17 Circles

g Introduction
A circle is defined as the figure (closed figure)
obtained by
a constant distance from a fixed point in the same plane. joining all those points in a plane which are at
Or. acircle is the locus of a point which moves in a plane in such a way
that its distance from a fixed point
in the same plane always remains constant.

Terms related to a Circle

i r C uf
m erence

Centre :The point in the interior of the circle which is equidistant from
Radius
all the points on the circle is called centre of the circle.
Chord :Aline segment joining two points on a circle is called the chord
of the circle. In the given figure, AB is the chord of the circle with centre Diameter
. D
Centre
Diameter:A chord which passes through the centre of the circle is called
Chord
diameter. There are infinitely many lines passing through the centre, so B

a circle has infinitely many diameters.

Radius : It is a straight line joining the centre and the circumference. AIl
radiiof the same circle are equal and their length is always one-half that
of the diameter.
Circumference:It is the linear distance around a circle. In other words,the perimeter
A
of a circle is called itscircumference.
Arc:An arc is a part of the circumference of a circle. A chord divides the circumference
of a circle into two parts and each part is called an arc.
In the given figure, chord AB divides the circumference into two unequal arcs APB and
AQB.
lhearc APB which is less than the semicircle, is called minor arc and the arc AQB which
1s greater than the semicircle is called major arc. Major Sector
Dector : The part of the plane region enclosed by an arc of a circle and its two bounding
called the minor
tadii is called a sector of the circle. The part containing the minor arc is Minor Sector
major sector.
sector and the part containing the major arc is called the
Circles 297
 chord of a circle divides its circular region into two parts. Each part of the circular
Segment: A region is called
circle.
segment ofthe
aThe part of the circular region containing the minor arc is calledla minor segment and the part containing the
major segment.
major arcis called
Concentric Circles
to be concentric if they have same centre and different radii.
circles are said
Two or more
Ois the centre of each circle drawn; sothe circles are called concentric
Inthe given figure,
circles.
if they have equal radii. They can
EaualCircles : Circles are said to be equal or congruent
each other.
be superposed on of a polygon is called a
Circumscribed Circle : A circle passing through all the vertices
circumcentre. The polvgon is
circumscribed circle of the polygon and itscentre is called
called an inscribed polygon.
points which lie on the circumference of the same circle are called concyclic oints.
The
(ii) (ii)
(i)

the inscribed circle of the polvgon. ke

Inscribed Circle: Acircle that touches all the sides of a polygon is called
a circumscribed polygon.
centre is called incentre and the polygon iscalled

(ii) (iii)
(i)

Special facts on Chord

angles
to bisect a chord, which is not a diameter, isat right
1. Astraight line drawn from the centre of a circle
to the chord.
bisects the chord.
2. The perpendicular to a chord, from the centre of the circle,
vice-versa.
3. Greater is the size of a chord, smaller is its distance from the centre and
4. Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre.
5. Chords of acircle, equidistant from the centre of the circle are equal.
6 Equal chords subtend equal angles at centre.
7 Equal arcs have equal chords.
Angle Properties of Circles
Theorem 1
Ihe angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at ay
point on the remaining part of the circumference.
GIven :An arc AB of acircle with centre Osubtends ZAOB at the centre and ACB at point C
on the remaining circumference.
To prove: ZAOB=2 ZACB.
298, ICSE Mathematics for Class X
Construction: Join CO
and produce it to a
Proof:We
shall consider the following threepoint D,
Case
I: When AB is a minor arc {Fig (i)} different cases:

B
A

(i)
(ii) (iii)
In AAOC, ZAOD is an exterior angle
ZAOD = 20AC + /0CA = /0CA + (":: OA = 0C= r)
0CA
ZAOD =2 /0CA ..)
Similarly, in ABOC, ZBOD is an exterior angle
ZBOD = ZOBC+ OCB = ZOCB + Z0CB (:: OB =0C=r)
ZBOD 2/0CB ...iü)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
ZAOD + BOD=2/0CA +2 ZOCB
ZAOB = 2 ZACB
Case II : When AB is a semicircle {Fig. (ii)}
We know that an exxterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the interior opposite angles.
(":: OA = 0C= r)
In AAOC, ZAOD = Z0AC+ Z0AC= Z0CA + Z0CA
ZAOD =220CA
..1)
ZBOD =2 /0CB ...iv)
Likewise in ABOC,
Adding (iii)and (iv), we get
ZAOD + ZBOD =2 /0CA + 2 Z0CB
ZAOB =2ZACB

