Experiment-1
Aim: Explain the following networking protocols with their syntax. Ping, ipstat, http, ftp,
Ipconfig, netstat, lpr, DHCP.
1. Ping: Ping (Packet Internet Groper) is a network utility command used to test the
reachability of a host (computer, server, or device) over an IP network and measure the
round-trip time (RTT) of messages sent from the source to the destination. The ping
command is a Command Prompt command used to test the ability of the source computer to
reach a specified destination computer. Ping Command Syntax
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [-w timeout] [-R]
[-S srcaddr] [-p] [-4] [-6] target [/?]
2. Ipstat: The ipstat command is used to gather and report statistics about IP traffic on a server
based on the selected output mode and sort order that is specified in the command syntax.
This command enables you to observe network traffic at the IP layer, aggregated on source,
destination, higher-layer protocol, and interface. Use this command when you want to
observe the amount of traffic between one server and other servers.
3. Ipconfig: The ipconfig command displays information about the host (the computer
your sitting at)computer TCP/IP configuration.
a) Ipconfig /all: This command displays detailed configuration information about your
TCP/IP connection including Router, Gateway, DNS, DHCP, and type of Ethernet
adapter in your system.
b) Ipconfig /renew: Using this command will renew all your IP addresses that you are
currently (leasing) borrowing from the DHCP server. This command is a quick
problem solver if you are having connection issues, but does not work if you have
been configured with a static IP address.
c) Ipconfig /release: This command allows you to drop the IP lease from the DHCP
server.
d) ipconfig /flushdns: This command is only needed if you’re having trouble with your
networks DNS configuration. The best time to use this command is after network
configuration frustration sets in, and you really need the computer to reply with
flushed.
4. Netstat: Netstat is a command line utility that can be run from the command prompt. Netstat
stands for Network Statistics. netstat (network statistics) is a command line toolfor
monitoring network connections both incoming and outgoing as well as viewing routing
tables, interface statistics etc.
C:\>netstat: Netstat displays a variety of statistics about a computers active TCP/IP
connections. This tool is most useful when you’re having trouble with TCP/IP applications
such as HTTP, and FTP.
5. Lpr: LPR (Line Printer Remote) is a network printing protocol used to send print jobs from a client
to a remote printer over a TCP/IP network. It was originally developed for the UNIX operating
system but is now supported by many platforms including Windows and Linux.
6. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): It's a network management protocol that
automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a
network. This automation simplifies network management and eliminates the need for manual
configuration of each device.
7. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): It is an application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite used
for transmitting hypermedia documents, primarily HTML, over the World Wide Web. It defines how
clients (browsers) and servers communicate to request and deliver resources like web pages, images,
videos, and data.
8. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): It is a standard application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite used to
transfer files between a client and a server over a network such as the Internet or a LAN.
