TROPICAL DESIGN conditions (temp.
, dryness,
wind, light…) averaged
Lesson 1 over a period of time
● All living creatures depend on the Climate conditions are effective in
best climate conditions ● Arrangement of building designs
● Climate is one of the most ● Determination of requirements
important factors that effect both ● Selections of equipments
architectural design and urban ● Building method and formation
planing
● Location, texture, shape, Different climate systems generate
direction, dimension, distance, regional architectural characteristics
etc. should be analyzed to
provide the best climate comfort Bioclimatic
indoors. ● Relationship Between living
organisms and climate
Weather
● Atmospheric conditions (temp., Bioclimatic Architecture
rainfall, etc) at a specific point in ● Approach to building design
time which is inspired by nature and
● Can be changed within minutes applies sustained logic to every
or hours aspect of a project, focused on
Climate optimizing and using the
● Atmospheric conditions (temp, environment
rainfall, etc) of a region over a
long period of time Major steps in Architectural Climatology
● Product of geographical factors of are:
an area. ● Climatology-study of climatic
elements
Climate has 4 major elements: ● Biology-study of human comfort
● Earth - soil level with respect to climatology
● Water - humidity ● Technology - creating of built
● Fire - sun and temp. environment architecture
● Air - wind
Building Climatology
Climatology ● Comfortable building climate
● Branch of atmospheric ● Energy-saving structural design
sciences that study ● Provide maximum protection
climate, scientifically against external factors
defined as weather ● Utilization of natural resources
● Providing sun spaces for
Primary Bioclimatic Building types collecting and transferring
● Hot-Humid heat
● Temperate Hot and Dry Climate (Jaisalmer,
● Hot-Arid Rajasthan)
● COld ● Hot dry weather in summer and
Buildings must be designed to fit in with scold in winter
their climate ● Small amount of rainfall
● Very low humidity
Cold and Dry Climate (Leh, India, North ● Sandy or rocky ground with less
America) or no vegetation cover
● Temp during summer is between ● High temp diff. Between night and
4 degrees - 24 degrees and day
during winter declines up to -14 ● High summer day time temp.
degrees to 9 degrees (32-36 C) in hotter regions above
40 - 50 C
Design Strategies
● Building length facing Design Strategies
south ● Inward looking buildings
● Use of sloping roof ● Compact planning
● Wooden flooring and ● Use of courtyards use of
furniture wind catchers or wind
● Buildings compact towers
● Settlements: Built masses ● Use of shading devices
grouped together ● Use of water bodies,
vegetation
Cold-Cloudy and Humid Climate
● WInters prolonged, summers Hot and Humid Climate (Trivandrum,
short Goa, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata)
● Precipitation spread over the ● Temp during day is 27 - 32
year-snow of hail degrees and during night
declines up to 21 - 27 degrees
Design Strategies ● Relative humidity remains high
● Orientation along ● High rainfall throughout the year
east-west axis ● Vegetation grows quickly due to
● Attics on roof tops are frequent rains and high temp
used to collect and retain
heat in built mass under Design Strategies
the sloping roof ● Buildings scattered and
separated by open spaces
● Large opening for ● Living platform elevated on stilts,
maximum cross ventilation adaptation to damp ground
● Orientation:North-South conditions
● High-pitched roof, rain water can
Composite Climate (Delhi, Nagpur) quickly, creates large air space
● Temp during summer is 27-45 (insulation) heat is radiated at an
degrees and during winter 4 - 25 angle rather than directly on living
degrees space below
● Relative humidity in dry period is ● Large windows, cross ventilation
20-25% and wet period is ● Operable windows, awning type,
55-95% protection from rain at the same
time provides shade
Design Strategies ● Wide roof overhangs
● Moderately Compact ● Walls and roof are constructed of
● Provide mutual shading thatch, low U-value
and shelter ● Bamboo flooring, slats allows air
● Orientation - preferably to breeze upward
north - south ● Surrounding gardens
● Use of courtyards
● Use of terraces Bahay na Bato
● Living platform is elevated, heavy
stone walled ground floor
Lesson 2 ● High-pitched roof, rain water can
be quickly drained, creates large
Tropical Architecture air space (insulation) heat is
● Type of green building applicable radiated at an angle rather than
specifically for tropical climates, directly on living space below
using design to optimally reduce ● Wide eaves, ALERO , underside
buildings’ energy consumption, was fitted with lattices vents
particularly the cooling load ● Large windows, CAPIZ PANELS
allow daylight to penetrate
Samoans long ago did not install walls interiors
to allow free-flow breezes ● VENTANILLAS, operable
windows on barandillas
Malayan homes’ plentiful windows aim ● VOLADA, cantilevered gallery
to maximize cross-ventilation along the perimeter of the second
floor, double layered facade
Bahay Kubo ● CALADO, latticed openings
above interior walls
● Operable louvers or jalousies,
dynamic exterior louvers
● Wooden walls, low U-value
Principles
● Consideration of the weather,
hydrography and ecosystems
● Efficacy and moderation in the
use of construction materials,
giving priority to low energy
content compared to high energy
● Reduction of energy consumption
for heating, cooling, lighting and
equipment, covering the
remainder of the claim with
renewable energy sources
● The minimization of the building
overall energy balance, covering
the design, construction, use and
end of its life
● The fulfillment of requirements of
comfort, safety, lighting and
occupancy of buildings