Case III : When AB is a major arc {Fig. (iii)}

We know that an exterior angle of a triangle is
equal to the sum of the interior opposite angles.
InAAOC, ZAOD is an exterior angle Z0CA=Z0CA+ Z0CA (:: OA =OC=r)
ZAOD = Z0AC +
ZAOD =2Z0CA ...(v)
...(vi)
Likewise, in ABOC, BOD = 2 OCB
Adding (v) and (vi), we get
20CA +2 ZOCB
ZAOD + ZBOD=2
Reflex AOB = 2 ZACB
Hence Proved

Theorem 2
equal.
Angles in the same segment of acircle are segment ofa circle with centre 0.
same
Given:ACB and ZADB are in the
To prove:ACB =ZADB
Construction : Join OA and OB.
the centre and ZACB at point Cof the remaining
Proof: Arc APB subtendsAOB at
circumference. Circles 299
 ZAOB =2ZACB ..(1)) (angle at the centre is
twice the
angle at the remaining
ZAOB =2ZADB circumference)
Similarly,
ZACB = ZADB ..)
(from (i) and (i)]
Hence Proved
Theorem 3
right angle.
The angle in a semicircle is a
Note
diameter of the circle with centre O. ACB is the angle of semicircle.
Given : AB is the 1. If
2. A

Theo
B
The ext
Given
To pro

Proof
To prove: ZACB = 90°
Proof: Arc APB subtends AOB at the centre and ZACB at point Cof remaining circumference.
ZAOB =2ZACB ...i) (angle at the centre is twice the
angle at remaining circumference)
ZAOB = 180° ..i) (AOB is a straight line.)
2 ZACB = 180° [From (i) and (ii)]
ZACB 90°
Hence Proved
Ex
Cyclic Properties the
circumference of a
When a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle i.e. the vertices of the quadrilateral lie on the Solui
circle, the quadrilateral is called a cyclic quadrilateral.
Theorenm 4 D

The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

Given : Aquadrilateral ABCD inscribed in a circle with centre O.
To prove: ZABC+ZADC= 180°
and ZBAD + ZBCD = 180°
Construction: Join OA and OC. m
Proof:Arc ABCsubtends ZAOCat the centre and ZADC at pointD of the remaining
circumference.
centreis twice the
ZAOC =2ZADC (angle at the a

angle at remaining circumference,) Solt

..)
ZADC: 2
LAOC
...(i)
Similarly, ZABC = reflex ZAOC
300 ICSE
Mathematics for Class X
 1
ZABC + ZADC = (reflex ZAOC + ZAOC) (From (i) and (ii)]
2

x 360°= 180° (reflexZAOC+ ZAOC=360°)

2
Likewise, ZBAD +ZBCD = 180°
Hence Proved

Note
cyclic.
1. If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are supplementary, the quadrilateral is
2. Angle of major segment is acute and angle of minor segment is obtuse.

Theorem 5
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior opposite angle.
Given : A cyclic quadrilateral ABCD whose side AB is produced to a point E.
ZADC
To prove: ext. ZCBE = B

Proof: ZABC + ZCBE = 180° ..(i)

(".::ZABC + ZCBE = ZABE = 180°)
supplementary)
ZABC+ZADC= 180° ...ü) (opp. Zs of a cyclicquadrilateral are
ZABC+ ZCBE =ZABC +ZADC
[from (i) and (ii)]
ZCBE = ZADC
Hence Proved

llustrative Examples

such that the angles subtended by

Example 1. Inthe given figure, A, Band C are three points on a circleFindZBAC.
the chords AB and AC at the centre O are 90° and 110° respectively.
Solution: We have ZBOA=90°
and ZAOC= 110°
/BOC =360° - (ZBOA+ZAOC)
= 360° - (90° + 110°) = 160° B

ZBAC = ZBOC
Now 2

x 160°= 80° (': angle subtended by an arc of a

2 circle at the centre is double the angle
subtended by the arc on the circumference.)

