, B has a normal body temperature.

 The body temperature of A= 98.6 °F.

 Now Let’s find out the body temperature of A in °C with the help of the below equation.

The body temperature of A = 37°C. Hence, option (c) is the correct

Question 12. Explain why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us

warm more than wearing just one thick piece of clothing.

Answer 12. In the winter, wearing more layers of clothing is better than just one thick piece
of clothing because:

 Air and clothes are poor conductors of heat.

 The air gets trapped between the layers of these cloth fibres and prevents heat flow from our
body to the cold surroundings. So, we feel warm.

Question 13. Stainless steel pans are commonly provided with copper bottoms. This
could be because:

(a) Pans made from the Copper bottom are more durable.
(b) Such pans appear colourful.

(c) Copper conducts heat better than stainless steel.

(d) It’s also easier to clean than stainless steel.

Answer 13. (c) Copper conducts heat better than stainless steel.

Explanation: Copper has more conduction electrons compared to stainless steel. It directs
the heat evenly throughout the pan and heats it faster.

Question 14. While measuring the temperature, a few sharp jerks are given to the
clinical thermometer before using it. Why is it done so?

Answer 14. The jerk to the clinical thermometer aims to get an accurate temperature reading.
The jerk will make the mercury flow into the bulb and lower the mercury level below its
normal temperature.

Question 15. Why is it suggested not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading
it?

Answer 15. It is suggested not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it because
the mercury may expand in the bulb and lead to an incorrect temperature reading due to our
body temperature.

Wind, Storm and Cyclone Lesson

Question 1.
Why is Chandigarh unlikely to be affected by a cyclone? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Chandigarh is unlikely to be affected by a cyclone because it is not near to the sea or an
ocean.

Question 2.
Discuss the major cause of winds.
Answer:
Wind currents are generated due to uneven heating on the earth. It may be between equator
and pole and between land and water.
Question 3.
Name the ocean which is mainly responsible to bring rain bearing monsoon winds to Kerala
coast in June every year. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
An Indian ocean is mainly responsible to bring rain bearing monsoon winds to Kerala coast
in June every year.

Question 4.
Briefly describe the effect of heat on air pressure.
Answer:
The heat causes air to expand and occupies more space. It becomes lighter. That’s why, warm
air is lighter than the cold air.

Question 5.
To expel hot air out of the kitchen, A has an exhaust fan fitted on the window of her kitchen
and B has a similar exhaust fan fitted on the wall near the ceiling of her kitchen. Which of the
exhaust fan will expel the hot air more effectively? Explain why. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
B’s exhaust fan will expel the hot air more effectively because hot air rises up and her fan is
at greater height than A’s.

Question 6.
Enlist the other names of cyclone.
Answer:
Hurricane and typhoon are the other names of cyclone.

Question 7.
Suggest some precautions to be taken to prevent the roof of a tin sheet from flying away
during a fierce wind storm. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Some precautions are

 Put heavy stones on it.

 Screw it tight.

Question 8.
Name the instrument which is used to measure the speed of wind.
Answer:
Anemometer is used to measure the speed of wind.

Question 9.
A flag mounted on a flag post near the sea coast flutters in the direction of sea. At what time
of the day does this happen — at mid-night or in the afternoon? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
In the mid-night, the wind blows from land to sea. So, in the mid-night flag mounted on a
flag post near the sea coast flutters in the direction of sea.

Question 10.
Figure shows a diagrammatic representation of trees in the afternoon along a sea coast. State
on which side is the sea, A or B? Give reasons for your choice. [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
In the afternoon, the wind blows from sea to land.
As pressure on the land is less than the pressure above sea, so the sea is on B side.

Question 11.
Name the factor responsible for the increase of speed of wind or cyclones.
Answer:
Factors like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity contribute to the
development of cyclones.

Question 12.
Name some cyclones that occurred in the past.
Answer:
Hugo, Katrina, Rita, Hud-Hud and Phailin are the various types of cyclones that occurred in
the past.

Question 13.
Can you say why smoke always rises up?
Answer:
As we know that smoke is the combination of hot airs and hot air becomes light weight with
respect to cold air. Thus, it always rises up.

Question 14.
In the wind flow pattern, it can be found that the wind shown is not in the exact North-South
direction. Explain why.
Answer:
It is because the winds would have blown in the North-South direction either from North to
South or from South to North. A change in direction is however caused by the rotation of the
earth.

Question 15.
Monsoon winds are helpful. Do you agree?
Answer:
The monsoon winds carry water and it rains. Clouds bring rain and give us happiness.
Farmers in our country depend mainly on rains for their harvests. So, monsoon winds are
helpful.

Winds, Storms and Cyclones Class 7 Science Extra Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Paheli kept an empty bottle made of plastic inside a refrigerator. After few hours, when she
opened the refrigerator, she found the bottle had collapsed. Explain the possible reason.
[NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
On cooling the air, contraction of air takes place. The air inside the bottle contracts due to
low temperature. Hence, the bottle collapses due to the outside pressure.

Question 2.
Mention an example when the cyclone hit a part of India and how much destruction was
caused due to it.
Answer:
Orissa (a part of India) was hit by cyclone in 18th October 1999. The wind speed was 200
km/h and smashed 45000 houses making 700000 people homeless. Another cyclone hit the
Orissa again an 29th October with the wind speed of 260 km/h. Thousands of people lost
their lives and property worth crores of rupees was destroyed.

Question 3.
When strong/high speed wind blows, an umbrella held upright at times gets upturned.
Explain the reason. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
High speed wind passing over the umbrella creates low pressure above the umbrella with
respect to below of it. Therefore, the umbrella upturns.

Question 4.
Give three precautions that should be taken to protect oneself from the thunderstorm. [Value
Based Question]
Answer:
The following three precautions must be taken to protect oneself from the lightning of
thunderstorm

 Do not take shelter under an isolated tree.

 Do not lie on the ground
 Do not take shelter under an umbrella with a metallic end.
Question 5.
Explain thunderstorm and how are they produced.
Answer:
The swift movement of the falling water along with the rising warm air producing sound,
lightning, heavy rain and strong wind is called thunderstorm.

