### **Economics (5 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Agriculture, State Economy, Industrial Data*

- **Agriculture:**

- Q60 (ODOP for Chhatarpur: Wooden furniture), Q69 (Pulses: MP ranked 2nd in area, 1st in
production).

- **State Economy:**

- Q72 (Oil refineries in MP: Two), Q90 (Per capita income growth: Nearly tripled).

- **Schemes:**

- Q91 (Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram: 10-19 years age group).

---

### **History (15 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Medieval Literature, Freedom Struggle, Archaeology*

- **Medieval MP:**

- Q61 (*Alhakhand* author: Jagnik), Q62 (Keshavdas: *Ratan Bavani* not his), Q63 (Matangeshwar
Temple: Khajuraho), Q97 (Bagh Caves: Fourth cave = Rang Mahal).

- **Freedom Struggle:**

- Q77 (Thakur Rammat Singh hanged: August 1858), Q99 (Charan Paduka firing: Major Gausan),
Q100 (Turiya Satyagraha: Thakur Mohkam Singh).

- **Ancient India:**

- Q66 (*Satkaryavada*: Nyaya philosophy), Q67 (Panch Mahayagya: Grihastha Ashram), Q68 (Alvar
saint: Andal), Q70 (Yajurveda Brahmana: Taittiriya/Shatapatha), Q94 (Bhimbetka discovery: 1957-
58).

- **Cultural Heritage:**

- Q65 (Folk drama "Mansukha": Western Nimar), Q96 (Uchohara bronze craft: Balaghat).

---
### **Geography (9 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Physical, Economic, and Regional Geography*

- **Physical Geography:**

- Q57 (Rivers: Betwa-Orchha, Tapti-Multai), Q78 (Southern Oscillation: Pacific & Indian Oceans),
Q80 (Longest river: Godavari), Q98 (Nilgiri Hills: Between Western & Eastern Ghats).

- **Economic Geography:**

- Q59 (Minerals: Copper-Shahdol, Diamond-Mandsaur), Q79 (Iron-ore reserves: Odisha).

- **MP-Specific:**

- Q58 (Climate: Monsoon-dependent; altitude affects Pachmarhi), Q96 (Uchohara: Balaghat

district).

---

### **Environment (4 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Conservation, Legislation, Ecology*

- **Forests & Biodiversity:**

- Q76 (Largest forest cover: Madhya Pradesh), Q88 (Ecological succession: Sere).

- **Laws & Institutes:**

- Q87 (Environment Act: 1986), Q92 (Biodiversity Amendment Act: 3rd August 2023).

---

### **Polity & Governance (9 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Constitution, Judiciary, Health Policies*

- **Constitutional Law:**

- Q56 (RTE: 86th Amendment), Q71 (Constituent Assembly: First meeting 1946; Nehru was a
member), Q73 (Basic structure doctrine: Kesavananda Bharati case), Q74 (Judge appointments:
Sapru Committee), Q75 (Right to Property: Legal Right).

- **Schemes & Missions:**

 - Q83 (Rani Durgavati initiatives: 1,2,3,4 all correct), Q95 (Sickle Cell Mission: Target 2047).

- **Disaster Management:**

- Q93 (NDRF Academy: Nagpur).

---

### **Science & Technology (2 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Biology, Energy Research*

- **Human Biology:**

- Q64 (Smallest muscle: Stapedius).

- **Institutes:**

- Q89 (Indian Institute of Petroleum: Dehradun).

---

### **Space & Tech (1 Question)**

- **Observances:**

- Q86 (National Space Day: 23rd August).

---

### **Current Affairs (11 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Awards, Sports, Tribal Affairs, Tourism*

- **Tribal Affairs:**

- Q81 (Janjatiya Gaurav Divas: Bhagwan Birsa Munda).

- **Sports:**

- Q82 (T20 World Cup 2024: Incorrect—played in West Indies/USA, not South Africa).
- **Awards & Recognition:**

- Q84 (Kishore Kumar Samman: Kailash Kher), Q85 (Tourism villages: Ghogra not recognized).

- **Health & Environment:**

- Q95 (Sickle Cell Mission).

---

### **Key Insights**

1. **MP-Centric Focus:** 50% questions on MP's history (freedom fighters, literature), geography
(rivers, minerals), and governance (schemes).

2. **Historical Depth:** Emphasis on medieval literature (*Alhakhand*, Keshavdas), tribal leaders

(Birsa Munda), and 1857 revolt (Thakur Rammat Singh).

3. **Environmental Laws:** Specific dates for Acts (Environment Act 1986, Biodiversity Act 2023).

4. **Current Events:** T20 World Cup 2024, tribal observances, and recent awards.

5. **Constitutional Clarity:** Doctrine of basic structure, RTE amendment, and right to property.

---

**Breakdown by Count:**

- **Economics:** 5

- **History:** 15

- **Geography:** 9

- **Environment:** 4

- **Polity & Governance:** 9

- **Science & Tech:** 2

- **Space & Tech:** 1

- **Current Affairs:** 11

Here's a concise, category-wise summary of the MPPSC papers with key themes:
---

### **Economics (9 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Agriculture, State Economy, Fiscal Policies*

- **Agricultural Production:**

- India's largest producer: Milk, pulses, spices (Q34)

- MP's highest-yield vegetable: Tomato (Q40)

- Pulses: MP ranked 2nd in area, 1st in production (Q69)

- **Macroeconomics:**

- Monetary policy objective: Price stability + growth (Q31)

- Trade deficit cushion: Service exports (Q32)

- **MP Economy:**

- SDG score (60, Q36), education budget (15%, Q39)

- Udyam Kranti: Collateral-free credit (Q38)

- ODOP for Chhatarpur: Wooden furniture (Q60)

---

### **History & Culture (15 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Ancient Texts, Medieval Heritage, Tribal Studies*

- **Ancient India:**

- Yagnavalkya-Gargi dialogue: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Q20)

- Yajurveda Brahmana: Taittiriya/Shatapatha (Q70)

- **Medieval MP:**

- Kailasanathar Temple: Rajsimha style (Q1)

- Matangeshwar Temple: Khajuraho (Q63)

- *Alhakhand* author: Jagnik (Q61)

- **Philosophy & Traditions:**

- *Satkaryavada* basis: Nyaya philosophy (Q66)

- Panch Mahayagya: Grihastha Ashram (Q67)

- **Bhakti Movement:**

- Female Alvar saint: Andal (Q68)

- **Folk Culture:**

- "Mansukha" folk drama: Western Nimar (Q65)

---

### **Geography (14 Questions)**

**Themes:** *MP-Specific, Resources, Climate*

- **Physical Geography:**

- MP climate: Monsoon rainfall, altitude impact (Q58)

- Black soil: Poor in nitrogen/organic matter (Q26)

- **Economic Geography:**

- Minerals: Manganese (Chhindwara/Jhabua, Q24), Copper (Shahdol), Diamond (Mandsaur, Q59)

- Cement industries: Damoh-Narsinghgarh, Satna-Maihar (Q51)

- Mahan Aluminium: French tech; ❌80% export (Q52)

- **Human Geography:**

- Dominant tribe in Patalkot: Bharia (Q54)

- Rivers: Betwa-Orchha, Tapti-Multai (Q57)

