PRACTICAL NO:- 07
AIM: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASE VOLTAGE
SOURCE INVERTER (VSI) USING 120º, 180º AND 150º MODE OF
OPERATION TECHNIQUES IN PSIM/MATLAB
APPARATUS: Power-Simulator (PSIM)
THEORY:
THREE PHASE INVERTER
1 A basic Three-Phase Inverter is a six step bridge Inverter. It uses a minimum of 6
Thyristors or IBGTs. In Inverter Terminology, A Step is defined as a change in the firing
from one SCR/IGBT to the next SCR/IGBT in proper sequence.
2 For one cycle of 360º, each step would be of 60º interval for a six-step inverter. This
means that SCR/IGBT would be gated at regular interval of 60º in proper sequence so that
a 3-phase AC voltage is synthesized at the output terminal of 6-step Inverter.
3 Earlier SCR [Thyristors] are used as switches in Single phase Inverter and Three phase
Inverter, but now in Present Era use of IGBTs in the Single phase Inverter and Three
phase Inverter is on the rise.
4 There are 3 possible conduction modes for 3-Phase Inverter.
A) 120º Conduction Mode
B) 150º Conduction Mode
C) 180º Conduction Mode
120 º CONDUCTION MODE FOR THREE PHASE VSI
1 In the Three Phase VSI, each SCR/IGBT conducts for 120º of a cycle. SCR/IGBT pair in
each leg i.e.: S1,S4; S3,S6 & S5,S2 are turned on with a time interval of 120º. A delay of
60º is provided between the turning-on and turning-off of 2 switches of each leg.
2 Thus short-circuiting of the DC source is avoided. As only switches conduct at a time,
one load terminal remains floating in this conduction scheme.
Vdc
3 RMS Value of Phase Voltage = = 0.408*VDC
√6
Vdc
4 RMS Value of Line Voltage = = 0.707*VDC
√2
(𝑉𝑑𝑐)2
5 Total 3-Phase Output Power of the Inverter = .
2∗𝑅
SIMULATION OF 3-PHASE VSI FOR R-LOAD WITH 120º
CONDUCTION MODE
1) POWER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONTROL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FIGURE NO:-1 3-PHASE VSI WITH 120 DEG CONDUCTION MODE FOR R-LOAD
FIGURE NO:-2 CONTROL CIRCUIT OF 3-PHASE VSI WITH 120 DEG CONDUCTION MODE
2) GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM
A. A table giving the sequence of firing the 6 IGBT is prepared as shown in table-1.
Angle Range S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6
º º
0 -60 ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
60º-120º ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
º º OFF OFF OFF OFF
120 -180 ON ON
180º-240º OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF
240º-300º OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF
300º-360º OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON
TABLE-1: FIRING SEQUENCE OF 6 SWITCHES FOR VSI IN 120 º CONDUCTION MODE
FIGURE NO:-3 GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM FOR SWITCH S-1, S-2 & S-3
FIGURE NO:-4 GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM FOR SWITCH S-4, S-5 & S-6
3) LINE VOLTAGE, PHASE VOLTAGE AND PHASE CURRENT WAVEFORM
FIGURE NO:-5 WAVEFORM OF LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE Vry=441.12VOLT, Vyb=441.12 VOLT &
Vbr= 441.45VOLT
FIGURE NO:-6 WAVEFORM OF LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE Vr=254.61 VOLT, Vy=254.81 VOLT &
Vb= 254.81 VOLT
FIGURE NO:-7 WAVEFORM OF PHASE CURRENT Ir=21.21 AMPS, Iy=21.23 AMPS &
Ib= 21.23 AMPS
4) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE VOLTAGE, PHASE VOLTAGE AND PHASE CURRENT
WAVEFORM
A) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Line to Line Voltage, The Total Harmonic Distortion is
found equal to 31.11%. Table-2 show the data of VL-L(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FIGURE NO:-8 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Vry/Vyb/Vbr
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 595.69 / 595.23 / 595.69 VOLT
150 Hz 3RD 0.62 / 0 / 0.62 VOLT
250 Hz 5TH 119.35 / 118.81 / 119.35 VOLT
350 Hz 7TH 84.94 / 85.48 / 84.94 VOLT
TABLE-2: VALUE OF VL-L(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
B) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Line to Line Voltage, The Total Harmonic Distortion is
found equal to 31.11%. Table-3 show the data of VL-N(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Vr/Vy/Vb
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 343.82 / 344.13 / 344.13 VOLT
150 Hz 3RD 0.415 / 0.207 / 0.207 VOLT
250 Hz 5TH 69.01 / 68.70 / 68.70 VOLT
350 Hz 7TH 48.93 / 49.24/ 49.24 VOLT
TABLE-3: VALUE OF VL-N(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
FIGURE NO:-9 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
C) FFT ANALYSIS OF PHASE CURRENT
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Phase Current, The Total Harmonic Distortion is found
equal to 31.13%. Table-4 show the data of IPH(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FIGURE NO:-10 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM PHASE CURRENT