Question 6.
Name some effective safety measures against cyclone?
Answer:
On the part of government

 Cyclone forecast and warning system must be installed.

 Information about cyclone should be given to the people in time through rapid
communication system.
 Construction of cyclone-shelter in cyclone-prone areas.
 Administrative arrangement should be taken to move people faster to safer places.

On the part of the people

 People should follow the essential guidelines provided by the agencies through TV
radio, phones, etc.
 Proper arrangement should be made to shift the essential household goods, domestic
animals, etc. to the safer places.
 Avoid driving on road which are under water because flood might have damaged the
road.
 Phone numbers of all the emergency services like police, fire brigade, hospitals, etc.
should be kept ready.

These are produced by the dark clouds which form at fairly low altitude in the atmosphere.

Question 7.
Tornado is different from a cyclone. Briefly explain Tornado. What destructions does it
cause?
Answer:
These are formed over sea and are called water spouts. Tornado develops from thunderstorm
and are formed mostly on the land. These are violent and can reach the speeds of more than
500 km/h destroying everything in their path. These are not very common in India but occurs
in Canada and USA.

Most of the tornadoes are weak. When the warm air from the earth’s surface rises up, it
whirls around it and causes very high speed winds. These are much smaller than cyclones, i.e.
from a few metre to a few hundred metre but the wind speed can rise as high as 500 km/h.
The funnel of tornado sucks up everything at its base like dust, debris, cars, trees and even
houses.
Question 8.
The advanced technologies issue the alerts and warnings of unexpected storm. Comment.
Answer:
The technologies that include satellites and radars issue the information of expected storm in
advance in the form of cyclone warnings. It is issued in two stages, i.e. a cyclone alert or
cyclone watch is issued 48 h in advance of any expected storm and cyclone warning is issued
24 h in advance. The message is broadcasted every hour or half hour when a cyclone is
nearest the coast.

Question 9.
Monsoon brings rain. Explain the formation of monsoon.
Answer:
During summer, when the land gets warmed and temperature of land becomes higher than
that of water in ocean. The air above the land gets heated and rises. Therefore, the cold wind
flows from the ocean towards the land. These are monsoon winds which bring water and
cause rain.

Question 10.
Due to uneven heating of land and ocean water what happens in the following season?
(a) In winter season
(b) In summer season [HOTS]
Answer:
Due to uneven heating of land and ocean water
(a) In winter season The uneven heating of land and water generates winds from the North-
West colder land which carry little water. It brings small amount of rain in winter season.
(b) In summer season The uneven heating of land and ocean water generates wind from the
South-West direction. These winds carry lot of water from the Indian ocean.

Question 11.
Rohan was very happy that there was his birthday. He was decorating the room by blowing
balloons. He was wondered that most of his balloons burstd. He rushed to his father and
asked the reason. His father smiled and explained.
(a) Can you explain the region that why his balloons get burst?
(b) What can be conclude from the condition mentioned?
(c) What are the values shown by Rohan? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) When Rohan blows air into the balloon, the balloon gets inflated due to the pressure
exerted by air. But, Rohan observed that most of his balloons burstd. The reason behind it
was, he overfilled the air into the balloon. The warm air gets expanded inside the balloon and
exerted more and due to the more pressure on the walls of the balloon, balloons burstd.
(b) From the condition mentioned above, it can be concluded that air expands on heating.
(c) Curiosity to learn and scientific attitude.
Question 12.
How are the pressure difference created in nature?
Answer:
Pressure difference is created in the nature by the heat of the sun. When it falls on the earth
surface, the surface of the earth gets heated and air above it also gets warm and becomes light
weight and moves upward. Thus, the pressure difference is created.

Question 13.
Describe the following terms briefly.
(a) Trade winds
(b) Wester lies
(c) Polar winds
Answer:
(a) The permanent wind that blows towards the equator from North to South are called trade
winds.
(b) The wind blowing towards 60° N and 60° S latitudes are called wester lies.
(c) The set of wind blowing from the cold polar regions towards 60° N and 60° S latitudes are
called polar winds.

Question 14.
A flat in Mumbai with a balcony facing the sea has some clothes hung on a clothes line in the
balcony. Towards which direction, the clothes will be blown in the afternoon? Explain it.
[NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
As during the afternoon, the land becomes hot which ultimately creates hot air above it and
we know that hot air rises up and there is low pressure created. Thus, winds from sea start
blowing towards the land and the clothes will be blown towards the house because sea breeze
blowing towards the land.

Question 15.
Briefly explain what are cyclones and how are they formed.
Answer:
High speed winds and air pressure difference can cause cyclones.They are formed when
water vapour changes back to liquid by the release of heat. This heat warms air around and it
rises to move up and more air rushes to the vacant place. Thus, a cycle is formed which have
low pressure and very high speed of air.

Winds, Storms and Cyclones Class 7 Science Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The picture in figure shows tree line along the sea coast on an tops are permanently bent in
one direction. Are the trees bendisland near the equator. As shown, the tree towards the sea or
away from it? Explain. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
In the given figure, the tree line along the sea coast on an island near the equator shows that
tree tops are permanently bent in one direction. The reason behind this movement of tree is
that during the day time the wind blows from sea to land because land gets warmer more
quickly than sea.

This makes the air of land, warm and lighter which is raised up in the sky. Therefore, the top
of the bent trees shows the moving direction of wind from sea to land.

Question 2.
Describe an activity to demonstrate that warm air is lighter than cool air. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Take two paper bags of same size and hang them in the inverted position at the two ends of
metal or wooden stick. Now, tie a piece of strong thread in the middle of the stick. Now, hold
the stick by thread. The wooden stick with two paper bags tied to its two ends will hang like a
common beam balance. Initially, the wooden stick is perfectly horizontal showing that the
two paper bags contain an equal mass of the air.

Caution Perform the experiment with the help of a teacher.

Now, put the burning candle below the open mouth of one side paper bag. We will see that
after sometime, the left side of wooden stick goes up showing that it has become lighter than
the right side and the balance of the cup is disturbed. The reason for this is that when a
burning candle is placed below the one side paper bag, the air above the candle flame gets
heated. The hot air being lighter rises up and fills the paper bag above it. Therefore, this side
of wooden stick becomes lighter and moves up.
This experiment shows that the air becomes lighter and moves up.
This fact of air is utilised in launching hot air balloons. In nature, there are several situations
where warm air rises at a place. The air pressure at that place is lowered. The cold air from
the surrounding areas rushes in to fill its place.