---

### **Environment (2 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Conservation, Research*

- **Forests:**

- MP districts with <10% forest cover: Bhind/Morena (Q11)

- **Institutions:**

- National Centre for Earth Science Studies: Kerala (Q37)

---

### **Polity & Governance (17 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Constitution, Schemes, Tribal Welfare*

- **Constitutional Law:**

- Article 338: NC for SCs (Q12), Article 342: ST notification (Q23)

- RTE: 86th Amendment (Q56), ST reservation: Article 332 (Q45)

- **Schemes:**

- Mukhyamantri Ladi Behna: Women's health/nutrition (Q13)

- Ahar Anudan: Special Backward Tribes (Q29)

- **MP Institutions:**

- Tribal awards: Shankar Shah for academic merit (Q28)

- 31 Integrated Tribal Projects (Q30)

- **Executive:**

- Governor during 1977 President's Rule: B.D. Sharma (Q14)

---

### **Science & Technology (10 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Computing, Biology, Cybersecurity*

- **Computing:**

- Adobe Photoshop: Graphics software (Q2)

 - FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array (AI deployment, Q46)

- MS-DOS: Command-based interface (Q50)

- **Cybersecurity:**

- Trojan malware (Q22), Data security: Confidentiality (Q10)

- **Biology:**

- Smallest muscle: Stapedius (ear, Q64)

- **E-Governance:**

- NeGP compendium: *Saaransh* (Q41)

---

### **Space & Tech (1 Question)**

- **Energy:**

- Largest atomic plant: Kudankulam (2024, Q19)

---

### **Current Affairs (5 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Sports, Awards, Disasters*

- **Sports:**

- Asian Games 2023: Annu Rani (javelin, not 100m sprint, Q8)

- P.R. Sreejesh: ❌Dronacharya Award (Q55)

- **National Events:**

- Padma Vibhushan 2024: M. Venkaiah Naidu ❌ (Q44)

- **Disasters:**

- Cyclone Dana (TN, Nov-Dec 2024, Q18)

---

### **Key Insights**

1. **MP-Centric Focus:** 70% questions on MP's geography, economy, tribes, and governance.

2. **Constitutional Emphasis:** Articles 332, 338, 342, and 86th Amendment.

3. **Agriculture Dominance:** Pulses, vegetables, and ODOP initiatives.

4. **Current Affairs Recency:** Cyclones (2024), Padma Awards (2024), Asian Games (2023).

5. **Tech & Tribal Welfare:** FPGA for AI, cybersecurity, and tribal development schemes.

---

**Breakdown by Count:**

- **Economics:** 9

- **History & Culture:** 15

- **Geography:** 14

- **Environment:** 2

- **Polity & Governance:** 17

- **Science & Tech:** 10

- **Space & Tech:** 1

- **Current Affairs:** 5

### **Economics (9 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Macroeconomic Policies, Agriculture, State Economy*

- **Monetary & Trade Policies:**

- Q31 (Primary objective: Price stability + growth), Q32 (Trade deficit cushion: Service exports).

- **Agriculture & Production:**

- Q34 (India’s top producer: Milk, pulses, spices), Q40 (MP’s highest-yield vegetable: Tomato), Q69
(Pulses: MP ranked 2nd in area, 1st in production).

- **State Economy & Schemes:**

 - Q33 (Highest capital intensity: Gujarat), Q36 (MP SDG score: 60), Q38 (*Udyam Kranti*: Collateral-
free credit), Q39 (MP education budget: 15%), Q60 (ODOP for Chhatarpur: Wooden furniture).

---

### **History & Culture (15 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Ancient Texts, Medieval Literature, Religious Movements*

- **Ancient India:**

- Q1 (Kailasanathar Temple: Rajsimha style), Q20 (Yagnavalkya-Gargi: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad),

Q70 (Yajurveda Brahmana: Taittiriya/Shatapatha).

- **Medieval Literature:**

- Q61 (*Alhakhand*: Jagnik), Q62 (Keshavdas’ works: *Ratan Bavani* not his), Q47 (Tribal books:
Russell-Hiralal → *Tribes/Castes of CP*).

- **Philosophy & Traditions:**

- Q66 (*Satkaryavada*: Nyaya philosophy), Q67 (Panch Mahayagya: Grihastha Ashram).

- **Bhakti Movement:**

- Q68 (Alvar saints: Andal, the only female).

- **MP Heritage:**

- Q63 (Matangeshwar Temple: Khajuraho), Q65 (Folk drama "Mansukha": Western Nimar).

---

### **Geography (14 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Physical, Economic, and Human Geography of MP*

- **Physical Geography:**

- Q58 (MP climate: Monsoon-dependent rainfall; altitude affects Pachmarhi temp), Q26 (Black soil:
Poor in nitrogen/organic matter ❌).

- **Economic Geography:**
 - Q24 (Manganese: Deposits in Chhindwara/Jhabua; rank 2nd in deposits, 1st in production), Q51
(Cement: Damoh–Narsinghgarh, Satna–Maihar), Q52 (Mahan Aluminium: French tech; ❌ *80%
export*), Q59 (Minerals: Copper–Shahdol, Diamond–Mandsaur).

- **Human Geography:**

- Q17 (Highest decadal growth: Meghalaya), Q35 (MP’s Singrauli highest growth), Q54 (Patalkot
dominant tribe: Bharia), Q57 (Rivers: Betwa–Orchha, Tapti–Multai).

---

### **Environment (3 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Conservation, Sustainable Development*

- **Forests & Reports:**

- Q11 (ISFR 2021: Bhind/Morena forest cover <10%).

- **Institutions & Goals:**

- Q37 (NCESS: Kerala), Q36 (MP SDG Index 2020: Score 60).

---

### **Polity & Governance (15 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Constitutional Provisions, Schemes, Institutions*

- **Constitution & Amendments:**

- Q12 (Article 338: NC for SCs), Q23 (Article 342: ST notification), Q45 (Article 332: ST reservation),
Q56 (RTE: 86th Amendment).

- **State Governance:**

- Q13 (*Mukhyamantri Ladi Behna*: Women’s health/nutrition), Q28 (Shankar Shah Award: Merit
in 10th/12th), Q29 (*Ahar Anudan*: For *Special Backward Tribes*), Q30 (31 Tribal Development
Projects).

- **Institutions & Policies:**

- Q14 (Governor during 1977 President’s Rule: B.D. Sharma), Q15 (Shortest tenure: Pattabhi
Sitaramayya), Q25 (President’s impeachment: Violation of Constitution), Q53 (PVTGs: Asur ❌ in MP).
- **E-Governance:**

- Q41 (NeGP compendium: *Saaransh*), Q43 (Gartner’s model: Info → Interaction → Transaction
→ Transformation).

---

### **Science & Technology (10 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Computing, AI, Human Biology*

- **Computing & Cybersecurity:**

- Q2 (Adobe Photoshop: Graphics software), Q10 (Data security: Confidentiality), Q21 (Robotics
standards: AICRA), Q22 (Trojan malware), Q46 (FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array), Q48
(Network resilience), Q50 (MS-DOS: Command-based).

- **Human Biology:**

- Q64 (Smallest muscle: Stapedius in ear).

---

### **Space & Tech (1 Question)**

- **Nuclear Energy:**

- Q19 (Largest atomic plant: Kudankulam, 2024).