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Ir/Iy/Ib
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 28.65 / 28.67 / 28.67 AMP
150 Hz 3RD 0.034 / 0.017/ 0.017AMP
250 Hz 5TH 5.75 / 5.72 / 5.72 AMP
350 Hz 7TH 4.07 / 4.10/ 4.10 AMP
TABLE-4: VALUE OF IPH(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
150 º CONDUCTION MODE FOR THREE PHASE VSI
1 In the Three Phase VSI, each SCR/IGBT conducts for 150º of a cycle.
2 Three SCR/IGBT will conduct for 150º of a cycle
3 RMS Value of Line Voltage = 0.78*VDC
√2∗Vdc
4 RMS Value of Phase Voltage ≈ ≈ 0.450*VDC
𝜋
SIMULATION OF 3-PHASE VSI FOR R-LOAD WITH 150º
CONDUCTION MODE
1) POWER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONTROL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FIGURE NO:-11 3-PHASE VSI WITH 150 DEG CONDUCTION MODE FOR R-LOAD
FIGURE NO:-12 CONTROL CIRCUIT OF 3-PHASE VSI WITH 150 DEG CONDUCTION MODE
2) GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM
FIGURE NO:-13 GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM FOR SWITCH S-1, S-2 & S-3
FIGURE NO:-14 GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM FOR SWITCH S-4, S-5 & S-6
A) A table giving the 12 Switching patterns of the 6 IGBT presented per cycle with each
pattern duration of 30º as shown in table-5.
Angle Range S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6
0º-30º ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON
30º-60º ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
º º
60 -90 ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON
90º-120º ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
º º OFF OFF OFF
120 -150 ON ON ON
150º-180º OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF
º º OFF OFF OFF
180 -210 ON ON ON
210º-240º OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF
240º-270º OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF
º º
270 -300 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF
300º-330º OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON
º º
330 -360 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON
TABLE-5: FIRING SEQUENCE OF 6 SWITCHES FOR VSI IN 120 º CONDUCTION MODE
3) LINE VOLTAGE, PHASE VOLTAGE AND PHASE CURRENT WAVEFORM
FIGURE NO:15 WAVEFORM OF LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE Vry=442.95 VOLT, Vyb=442.95 VOLT &
Vbr= 443.04 VOLT
FIGURE NO:-16 WAVEFORM OF LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE Vr=255.77 VOLT, Vy=255.71 VOLT &
Vb= 255.77 VOLT
FIGURE NO:-17 WAVEFORM OF PHASE CURRENT Ir=21.31 AMPS, Iy=21.30 AMPS &
Ib= 21.31 AMPS
4) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE VOLTAGE, PHASE VOLTAGE AND PHASE CURRENT
WAVEFORM
A) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Line to Line Voltage, The Total Harmonic Distortion is
found equal to 16.87%. Table-5 show the data of VL-L(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FIGURE NO:-18 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Vry/Vyb/Vbr
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 617.69 / 617.69 / 617.84 VOLT
150 Hz 3RD 0.432 / 0.432 / 0.272 VOLT
250 Hz 5TH 33.29 / 33.29 / 33.73 VOLT
350 Hz 7TH 23.46 / 23.46 / 24.01 VOLT
TABLE-5: VALUE OF VL-L(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
B) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Line to Line Voltage, The Total Harmonic Distortion is
found equal to 16.86%. Table-6 show the data of VL-N(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Vr/Vy/Vb
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 356.68 / 356.59 / 356.68 VOLT
150 Hz 3RD 0.193 / 0.273 / 0.193 VOLT
250 Hz 5TH 19.00 / 19.32 / 19.00 VOLT
350 Hz 7TH 13.76 / 13.43 / 13.76 VOLT
TABLE-6: VALUE OF VL-N(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
FIGURE NO:-19 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
C) FFT ANALYSIS OF PHASE CURRENT
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Phase Current, The Total Harmonic Distortion is found
equal to 16.86%. Table-7 show the data of IPH(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FIGURE NO:-20 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM PHASE CURRENT