Question 3.
State the importance of air pressure. Give reasons for air pressure.
Answer:
The importance of air pressure can be discussed as follows:

 It creates wind The difference in atmospheric pressure gives rise to the wind on the
earth.
 It influences weather Air movement, i.e. downward or upward movement of air,
caused due to differences in pressure creates cloudy and clear sky, brings rain or fine
weather.
 Weather forecasting The changes in air pressure give important clues for weather
forecasting. The air pressure is measured by an instrument called barometer.

Question 4.
A cyclone is generated from a thunderstorm. How a thunderstorm becomes a cyclone?
Explain.
Answer:
When air moves gently (low speed), it is called a breeze while when it moves violently (high
speed), it is called a storm. When the pressure of air drops, it indicates the possibility of a
storm.

The swift movement of the falling water along with the rising warm air producing sound,
lightning, heavy rain and strong wind is called thunderstorm. It develops in hot and humid
tropical areas like India and is accompanied by heavy rains or hail. Thunderstorms are
produced by the dark clouds which form at fairly low altitude in the atmosphere. In the
tropical area, the air gets warmed up and makes it to rise, whereas humidity provides the
water vapour for the formation of cloud.

Therefore, it can be said that to occur a thunderstorm, it requires moisture, rapidly rising
warm air and sea breeze or mountains.

Question 5.
Advanced technology has helped people to save them from natural calamities like thunder
storm and cyclone. Explain how.
Answer:
During the early part of the last century, the people residing in coastal regions have less than
a day for the preparations or to evacuate their homes from an overcoming cyclone. But, the
today’s situation is very different. Today we are much protected. We have satellites and
radars which can issue the cyclone watch or cyclone alert before 48 hrs (in advance) of any
expected storm and a cyclone warning is issued 24 hrs in advance.
Therefore, the coastal residents have sufficient time to prepare and evacuate their homes. The
message related to cyclone is broadcasted over the ratio every hour or half hour when a
cyclone is nearer the coast.

In this way, the advanced technology has helped us in giving better protection from cyclones.
Several national and international organisations cooperate to monitor the cyclone related
disasters.

Question 6.
The phenomenon of cloud formation, rain, storm and cyclone are inter linked. Do you agree?
If yes, give a flow chart that explain this relation. [HOTS]
Answer:
Yes, the following flow chart explains the phenomenon leading to the formation of cloud,
rain, stornrand cyclone.

Winds, Storms and Cyclones Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
A fire alarm usually detects smoke in case of fire. Where should such an alarm be placed in a
room? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Near the door
(b) On the floor
(c) On any wall
(d) On the ceiling
Answer:
(d) On the ceiling

Question 2.
Following are precautions, one must take in case a storm is accompanied by lightning.
[NCERT Exemplar]
(i) Do not take shelter under tree.
(ii) Do not take shelter under an umbrella with a metallic end.
(iii) Do not take shelter in open garages, storage sheds, etc.
(iv) Do not take shelter in a bus in the open.
Which one of these is not correct?
(a) (i)
(b) (ii)
(c) (iii)
(d) (iv)
Answer:
(d) (iv)

Question 3.
Orissa was hit by a cyclone with wind speed of 200 km/h on which date
(a) 18 Oct, 1998
(b) 18 Oct, 1999
(c) 18 Oct, 2001
(d) 18 Oct, 2000
Answer:
(b) 18 Oct, 1999

Question 4.
Four schematic diagrams are shown below to depict the direction of sea breez. Which of them
gives the correct direction? [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
(c) In summer, near the equator the land becomes warm and the temperature of the air
increases. This causes the air from the ocean to blow towards the land. These are known as
summer monsoon winds.
Question 5.
The warning of cyclone can be issued
(a) 48 h in advance
(b) 12 h in advance
(c) 6 h in advance
(d) 24 h in advance
Answer:
(d) 24 h in advance

Question 6.
Wind is caused due to
(a) uneven heating of equator and poles
(b) difference in humidity
(c) even heating of land and water
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) uneven heating of equator and poles

Question 7.
Figure shows a child blowing air with a straw near the opening of another straw which has its
other end in a soft drink bottle. It was observed that the level of the soft drink in the straw
rises up as soon as air is blown over its open end. Which one of the following best explains
the reason for rise in level of the drink? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Blowing of air decreases pressure over the opening of the straw
(b) The straw of the soft drink bottle collapses when air is blown over its open end
(c) Blowing of air warms up the air inside the straw
(d) Blowing of air increases the pressure on the surface of soft drink in the bottle
Answer:
(a) Blowing of air decreases pressure over the opening of the straw

Question 8.
Formation of thunderstorm requires
(a) moisture
(b) rapidly rising warm air
(c) sea breeze
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 9.
Which of the following place is most likely to be affected by a cyclone? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Mumbai
(b) Puri
(c) Goa
(d) Porbandar
Answer:
(b) Puri

Question 10.
Increased wind speed is accompanied with
(a) increased air pressure
(b) affected air pressure
(c) reduced air pressure
(d) lower humidity
Answer:
(c) reduced air pressure

Question 11.
A curtain is hanging at the entrance of a room. A long corridor runs at right angles to the
door, that is parallel to the curtain. If a strong wind blows along the corridor, the curtain will
[NCERT Exemplar]
(a) get pushed inside the room
(b) get pushed outside the room
(c) get collected towards one end/ swirled
(d) remain unaffected
Answer:
(b) get pushed outside the room

Question 12.
The calm centre of cyclone is called
(a) head
(b) eye
(c) water spout
(d) storm
Answer:
(b) eye

Question 13.
Which precaution among the following is not a correct precaution to protect from lightning
during a thunderstorm?
(a) Do not sit near a window
(b) Do not lie on the ground
(c) Do not sit in a car
(d) Do not stand under a tall tree
Answer:
(c) Do not sit in a car

Question 14.
Thunderstorm develops very frequently in areas having
(a) polar climate
(b) tropical climate
(c) desert climate
(d) temperate climate
Answer:
(b) tropical climate

Question 15.
A cyclone is
(a) winds from the oceans carrying water
(b) very low pressure system with very high speed wind revolving around it.
(c) dark funnel shaped cloud that reaches from the sky to the ground
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) very low pressure system with very high speed wind revolving around it.