---

### **Current Affairs (10 Questions)**

**Themes:** *Sports, Awards, Disasters, Global Events*

- **Sports & Awards:**

- Q8 (Asian Games: Annu Rani – Javelin, not 100m ❌), Q44 (Padma Vibhushan 2024: M. Venkaiah
Naidu ❌), Q55 (P.R. Sreejesh: Dronacharya Award ❌).

- **Disasters & Energy:**

 - Q18 (Cyclone Dana in TN, 2024), Q16 (Solar capacity leader: Rajasthan).

- **International Relations:**

- Q9 (Incorrect exercise: *Yudh Abhyas* with US, not Thailand ❌).

- **Miscellaneous:**

- Q42 (Facebook founder: Mark Zuckerberg).

---

### **Key Insights**

1. **MP-Centric Focus:** 60% questions on MP’s geography (minerals, rivers, climate), polity
(schemes, tribes), and history (heritage, literature).

2. **Constitutional Emphasis:** Articles 332, 338, 342, and 86th Amendment (RTE) are tested.

3. **Agriculture Dominance:** Multiple questions on crops (pulses, vegetables) and production

rankings.

4. **Current Affairs Recency:** Cyclones (2024), Padma Awards (2024), and Asian Games (2023).

5. **Tech & Governance:** E-governance models, cybersecurity, and digital initiatives.

---

**Breakdown by Count:**

- **Economics:** 9

- **History & Culture:** 15

- **Geography:** 14

- **Environment:** 3

- **Polity & Governance:** 15

- **Science & Tech:** 10

- **Space & Tech:** 1

- **Current Affairs:** 10

Here's a categorized and thematic summary of the MPPSC paper (Questions 51-70):
---

### **Geography (10 Questions)**

1. **Economic Geography (MP-Specific):**

- Q51 (Cement industries: Damoh–Narsinghgarh, Bhind–Malanpur, Satna–Maihar, Morena–

Bammore).

- Q52 (Mahan Aluminium: Correct statements – Location near Bargawan, production since 2013,
French tech; ❌ *80% export*).

- Q59 (Mineral areas: Copper–Shahdol, Diamond–Mandsaur, Slate–Hinota, Bauxite–Baihar).

2. **Physical Geography:**

- Q57 (River-towns: Betwa–Orchha, Tapti–Multai, Kshipra–Ujjain, Wainganga–Balaghat).

- Q58 (MP climate: Monsoon-dependent rainfall, altitude affects Pachmarhi temp; ❌ *Wind speed
faster in winter*).

3. **Tribal Geography:**

- Q54 (Patalkot dominant tribe: **Bharia**), Q53 (PVTGs: **Asur** *not* in MP).

---

### **Polity & Governance (2 Questions)**

1. **Constitutional Amendments:**

- Q56 (Right to Education: **86th Amendment**).

2. **State Initiatives:**

- Q60 ("One District One Product" for Chhatarpur: **Wooden furniture**).

---

### **Economics (1 Question)**

- **Agriculture & Production:**

 - Q69 (Pulses: **MP ranked 2nd in area, 1st in production**).

---

### **History & Culture (8 Questions)**

1. **Medieval Literature:**

- Q61 (*Alhakhand* author: **Jagnik**), Q62 (Keshavdas: *Ratan Bavani* **not** by him).

2. **Temples & Heritage:**

- Q63 (Matangeshwar Temple: **Khajuraho**).

3. **Philosophy & Traditions:**

- Q66 (*Satharyawada* basis: **Nyaya philosophy**), Q67 (Panch Mahayagya: **Grihastha

Ashram**).

4. **Religious Movements:**

- Q68 (Alvar saints: Female saint – **Andal**).

5. **Vedic Texts:**

- Q70 (Brahmin text for Yajurveda: **Taittiriya and Shatapatha**).

---

### **Science & Technology (2 Questions)**

1. **Human Anatomy:**

- Q64 (Smallest muscle: **Stapedius** in ear).

2. **Folk Culture:**

- Q65 (Folk drama "Mansukha": **Western Nimar**, MP).

---

### **Current Affairs (1 Question)**

- **Sports Awards:**

- Q55 (P.R. Sreejesh: **Dronacharya Award** *not* received; hockey goalkeeper).

---

### **Environment (0 Questions)**

*No explicit environment questions in this section.*

---

### **Key Themes**

1. **MP-Centric Focus:**

- Industries (cement, aluminium), minerals, rivers, tribes (Baiga, Bharia), and climate dominate.

2. **Cultural Heritage:**

- Medieval literature, temple locations (Khajuraho), folk traditions, and Vedic philosophy.

3. **Factual Accuracy:**

- Emphasis on "correct/incorrect" matches (Q53, Q55, Q58, Q62).

4. **Minimal Current Affairs:**

- Limited to sports awards (Q55).

---

**Breakdown by Count:**

- **Geography:** 10

- **Polity & Governance:** 2

- **Economics:** 1

- **History & Culture:** 8

- **Science & Tech:** 2

- **Current Affairs:** 1

- **Environment:** 0

Here's a categorized and thematic summary of the MPPSC paper:

---

### **History & Culture (7 Questions)**

1. **Ancient India:**

- Q1 (Kailasanathar Temple: Rajsimha style), Q20 (Yagnavalkya-Gargi dialogue: Brihadaranyaka

Upanishad).

2. **Modern India:**

- Q4 (Muslim League 'Direct Action': 16 Aug 1946), Q5 (Dandi March: 6 Apr 1930).

3. **Books & Authors:**

- Q47 (Tribal books: Russell-Hiralal → *Tribes/Castes of CP*; Elwin → *The Baiga*), Q49
(Rajasekhara: *Kavyaminamsa*, *Karpuramanjari* – not *Prabandhachintamani*).

---

### **Geography (6 Questions)**

1. **Physical Geography:**

- Q26 (Black soil in MP: Poor in nitrogen/organic matter ❌).

2. **Economic Geography:**

- Q24 (Manganese in MP: Deposits in Chhindwara/Jhabua; rank 2nd in deposits, 1st in production).

3. **Climate & Environment:**

- Q11 (MP forest cover <10%: Bhind, Morena), Q18 (Cyclone in TN 2024: Dana).

4. **Resources:**

- Q19 (Largest nuclear plant: Kudankulam, 2024).

---

### **Polity & Governance (14 Questions)**

1. **Constitutional Provisions:**

- Q12 (Article 338: NC for SCs), Q23 (Article 342: ST notification), Q45 (Article 332: ST reservation in
assemblies).

2. **Institutions & Policies:**

- Q6 (Special status parameter: SC/ST population not a factor ❌), Q13 (*Mukhyamantri Ladi
Behna*: Economic self-reliance), Q29 (*Ahar Anudan*: For *Special Backward Tribes*).

3. **MP-Specific:**

- Q14 (Governor during 1977 President’s Rule: B.D. Sharma), Q15 (Shortest tenure: Pattabhi
Sitaramayya), Q28 (Shankar Shah Award: Merit in 10th/12th exams), Q30 (31 Tribal Development
Projects).

4. **Committees & Appointments:**

- Q7 (Incorrect: PAC chair ≠ K.C. Venugopal), Q25 (President’s impeachment: Violation of

Constitution).

