Code:
% MATLAB code for generating a convergence plot of Gauss-Seidel method
% Define the coefficients and constants for the system of equations
% 1. 15x + 3y - 2z = 210
% 2. -4x + 12y + z = 120
% 3. x - y + 10z = 90
% Rearranged equations for Gauss-Seidel:
% x = (210 - 3y + 2z) / 15
% y = (120 + 4x - z) / 12
% z = (90 - x + y) / 10
% Initial guesses
x = 0;
y = 0;
z = 0;
% Store values for plotting
x_values = x;
y_values = y;
z_values = z;
% Parameters for convergence
tolerance = 1e-6; % Desired accuracy (6 decimal places)
max_iterations = 100; % Maximum number of iterations
fprintf('Iteration | x | y | z \n');
fprintf('----------------------------------------------------------------\n');
fprintf('%6d | %13.6f | %13.6f | %13.6f \n', 0, x, y, z);
% Gauss-Seidel Iteration Loop
for iter = 1:max_iterations
x_old = x;
y_old = y;
z_old = z;
% Update x using current y and z
x = (210 - 3*y_old + 2*z_old) / 15;
% Update y using current x (the newly calculated x) and current z
y = (120 + 4*x - z_old) / 12;
% Update z using current x (the newly calculated x) and current y (the newly calculated y)
z = (90 - x + y) / 10;
% Append current values for plotting
x_values = [x_values; x];
y_values = [y_values; y];
z_values = [z_values; z];
fprintf('%6d | %13.6f | %13.6f | %13.6f \n', iter, x, y, z);
% Check for convergence
if abs(x - x_old) < tolerance && ...
abs(y - y_old) < tolerance && ...
abs(z - z_old) < tolerance
fprintf('\nConvergence achieved after %d iterations.\n', iter);
break;
end
end
if iter == max_iterations
fprintf('\nMaximum number of iterations reached. Solution may not have converged to the
desired tolerance.\n');
end
fprintf('\nFinal Solution (accurate to 6 decimal places):\n');
fprintf('x = %.6f L/s\n', x);
fprintf('y = %.6f L/s\n', y);
fprintf('z = %.6f L/s\n', z);
% --- Create the convergence plot ---
figure; % Create a new figure window
plot(0:length(x_values)-1, x_values, '-o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'DisplayName', 'x');
hold on; % Keep the current plot and add new plots
plot(0:length(y_values)-1, y_values, '-s', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'DisplayName', 'y');
plot(0:length(z_values)-1, z_values, '-^', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'DisplayName', 'z');
hold off; % Release the hold on the plot
xlabel('Iteration');
ylabel('Value');
title('Convergence Plot of Gauss-Seidel Method');
legend('Location', 'best'); % Display legend
grid on; % Add a grid to the plot
% Optional: Save the plot to a file
% saveas(gcf, 'gauss_seidel_convergence_plot_matlab.png');
% fprintf('Convergence plot saved as gauss_seidel_convergence_plot_matlab.png\n');
Output:
Convergence Plot:
Code:
% MATLAB code for solving the vertical settlement problem using Newton-Raphson method
% This version avoids scientific notation ('e') for f(s_n) and f'(s_n)
% and removes the Error column from the table output.
% Convergence is still to 6 decimal places.
% --- 1. Define the function f(s) and its derivative df(s) ---
% Constants given in the problem
k = 100;
P = 1500;
% Anonymous function for f(s)
f = @(s) k * s.^3 - P * s + 5;
% Anonymous function for the derivative f'(s)
df = @(s) 3 * k * s.^2 - P;
% --- 2. Initialize Parameters ---
s = 1.0; % Initial guess s_0
tolerance = 1e-6; % Desired accuracy (6 decimal places)
max_iterations = 100; % Maximum number of iterations
% Store 's' values for convergence plot
s_history = s;
% --- 3. Newton-Raphson Iteration Loop ---
% Updated header: Removed 'Error' column
fprintf('%-10s | %-25s | %-25s | %-25s\n', 'Iteration', 's_n', 'f(s_n)', 'f''(s_n)');
fprintf('%s\n', repmat('-', 95, 1)); % Separator line, adjusted length
for i = 0:max_iterations-1
f_s = f(s);
df_s = df(s);
% Check for derivative being too close to zero
if abs(df_s) < 1e-15 % Using a small threshold to avoid division by zero
warning('Derivative is too close to zero. Newton-Raphson method may fail or converge
slowly.');
break;
end
s_new = s - f_s / df_s;
error = abs(s_new - s); % Calculate error internally, but not print
% Updated print line: Removed 'error' value, changed 'e' to 'f' for f(s_n) and f'(s_n)
% Use enough decimal places for f and df to show precision without 'e'
fprintf('%-10d | %-25.15f | %-25.10f | %-25.10f\n', i, s, f_s, df_s);
% Store for plotting
s_history = [s_history; s_new]; %#ok<AGROW>
% Check for convergence based on the requested tolerance (6 decimal places)
if error < tolerance
fprintf('\nConvergence achieved.\n');
s = s_new; % Update to the converged value
break;
end
s = s_new; % Update s for the next iteration
end
if i == max_iterations - 1 && error >= tolerance
fprintf('\nMaximum iterations reached without achieving desired tolerance.\n');
end
% Final result formatted to 6 decimal places
fprintf('\nFinal calculated settlement (s): %.6f cm\n', s);
fprintf('Number of iterations: %d\n', i + 1);
% --- 4. Generate Convergence Plot ---
figure; % Create a new figure window
plot(0:length(s_history)-1, s_history, '-o', 'MarkerSize', 5, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'Color', [0
0.4470 0.7410]);
hold on; % Keep the current plot for adding more elements
% Plot the final converged value as a horizontal line for reference
plot(xlim, [s s], '--r', 'LineWidth', 1, 'DisplayName', sprintf('Converged Value (%.6f)',
s)); % Display to 6 decimal places
xlabel('Iteration Number');
ylabel('Settlement s (cm)');
title(sprintf('Newton-Raphson Method Convergence (Tolerance: %.0e)', tolerance));
grid on;
legend('s_n', 'Converged Value', 'Location', 'best');
set(gca, 'FontSize', 12); % Adjust font size for readability
Output:
Convergence Plot:
23CE33C- STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL METHODS
CO-4 MATLAB ASSIGNMENT
BY
AARTHI.B
24103001
SECOND YEAR CIVIL