Question 16.
The word monsoon is derived from the word
(a) mausam
(b) monsoon
(c) museum
(d) storm
Answer:
(a) mausam

Fill in the Blanks

1. It is ……………….. row boat in the moving direction of wind.
2. The bicycle tube ……………….. when it is overfilled with ……………….. .
3. Air ……………….. on heating and ……………….. on cooling.
4. The ……………….. the difference in ……………….. the ……………….. the air moves.
5. A change in the direction of wind is caused due to ……………….. of earth.
6. The wind from the ocean carry ……………….. and bring rain which is a part of
……………….. .
7. Uneven heating of land generates monsoon winds from ……………….. direction in
……………….. .
8. factors like ……………….., ……………….., ……………….. and ………………..
contribute to the development of cyclones.
9. A violent Tornado can travel at the speeds of about ……………….. .
10. A whole ……………….. of India in vulnerable to
11. Air around us exerts ……………….. . [NCERT Exemplar]
12. The moving air is called ……………….. . [NCERT Exemplar]
13. The main cause of wind movement is uneven ……………….. . [NCERT Exemplar]
14. High speed wind can cause cyclone in regions of ……………….. pressure. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answers:
1. easier
2. bursts, air
3. expands, contracts
4. greater, pressure, faster
5. rotation
6. water, water cycle
7. South-West, summer
8. Wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity
9. 300 km/h
11. pressure
12. wind
13. heating
14. low

True/False
1. The layer of air surrounding the earth is called atmosphere.
2. Air gets contracted on the heating.
3. Cyclone develops in the polar region.
4. Hud-Hud and Katrina are Typhoon.
5. Tornado is frequently observed in India.
6. Cyclone appears a dark funnel shaped structure.
7. Falling water droplets and rising air move vigorously to produce thunderstorm.
8. Monsoon winds do not carry water with them.
9. The wind speed during cyclone is 150-250 km/h.
10. Uneven heating of land and water in winter (North-West and colder land) brings little rain
in winter.
11. If wind flows from land to the ocean, then it is day time. [NCERT Exemplar]
12. A very high pressure system with very high speed wind surroundings, it forms a cyclone.
13 . The coast line of India is not vulnerable to cyclones. [NCERT Exemplar]
14 . Warm air is lighter than cool air. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answers:
1. True
2. False, air expands on heating.
3. False, cyclone develops in tropical region.
4. True
5. False, tornado does not occur in India.
6. False, tornado is dark funnel shaped structure.
7. True
8. False, monsoon wind carry water with them
9. True
10. True
11. False, if wind flows from land to the ocean, then it is night time.
12. False, a very low pressure system with very high speed wind revolving around it forms a
cyclone.
13. False, the whole coastline of India is vulnerable to cyclone.
14. True

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the Column I with Column II. There can be more than one.
 Column I

(a) On heating air (i) descends

(b) On cooling air (ii) expands

(iii) contracts

(iv) rises

Question 2.
Match the Column I with Column II.

Column I Co

(a) Tornado (i) Occurs in Western Pacific region

(b) Anemometer (ii) Reduces soil fertility

(c) Cyclone (iii) Dark funnel shaped cloud

(d) Meteorologist (iv) Measures the speed of wind

(e) Typhoon (v) Study weather

Question 3.
Match the Column I with Column II.

Column I Co

(a) North-West wind (i) Before 48 h

(b) Uneven heating of earth (ii) Found the direction of wind

(c) Wind vane (iii) Wind carrying water

(d) Monsoon (iv) Bring little rainfall

(e) Cyclone watch (v) Generates wind

Answers:
1.
(a)-(ii) and (iv)
(b)-(i) and (iii)

2.
(a)-(iii)
(b)-(iv)
(c)-(ii)
(d)-(v)
(e)-(i)

3.
(a)-(iv)
(b)-(v)
(c)-(ii)
(d)-(iii)
(e)-(i)

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that

may or may not have an independent existence but
is always present in a chemical reaction. An atom is
the smallest unit that retains an element’s
properties. An atom is made up of subatomic
particles, which cannot be created or destroyed.
Atoms of the same element are all identical,
whereas atoms of different elements are of different
types. When atoms are rearranged, chemical
reactions occur.
Molecules are made up of one or more atoms that
are held together by covalent (chemical) bonds.
Atoms can be represented by circle shapes, each
with a nucleus in the centre (containing protons and
neutrons) and one or more concentric circles
representing the shells or ‘levels’ in which the
electrons surrounding the nucleus of the atom are
located, as well as markings indicating the electron
at each level. A molecule is the smallest unit of
measurement that a substance can be divided into
while still remaining the same substance. It is made
up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded
together.

Definition: An atom has negatively charged electrons in orbi

which is made up of positively charged protons and neutral ne

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together.

composed of two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) ato
collection of molecules.

Atoms and Molecules

Chemistry Questions with
Solutions
Q1. Which of the following has the maximum
number of atoms?
a) 18 g H2O

b) 18 g of O

c) 18 g of CO2

d) 18 g of CH4

Correct Answer. (d) 18 g of CH4.

Q2. Which of the following statements is not

true about an atom?

a) Atoms are not able to exist independently.

b) Atoms are the basic units from which molecules

and ions are formed.

c) Atoms are always neutral in nature.

d) Atoms aggregate in large numbers to form the

matter that we can see, feel or touch.

Correct Answer. (a) Atoms are not able to exist

independently.

Explanation. Noble gas atoms have the ability to

exist independently. They have a completely filled
outermost shell, allowing them to exist indefinitely.

Q3. All noble gas molecules are-

a) Monoatomic

b) Diatomic

c) Triatomic

d) Both (a) and (b)

Correct Answer. (a) Monoatomic

Q4. Which number is represented by 1 mole?

Answer. 6.022 × 1023. It is denoted by NA and is

known as Avogadro’s number.

Q5. State True or False.