---

### **Economics (8 Questions)**

1. **Macroeconomics:**

- Q31 (Monetary policy: Price stability + growth), Q32 (Trade deficit cushion: Service exports).

2. **Agriculture & Industry:**

- Q34 (India’s top producer: Milk, pulses, spices), Q40 (MP’s highest-yield vegetable: Tomato).

3. **State Economy:**

- Q33 (Highest capital intensity: Gujarat), Q36 (MP SDG score 2020: 60), Q39 (Education budget:
15%).

4. **Schemes:**

- Q38 (*Udyam Kranti*: Collateral-free credit).

---

### **Science & Technology (10 Questions)**

1. **Computing & IT:**

- Q2 (Adobe Photoshop: Graphics software), Q21 (Robotics standards: AICRA), Q22 (Malware:
Trojan), Q41 (NeGP compendium: *Saaransh*), Q43 (E-gov stages: Info → Interaction → Transaction
→ Transformation), Q46 (FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array), Q48 (Network resilience), Q50
(MS-DOS: Command-based interface).

2. **Electronics & AI:**

- Q46 (FPGA for AI deployment).

---

### **Environment (2 Questions)**

1. **Reports & Data:**

- Q11 (ISFR 2021: Low forest cover in Bhind/Morena).

2. **Institutions:**

- Q37 (NCESS: Kerala).

---

### **Current Affairs (9 Questions)**

1. **National Events:**

- Q8 (Asian Games: Annu Rani – Javelin, not 100m sprint ❌), Q9 (Incorrect exercise: *Yudh Abhyas*
with US, not Thailand ❌), Q44 (Padma Vibhushan 2024: M. Venkaiah Naidu not awarded).

2. **International:**

- Q16 (Solar capacity leader: Rajasthan), Q18 (Cyclone Dana in TN).

3. **MP Schemes:**

- Q13 (*Ladi Behna*), Q28-30 (Tribal awards/schemes).

4. **Miscellaneous:**

- Q42 (Facebook founder: Zuckerberg).

---

### **Key Themes**

- **MP-Centric:** 40% questions on state polity (Q13-15,28-30), economy (Q24,26,36,39-40), and

tribal affairs (Q27-30,47).

- **Constitutional Focus:** Multiple questions on Articles 332, 338, 342.

- **Tech & Governance:** E-governance models (Q43), cybersecurity (Q10,22), and digital initiatives
(Q41).

- **Tricky Areas:** "Incorrect pair" questions (Q6-9,26,40,44) and factual accuracy (Q24, manganese
ranks).

---

**Breakdown by Count:**

- **History & Culture:** 7

- **Geography:** 6

- **Polity & Governance:** 14

- **Economics:** 8

- **Science & Tech:** 10

- **Environment:** 2

- **Current Affairs:** 9

Here's a detailed explanation of **Current Affairs questions** from MPPSC 2025 (Set A), along with
relevant RAS 2024 and UKPSC 2025 trends. Questions cover events from 2023-2025, with focus on
awards, sports, government schemes, and international events.

---
### **MPPSC 2025 Current Affairs Questions (Set A):**

#### **Q7. Parliamentary Committees (18th Lok Sabha, 2024–25)**

**Answer: (A) Public Accounts Committee – K.C. Venugopal**

- **Explanation**:

- Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is **always chaired by an Opposition MP**. In 2024, **Sudip
Bandyopadhyay (TMC)** was appointed, not K.C. Venugopal (INC).

- Other pairs are correct:

- Estimates Committee: Baijayant Panda (BJP)

- SC/ST Welfare Committee: Faggan Singh Kulaste (BJP)

- OBC Welfare Committee: Ganesh Singh (BJP)

- **Why current?** Reflects post-2024 general election appointments.

---

#### **Q8. 2023 Asian Games Gold Medalists**

**Answer: (D) Annu Rani – 100m Sprint (Women)**

- **Explanation**:

- Annu Rani won gold in **Javelin Throw**, not 100m Sprint (no Indian woman won sprint gold).

- Correct pairs:

- Tajinderpal Singh Toor: Shot Put (Gold)

- Avinash Sable: 3000m Steeplechase (Gold)

- Parul Chaudhary: 5000m (Silver, not Gold – *Note: She won gold in 3000m Steeplechase*)

- **Current relevance**: Asian Games (Oct 2023) are a key sports event.

---

#### **Q9. India's Joint Military Exercises**

**Answer: (D) Thailand – Yudh Abhyas**

- **Explanation**:

- **Yudh Abhyas** is an India-**US** exercise, not with Thailand.

- Correct pairs:

- Russia: Indra

- Kyrgyzstan: Khanjar

- Seychelles: Lamitiye

- India-Thailand exercise: **MAITREE**.

- **Strategic context**: Military diplomacy updates (2023–24).

---

#### **Q44. Padma Vibhushan 2024 Awardees**

**Answer: (D) Shri A.R. Rahman**

- **Explanation**:

- A.R. Rahman received Padma Vibhushan in **2010**, not 2024.

- **2024 Recipients**:

- Vyjayantimala Bali (Classical Dance)

- Konidela Chiranjeevi (Cinema)

- M. Venkaiah Naidu (Public Affairs)

- **Award context**: Padma Awards announced on Republic Day (Jan 26, 2024).

---

#### **Q82. T20 World Cup 2024 Final**

**Answer: (A) It was played in South Africa**

- **Explanation**:
 - Final was held in **Barbados (West Indies)**, not South Africa.

- Other statements are correct:

- Player of Match: Virat Kohli

- Player of Tournament: Jasprit Bumrah

- India won by 7 runs vs South Africa (June 29, 2024).

- **Sports significance**: India's first ICC title since 2013.

---

#### **Q83. Rani Durgavati 500th Anniversary Initiatives (MP)**

**Answer: (B) 1 and 2**

- **Explanation**:

- **Correct**:

1. **Rani Durgavati Anna Protsahan Yojana** (food security for tribal women).

2. **Memorial and Garden in Jabalpur**.

- **Incorrect**:

3. Tribal Women Welfare Board – Not launched for this anniversary.

4. Public holiday – Not declared (only commemorative events).

- **State relevance**: MP government's tribal welfare focus (2023–24).

---

#### **Q84. Kishore Kumar Samman 2023 (MP)**

**Answer: (B) Shankar Mahadevan**

- **Explanation**:

- Awarded for contributions to music (Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy trio).

- Other contenders:
 - Kailash Kher (2022 recipient)

- Vishal Bhardwaj (Film direction, not music).

- **Cultural context**: MP's highest art award, given annually.

---

#### **Q86. National Space Day**

**Answer: (C) 23rd August**

- **Explanation**:

- Commemorates **Chandrayaan-3's lunar landing** (Aug 23, 2023).

- Instituted in 2024 by ISRO.

- **Misconception**: World Space Week is Oct 4–10 (UN initiative).

---

#### **Q95. National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission**

**Answer: (D) 2047**

- **Explanation**:

- Aims to eliminate disease by India's **100th independence anniversary (2047)**.

- Launched in July 2023; focuses on tribal areas (MP, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra).

- **Health policy**: Part of National Health Mission.

---

### **RAS 2024 Current Affairs Highlights:**

1. **Rajasthan Specific**:

- **"Chiranjeevi Health Insurance Scheme"** expansion (cover raised to ₹25 lakh).

 - **New UNESCO Sites**: Keoladeo National Park added tentative list (2024).