Example 2. Achord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. Find the angle subtended by the chord
at a point on the minor arcand also at a point on the major arc.
Solution: Let AB be a chord of circle with centre O.
JoinOA and AB.
. Chord is equal tothe radius of circle.
AB = OA = OB

Circles 301
 equilateral triangle
’ AOAB is an ZAOB = 60°
Reflex ZAOB = 360° - 60°= 300°
1 reflex ZAOB = x300° = 150°
ZAQB = 2
Now 2
1
ZAPB= ZAOB =X60° = 30°
2 2
and

measure of angle subtended at minor arc is 150°

So, subtended at major arc is 30°.
and measure of angle
O and CD is a chord egual to th
figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre = 60º
Example 3. In the given
when extended intersect at E. Prove that AEB
BD
radius of the circle. AC and
and CB.
Solution: Join OC, OD CD = OC
circle)
= OD (radii of the same
AOCD is an equilateral triangle.
ZCOD = 60°
1
x ZCOD=x60° =30°
ZCBD = 2
2

AsAB is a diameter, semicircle)

ZACB = 90° (angle in
of ACBE
:ZACB is an exterior angle
ZACB =ZCEB+ ZCBE

angle is sum of two interior opposite angles) (::ZCBE = ZCBD= 30°)

(exterior 90°=CEB + 30°
ZCEB = 60° (".::ZCEB = ZAEB)
ZAEB = 60°

160°. Prove that

O is the centre ofthe circle and AOC =
Example4. In the given figure,
3/y-2 Lx=140°.

is double the angle at

Lx= ZAOC (angle at the centre
circle)
Solution: the
2
the remaining part of

Lx160
2
=80°
Reflex ZAOC = 360° - 160°
= 200° the
thecentreisdouble
circle)
1 (angleat part ofthe
Reflex AOC remainingB
Ly= 2 the
angle at

1
=-X200°= 100°
2
3 Zy-2 Zx=3 x 100° -2x 80°
= 300°- 160° = 140°

302 lCSE Mathematics for Class X

 Example 5. In:the given figure, Ois the centre of the circle and PBA =45°. Calculatethe value of ZPQB.

Solution: As Ois the centre of the circle, AB is a diameter.

ZAPB= 90° (angle in semicircle)
In AAPB, ZPAB +t ZPBA + ZAPB
= 180o
(angle sum property of a triangle) 45°B
ZPAB + 45° + 90° = 180°
ZPAB = 180° - 135° = 45° Q

ZPQB = ZPAB (angles in the same segment of a circle are equal)

’ ZPQB = 45° (:: ZPAB = 45°)

Erample 6. In the given figure, A, B, Cand Dare four points on a circle. AC and BD 1300
intersect at a point E. If ZBEC = 130° and ZECD = 20°, find ZBAC.

Solution: We note that ZBECis an exterior angle of ACDE

ZBEC =ZECD+ZEDC (ext. Z=sum of twoint. opp. s)
130° = 20° +EDC
ZEDC=110° ’BDC=110°
Now ZBAC=ZBDC (angles in the same segment of a circle)
ZBAC = 110°

Example7. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle, BD= 0D and CDl AB. Eh
B
Find CAB.

Solution: Given BD = OD
As OB = OD (radii of same circle)
So BD = OD = 0B

’ AOBD is equilateral
ZOBD = 60°
Also CDIAB,
SO ZBED= 90°
In AEBD, BED + /EBD +BDE = 180°
90° + 60° + BDE = 180° ’ ZBDE= 30° =BDC= 30°
But ZCAB=/BDC (angles in the same segment)
ZCAB = 30°
45
CXample 8. In the given figure, ZBAD = 65°, ZABD = 70° and BDC = 45°,
) Prove that AC is a diameter of the circle.
(i) Find ACB. AA6so 70°/^ B

Circles 303
 InAABD,
Solutio: (i) = 180°
ZADB +ZBAD +ZABD
ZADB + 65° + 70° = 180°
ZADB = 180° - 135°= 45°
+ ZBDC = 45° + 45° = 90°
From figure, ZADC= ZADB so the arc ie
circle subtends a right angle at any point of thecircumference,
Thus. an arc of a
the circle
semicircle ’ ACisa diameter of ZACB =ZADB (angles in same segment of a circle)
(ii) ZACB = 45° (:: ZADB= 45° proved above)

figure, AB is a diameter of the circle with centre Oand CD|| BA. If ZCAB = , find
Example 9. Inthe given
the values of

(i) COB
(i) ZDOC

(ii) ZDAC

(iv) ZADC
(Given)
ZCAB =x
Solution: (i)
ZCOB = 2x°
(angle at the centre is double the angle
at the circumference)
(alt. Zs, DC|| AB)
Z0CD =ZCOB= 2x°
(ii) ZODC = 2x°
(0C= OD, radii of same circle and Zsopp
equal sides are equal in a A)
ZDOC = 180° - (2x°+ 2x°)
= (180 - 4x)°
angle
<D C ZDOC (angle at the centre is double the
(iii) at the circumference)

= (180 4x)° = (90- 2x)°

(alt. s, DC| AB)
2
ZACD =ZCAB = x is 180)
(iv) (sum of Ls of aA
ZADC =180° - (x°+ (90 2x)°]
= (90 + x)°

Example 10. In thegiven figure, two circles with centres O,C

Intersect at points A, B. The centre Cof the smaller circle lies on the
Circumference of the other circle. If AOB =64°, find ZAPB.