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Ir/Iy/Ib
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 29.72 / 29.71 / 29.72 AMP
150 Hz 3RD 0.016 / 0.022 / 0.016 AMP
250 Hz 5TH 1.58 / 1.61 / 1.58 AMP
350 Hz 7TH 1.146 / 1.119 / 1.146 AMP
TABLE-7: VALUE OF IPH(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
180 º CONDUCTION MODE FOR THREE PHASE VSI
1 In the Three Phase VSI, each SCR/IGBT conducts for 180º of a cycle.
2 Each Switch conducts for periods of 180º. Switches are triggered in the sequence of their
number with an interval of 60º. At a time, 3 switches (one form each leg) conduct. One
Complete cycle is divided into 6 modes, each of 60º intervals
Vdc∗√2
3 RMS Value of Phase Voltage = = 0.816*VDC
√3
Vdc∗√2
4 RMS Value of Line Voltage = = 0.47*VDC
3
2∗(𝑉𝑑𝑐)2
5 Total 3-Phase Output Power of the Inverter = .
3∗𝑅
SIMULATION OF 3-PHASE VSI FOR R-LOAD WITH 180º
CONDUCTION MODE
1) POWER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONTROL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FIGURE NO:-21 3-PHASE VSI WITH 180 DEG CONDUCTION MODE FOR R-LOAD
FIGURE NO:-22 CONTROL CIRCUIT OF 3-PHASE VSI WITH 120DEG CONDUCTION MODE
2) GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM
A. A table giving the sequence of firing the 6 IGBT is prepared as shown in table-8.
Angle S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6
Range
0º-60º ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON
60º-120º ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON
120º-180º ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF
180º-240º OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF
240º-300º OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF
300º-360º OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON
TABLE-8: FIRING SEQUENCE OF 6 SWITCHES FOR VSI IN 120 º CONDUCTION MODE
FIGURE NO:-23 GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM FOR SWITCH S-1, S-2 & S-3
FIGURE NO:-24 GATE SIGNAL WAVEFORM FOR SWITCH S-4, S-5 & S-6
3) LINE VOLTAGE, PHASE VOLTAGE AND PHASE CURRENT WAVEFORM
FIGURE NO:-25 WAVEFORM OF LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE Vry=440.68 VOLT, Vyb=441.01 VOLT &
Vbr= 441.01 VOLT
FIGURE NO:-26 WAVEFORM OF LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE Vr=254.49 VOLT, Vy=254.49 VOLT &
Vb= 254.68 VOLT
FIGURE NO:27 WAVEFORM OF PHASE CURRENT Ir=21.20 AMPS, Iy=21.20 AMPS &
Ib= 21.22 AMPS
4) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE VOLTAGE, PHASE VOLTAGE AND PHASE CURRENT
WAVEFORM
A) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Line to Line Voltage, The Total Harmonic Distortion is
found equal to 31.13%. Table-9 show the data of VL-L(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FIGURE NO: 28 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Vry/Vyb/Vbr
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 595.07 / 595.06 / 595.06 VOLT
150 Hz 3RD 0.71 / 0.35 / 0.35 VOLT
250 Hz 5TH 119.44 / 118.90 / 118.90 VOLT
350 Hz 7TH 84.69 / 85.23 / 85.23 VOLT
TABLE-9: VALUE OF VL-L(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
B) FFT ANALYSIS OF LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Line to Line Voltage, The Total Harmonic Distortion is
found equal to 31.11%. Table-10 show the data of VL-N(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Vr/Vy/Vb
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 343.67 / 343.67 / 343.34 VOLT
150 Hz 3RD 0.35 / 0.35 / 0.0 VOLT
250 Hz 5TH 68.85 / 68.85 / 68.54VOLT
350 Hz 7TH 49.00 / 49.00 / 49.31 VOLT
TABLE-10: VALUE OF VL-N(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
FIGURE NO:-29 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM LINE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
C) FFT ANALYSIS OF PHASE CURRENT
In FFT Analysis of Output Maximum Phase Current, The Total Harmonic Distortion is found
equal to 31.11%. Table-11 show the data of IPH(max) at Different value of Frequency.
FIGURE NO:-30 FFT ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT MAXIMUM PHASE CURRENT
FREQUENCY HARMONIC LEVEL Ir/Iy/Ib
50 Hz FUNDAMENTAL 28.63 / 28.63 / 28.66 AMP
150 Hz 3RD 0.029 / 0.029 / 3.11 AMP
250 Hz 5TH 5.73 / 5.73 / 5.71 AMP
350 Hz 7TH 4.08 / 4.08 / 4.10 AMP
TABLE-11: VALUE OF IPH(MAX) AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
CONCLUSION
1 In the analysis of all 3 conduction modes of 3-Phase Voltage Source Inverter, The 3rd
Harmonic is completely absent in FFT analysis of Line to Line Voltage, Line to Neutral
Voltage and Phase Current.
2 In the analysis of all 3 conduction modes of 3-Phase Voltage Source Inverter, the THD %
of 150 Degree Conduction Mode VSI is very small compared to 120 Degree & 180
Degree Conduction Mode VSI.