2. **National/International**:

- **India's G20 Presidency**: Outcomes like Green Hydrogen Alliance.

- **New Parliament Inauguration** (May 2023).

3. **Awards**:

- **Rajasthan Ratna 2023**: Bhawani Singh Rathore (folk music).

---

### **UKPSC 2025 Current Affairs Focus Areas:**

1. **Uttarakhand Initiatives**:

- **Mukhyamantri Vatsalya Yojana**: Healthcare for children.

- **Char Dham Road Project**: Environmental controversies (2023–24).

2. **Environment**:

- **Winterline Festival** (Mussoorie) recognized by UNWTO (2024).

- **Joshimath land subsidence** rehabilitation measures.

3. **National Integration**:

- **Uniform Civil Code** (Uttarakhand first to pass, Feb 2024).

---

### **Key Topics Across Exams:**

| **Theme** | **MPPSC 2025** | **RAS 2024** | **UKPSC 2025** |

|--------------------------|----------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|

| **Sports** | Asian Games, T20 WC | Chess Olympiad | Winter Olympics |

| **Awards** | Padma, State honours | Rajasthan Ratna | Uttarakhand Gaurav |

| **Govt Schemes** | Ladij Behna Yojana | Chiranjeevi Health | Vatsalya Yojana |

| **Environment** | Cyclones, ISFR 2021 | Keoladeo Park | Joshimath crisis |

| **Tribal Development** | PVTGs, Rani Durgavati| Tribal land rights | Van Panchayats |

---

### **Preparation Strategy:**

1. **Source Priority**:

- **National**: PIB, The Hindu, Yojana.

- **State Specific**: MP's *Krishi Jaagran*, Rajasthan's *Raj Bhasha Patrika*, Uttarakhand's
*Uttara Info*.

2. **Focus Areas for 2025**:

- **MPPSC**: Tribal welfare schemes, ISFR 2023 updates, new nuclear projects.

- **RAS**: Rajasthan budget 2024, heritage conservation.

- **UKPSC**: UCC implementation, disaster management.

**Note**: For RAS/UKPSC questions, analyze previous years' papers (2024) for repeated themes like
water conservation, cultural festivals, and infrastructure projects.

Here's a detailed explanation of **Polity and Governance questions** from the MPPSC Prelims 2025
(Set A) paper, covering constitutional provisions, governance structures, and key concepts:

---

### **Polity & Governance Questions (with Explanations):**

#### **Q3. States Reorganisation Act, 1956**

**Answer: (D) 14 States and 6 Union Territories**

- **Explanation**: The States Reorganisation Act (1956) redrew India's state boundaries on linguistic
lines. It created **14 states** (e.g., Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka) and **6 Union Territories**
(e.g., Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar). This act abolished the earlier Part A/B/C/D state classification.

#### **Q6. Parameter for Special Status to States**

**Answer: (C) Sizeable SC and ST population**

- **Explanation**: Special status (e.g., under Article 371) is granted based on:

- Hilly/difficult terrain (A),

- Low population density (B),

- Strategic location (D).

SC/ST population (C) is **not** a criterion. Special status aims at geographic/strategic needs, not
demographic composition.

#### **Q7. Incorrect Pair: Parliamentary Committees (2024–25)**

**Answer: (A) Public Accounts Committee – K.C. Venugopal**

- **Explanation**: The **Public Accounts Committee (PAC)** is **always headed by an Opposition

MP**. In the 18th Lok Sabha (2024–25), PAC Chairperson is **Shri Sudip Bandyopadhyay** (TMC),
not K.C. Venugopal (INC). Other pairs are correct as per current appointments.

#### **Q12. Article 338 Mandate**

**Answer: (D) National Commission for Scheduled Castes**

- **Explanation**: **Article 338** establishes the **National Commission for Scheduled Castes
(NCSC)**, a constitutional body to safeguard SC rights. The NCST (Scheduled Tribes) is under Article
338A, while other commissions (Women, Minorities) are statutory.

#### **Q15. Shortest-Tenure Governor of MP**

**Answer: (C) Kyasamballi Chengalaraya Reddy**

- **Explanation**: Reddy served only **3 days** (28 May – 31 May 1966) as acting Governor.
Others had longer tenures:

- Pattabhi Sitaramayya (1956–57: ~1 year),

 - Hari Vinayak Pataskar (1963–66: ~3 years),

- Satya Narayan Sinha (1971–77: ~6 years).

#### **Q23. Reservation Notification for STs**

**Answer: (C) Article 342**

- **Explanation**: **Article 342** empowers the **President** to specify Scheduled Tribes for a
state via public notification. Article 340 deals with backward classes commissions, Article 338 with
NCSC, and Article 349 with language safeguards.

#### **Q45. Reservation in State Assemblies**

**Answer: (B) Article 332**

- **Explanation**: **Article 332** mandates reservation of seats for SCs/STs in **State Legislative
Assemblies**. Article 243D covers Panchayats/Municipalities, Article 334 addresses reservation
duration, and Article 339 governs ST welfare administration.

#### **Q56. Right to Education (RTE)**

**Answer: (C) 86th Amendment (2002)**

- **Explanation**: The **86th Amendment** inserted:

- **Article 21A**: Free education for children aged 6–14 years (Fundamental Right).

- **Article 45**: Directive Principles for early childhood care.

- **Article 51A(k)**: Duty of parents to educate children.

#### **Q71. Constituent Assembly Statements**

**Answer: (C) Statement I true; Statement II false**

- **Explanation**:

- **Statement I**: Correct. First CA meeting: 9 Dec 1946 (New Delhi).

- **Statement II**: False. Nehru was a key member (Chairman of Union Powers Committee) and
moved the "Objectives Resolution".
#### **Q73. Basic Structure Doctrine**

**Answer: (D) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)**

- **Explanation**: The Supreme Court ruled that Parliament **cannot amend the Constitution's
"basic structure"** (e.g., supremacy, secularism, judicial review). This landmark case limited
unlimited amendment power under Article 368.

#### **Q74. Appointment of Judges**

**Answer: (C) Varadachari Committee (1945)**

- **Explanation**: The **S. Varadachari Committee (1945)** recommended the collegium system
for judicial appointments. Its principles were incorporated into **Articles 124** (Supreme Court)
and **217** (High Courts) of the Constitution.

#### **Q75. Right to Property**

**Answer: (D) Legal Right**

- **Explanation**: Originally a Fundamental Right (Article 31), the **44th Amendment (1978)**
downgraded it to a **Constitutional/Legal Right** under **Article 300A**. It is no longer
enforceable under Article 32 (writ jurisdiction).

---

### **Key Takeaways for MPPSC Aspirants**:

1. **Constitutional Articles**: Focus on Articles 332 (reservation), 342 (ST notification), 21A (RTE),
and 300A (property).

2. **Governance Bodies**: Understand mandates of NCSC (Article 338), PAC (opposition-led), and
collegium system.

3. **Historical Acts**: States Reorganisation Act (1956) and 86th/44th Amendments are high-yield
topics.

4. **Current Affairs**: Track recent committee appointments (e.g., 18th Lok Sabha PAC
chairperson).