Solution: Given ZAOB = 64°

reflex ZAOB = 360°- 64° = 296°
1
LACB = reflex AOB
2
304 ICSE Mathe
 LACB =X296° = 148°
1
ZAPB = ZACB = x148° = 74°
2

Example 71.1In the given figure, Ois the centre of the circle. The angle
subtended by the arc BCD at the centre is 140°. BC is produced to P.
Determine ZBAD andZBCD 1400

B
BCD mnakes
Solution: As the arc
BOD= 140°
at thecentre and ZBAD at a point on the circumference
ZBAD = ZBOD X 140°=70°
2
Again, arcDAB makes
reflex BOD = 360° - 140° = 220°
at the centre and ZBCD at a point C on the circumference.
1
ZBCD = ZBOD= × 220°=110
2 2

56° and ZABC

Example 12. The given figure showsa AABC with ZBAC=
of the AABC at
=64°. Bisectors of angles A, Band Cmeet the circumcircle
of ZOPR.
points P,Q and R respectively. Find the measure
Solution: In given AABC,
ZABC+ZBAC+ZACB = 180°
64° + 56° + ZACB = 180°
ZACB=60°
ZQPA =2QBA
(angles of same segment)
(Given: BQ bisectsABC)
ZABC
2

x 64° = 32°

ZRPA=/RCA
(angles of same segment)
1 (Given: CR bisects ZACB)
ZACB
2
1
X 60° =30°
2 (y - [0°)

ZQPR =/OPA + ZRPA = 32° + 30° = 62°

My- 10)o

C= (y-50)°
Example 13. In the given figure, if ZA= (2x+ 10)°, ZB= (x +20)°,
and D =(y-10)°, find the values ofx andy. NJ(2x+10)>
(x+20)

Solution: ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral

ZB+ ZD = 180° (opp. Zs of acyclic quadrilateral are
supplementary)
(x+ 20)° + (y- 10)° = 180° ...i)
X + y = 170°

Circles 305,
 Similarly, ZA + ZC= 180°
(2x + 10)° + (y -50)° = 180°
2x +y= 220°
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we have
X= 50o
and y= 120°.

AB is the diameter of the circle. If /A

EXample 14. A quadrilateral ABCDis inscribed in a circle so that
=110°, find BAC.
Solution: ZB+D = 180°(:: the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral:are supplementary)
B+ 110° = 180°
110
ZB = 70°
Now, in AABC, ZACB = 90° (Angle in the semicircle) t

ZABC= 70° (proved above) So

BAC+ZACB + ZABC = 180° (angle sum property of a triangle)
BAC+ 90° + 70° = 180°
ZBAC = 20°

ZAOC= 130° and side AB is produced to D, find

ZBD.
Example 15. If Ois the centre of the circle,
circumference. Join AE and CE.
Solution: Take a point E on the remaining part of
1
Now ZAEC = ZAOC (angle subtended
2
by an arc at centre is
twice of the angle
subtended at any
part of circumference) 130

ZAEC = Lx130°
2

= 65°
produced to D.
Now ABCE is acyclic quadrilateral whose side AB is
ZCBD = ZAEC =65° ( ext. Zof acyclic quadrilatere
= interior opp. ang'
ZCBD =65°

ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and

Example 16. In the given figure,and
ZBDC ZBEC.
ZABC= 50°. Determine
B

have
Solution: In AABC, we AB = AC
ZACB = LABC
= 50°

(Given)
 ZBAC = 180° - (ZACB + ZABC)
= 180°- (50° + 50°)
= 180°- 100°= 80°
Now BDC= /BAC =80° (Angle in the same segment)
Again ZBDC+ ZBEC= 180° (sum of opp. s ofa cyclic quadrilateral is
supplementary.)
BEC= 180°- 80°
= 100o
ZBDC= 80°
and ZBEC = 100°

Example 17. In the given figure, AB is a diameter of the circle and C, D, Eare any
three points on the semicircle. Find the value ofACD +BED.
Solution: Join AE.
As ACDE is a cyclic quadrilateral
ZACD + ZAED = 180° ...i)
As AB is a diameter of the circle,
ZAEB = 90° ...(iü)(Angle in a semicircle)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
ZACD +ZAED +ZAEB = 180° + 90°
’
ZACD + ZBED = 270°

andx= 2y. Calculate the values of

Example 18. In the given figure, ZBQR = 45° R
J45o
xand y.