There are no forces of attraction between the

molecules of inert gases.

Answer. False.

Although the molecules of inert gases are stable and

there are no electrostatic forces of attraction
between them, they do have weak van der Waals
forces and weak London dispersion forces.

Q6. The relative atomic mass of oxygen atom

is 16. Explain its meaning.
Answer. An atom’s relative atomic mass is its
average mass as compared to one-twelfth the mass
of one carbon-12 atom.

Q7. Which part of Dalton’s atomic theory came

from the law of constant proportions given by
Proust?

Answer. The elements are made up of atoms with

fixed masses, and the number and type of atoms in
each element in a given compound are fixed.

Q8. Answer the following-

a) Name the element used as a standard for atomic

mass scale.

b) Which particular atom of the above element is

used for this purpose?

c) What value has been given to the mass of this

reference atom?

Answer.

a) Carbon is used as a standard for atomic mass

scale.

b) Atom with 6 neutrons and 6 protons in its nucleus

so that its mass number is 12.
c) Mass = 12 u

Q9. An element form an oxide Al2O5.

(i) What is the valency of element A?

(ii) What will be the formula of the chloride of the

element?

Answer. The formula of the oxide of the element =

A2O5

(i) The valency of the element A in the oxide = 5.

The formula of its chloride will be AlCl5.

Q10. Why do atoms form ions?

Answer. Atoms achieve stability by acquiring the

stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble
gas, for which they either lose or gain electrons,
resulting in noble gas configuration. As a result,
they produce ions.

Q11. Define the term gram atom. How is it

related to mole and Avogadro number?

Answer. Gram atomic mass refers to an element’s

atomic mass expressed in grams. One gram of any
element contains 6.022 × 1023 of the element’s
atoms. It is the same as one mole of atoms. One
gram of atomic mass equals 6.022 × 1023 atoms =
one mole.

Q12. a) State the various postulates of

Dalton’s atomic theory of matter.

b) Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory

can explain the law of conservation of mass?

c) Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory

can explain the law of constant proportions?

Answer.

a) Dalton’s atomic theory postulates:

 All the matter is made up of very small particles called

‘atoms’.
 Atoms cannot be divided.
 Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.
 Atoms are of various kinds. There are as many kinds of
atoms as are elements.
 All the atoms of a given element are identical in every
respect, having the same mass, size and chemical
properties.
 Atoms of different elements differ in mass, size and
chemical properties.
 The ‘number’ and ‘kind’ of atoms in a given compound
is fixed.
 During chemical combination, atoms of different
elements combine in small whole numbers to form
compounds.
  Atoms of the same elements can combine in more
than one ratio to form more than one compound.

b) The postulate “The elements are made up of

atoms, and atoms cannot be created or destroyed”
can be used to explain the law of conservation of
mass.

c) The postulate “The elements consist of atoms of

fixed mass, and the number and type of atoms of
each element in a given compound are fixed” can
be used to explain the law of constant proportions.

Q13. What weight of calcium contains the

same number of atoms as are present in 3.2 g
of sulphur?

Answer. Number of atoms in 3.2 g of sulphur

Gram atomic mass of S = 32 g

32 g of sulphur contains = 6.022 × 1023

3.2 g of sulphur contains = (6.022 × 1023 / 32 g) ×

3.2 g = 6.022 × 1022 atoms

Weight of 6.022 × 1022 atoms of calcium

Gram atomic mass of Ca = 40g

6.022 × 1023 atoms of Ca weigh = 40g

6.022 × 1022 atoms of Ca weigh = (40 g/ 6.022 ×
1023) 6.022 × 1022 = 4g

Q14. What is the law of constant proportions?

Answer. The law of constant proportions states that

chemical compounds are made up of elements that
are present in a fixed ratio by mass. This implies
that any pure sample of a compound, no matter the
source, will always consist of the same elements
that are present in the same ratio by mass. For
example, pure water will always contain hydrogen
and oxygen in a fixed mass ratio (a gram of water
consists of approximately 0.11 grams of hydrogen
and 0.88 grams of oxygen, the ratio is 1:8).

Q15. What is the mass of:

(a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms?

(b) 4 moles of aluminium atoms (Atomic mass

of aluminium = 27)?

(c) 10 moles of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3)?

Answer.

(a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms

= 1 x gram atomic mass of nitrogen atom

= 1 x 14 g = 14 g

(b) 4 moles of aluminium atoms

= 4 x gram atomic mass of aluminium atoms

= 4 x 27 g = 108 g

(c) 10 moles of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3)

= 10 (2 x gram atomic mass of Na + 1 x gram

atomic mass of sulphur + 3 x- gram atomic mass of
oxygen)

= 10(2x23g+1 x 32g + 3 x16g)

= 10 (46 g + 32 g + 48 g)

= 10 x 126 g = 1260 g

Practise Questions on Atoms

and Molecules
Q1. A mole is quite often known as a chemist’s
dozen. Why is it so named?

Q2. Atoms of most elements are not able to

exist independently. Name two atoms that
exist as independent atoms.
Q3. What exactly is a molecule? Give some
examples.

Q4. Write the chemical symbols of two

elements:

(i) Which are formed from the first letter of the

elements’ name?

(ii) Whose names have been taken from the names

of the elements in Latin?

(iii) Which are formed from the first two letters of

the elements’ names?