For further clarity, cross-reference with the **Indian Constitution** and **MPPSC-specific study
material** on state governance.
Here's a detailed breakdown of **Polity and Governance questions** from the **UKPSC Prelims
2025 General Studies paper**, with explanations and answers based on the exam paper and official
sources:

---

### **I. Constitutional Framework & Union Governance**

#### **Q.31: Election of Vice-President (Article 66)**

**Answer: (a) All members of both Houses of Parliament**

- **Explanation**:

- Article 66 mandates that the Vice-President is elected by an **electoral college of MPs** (Lok
Sabha + Rajya Sabha).

- State legislatures have no role.

#### **Q.33: 101st Constitutional Amendment Act**

**Answer: (d) Nationwide Goods and Services Tax (GST)**

- **Explanation**:

- Introduced GST in 2017, subsuming 17 indirect taxes.

- Created the GST Council (Article 279-A).

#### **Q.35: Rights NOT under Article 19(1)**

**Answer: (a) Only 1**

- **Explanation**:

- **Right of equal opportunities (1)** falls under **Article 16** (equality in public employment),
not Article 19.

- Other options (assembly, profession, speech) are explicitly in Article 19.

#### **Q.36: Fundamental Duties**

**Answer: (d) Swaran Singh Committee**

- **Explanation**:

- Added via the **42nd Amendment (1976)** based on this committee's recommendations.

---

### **II. State Polity (Uttarakhand-Specific)**

#### **Q.14: State Council for Climate Change (SCCC)**

**Answer: (a) Only statement 1 is correct**

- **Explanation**:

- **Statement 1**: SCCC was established in **2011** (correct).

- **Statement 2**: UAPCC was prepared by the **Forest Department**, not Revenue (incorrect).

#### **Q.20: Climate Change Vulnerability**

**Answer: (c) Statements 1 and 2 both are correct**

- **Explanation**:

- Uttarakhand is highly vulnerable to climate change (Statement 1).

- Climate change causes water stress and biodiversity loss (Statement 2).

#### **Q.46: Uttarakhand Human Rights Commission**

**Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2 are correct**

- **Explanation**:

- Established on **May 13, 2013** (Statement 1).

- Objectives include transparency in governance (Statement 2).

#### **Q.65: Char Dham Road Allocation (2025-26 Budget)**

**Answer: (d) ₹25 Crores**

- **Explanation**:
 - Announced in Uttarakhand's 2025-26 budget for road network improvement.

---

### **III. Central Ministries & Policies**

#### **Q.28: Protection of Civil Rights Rules, 1977**

**Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 3**

- **Ministries Involved**:

1. Home Affairs (enforcement).

2. Social Justice & Empowerment (nodal ministry).

3. Minority Affairs (minority-focused implementation).

#### **Q.32: International Conventions (India NOT a party)**

**Answer: (d) International Whaling Commission (IWC)**

- **Explanation**:

- India is a party to **CITES**, **World Heritage Convention**, and **ILO's Occupational Safety
Convention**.

- IWC membership is not equivalent to being a "party" under international law.

#### **Q.40: Disarmament Policy (Incorrect Statement)**

**Answer: (b) India does not support negotiations on FMCT**

- **Fact**: India actively supports FMCT (Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty) negotiations.

---

### **IV. Governance & Current Schemes**

#### **Q.30: Panchamrit Targets**

**Answer: (c) Climate change**

- **Context**: Announced by PM Modi at **COP26 (Glasgow, 2021)** for net-zero emissions by
2070.

#### **Q.44: Mobile e-Courts in Uttarakhand**

**Answer: (c) 1 and 2 both**

- **Explanation**:

- Mobile vans with court facilities visit villages (Statement 1).

- Aim: Deliver justice in remote areas (Statement 2).

#### **Q.93: Vibrant Villages Programme-II**

**Answer: (b) Border villages development**

- **Approved** by Union Cabinet in April 2025 for infrastructure in border areas.

---

### **V. Local Governance & Institutions**

#### **Q.45: Official Invited to Parliament**

**Answer: (b) Attorney General**

- **Constitutional Basis**: **Article 88** grants the AG the right to speak in Parliament.

#### **Q.47: Speaker/Protem Speaker of Uttarakhand**

**Answer: (a) Harbans Kapoor**

- Served as Speaker (2002–2007) and Protem Speaker multiple times.

#### **Q.51: Scheduled Tribes Declaration**

**Answer: (a) 1967**

- **The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1967** declared Jaunsari, Tharu, etc., as STs.
---

### **VI. Recent Developments (2025)**

#### **Q.95: ISRO's Re-entered Module**

**Answer: (b) POEM-4**

- **POEM-4** re-entered Earth’s atmosphere on April 4, 2025.

#### **Q.96: RRB Merger**

**Answer: (c) 26**

- Merged under **"One State, One RRB"** initiative (March 2025).

---

### **Key Takeaways for UKPSC Aspirants**:

1. **State Focus**: 40% weightage to Uttarakhand's institutions, schemes, and environmental

policies.

2. **Constitutional Mechanics**: Master Articles 32, 66, 19, and amendment procedures.

3. **Current Schemes**: Char Dham Road, Vibrant Villages, and climate initiatives are recurring
themes.

4. **Distractors**: Options often mix state vs. national roles (e.g., Q14’s Revenue vs. Forest Dept).

**Recommended Sources**:

- **Uttarakhand Budget 2025-26** (for scheme allocations).

- **Annual Report 2024-25**, Uttarakhand Human Rights Commission.

- *Indian Polity* by M. Laxmikanth (Chapters on Fundamental Rights, State Governance).

For the complete question paper and official key, visit the [UKPSC Website](https://psc.uk.gov.in/).

Here's a detailed explanation of recurring **Polity and Governance** themes and question patterns
in the MPPSC (Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission) exam, based on past trends and syllabus
focus. While specific 2025 questions aren't available yet, these concepts dominate every MPPSC
prelims and mains.

---

### **I. Core Constitutional Concepts**

#### **1. Fundamental Rights (FRs) vs. Directive Principles (DPSPs)**

- **Q.** *"Which Directive Principle was added by the 42nd Amendment to promote
environmental protection?"*

- **Answer:** Article 48-A (Protection of environment and wildlife).

- **Why asked?** Tests knowledge of constitutional amendments and DPSP-FR conflicts (e.g.,
*Minerva Mills case*).

#### **2. Federal Features & Special Provisions**

- **Q.** *"Article 371-J grants special status to which region of Madhya Pradesh?"*

- **Answer:** **No special status** – MP has no region under Article 371. (Hyderabad-Karnataka
region is in Karnataka).

- **Key Tip:** Focus on state-specific provisions (e.g., Fifth/Sixth Schedule areas in MP like
Scheduled Areas of Vindhya).

---

### **II. State Governance (MP-Specific)**

#### **1. Panchayati Raj in MP**

- **Q.** *"Which committee recommended the three-tier Panchayati Raj system in MP?"*

- **Answer:** **Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)** – Led to PRI adoption in MP.

- **Key Bodies:**

- **State Election Commission:** Conducts PRI elections.

- **State Finance Commission:** Recommends funds for PRIs.

#### **2. Governor's Role**

- **Q.** *"Can the Governor of MP reserve a bill for the President's consideration without
ministerial advice?"*

- **Answer:** **Yes** – Discretionary power under Article 200 (e.g., bills undermining federal
structure).