(Given)
ZBQR =45°
Solution: (vertically opp. Zs)
ZAQP = 45°
ZQRS = ZBQR +ZQBR
(ext. Z of a A = sum of two int. opp. s)
...i)
=45° +y
ZQPS = ZAQP + ZPAQ
(ext. Z of a A = sum of two int. opp. Zs)
...(iü)
= 45° + x
Ls of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°)
But ZQRS + ZQPS = 180° (sum of opp. using (i) and (ii)]
180° = 45° + y+ 45° + x
x+y= 90°
(: x=2y given)
2y + y = 90°
3y = 90
y=30o

Circles 307,
 x= 2y =60°
So X=60o
and y= 30°.

1300

Example 19.In the given figure, AB is a diameter of the circle with centre O. If
ZADC = 130° and chord BC = chord BE, find /CBE.
Solution: Join OC and OE.
As ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
ZABC +ZADC= 180°
ZABC + 130° = 180°
ZABC = 50°
ZOBC = 50°

In AOBC and AOBE,

OC = 0E
BC = BE
(radii of same circe)
OB = 0B (Given)
A OBC AOBE
ZOBC = /0BE
(By SSS rule of (Common)
congruencj)
ZOBE = 50° (cpct)
(: ZOBC= 509)
ZCBE = Z0BC +ZOBE = 50° + 50° = 100°.

Example 20. In the given figure, the lengths of arc AB and arcBC are in the
ratio 3:2. If ZAOB=96°, find:
() ZCAB

(i) ZADB.
Solution: arc AB : arc BC =3:2
B
ZAOB: BOC =3:2
3 ZBOC =2ZAOB
D
3
ZBOC =X96°
2
=64°
(i) As angle at the centre is twice the angle at the remaining
ZBOC =2 ZCAB
circumference
64°
ZCAB = =320
2

(ii) ZAOB =2 ZACB

96°
LACB = 48°
2
Now ADBC is a cyclic quadrilateral
ZADB + ZACB = 180°
ZADB = 180°- 48° = 132°

for ClassX
308 ICSE Mathematics
 Exercise-17

1. In the given figure, ZAOC = 110°; calculate

(i) ZADC 1100

(ii) ZABC
(ii) Z0AC
3

points on a circle with centre

2. In the given figure, A, B and Care three
is a point on the circle
O such that BOC= 30° and ZAOB = 60°, If D
other than the arcABC, find ZADC.

and PRQ= 70°. Find ZQAR. o

3. In thegiven figure, PQ = PR
70°

Q and Rare points on a circle P

ZPQR = 110°, where P,
4 In the givenfigure,
Find ZOPR.
with centre O.

ZBAC=
If ZDBC = 70°.
diagonals intersect at a point E.
quadrilateral whose
ABCD is a cyclic find ECD.
5.
ZBCD. Further,ifAB = BC,
30, find

that BC
which ZBAC=30°. Show
in
figure, ABC is a triangle AABCwhosecentreis ).
given of
6. Inthe radius ofthe circumcircle
equals the

Circles 309
7. In the given figure, straight lines D

ofthe circle. If Z0CE = 40° and AB and CD pass through the centre )
ZAOD=75°, find ZcDE and /OBE
75

8. In the given figure, O is the centre of the

= 30°, then find the CAO.
circle. If ZAOB = 90° andZABC

9. In the given figure, BC|| DE and O is the centre of the

x, find in terms of x°, the value ofBAC.
circle. If ZCDE=
D

10. In acircle with centre O, a diameter AB and a

chord AD are drawn. Another circle is drawn with
AOas diameter to cut AD at C.
Prove that: BD=2x 0C.
11. ABCD is such a quadrilateral that A is the centre of the circle
passing throughB, C and D. Prove
that CBD + ZCDB = ;BAD.
12. AB is the diameter of a circle, ZDAB = 40°.
Find DCA.

13.
In thegiven figure, AB is a diameter of the circle
120°, find the mneasure with centre O. If ZBOC = )120°
ofZADC.
D

14. If ABC and ADC are two right triangles with common hypotenuse AC, prove that LCAD=
ZCBD.
15. In the given hgure, O is the centre of the circle
Chords AC and BD are
perpendicular to each other. /0AB=aand /DBC=b. Show that a= b.