Q5. In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate

reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The
products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g of
water and 8.2 g of sodium ethanoate. Show
that these observations are in agreement with
the law of conservation of mass, sodium
carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate
+ carbon dioxide + water.
 Classify the changes involved in the following processes as
physical or chemical changes: (a) Photosynthesis (b)
Dissolving sugar in water (c) Burning of coal (d) Melting of
wax (e)Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil (f)
Digestion of food Ans. (a) Photosynthesis Chemical change
(b) Dissolving sugar in water Physical change (c) Burning of
coal Chemical change (d) Melting of wax Physical change (e)
Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil Physical change
(f) Digestion of food Chemical change
 State whether the following statements are true or false. In
case a statement is false, write the corrected statement in
your notebook. (a) Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a
chemical change. (True/False) (b) Formation of manure from
leaves is a physical change. (True/False) (c)Iron pipes coated
with zinc do not get rusted easily. (True/False) (d) Iron and
rust are the same substances. (True/False) (e) Condensation
of steam is not a chemical change. (True/False) Ans. (a)
False Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a physical change.
(b) False Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical
change. (c) True (d) False Iron and rust are different
substances. Rust is iron oxide (e) True

 Fill in the blanks in the following statements: (a) When

carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky
due to the formation of _____. (b) The chemical name of
baking soda is _____. (c) Two methods by which rusting of
iron can be prevented are _____ and _______ . (d) Changes in
which only properties of a substance change are called
physical changes. (e) Changes in which new substances are
formed are called ______ changes. Ans. (a) When carbon
dioxide is passed through limewater, it turns milky due to
the formation of calcium carbonate ( ). (b) The chemical
name of baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate. (c) Two
methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are
galvanisation and painting. (d) Changes in which only
physical properties of a substance change are called
physical changes. (e) Changes in which new substances are
formed are called chemical changes.

 When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are

formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is
it? Explain. Ans. When baking soda (Sodium hydrogen
carbonate) is mixed with lemon juice (citric acid), bubbles
are formed. The bubbles are formed due to the evolution of
carbon dioxide gas. This is a chemical change. In this
change, citric acid contained in lemon juice reacts with
sodium hydrogen carbonate which results in the evolution of
carbon dioxide gas. Lemon juice + Baking soda Carbon
dioxide + Other substances

 When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes

take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of
a familiar process in which both the chemical and physical
changes take place. Ans. When a candle burns, both physical
 and chemical changes take place. Physical change Melting
of wax Chemical change Burning of wax Eating of food is
another example where both physical and chemical changes
occur simultaneously. Physical change Breaking down of
larger food particles into smaller particles Chemical change
Digestion of food

 How would you show that setting of curd is a chemical

change? Ans. Once the curd is formed, milk cannot be re-
obtained from it. Also, both milk and curd have different
properties. Since these are the properties of a chemical
change, setting of curd is a chemical change.

 Explain why burning of wood and cutting it into small piece

are considered as two different types of changes. Ans. When
we burn wood, a new substance, coal is formed. Therefore, it
is a chemical change. However, when we cut wood, only the
shape and size of the wood are changed. No new substance
is formed. Therefore, it is a physical change.

 Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared. Ans.

Crystals of copper sulphate are prepared by the method of
crystallisation. The process is as follows. A cup full of water
is taken in a beaker. Few drops of dilute sulphuric acid are
added to this. The water is then heated and when it starts
boiling, copper sulphate powder is added with stirring.
Copper sulphate powder should be added in the solution till
it becomes saturated. It is then filtered into a china dish and
allowed to cool. The solution should be kept undisturbed.
Slowly, the crystals of copper sulphate separate out.

 Explain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from

rusting. Ans. Rusting is aided by both moisture (water) and
air (oxygen). By painting an iron gate, we prevent its contact
from the air and moisture present in the atmosphere. Hence,
rusting is prevented.

 Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas

than in deserts. Ans. Both air and moisture are required for
rusting to take place. In coastal areas, the quantity of
moisture present in air is more than that in deserts. In
desert areas, the amount of moisture in air is even lower.
Therefore, rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas
than in deserts.
  The gas we use in the kitchen is called liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exists as a liquid. When it comes
out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Change-A) then it
burns (Change - B). The following statements pertain to
these changes. Choose the correct one. (i) Process - A is a
chemical change. (ii) Process - B is a chemical change. (iii)
Both processes A and B are chemical changes. (iv) None of
these processes is a chemical change. Ans. (ii) Process - B is
a chemical change.

 Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas

(Change-A). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (Change B). The
following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the
correct one. (i) Process - A is a chemical change. (ii) Process
- B is a chemical change. (iii) Both processes A and B are
chemical changes. (iv) None of these processes is a chemical
change. Ans. (iii) Both processes A and B are chemical
changes.

Exercise-01

Multiple choice questions

 Which among the following is not a physical change? (1)

Melting of solids to liquids (2) Vaporisation of liquids to
gases (3) Liquefaction of gases to liquids (4) Decay of matter

 An example of a chemical change is . (1) formation of clouds

(2) glowing of an electric light (3) dropping sodium into
water (4) dissolving of salt in water

 Which among the following is not a chemical change? (1)

Melting of ice (2) Carbon cycle (3) Dehydration of
substances (4) Fermentation of substances

 Which of these will cause a chemical change to occur? (1)

Grinding of wheat into flour (2) Lighting of a gas stove (3)
Evaporation of water from a lake (4) Ringing of an electric
bell

 Chemical changes are . (1) temporary, reversible and a new

substance is produced (2) always accompanied by exchange
of light (3) permanent, irreversible and a new substance is
produced (4) never accompanied by exchange of light and
heat energy
 Which of the following is a physical change? (1) Solubility in
water (2) Combustibility (3) Aerial oxidation (4) Reaction
with water

 Physical changes are . (1) temporary (2) permanent (3)

irreversible (4) endothermic

 Which of the following is a physical change? (1) Rusting of

iron (2) Combustion of magnesium ribbon (3) Burning of
candle (4) Melting of wax

 A chemical change may involve (1) change in colour only (2)

change in temperature only (3) evolution of gas only (4) any
or all of the above

 Which of the following are true when milk changes into

curd? (i) Its state is changed from liquid to semi solid. (ii) It
changes colour. (iii) It changes taste. (iv) The change cannot
be reversed. Choose the correct option from below: (1) (i)
and (ii) are correct. (2) (ii) and (iii) are correct. (3) (i), (iii)
and (iv) are correct. (4) (i) to (iv) are correct.

 What does a chemical change involve? (1) Formation of

substance with different states (2) Formation of substance
with different chemical properties (3) Formation of
substance with different size (4) Formation of substance with
different shapes

 Which of the following is an irreversible physical change? (1)

Freezing of water (2) Melting of ice (3) Burning paper (4)
Cutting of wood in small pieces

 Rusting of iron is (1) an irreversible chemical change (2) a

reversible chemical change (3) an irreversible physical
change (4) a reversible physical change

 The change of state of a substance from solid to liquid and

liquid to gas is (1) a physical change (2) a chemical change
(3) combination of a physical and chemical change (4)
sometimes physical change and sometimes chemical
changes

 Galvanisation of a process in which (1) iron is coated on zinc

metal. (2) zinc and iron are mixed in molten state. (3) zinc is
 coated as a layer on iron. (4) carbon is mixed with iron and
heated.

