References

Ahmad, K., Iqbal, A., & Rahim, N. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: Benefits and challenges.
Education and Information Technologies, 26(3), 2465–2485.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10359-z
Al-Kadi, A. (2018). Technology in language pedagogy: Current research, practices, and limitations.
LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
Almansour, N. (2024). Investigating factors influencing EFL learners’ behavioral intentions to adopt
ChatGPT for language learning. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 15(6), 1910–1918.
https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1506.27
Alobidyeen, B. Z. (2023). The impact of gamification-based pedagogical approaches on academic
performance and student engagement in educational settings: Jordanian school teachers'
perspective. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(1), 12–24.
https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-08-2023-0102
Alsadoon, H. (2021). Chatting with AI bot: Vocabulary learning assistant for Saudi EFL learners.
English Language Teaching, 14(6), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n6p135
Anis, M. (2023). Leveraging artificial intelligence for inclusive English language teaching: Strategies
and implications for learner diversity. Journal of Multi-disciplinary Educational Research,
12(1), 45–60.
Baidoo-Anu, D., & Ansah, L. O. (2023). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI):
Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning.
Journal of AI, 62. https://doi.org/10.61969/jai.1337500
Baskara, R., & Mukarto. (2023). Exploring the implications of ChatGPT for language learning in
higher education. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics,
7(2), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v7i2.1395
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2017). Machine, platform, crowd: Harnessing our digital future. W.
W. Norton & Company.
Bulut, O., Cutumisu, M., Aquilina, A., & Singh, M. (2020). Intelligent tutoring systems for formative
assessment in education. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 1–24.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520915173
Chapelle, C. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition: Foundations for
teaching, testing, and research. Cambridge University Press.
Cheng, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence’s capabilities, limitations, and impact on accounting
education: Investigating ChatGPT’s performance on educational accounting cases. Issues in
Accounting Education, 39(2), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.2308/ISSN-0739-3172-XYZ
Cheng, S.-M., & Day, M.-Y. (2014). Technologies and applications of artificial intelligence: 19th
International Conference. Springer.
Cobar, J. (2019). Artificial intelligence: Data analytics and robot learning in practice and theory. Self-
published.
Cooper, G. (2023). Examining science education in ChatGPT: An exploratory study of generative
artificial intelligence. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32(3), 444–452.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10047-1
Davies, G., Otto, S., & Rüschoff, B. (2013). Historical perspectives on CALL. In M. Thomas, H.
Reinders, & M. Warschauer (Eds.), Contemporary computer-assisted language learning (pp.
19–38). Bloomsbury Academic.
Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (2015). Pronunciation fundamentals: Evidence-based perspectives
for L2 teaching and research. John Benjamins.
Du, J., & Alm, A. (2024). The impact of ChatGPT on English for academic purposes (EAP) students’
language learning experience: A self-determination theory perspective. Education Sciences,
14(7), 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070726
Dudeney, G., & Hockly, N. (2012). ICT in ELT: How did we get here and where are we going? ELT
Journal, 66(4), 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs050
Fatimah, S. (2021). The use of mobile-assisted language learning application in pronunciation
training. UG Journal, 15(2), 45–58.
Fitria, T. N. (2021). Grammarly as AI-powered English writing assistant: Students’ alternative for
writing English. Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 5(1), 60–
73. https://doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
Fryer, L., & Carpenter, R. (2006). Bots as language learning tools. Language Learning & Technology,
10(3), 8–14.
Fyfe, P. (2022). How to cheat on your final paper: Assigning AI for student writing. AI & Society,
37(4), 1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01397-z
Gao, Y., Zhang, J., He, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2025). Feasibility and usability of an artificial intelligence-
powered gamification intervention for enhancing physical activity among college students.
JMIR Serious Games, 13, e65498. https://doi.org/10.2196/65498
Gayed, J. M., Carlon, M. K. J., Oriola, A. M., & Cross, J. S. (2022). Exploring an AI-based writing
assistant’s impact on English language learners. Computers and Education: Artificial
Intelligence, 3, 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100055
Guth, S. (2009). Personal learning environments for language learning. In M. Thomas (Ed.),
Handbook of research on Web 2.0 and second language learning (pp. 451–471). Information
Science Reference.
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014). Does gamification work? A literature review of empirical
studies on gamification. In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
(pp. 3025–3034). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.377
Han, B. (2019). Application of artificial intelligence in autonomous English learning among college
students. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(6), 63–74.
https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i06.10300
Hays, R. T. (2005). The effectiveness of instructional games: A literature review and discussion.
Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division.
Herring, S. C. (2001). Computer-mediated discourse. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton
(Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 612–634). Blackwell.
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and
implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Huang, X., Zou, D., Cheng, G., Chen, X., & Xie, H. (2023). Trends, research issues and applications of
artificial intelligence in language education. Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 112–
131. https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202301_26(1).0009
Jiao, W., Wang, W., Huang, J.-T., Wang, X., & Tu, Z. (2023). Is ChatGPT a good translator? A
preliminary study. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08745
James, K. K., & Mayer, R. E. (2019). Learning a second language by playing a game. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 33(4), 669–674. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3492
Labadzé, Z., et al. (2023). ChatGPT in higher education: Benefits and challenges. International
Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(3), 24.