16. Two unequal circles with centres A and B intersect each

other at points Cand D. The centre B of the smaller circle
lies on the circumference of the bigger circle with centre A.
If ZCMD = x°, find in terms of x, the measure of ZDAC.

17. Prove that the angle in the segment smaller than a semicircle is greater than a right angle.

18. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. DhI0

ZAOB =60° and ZBDC= 100°. Find OBC.

intersect each other at A and B. AC and AD are the

19. Two circles with centre O and O' respectively
C, B, D are collinear.
diameters of the circles respectively. Prove that

ACand
figure, AB is a diameter of the circle with centre O.
20. In the given Calculate ZCED.
E. ZCOD = 40°.
BD produced meet at

circle with centre 0. If AD is

given figure, AD is a diameter of a
21. In the ZCBD= 32°, find
parallel toBC and
(i) ZOBD

(ii) ZAOB
(iii) ZBED

Circles 311
 Bisectors of angles A, B and C of atriangle ABC intersect its circumcircle at points D, E andB

respectively. Prove that the angles of the triangle DEF are 90° ZA, 90°
2
ZB and 90°
2
ZC.
23. Two chords AB and CD intersect at P inside the circle. Prove
B
that the sum of the angles subtended by the arcs AC and BD at A
the centre O is equal to twice the angle APC. 960

24. In the given figure D

(i) ifBAD = 96°, find ZBCD and BFE

(ii) Prove that AD is parallel to FE.

25. Inthe given figure, chords AB and CD of a circle meet internally at P.

Given that AP =3 cm, AB=9cm and CP = 2.4 cm.
(i) Prove that triangles ACP and DBP are similar.
P
(ii) Find PD.
ar of AACP
(iii) Find
ar of ADBP

26. In the given figure, O is the centre of the given circle and OABC is
a parallelogram. BCis produced to meet the circle at D. Prove that
ZABC =2 20AD.

27. In thegiven figure, AE and BCintersect each other at point D. If ZCDE = 90°, AB =5 cm, BD=
4 cm and CD = 9 cm, find DE.

D
28. In the given
OR=6 cm and figure, PR is a diameter of the circle
PQRS.
RS =2cm.
Calculate the perimeterwith centre O. PQ =7 cm,
of the cyclic quadrilateral
2 cm

N M

29. In the given figure, RS is a diameter of the circle. NM is

MRS = 29°. Calculate parallel to RS and 290 S

(i) ZRNM

(ii) ZNRM

30. ABCD is acyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at E. If ZDBC =70° and ZBAC =30°,
find ZBCD. Further if AB = BC, find ZECD.

QPS = 73°,
31. In the given figure, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. Given R
ZPOS= 55° and ZPSR=82°. Calculate

(i) 2QRS P
730 Ss

(iü) ZRQS
(iii) ZPRQ

of the circle. If ZDBC = 45°, find

32. Inthe given figure, BD is a diameter

(i) ZBDC K450

(ii) ZBEC
(iii) ZBAC

parallelogram is a rectangle.
33. Prove that a cyclic

ofthe circle. Determine

figure, O is the centre
34. In the given
85o
ZAEC
(i) D

(ii) Reflex ZAOC

radius of the circle. Findthe

angle
to the and also a point on the minor arc.
a circleis equal on the major arc
35. Achord of thechordat a point
subtended by

Circles 313
 36. In the given figure, AB = AC=CD and ZADC = 38°.
Calculate

(i) ZABC
(ii) BEC

37. In the given figure, AC is a diameter of the circle. If AB = BC and ZAED =

118°, then find
(i) DEC
(ii) DAB

38. If a pair of opposite sides of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal, prove that its
diagonals are also equal.

39. In the given figure, AC is thediameter of circle, centre O.

perpendicular to AC. Write down the angles p, qand r in termsChord
of x. BD is

40. If a line is drawn parallel to the base of

an isosceles triangle to intersect its
the quadrilateral so formed is cyclic. equal sides, prove that

41. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic

CD and BA is produced to F. If ZABC= quadrilateral. AE is drawn parallelto 7so
BA

80° and ZFAE = 30°, determine

ZBCD.

42. If two non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal, prove that it is cyclic. D

43. If the bisectors of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral intersect the

circle circumscribing it al
the points P and Q, prove that PQ is a diameter of the circle.