---

### **III. Current Governance Initiatives (MP)**

#### **1. Recent Schemes (2023-25)**

- **Mukhyamantri Ladli Behna Yojana:**

- **Q.** *"What is the primary objective of Ladli Behna Yojana?"*

- **Answer:** Financial empowerment of women (₹1,250/month to women aged 23-60).

- **CM Rise Schools:**

- **Q.** *"Which governance model is used in CM Rise Schools?"*

- **Answer:** PPP (Public-Private Partnership) for infrastructure upgradation.

#### **2. Digital Governance**

- **MP Online Portal:**

- **Q.** *"How many services are integrated into MP's 'e-District' portal?"*

- **Answer:** **1,100+ services** (as of 2024).

---

### **IV. National Polity (High-Weightage Topics)**

#### **1. Parliament & State Legislature**

- **Q.** *"Under which article can MP's Legislative Council be abolished?"*

 - **Answer:** **Article 169** – Requires Parliament's approval.

- **Key Terms:** Money Bill (Article 110), No-Confidence Motion.

#### **2. Judiciary**

- **Q.** *"Who appoints the Lokayukta of Madhya Pradesh?"*

- **Answer:** **Governor** (based on recommendations by Chief Minister, Leader of

Opposition, and Chief Justice of MP High Court).

#### **3. Constitutional Bodies**

- **National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST):**

- **Q.** *"Which article mandates the NCST to investigate tribal welfare issues?"*

- **Answer:** **Article 338-A**.

---

### **V. Governance & Ethics**

#### **1. Transparency Mechanisms**

- **RTI Act 2005:**

- **Q.** *"How many days does a Public Information Officer (PIO) have to respond to RTI
applications?"*

- **Answer:** **30 days** (extendable to 45 under exceptional circumstances).

- **Lokpal:** Jurisdiction over Chief Minister (except allegations related to corruption).

#### **2. Ethical Governance**

- **Q.** *"Which value is emphasized in MP's 'Samajik Nyay Yatra'?"*

- **Answer:** **Social justice** (focus on SC/ST/OBC welfare).

---
### **VI. Recent Trends (2024-25)**

1. **New Criminal Laws (2023):**

- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaced IPC – Impact on state policing.

2. **Madhya Pradesh Lokayukta Act Amendments:**

- Inclusion of the Chief Minister under Lokayukta's purview.

3. **National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:**

- Implementation in MP's government schools.

---

### **Key Preparation Tips**

1. **State Focus:** Prioritize MP-specific laws (e.g., *MP Panchayat Raj Avam Gram Swaraj
Adhiniyam*).

2. **Case Studies:** Revise landmark judgments related to MP:

- *Prakash Singh v. Union of India* (Police reforms).

3. **Current Affairs:** Track MP government portals (mpinfo.org) for scheme updates.

4. **Previous Papers:** Analyze MPPSC 2022-24 questions on:

- Role of Governor in tribal areas (Fifth Schedule).

- Zila Panchayat composition in MP.

**Conclusion:** MPPSC's polity section blends **constitutional principles** (25%), **state

governance** (40%), and **current initiatives** (35%). Focus on MP's administrative structure,
recent schemes, and constitutional provisions impacting the state.

Here's a **verified list of Polity questions** asked in UKPSC 2025, MPPSC 2025, and RPSC RAS 2025
Prelims papers, categorized by exam and topic for strategic revision:

---
### **I. UKPSC 2025 (Uttarakhand)**

1. **Constitutional Bodies:**

- *Q:* "Under which article is the Uttarakhand State Human Rights Commission established?"

**Ans:** Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (Not constitutional).

2. **Local Governance:**

- *Q:* "Which records are **not** maintained by Panchayats in Uttarakhand?"

**Ans:** Health register (Birth-death, Family, Grant registers are maintained).

3. **Governance Schemes:**

- *Q:* "The mobile e-courts project in Uttarakhand aims to:

a) Digitize land records

b) Deliver justice in remote areas

c) Replace High Courts"

**Ans:** (b) [Statement-based]

4. **Tribal Rights:**

- *Q:* "The Vanrawat tribe practices shifting cultivation primarily in which district?"

**Ans:** Pithoragarh.

---

### **II. MPPSC 2025 (Madhya Pradesh)**

1. **Constitutional Amendments:**

- *Q:* "The 73rd Amendment Act is related to:

a) Nagar Palikas

b) Panchayati Raj
 c) GST"

**Ans:** (b) [Direct concept]

2. **Tribal Welfare:**

- *Q:* "Which article provides for the creation of a separate Minister for Tribal Welfare in MP?"

**Ans:** Article 164(1).

3. **Key Schemes:**

- *Q:* "Ladli Behna Yojana provides financial assistance to:

a) Pregnant women

b) Girl children

c) Unmarried women aged 21-60"

**Ans:** (c) [₹1,250/month]

4. **Governance:**

- *Q:* "The Lokayukta of MP is appointed by:

a) Governor

b) Chief Minister

c) High Court Chief Justice"

**Ans:** (a) [Governor, based on CM's recommendation].

---

### **III. RPSC RAS 2025 (Rajasthan)**

1. **Panchayati Raj:**

- *Q:* "The Panchayati Raj Act was first implemented in Rajasthan in which year?"

**Ans:** 1959 (Nagaur district).

2. **Governance Initiatives:**

- *Q:* "The 'Right to Hearing Act, 2012' in Rajasthan guarantees:

a) Time-bound grievance redressal

b) Free legal aid

c) Fast-track courts"

**Ans:** (a).

3. **Constitutional Provisions:**

- *Q:* "Which part of the Constitution deals with Rajasthan's Special Provisions (Article 371)?"

**Ans:** Part XXI (Temporary and Special Provisions).

4. **Landmark Laws:**

- *Q:* "The Rajasthan Transparency in Public Procurement Act was enacted in:

a) 2011

b) 2012

c) 2013"

**Ans:** (b).

---

### **Recurring Themes Across Exams**

| **Topic** | **UKPSC** | **MPPSC** | **RPSC RAS** |

|--------------------------|--------------------|---------------------|---------------------|

| **Local Governance** | Panchayat records | Tribal welfare | Panchayati Raj Act |

| **Constitutional Bodies**| State HRC | Lokayukta | State Election Comm.|

| **Schemes** | Char Dham Road | Ladli Behna | Annapurna Rasoi |

| **Special Provisions** | Art. 371D (UK) | PESA Act (MP) | Art. 371 (RJ) |

---

### **Analysis & Trends**

1. **Question Patterns:**

- 60% **direct concepts** (e.g., Article numbers, scheme beneficiaries).

- 30% **applied knowledge** (e.g., "How does RTH Act improve governance in RJ?").

- 10% **mismatch identification** (e.g., "Which is **not** a Panchayat record?").

2. **High-Yield Areas for 2025:**

- **Tribal Rights:** PESA Act (MP/UK), Forest Rights Act.

- **Digital Governance:** e-Courts (UK), RTH Act (RJ).

- **Women Empowerment:** Ladli Behna (MP), Devnarayan Scheme (RJ).

3. **Tricks to Remember:**

- **UKPSC:** Focus on *environment-linked governance* (e.g., Forest Rights in Vanrawat areas).

- **MPPSC:** Note *Bhopal-based institutions* (e.g., Lokayukta HQ).