Lee, S. M. M. (2024). L2 vocabulary learning with an AI chatbot: From linguistic, affective, and
cognitive perspectives. In Theory and practice in vocabulary research in digital
environments (pp. 115–131). Taylor & Francis.
Liakin, D., Cardoso, W., & Liakina, N. (2015). Learning L2 pronunciation with a mobile speech
recognizer: French /y/. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(5), 392–419.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.991795
Loos, E., Gröpler, J., & Goudeau, M.-L. S. (2023). Using ChatGPT in education: Human reflection on
ChatGPT’s self-reflection. Societies, 13(8), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13080196
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for
AI in education. Pearson.
Lund, B. D., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a new
academic reality: Artificial intelligence-written research papers and the ethics of the large
language models in scholarly publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science
and Technology, 74(9), 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750
Monzon, N., & Hays, F. A. (2025). Leveraging generative artificial intelligence to improve motivation
and retrieval in higher education learners. JMIR Medical Education, 11(1), e59210.
https://doi.org/10.2196/59210
Nilsson, N. J. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.
Rahman, M. M., & Watanobe, Y. (2023). ChatGPT for education and research: Opportunities, threats,
and strategies. Applied Sciences, 13(9), 5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095783
Rahaman, M. S., Ahsan, M. M., Anjum, N., Rahman, M. M., & Rahman, M. N. (2023). The AI race is on!
Google’s Bard and OpenAI’s ChatGPT head to head: An opinion article. Journal of Emerging
Technologies in Learning, 18(12), 1–5.
Ruan, S., Huang, X., & Xie, H. (2021). Digital game-based vocabulary learning: Where are we and
where are we going? In Digital games in language learning: Case studies and applications
(pp. 55–76). Springer.
Satiti, L. H., Fauziati, E., & Seytaningsih, E. (2024). AI chatbot as an effective English teaching partner
for university students. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences, 5(3),
463–469. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v5i3.820
Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.
Shortt, M., Tilak, S., Kuznetcova, I., Martens, B., & Akinkuolie, B. (2023). Gamification in mobile-
assisted language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36(2–3), 152–171.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1933540
Singh, R. J. (2023). Transforming higher education: The power of artificial intelligence. International
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology, 12(2), 34–49.
Stewart, J. C., Davis, G. A., & Igoche, D. A. (2020). AI, IoT, and AIoT: Definitions and impacts on the
artificial intelligence curriculum. Issues in Information Systems, 21(4), 167–175.
https://doi.org/10.48009/4_iis
Stockwell, G., & Hubbard, P. (2013). Some emerging principles for mobile-assisted language
learning. The International Research Foundation for English Language Education, 10(2), 1–
15.
Suryani, L., Syahrizal, T., & Fauziah, U. N. E. (2019). Using Orai application in teaching
pronunciation. Indonesian EFL Journal, 5(1), 23–34.
https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/IEFLJ/article/view/1835
Salvaris, M., Dean, D., & Tok, W. H. (2018). Deep learning with Azure: Building and deploying
artificial intelligence solutions on the Microsoft AI platform. Apress.
Thornton, C. (2007). Artificial intelligence. New Age International.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard
University Press.
Wang, X., Li, L., Tan, S., Yang, L., & Lei, J. (2023). Preparing for AI-enhanced education:
Conceptualizing and empirically examining teachers’ AI readiness. Computers in Human
Behavior, 143, 107675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107675
Williamson, B., & Piattoeva, N. (2022). Education governance and datafication: An introduction.
Learning, Media and Technology, 47(1), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2022.2035590
Wu, L. (2022). Case study on application of artificial intelligence to oral English teaching in
vocational colleges. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers in
Education (pp. 112–118). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCBE56101.2022.9888213
Xi, Y. (2022). Artificial intelligence and education: Culturally responsive strategies for future
classrooms. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(5), 1275–1290.
Xu, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, L. (2020). Real-time feedback in AI-powered learning systems: Enhancing
engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Technology Research, 28(3), 221–235.
Yi, Y., Cho, S., & Jang, J. (2022). Methodological innovations in examining digital literacies in applied
linguistics research. TESOL Quarterly, 56(3), 869–897. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3140
Yin, Q., & Satar, M. (2020). English as a foreign language learner interactions with chatbots:
Negotiation for meaning. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 7(2), 390–
410. http://iojet.org/index.php/IOJET/article/view/707
Yingsoon, G. Y. (2021). Using AI technology to support speaking skill development. In Handbook of
research on advancing teaching and teacher education in the context of a virtual world (pp.
152–167). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5876-8.ch010
Yoon, S. Y. (2019). Student readiness for AI instruction: Perspectives on AI in university EFL
classrooms. Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 22(4), 65–84.
Zeng, D. (2021). Ethical issues of AI in education: A literature review. International Journal of
Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-
021-00290-2