44. In the given figure, two circles intersect at P and Q. If ZA = 88° and DA

ZD= 80°, calculate 800

(i) ZQBC
(ii) BCP

14 ICSE Mathematics for Class X

45. ABCD is a
parallelogram.
at O. Prove that Acircle
points P, Q, C, D arethrough Aand Bis so drawn that it intersects AD atr anu
46. If two sides of a
cyclic quadrilateral areconcyclic.
(i) its other two sides are parallel, prove that
equal
(ii) its diagonals are equal
47. The given figure shows a
PTS = 75°. Calculate
circle with centre O. Also PO = QR =
RS and 75o

(i) ZPOS
(ii) ZQOR
(iii) PQR
48. In the given figure, BD is a side of a regular hexagon, DC is a
side of a regular
pentagon and AD is a diameter. Calculate
(i) ZADC
(iü) ZBDA
(ii) ZABC
(iv) ZAEC
49. In acyclic quadrilateral PQRS, ZPQR =135°, Sides SP and RQ produced meet at point Awhereas
sides PQ and SR produced meet at point B.
If ZA:ZB =2: 1; find angles A and B.
which AD is parallel
50. In the following fgure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in
to BC.
E and the given circle at point F
If the bisector of angle A meets BC at point
prove that
(ii) BF = DF
(1) EF = FC

=70°.
figure, O is the centre of the circle. ZDAE
51. Inthe given
reasons, the measure of
Find giving suitable
(i) ZBCD

(ii) ZBOD
(iii) ZOBD
Provethat
throughA, Band Cintersects CD produced at E.
52. parallelogram. The circle
ABCD isa
AE = AD.

Circles 315
53. In a quadrilateral ABCD if AB =6 cm, AD = 8cm, diagonal BD = 10 cm andZBCD = 900
prove that DAC:= DBC. Also compute the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD,
CD = 53 cm.
given that
54. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the circle with centre O.
If ZADC=32°,find ZBOC.
32

55. In the given figure, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. PQ and SR S

produced meet at T.
(i) Prove that A TPS ~ A TRQ.
(ii) Find SP if TP = 18 cm, RQ =4 cm and TR = 6 cm.
(iii) Find the area of quadrilateral PQRS if area of APTS = 27 cm².
56. IfIis the incentre of triangle ABC and AI when produced meets the
circumcircle of triangle ABC in point D. If ZBAC= 66° and ZABC=
80°, calculate A

(i) DBC
(i) ZBC D

(iii) ZBIC

57. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and ZDAB = 50°, Find
the values of xandy.
0c
S0°
A
B

58. In the given figure, ACE =43° and CAF = 62°.

Find the values of a, b and c. D

A 620

59. In the given figure, M is the centre of the circle. Chords AB and CD are D

perpendicular to each other. If ZMAD =x and ZBAC =y

(i) express ZAMD in terms of x
(ii) express ZABD in terms of y
(iii) prove that x=).
 Summary

Acircle is the locus of a point which moves in a nlane in esych awav that its
distance from a fixed pOnt mue
same plane always remains cOnstant.
line segment joining twO points on a circle is called the chord of the circle.
A
Achord which passes through the centre of the circle is
called diameter.
An arcis a part of the circumference of a circle.
The part of the plane region enclosed by an arc of acircle and its two bounding radiiis called asector of the
circle.
Two or more circles are said to be concentric if they haye same centre and different radii.

Acircle passing through all the vertices of a polygon is called a circumscribed circle of the polygon and its
centre is called circumcentre.

Acircle that touches all the sides of a polygon, is called the inscribed circle of the polygon. Its centre is called
incentre.

The angle subtended by an arc of acircle at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the
remaining part of the circumference.
Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
The angle in asemicircle is a right angle.
When a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, the quadrilateral is called a cyclic quadrilateral.
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are supplementary, the quadrilateral is cyclic.
Angle of major segment is acute and angle of minor segment is obtuse.
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior opposite angle.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. If ABC = 15°, thenZAOC is equal
to
15°

(a) 60° (b) 40°o

(c) 30° (d) 15°
2. In the given figure, O is the centre of circle. If Z0AB =40°, then ZACB is equal to
(a) 40° (b) 50°
(c) 60° (d) 80°
A K40°

3, An equilateral AABC is inscribed in a circle with centre O. Then ZBOC is equal to

(a) 120° (b) 90o
(c) 60° (d) 30o

Circles 317,
 4. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. Line OB is bisector of ZAOC. The
measure ofABC is
(a) 100° (b) 90°
(c) 75° (d) 50°

5. In the given figure, O is the centre of thecircle and ZBOP = 120°, then the
measure of x will be

(a) 30° (b) 40°

120
(c) 45° (d) 60°
6. The angle in a semicircle is
(a) acute angle (b) right angle
(c) obtuse angle (d) reflex angle
7. In the given figure, if ZDAB = 60 andZABD =50° then ACB is equal to
(a) 50° (b) 60°
K60
(c) 70° (d) 80° A
50

8. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. The value of ZBCD (*°) willbe
(a) 95° (b) 100°
(c) 110o (d) 125°
110°

9 In the given figure, Ois the centre of the circle. If ZBAC = 30°,the value of ZADC
will be
(a) 45° (b) 60°
(c) 90° (d) 120°

10. In the given figure, if ZA =x+ 35°, ZB=x+ 30°, ZC=2y -5° and D= y+ 50°,
the values of xandy respectively are
(a) 50°, 50° (b) 60°, 60° y 5 0

(c) 70°, 70° (d) 50°, 60°

11. Achord of a circle divides its circular region into two parts. Each part is called
x+35° x+30
(a) Sector (b) Segment
(c) Diameter (d) Circumference

12. Greater is the size of chord, .....is its distance from the centre
(a) Same (b) Greater
(c) Smaller (d) double

13. The angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the point on circumference is the angle subtended
by it at the centre
(a) Same (b) Greater
(c) Smaller (d) double

X
318 ICSE Mathematics for Class
14. If
ABCis an equilateral
(a) 120° triangle then BOC is
(c) 60° (b) 90
(d) 30°
1E hord AB: chord
CD =7:5 then
(a) 7:5
ZAOB: COD is
(c) 2:5 (b) 5:7
(d) 5:2
Acircle that touches all
16. sides of a polygon, is called
(a) Inscribed
(b) Circumscribed
(c) concentric
(d) Equal

Revision Test Paper

1. In the given figure, ZADC=130° and BC = BE. Find CBE if AB L CE.
1300

2. In the given figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O. OD is perpendicular to

AB and C is a point on the arc AB. Find BAD and ZACD.

ZBOC and ZAOC.

In the given figure, Z0AB =30° and z0CB = 57°, find
3

300

P
30°C
ZAPX
4 XY are diameters of a circle with centre O. If
In the given figure, AB ad OAX.
APY (ii) ZBPY (iv)
DO, find (i) ZAOx (i)

Circles 319
 5. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of acircle with centre O. ZBCD = 130°. D
Find(i) DAB (ii) DBA (2012) 130

6. In the given figure, AB || CD. If ZBCD = 100° and ZBAC = 40°, calculate N40°
(i) ZCAD (ii) CBD (ii) BCA

Check Your Answers

EXERCISE-17 41, 130°
1. (i) 55° (iü) 125° (iii) 35° 44. (i) 92° (ii) 100°
2. 45° 47. (i)150° (ii) 50° (ii) 130°
3. 40° 48. (i)54° (ii) 60° (ii) 54° (iv) 126°
4. 20° 49. ZA= 60°, ZB =30°
5. BCD = 80°, ZECD = 50° 51. (i) 70° (ii) 140° (iii) 20°
7. ZCDE = 50°, ZOBE = 25° 53. (19 +5/3) cm
8. 60° 54. 116°
9. (90 - 2x)° 55. (ii) 12 cm (iii) 24 cm?
12. 50°
56. (i) 33° (ii) 40° (ii) 123°
13. 30° 57. x= 100°, y = 130°
16. 360° - 4x° 58. a = 105°, b = 13°, c = 62°
18. 50° 59. (i) 180° - 2x (ii) 90° - y
20. 70°
21. (i) 32° (ii) 64° (iii) 58° MCQs
24. (a) (i) ZBCD = 84°,ZBFE- 84° 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4.(d) 5. (a) 6.(b)
25. (ii) 7.5 cm (iii) 4/25 7.(c) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12.(c)
27. 12 cm
13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a)
28. 24 cm Revision Test Paper
29. (i) 119° (ii) 32° 1. 100o
30. ZBCD = 80°, ECD = 50° 2. ZBAD = 45°, ZACD = 45°
31. (i) 107° (ii) 43° (i) 52° 3. ZBOC= 66°, ZAOC=54°
4. (i) ZAOX = 60° (ii) ZAPY = 60
32. (i) 45° (ii) 135° (ii) 45°
(iiü) ZBPY = 30° (iv) ZOAX= 60°
34. (i) 85° (ii) 190°
5. (i) DAB = 50 (ii) DBA = 40°
35. 30°, 150°
6. (1) ZCAD = 40° (ii) ZCBD = 40°
36. (i) 76° (ii) 28° (iii) BCA = 60°
! 37. (i) 28° (ii) 73°
I 39. p=90° 90°
2

320 ICSE Mathematics for Class X