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Science & Technology Revision Guide (BPSC Prelims)
🔬 A. Space Technology
1. ISRO Missions
Chandrayaan: India's lunar exploration program (Chandrayaan-1, 2, 3).
Aditya-L1: India's first solar mission to study the Sun's corona.
Gaganyaan: India’s first human spaceflight program.
Mangalyaan: Mars Orbiter Mission – cost-effective Mars mission.
2. Satellites
INSAT: Meteorology and telecommunication satellite series.
GSAT: Communication satellites.
IRNSS/NavIC: Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (GPS alternative).
RISAT: Radar Imaging Satellites used for all-weather imaging.
3. Launch Vehicles
PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle – reliable and versatile.
GSLV Mk III: High payload launcher used in Gaganyaan.
SSLV: Small Satellite Launch Vehicle for quick, low-cost launches.
🚁 B. Communication & Digital Technology
1. 5G Technology
Definition: 5th generation mobile network for high-speed, low-latency
communication.
2. Optical Fiber
Definition: Uses total internal reflection for high-speed data transmission.
3. IoT (Internet of Things)
Definition: Network of interconnected smart devices.
C. Artificial Intelligence & Emerging Tech
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Definition: Machines simulating human intelligence processes.
2. Machine Learning (ML)
Definition: Subset of AI; machines learning from data.
3. Quantum Computing
Definition: Computing using quantum bits; faster than classical computing.
4. Blockchain
Definition: Decentralized digital ledger technology.
🔐 D. Cybersecurity & IT
1. Cybersecurity
Definition: Protection of internet-connected systems and data.
2. CERT-In
Definition: Indian Computer Emergency Response Team for cyber threats.
3. Digital India
Definition: Government initiative to improve online infrastructure and internet
access.
E. Defence Technology
1. Missile Systems
Agni: Long-range ballistic missiles.
BrahMos: Supersonic cruise missile (India-Russia).
Astra: Air-to-air indigenous missile.
2. Indigenous Systems
Tejas: Light Combat Aircraft.
Arjun MBT: Main Battle Tank.
Pinaka: Multi-barrel rocket launcher.
3. Strategic Capabilities
Nuclear Triad: Capability to launch nuclear weapons by land, air, and sea.
DRDO: Defence Research and Development Organisation – R&D in defence
systems.
F. Energy & Nuclear Tech
1. Nuclear Energy
Definition: Energy released from fission or fusion.
2. Thorium-based Reactors
Definition: Reactors using Thorium as fuel (India's long-term strategy).
3. Renewable Energy
Examples: Solar, wind, hydro, bioenergy.
4. Hydrogen Fuel
Definition: Clean fuel that produces only water when burned.
🔬 G. Biotechnology & Health
1. DNA/RNA
DNA: Carrier of genetic information.
RNA: Helps in protein synthesis.
2. CRISPR
Definition: Gene editing tool.
3. Vaccines
mRNA Vaccine: Introduces genetic material to produce viral proteins and trigger
immunity.
🌍 H. Environment & Climate Tech
1. Climate Agreements
Paris Agreement: Global treaty to limit global warming.
2. Carbon Capture
Definition: Capturing CO2 emissions from power plants/industries.
3. Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Definition: Vehicles powered by electricity instead of fossil fuels.
📈 I. General Science & Daily Applications
1. Human Physiology
Lymphocytes: White blood cells involved in immune response.
Cartilage: Flexible tissue found in joints.
2. Physics Basics
Velocity: Speed in a specific direction.
Sound: Determined by frequency and amplitude.
3. Chemistry in Daily Life
Acids/Bases: pH-related substances.
Preservatives: Chemicals to prevent food spoilage.
For MCQs, flashcards, or practice quizzes based on these themes, let me know!