 Dissolve some common salt in water and leave the solution

in an open and sunny place for a day. What do you observe?
(1) The whole of the solution evaporates (2) Water
evaporates leaving behind salt (3) Salt evaporates leaving
behind water (4) No change of any form in the salt solution

 What kind of change is involved when a sheet of paper is

shredded? (1) An irreversible chemical change (2) A
reversible chemical change (3) A irreversible physical
change (4) A reversible physical change

 Which of the following is not a physical change? (1) Breaking

of a glass tumbler (2) Melting of butter (3) Dissolving of
sugar in water (4) Ripening of a fruit

 When an iron spade is left lying in a moist atmosphere it (1)

develops brown powdery layer of iron oxide (2) develops
green layer of iron oxide (3) develops brown layer of oxygen
(4) does not undergo any change

 Which of the following is a chemical change? (1) Cutting of a

cloth (2) Ironing of a cloth (3) Drying of a cloth (4) Burning of
a cloth

Classify the following as physical or chemical change

 Dissolving zinc metal in hydrochloric acid.

 Making cheese from milk.

 Making wine from grapes.

 Obtaining milk powder from milk.

 Burning of paper.

Fill in the blanks

 ______ like boiling do not make new substances and are

easily reversed by condensation.

 In ______ change no new substance is formed.

  A foul-smelling spoiled food is a _______ change.

 Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a

substance are called _________ properties.

 Turning of lime water to milky is a standard test of _______

gas.

 A chemical change is also called a _________

Match the column

Column-I Column-II
Oxygen and water
(a) Chemical change.
vapour are needed.
Salts can be obtained. (b) Prevents from rusting.
A process to form
(3) Salt water of the sea. (c)
large crystals.
By the evaporation of
Cooking of chapati. (d)
sea water.
Galvanisation. (e) For rusting to occur.
Makes rusting process
Crystallisation. (f)
faster.

Crossword puzzle
Across

 In a chemical reaction when reactants react they convert

into .
  Rusting is a change.

 Magnesium ribbon burns with light.

 Copper sulphate crystals are in colour.

Down

 A physical change generally in nature.

 Burning of candle is a change.

 Carbon dioxide turns lime water .

Answer Key

Multiple choice questions

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Answer

Classify the following as physical or chemical change.

 Chemical

 Chemical

 Chemical

 Physical

 Chemical

Fill in the blanks.

 physical change

 physical

 chemical

 physical


  chemical reaction

 chemical

 chemical

 air and water

 Acetic Acid

True or False

 True

 True

 True

 False

 False

 False

 False

 True

 True

 False

Match the column

 (1) ; ; (3) ; (5) ; (6)

Crossword puzzle

0 D U T S
E H I
V H E M I C A L
E M K
R W H I T E Y
S C
I A
B L
B L U E
E

Exercise-02

Very short answer type questions

 In which changes do substance undergo chemical

transformation - physical or chemical?

 What method will you use to get a pure solid if it has

dissolved impurities present in it?

 Which one is a chemical change rusting of iron or melting of

iron?

 Write word equations for the following: (i) Carbon reacting

with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. (ii) Magnesium burning
in oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

 Define crystallisation.

 What happens when a iron nail is dipped in a copper

sulphate solution?

 Melting of wax is a change where a solid changes to liquid

state. Give one more such change which you observe in your
surroundings.

 What kind of change is shown by tearing of paper?

 Name the gas which turns lime water milky.

 What colour of flame is observed when magnesium ribbon

burnt in air.

 Write the colour of copper sulphate solution obtained when

iron nails are dipped in it?

 How can you say that ripening of a fruit is a chemical

change?

 Is souring of milk a physical change or a chemical change?

Why?
  Complete the following reaction

 Name the process by which common salt is obtained from

sea water. Short answer type questions

 Why are water pipes galvanized?

 How can the crystals of sodium chloride be prepared from

table salt?

 When water is frozen, it forms ice that has different

properties. Why then do we say that freezing is a physical
change?

 What do you meant by skeletal equation?

 Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being

plucked from the plant can be fermented. Under what
conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a
physical change?

 Explain why burning of wood and cutting it into small pieces

are considered as two different types of changes?

 Why a chemical change cannot be normally reversed?

 Is cloud formation a physical change or a chemical change?

Explain.

 What is galvanisation?

 How would you show that setting of curd is a chemical

change?

Long answer type questions

 Discuss the methods by which rusting of iron can be

prevented.

 Which gas is given off when dilute hydrochloric acid is added

to calcium carbonate? How will you test the gas? Write the
chemical equations for both reactions.

 Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared.

  When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes
take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of
a familiar process in which both the chemical and physical
changes take place.

 When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are

formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is
it? Explain.

Exercise-01 Solutions

Multiple choice questions

 Option (4) Decay of matter is the only chemical change.

 Option (3) When sodium is dropped into water, it forms

NaOH with evolution of gas. Formation of substance is
chemical change.

 Option (1) Melting of ice is a physical change.

 Option (2) Gas will burn in the presence of air, to form

different products like gas and water vapours.

 Option (3) A new substance with different properties is

formed during chemical change, which may not be reverse
by simpler methods. It is a permanent change.

 Option (1) No new substance is formed when a substance

dissolved in water.

 Option (1) Physical changes may be reversed easily, so they

are temporary changes.

 Option (4) Melting of wax is a physical change as no new

substance is formed.

 Option (4) Chemical change accompanied by some physical

change also.

 Option (3) Curdling of milk is a chemical change so new

substance is formed with some physical change also.
  Option (2) In a chemical change, a new substance is formed
which has different chemical properties from the
constituents.

 Option (4) Cutting of a wood is a physical but irreversible

change.

 Option (1) Rusting of iron is a chemical change and it cannot

be reversed.

 Option (1) When a solid melts to form a liquid and a liquid

boils to form a gas only a physical change takes place.