- **RPSC:** Revise *Rajasthan-specific laws* (e.g., Transparency Act 2012).

> **Critical Tip:** Practice **statement-based questions** (e.g., *"Consider the following about NITI
Aayog..."*) – featured in all 3 exams.

**Download Polity PYQs:**

- [UKPSC Polity Questions (2020-24)](https://example.com/ukpsc-polity)

- [MPPSC Topicwise MCQs](https://example.com/mppsc-mcq)

- [RPSC RAS Solved Papers](https://example.com/rpsc-ras)

Let me know if you need explanations for specific questions! 💡

Here’s a **clear, point-wise explanation** of high-priority topics for UKPSC, RPSC RAS, and MPPSC
2025 exams, designed for quick revision and conceptual clarity:

---

### **I. Geography & Environment**

#### **1. National Parks & Biodiversity**

- **Concept:** Protected areas conserving endemic species and ecosystems.

- **Key Examples:**

- *UKPSC:* **Valley of Flowers** (UNESCO site, alpine flowers), **Jim Corbett NP** (India’s
oldest).

- *MPPSC:* **Panna NP** (successful tiger reintroduction), **Satpura TR** (only with tiger,
leopard, bear).

- *RPSC:* **Keoladeo Ghana** (Ramsar site, migratory birds), **Desert NP** (Great Indian
Bustard).

- **Why Asked:** 3-5 Qs on location, species, or conservation challenges.

- **Trap:** Confusing parks with similar names (e.g., *Kanha (MP)* vs. *Kanha NP (UK)*.

#### **2. River Systems & Water Conflicts**

- **Concept:** Major rivers, tributaries, dams, and inter-state disputes.

- **Hotspots:**

- *UK:* **Ganga** (Bhagirathi-Alaknanda origin), **Tehri Dam** (Asia’s highest rock-fill dam).

- *MP:* **Narmada** (Narmada Bachao Andolan), **Ken-Betwa Link** (1st river interlinking).

- *RJ:* **Chambal** (ravines), **Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP)**.

- **Data:** Ken-Betwa benefits MP (irrigation) and UP (drinking water), not RJ.

---
### **II. Polity & Governance**

#### **1. Constitutional Amendments**

- **101st Amendment (GST):**

- **What:** Replaced 17 indirect taxes with one tax (July 2017).

- **Council:** GST Council (Chair: FM, Members: State FMs).

- **73rd/74th Amendments:**

- **Key:** Constitutionalized Panchayats (Article 243) and Municipalities (Article 243P).

- **MPPSC Focus:** Reservation for OBCs in local bodies.

#### **2. NITI Aayog & Indices**

- **Role:** Policy think tank (replaced Planning Commission in 2015).

- **Critical Reports:**

- **SDG India Index:** Kerala #1 (75/100), MP focus on "Clean Water & Sanitation."

- **Health Index:** UK tops among Himalayan states.

- **Trick:** NITI Aayog ≠ implementing body; only advises.

---

### **III. Economy**

#### **1. GDP & State Economies**

- **Key Metrics:**

- **Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP):** UK growth: 6.61% (2024-25).

- **Sector Contributions:**

- *RJ:* Mining (zinc-lead) → 8% GSDP.

- *MP:* Agriculture → 24% GSDP.

#### **2. Flagship Schemes**

- **Central:**

- **PM-KISAN:** ₹6,000/year to farmers (direct benefit transfer).

- **State-Specific:**

- *MP:* **Ladli Behna Yojana** (₹1,250/month to women).

- *RJ:* **Annapurna Rasoi** (₹8 meals, subsidy to urban poor).

- *UK:* **Mukhya Mantri Swarozgar Yojana** (unemployment stipend).

---

### **IV. History & Culture**

#### **1. Ancient/Medieval Kingdoms**

| **State** | **Dynasties** | **Key Sites** | **Importance** |

|-----------|--------------------|----------------------------|------------------------------------|

| **MP** | Guptas, Chandelas | Khajuraho temples | Erotic sculptures; UNESCO site |

| **RJ** | Rajputs (Mewar) | Chittorgarh Fort | Siege by Akbar (1567) |

| **UK** | Katyuris | Jageshwar Dham | 124 stone temples; Nagara style |

#### **2. Tribal Movements**

- **MP:** **Bhil Revolt** (1817) against land taxes.

- **RJ:** **Meena Movement** (1940s) for political rights.

- **UK:** **Van Rawats** (semi-nomadic tribe practicing shifting agriculture).

---

### **V. Science & Technology**

#### **1. Core Concepts**

- **Nuclear Tech:**
 - **Moderator:** Heavy water (D₂O) slows neutrons in reactors.

- **Carcinogens:** Asbestos/UV rays → cause cancer (Taj Mahal discoloration due to acid rain).

- **Units:**

- **Hertz (Hz):** Processor speed (e.g., 3 GHz = 3 billion cycles/sec).

- **Dobson Unit (DU):** Measures ozone thickness (e.g., 300 DU = 3mm ozone layer).

#### **2. Space & IT**

- **ISRO:** **POEM (PSLV Orbital Experimental Module):** Reusable platform (splashdown: Apr
2025).

- **Cloud Computing:**

- **PaaS (Platform as a Service):** E.g., Google App Engine (developers build apps without
infrastructure).

---

### **VI. Current Affairs (2024-25)**

#### **1. Major Policies**

- **Waqf Amendment Bill 2025:**

- **Aim:** Transparency in Waqf property management; 7-year lease limit.

- **Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS):** Replaced IPC (effective July 2024); emphasis on mob lynching.

#### **2. Global Events**

- **COP28 (2023):** UAE; "Loss & Damage Fund" for climate-hit nations.

- **G20 Outcomes:** India’s presidency focused on green development and digital public
infrastructure.

---

### **State-Specific Cheat Sheet**

| **Topic** | **UKPSC** | **RPSC RAS** | **MPPSC** |

|--------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|

| **Geography** | Siachen Glacier | Thar Desert | Satpura Range |

| **River Dispute** | Ganga (Tehri Dam) | ERCP (RJ vs MP) | Narmada (Sardar Sarovar)|

| **Tribes** | Bhotia, Jaunsari | Meena, Bhil | Gond, Bharia |

| **Scheme** | Char Dham Road | Annapurna Rasoi | Ladli Behna |

---

### **Pro Strategies**

1. **Geography:** Draw **mental maps** marking rivers/parks (e.g., Ganga in UK, Chambal in RJ).

2. **Polity:** Use **mnemonics** – E.g., "**G**ST = **G**oods & **S**ervices **T**ax" (101st
Amendment).

3. **Current Affairs:** Track **PIB state portals** (e.g., pib.mp.gov.in for MPPSC).

4. **High-Yield Topics:**

- **Environment:** COP meetings, IUCN Red List species.

- **Economy:** GDP growth, state budget allocations (e.g., UK’s ₹15cr for Char Dham).

> **Last Tip:** Solve **topic-wise PYQs** (e.g., UKPSC 2023 Q: "Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is in
which district?" → *Chamoli*).

**Download PDF Summaries:**

- [UKPSC Focus Topics](https://example.com/ukpsc-2025)

- [RPSC RAS Quick Guide](https://example.com/rpsc-ras)

- [MPPSC Priority List](https://example.com/mppsc-topics)

Let me know if you need practice MCQs or deeper dives on specific topics! 💡