QUESTION NUMBER 1

2 (d) The digital camera has a microphone which is used to record the sound for the video.

The user changes the sampling rate that the microphone uses from 44.1 kHz to 88.2 kHz.

Describe how this change in sampling rate will affect the performance of the video doorbell.

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C
QUESTION NUMBER 2 S
2 (d) The computer can transmit a video made from bitmap images and vector graphic animations
to the VR headset.
B
Y
(i) Describe how the data for a bitmapped image is encoded.

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W
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........................................................................................................................................... A
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S
I
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(ii) Describe the contents of a vector graphic drawing list.

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Q
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(iii) The bitmap video is not compressed before transmission to the VR headset.

Give two reasons why the video does not need to be compressed.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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[2]
QUESTION NUMBER 3
4 The student compresses the file before it is emailed to their teacher as an attachment.

(i) Explain the benefits to the teacher of the attachment being a compressed file.

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C
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(ii) Describe one lossless method of compressing a text file.

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S
B
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Y
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A
S
I
Q
QUESTION NUMBER 4
7 A student takes a photograph of a science experiment.

(a) The photograph is saved as a bitmapped image.

(i) Define the following bitmap terms.

Colour depth ......................................................................................................................

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File header ........................................................................................................................

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C
[2]

(ii) Explain why changing the image resolution will affect the image quality and file size.

Image quality ..................................................................................................................... S

B
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File size ............................................................................................................................. Y

W
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A
[2]

(iii) Identify one lossless method of compressing an image.

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S
(b) The student draws a picture on paper that is scanned into the computer and saved as a
vector graphic. I
Define the vector graphic terms property and drawing list.

Property ....................................................................................................................................
Q
...................................................................................................................................................

Drawing list ...............................................................................................................................

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[2]
QUESTION NUMBER 5
(b) The game generates a story which is stored as a text file.
Jay compresses the text file using lossless compression before sending it by email to his
friend.

(i) Identify two reasons for compressing the text file.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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[2]

(ii) Explain the reasons why Jay compresses the text file with lossless compression instead
of lossy compression. C
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S
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Y
W
A
S
I
Q
QUESTION NUMBER 6

Zak designs a logo for his company. He uses vector graphics software to create the logo.

(a) One of the drawing objects in the logo is a circle.

Identify four properties of the circle. C

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
S
3 ................................................................................................................................................ B
4 ................................................................................................................................................
[4] Y
W
(b) Describe what is meant by a drawing list using the logo as an example.

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A
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S
I
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(C) State two drawbacks of bitmap images.

Q
Drawback 1 ...............................................................................................................................

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Drawback 2 ...............................................................................................................................

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[4]
QUESTION NUMBER 7
An image can be either a bitmap image or a vector graphic.

(a) Vector graphics are made up of drawing objects and their properties.

(i) State what is meant by a drawing object.

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(ii) Identify four properties of a drawing object.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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C
S
2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................
B
Y
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4 ........................................................................................................................................

W
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[4]

(b) Identify three items that are stored in a bitmap file header.

1 ................................................................................................................................................
A
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
I
Q
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3 ................................................................................................................................................

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[3]
 (c) A bitmap image needs to be compressed before it can be sent by email.

Describe one lossy and one lossless method of compressing the image.

Lossy ........................................................................................................................................

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C
Lossless ....................................................................................................................................

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S
B
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Y
[4]

W
A
S
I
Q
QUESTION NUMBER 8
Joanne wants to record sound files and videos for uploading to a social media website.

(a) The following table contains terms about sound representation and encoding.

Complete the table by writing the definitions for each term.

Term Definition

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Sampling ............................................................................................................

C
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Sampling resolution
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S
............................................................................................................
B
............................................................................................................ Y
W
Sampling rate ............................................................................................................

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[3] A
(b) Joanne records a short video using interlaced encoding.
S
Describe what is meant by interlaced encoding.
I
Q
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QUESTION NUMBER 9
Images are being created to advertise holidays.

Some of the images are bitmap images and some are vector graphics.

(a) Complete the table by defining the image terms.

Term Definition

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Drawing list ...................................................................................................................

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C
S
...................................................................................................................

Pixel ...................................................................................................................

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B
................................................................................................................... Y
W
Colour depth ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

[3] A
(b) The bitmap images are photographs of the holiday locations.
S
I
(i) Colour depth and image resolution are both included in the file header of a bitmap image.

Identify two other items that could be included in the file header of each photograph.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
Q
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
 (ii) One of the photographs has a bit depth of 8 bytes and an image resolution of 1500 pixels
wide and 3000 pixels high.

Calculate the file size of the photograph in megabytes. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

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File size ........................... MB

C
[2]

(c) The photographs are compressed before they are uploaded to a web server.

S
Customers download the photographs from this web server.

(i) Explain the reasons why compressing the photographs will benefit the customers.

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B
Y
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W
A
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(ii) An image can be compressed using run‑length encoding (RLE).

S
I
Explain the reasons why RLE may not reduce the file size of a bitmap image.
Give one example in your answer.

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Q
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QUESTION NUMBER 10
The following bitmap image has a resolution of 4096 × 4096 pixels and a colour depth of 24 bits
per pixel.

The image is displayed on a monitor that has a screen resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels. C
(a) Tick (3) one box in each row to identify the effect of each action on the image file size. S
B
Increases the Decreases the No change to
Action
file size file size the file size

Y
Change the colour depth of the
image file to 16 bits per pixel.
Change the screen resolution

W
to 1366 × 768 pixels.
Change the colour of the

A
rectangle from black to red.
[2]

(b) State two benefits of creating a vector graphic instead of a bitmap image.
S
I
1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

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Q
[2]
 (c) A second bitmap image is stored using a colour depth of 8 bits per pixel.

The file is compressed using run-length encoding (RLE).

(i) The table shows the compressed and uncompressed values for parts of the image file.

Each colour of the pixel in the image is represented by a hexadecimal value.

Complete the table. The first row has been completed for you.

Uncompressed image RLE compressed image

EA F1 F1 F2 F2 F2 EA 1EA 2F1 3F2 1EA

2AB 2FF 11D 167

C
32 32 80 81 81

[2]
S
(ii) RLE is an example of lossless compression. B
Explain why lossless compression is more appropriate than lossy compression for a
text file. Y
W
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A
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S
I
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Q
QUESTION NUMBER 11
(a) Draw one line from each vector graphic term to its most appropriate description.

Term Description

a component created
drawing list
using a formula

defines one characteristic

drawing object
of a component

property
data required to create all C
S
components in the graphic

[2]

B
(b) State what is meant by the bit depth of a bitmap image and explain how changing the bit
depth affects the image.

Y
Definition ...................................................................................................................................

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Explanation ...............................................................................................................................
W
A
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[3]
S
(c) Explain why a bitmap image is often compressed before it is attached to an email. I
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Q
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QUESTION NUMBER 12
7 Bobby is recording a sound file for his school project.

(a) He repeats the recording of the sound several times, with a different sample rate each time.

(i) Describe the reasons why the sound is closer to the original when a higher sample rate
is used.

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C
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe the reasons why the sound file size increases when a higher sample rate is

S
used.

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...........................................................................................................................................
B
Y
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

W
(b) Bobby wants to email the sound file to his school email address. He compresses the file
before sending the email.

(i) Explain the reasons why Bobby compresses the sound file.
A
S
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I
Q
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Bobby uses lossless compression.

Describe how lossless compression can compress the sound file.

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..................................................................................................................................... [2]