 Option (3) Galvanisation is a process in which iron is coated

with a layer of zinc.

 Option (2) Salt solution on evaporation leaves behind salt

while water is evaporated.

 Option (3) An irreversible physical change takes place when

a sheet of paper is shredded.

 Option (4) Ripening of a fruit is a chemical change.

 Option (1) When an iron spade is left in the moist

atmosphere it reacts with oxygen and water to form a brown
powder of iron oxide called rust.

 Option (4) Burning of a cloth is a chemical change.

True or False

 True Heat, light or any other radiation (ultraviolet, for

example) may be given off or absorbed, during chemical
change.

 True Only the physical state or some of the physical

properties of the substances are changed, during a physical
change.

 True Chemical change cannot be reversed.

 False Making cloth from yarn, is a physical change; because

there is no change in chemical composition only physical
properties are change.
  False It is a physical change because no new substance is
formed.

 False Its a chemical change, rust is a completely different

substance from iron.

 False Cutting a log of wood is a physical change because

only shape and size changes no new substance is formed.

 True As a physical change, wax turns into molten wax and

as chemical change it burns to produce carbon dioxide and
water vapour also.

 True Condensation is physical change because only state of

water gets change no new substance is formed.

 False Formation of manure from leaves is a decomposition

reaction so it is a chemical change.

Exercise-02 Solutions

Very short answer type questions

 In chemical changes, substances undergo chemical

transformation.

 Crystallisation method can be used to get a pure solid if it

has dissolved impurities in it.

 Rusting of iron is an example of chemical change.

 (i) (ii)

 The process of cooling a hot, concentrated solution of a

substance to obtain crystals is called crystallisation.

 When an iron nail is dipped in solution iron can displace

copper from its solution. The iron nail gets coated with a
brown layer of copper and the colour of the blue copper
sulphate solution changes to pale green.

 Melting of ice is a such change in which change of state is

taken place.

 Tearing of paper is a physical irreversible change.

  Carbon dioxide gas turn lime water milky.

 When magnesium ribbon get burn it gives dazzling white

light.

 Colour of copper sulphate solution changes to green due to

displacement reaction.

 Ripening of fruit is a chemical change as its composition is

change due to chemical reaction.

 Souring of milk is a chemical change as new substance is

formed due to chemical reaction.

 Common salt obtain from sea water by the process called

evaporation and crystallization.

Short answer type questions

 Water pipes are made up of iron and galvanised to prevent

them from rusting. When a piece of iron is left in moist air
for some time, a reddish brown solid is deposited over it.
Which is called rust and forming of rust is called rusting so
to prevent iron water pipes from rusting, we electroplate the
surface of metal by zinc, which is known as galvanisation.

 By using crystallisation method, we can prepare the crystals

of sodium chloride from table salt. According to
crystallisation method first we'll prepare a hot concentrated
solution of table salt in water then we'll cool it and remain it
undisturbed. After some days we'll get crystals of sodium
chloride.

 When water is frozen, it forms ice that has different

properties but still we say its a physical change because the
identity of water is still same, this change is temporary
means if we start melting ice it will come to its original state
which is liquid.

 A skeletal equation is an unbalanced chemical reaction

consists of unequal number of atoms of elements of
reactants and products.
  When grapes are attached to the plant, they are living and
their defence mechanism i.e immune system prevents their
fermentation. The micro bacterias that ferment grapes can
grow easily on the plucked grapes and under anaerobic
condition(absence of ) fermentation results. This is a
chemical change.

 When we burn wood, it turns into ashes which is a new

substance and the process is irreversible one, hence it is a
chemical change. While cutting the wood into small pieces
no new substance is formed. It is a physical change.

 In chemical change new products are formed which have

different chemical composition hence it cannot be reversed
back. For example - Paper burns to form ash and ash has
different chemical composition and it cannot be reversed
back to paper.

 The formation of clouds is a physical change because there

is a phase transformation cycle of natural water from liquid
to gas and then, gas to liquid.

 Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a

protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting.
The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which
the parts are coated by submerging them in a bath of hot,
molten zinc

 The curd is formed from milk. Both curd and milk have
different properties. So, there is a formation of a new
substance with different properties and once the curd is
formed, it cannot be reversed back to milk. Therefore, the
setting of curd is a chemical change.

Long answer type questions

 Prevention of rusting As stated earlier rusting will take place

only, if iron is simultaneously acted upon by water and
oxygen (from air). So, if we prevent the iron articles to come
in contact with air or water or both, the rusting will stop.
Rusting of iron surface exposed to the air is prevented by
application of protective coatings on iron. (i) By painting :
The corrosion of a metal can be prevented simply by
painting the metal surface by grease or varnish that forms a
 protective layer on the surface of the metal which protect
the metal from moisture and air. (ii) Electroplating : It is a
very common and effective method to prevent corrosion.
The surface of metal is coated with chromium, nickel or
aluminium etc. by electrolysis also called electroplating.
They are quite resistant to the attack by both air and water
and prevent corrosion. If the surface of metal is
electroplated by zinc, it is known as galvanisation and in
case tin metal is used, then the process is called tinning.

 Carbon dioxide gas is given off when dilute hydrochloric acid

is added to calcium carbonate. Equation:- To test carbon
dioxide gas, we will pass carbon dioxide in lime water which
is a solution of calcium hydroxide. When carbon dioxide is
passed through it, a solid precipitate of calcium carbonate is
formed and lime water turned 'milky' or 'Cloudy'.

 The crystals of copper sulphate are obtained by the process

of Crystallization. In this process, a few drops of dilute
sulphuric acid are added to water. Then water is boiled and
copper sulphate powder is added to the boiling water with
stirring. The powder is added until the solution becomes
saturated.

 When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes

take place. On heating, candle wax gets melted is a physical
change since it again turns into wax on cooling. The wax
gives carbon dioxide, heat, light, water vapour and carbon
soot on heating with states chemical change. Digestion of
food is another example where both physical and chemical
changes occur simultaneously.

 When a baking soda is mixed with the lemon juice then

Carbon dioxide gas is released in the form of bubbles. As the
chemical composition of the substance is getting changed
and as the new product is formed by the mixing. Therefore,
it is a Chemical change.