Yes
Pattern Observed Insight
Increased Questions from Current Affairs E.g. ISRO launches, Chandrayaan-3, Gaganyaan
Emphasis on Digital India & Emerging Tech AI, 5G, Quantum dominate recent years
Mix of Static + Dynamic Science Physics/Bio/Chemistry + Tech developments
Interdisciplinary Focus Health-tech, Agri-tech, Defence-Tech merge
Here is a complete category-wise and theme-wise summary of all Science & Technology
questions from BPSC Prelims (64th to 70th) based on all the uploaded papers:
🧪 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY — CATEGORY-WISE
& THEME-WISE SUMMARY
🔭 A. Space Technology
Theme Key Focus Areas
ISRO Missions Chandrayaan (1–3), Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), Aditya-L1, Gaganyaan
Satellite Programs INSAT, GSAT, RISAT, IRNSS/NavIC, GSAT-7 (Defence Comm. Satellite)
Launch Vehicles PSLV, GSLV Mk-III, SSLV – capabilities and missions
Space-tech Startups Private participation: Skyroot, Agnikul, InSPACe initiative
B. Communication & Digital Technology
Theme Key Focus Areas
5G Technology Speed, latency, real-time data applications
Internet Infrastructure BharatNet, National Optical Fibre Network
Fiber Optics Total Internal Reflection (TIR), use in broadband and sensors
IoT & Smart Devices Application in smart cities, agriculture, healthcare
💻 C. Artificial Intelligence & Emerging Tech
Theme Key Focus Areas
AI & Machine Learning Role in automation, surveillance, robotics, education
Quantum Computing Quantum supremacy, encryption, defense use
Blockchain Use in supply chain, data transparency, cryptocurrencies
Big Data & Cloud Tech e-Governance, digital records, UIDAI systems
🔐 D. Cybersecurity & Information Technology
Theme Key Focus Areas
Cyber Threats Malware, ransomware, phishing
CERT-In India’s cyber emergency response team
Data Privacy & Aadhaar UIDAI security, biometric safety
National Cybersecurity Policy Government strategy on protecting digital infrastructure
E. Defence Technology
Theme Key Focus Areas
Missile Technology Agni, Prithvi, BrahMos, Astra, Nirbhay, K-series (SLBMs)
Indigenous Platforms Tejas (LCA), Arjun MBT, Pinaka, DRDO UAVs
Defence Satellites GSAT-7A/7B, RISAT series
Modern Warfare AI-enabled combat, space-based surveillance, electronic warfare
Defence R&D & DRDO Role in missile, radar, AI, space-defense
F. Nuclear & Energy Technology
Theme Key Focus Areas
Nuclear Power India’s reactors: Tarapur, Kudankulam, Rawatbhata; Thorium use
Fusion vs. Fission Mechanism, advantages, safety comparison
Renewable Energy Tech Solar parks, wind turbines, floating solar
Hydrogen & Biofuels Green hydrogen mission, ethanol blending
🧫 G. Biotechnology & Health Science
Theme Key Focus Areas
DNA, RNA, CRISPR Gene editing, hereditary disorders, GMO crops
Vaccines & mRNA Tech COVID-19 vaccines (Covaxin, Covishield), fast-track trials
Public Health Innovation COWIN portal, digital health ID, telemedicine
Stem Cell & Cloning Applications in regenerative medicine
🌱 H. Environmental Science & Climate Tech
Theme Key Focus Areas
Climate Agreements COP summits, Paris Agreement, India’s targets
Carbon Capture & Green Tech Electric vehicles, carbon neutrality goals, bio-remediation
Pollution Monitoring CPCB technologies, real-time air quality sensors
ISRO’s Environmental Satellites Oceansat, Cartosat for monitoring climate and resources
🧬 I. General Science & Everyday Technology
Theme Key Focus Areas
Human Physiology Hormones, immunity (lymphocytes), muscular functions
Physics Concepts Optics, Newton’s laws, friction, resonance
Chemistry in Daily Life Acids, bases, polymers, detergents, preservatives
Science in Agriculture GM crops, drip irrigation, nano fertilizers
📊 Overall Trends (64th–70th BPSC Prelims):
Pattern Observed Insight
Increased Questions from Current Affairs E.g. ISRO launches, Chandrayaan-3, Gaganyaan
Emphasis on Digital India & Emerging Tech AI, 5G, Quantum dominate recent years
Mix of Static + Dynamic Science Physics/Bio/Chemistry + Tech developments
Interdisciplinary Focus Health-tech, Agri-tech, Defence-Tech merge
Would you like:
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📊 Trend analysis (e.g. % of questions per theme/year)?
Let me know how you’d like to proceed for your BPSC Science & Tech prep!
