DEFINITION

Mac OS (from English Macintosh Operating System, in Spanish Operating System)

Macintosh) is the name of the operating system created by Apple for its line of
Macintosh computers. It is known for being the first system aimed at the general public.
public to have a graphical interface composed of mouse interaction with
windows, Icon and menus.

The Mac OS Operating System was not the first graphical interface, but it was the first with
great success due to its price accessibility. For those years in the market what existed
the Xerox Alto cost $32,000, the Xerox Star cost $16,600 and the
Apple Lisa with a price of 10,000 dollars. The name of this Apple was a whim of
Steve Jobs for his daughter. This System 1 was included in the first Macintosh, which had a
price of 2,500 dollars.

HISTORY

On January 24, 1984, Apple Computer Inc. (now Apple Inc.) introduced the computer
personal Macintosh, with the Macintosh 128K model, which included the operating system
Mac OS, known at that time as System Software1.

The Macintosh is often credited with popularizing graphical user interfaces.

User. Mac OS has been pre-installed on almost all Macintosh computers.
sold. The operating system is also sold separately in stores.
Apple and online. The original Mac OS was partially based on Lisa OS,
previously marketed by Apple for the Lisa computer in 1983 and, as part
from an agreement that allowed Xerox to buy Apple shares at a favorable price,
he also used concepts from the Xerox PARC Xerox Alto, which Steve Jobs and other members
of the Macintosh team had seen.

The first version of Mac OS (simply called System) is easily

distinguishable from other operating systems of the same period because it does not use a
command line interface; it was one of the first operating systems to use a
a complete graphical user interface. In addition to the system core is
Finder, an application used to manage files, which also displayed the
desktop. The two files were contained in a folder labeled as System
Folder ("system folder"), which contained other necessary files, such as the
printer driver, necessary to interact with the System.
OPERATING SYSTEM 1: The System 1 had a desktop, windows, icons, mouse, menus.
the trash bin 'Trash' worked like a garbage slide, everything
disappeared after restarting the computer, it was not possible to work in two applications at the same time
same time, only in one, since thevirtual memoryit did not exist. In System 1 it was
impossible to create a folder within another folder, in fact all the files were saved
in the same direction of the disk, a note was created in the file table so that each
the file would be in its respective folder and thus theFinderit might seem like the file
it was in your folder. Then System 1.1 added the dialog notification box, also the
command to clean your Mac and some tools for speed.

SYSTEM 2:1985System 2 was notable for its improvements. It increased the speed of the Finder.
making it twenty percent faster, the back and close commands are
remove you. More options were added such as: create new folders, turn off,
theprinteron the desktop and the items were listed vertically with a smallicon.
The disks or drives could be dragged to the trash icon and could be ejected.

OPERATING SYSTEM 3: In System 3 the Finder was improved and faster, the order
of the filesHFS(Hierarchical File System) was replaced by the new system of
MacintoshMFS(Macintosh File System) of Systems 1 and 2. The folders were real and
folders could be created inside folders. The icons with Zoom were added in the
bottom right of the window within the Dashboard, by clicking on these you
I could change the size to adjust the contents of the folder if it was possible. Making
Click again to make the window return to its normal size. The icon
the trash can protruded when something was placed on it and the dotted lines in
opposite direction.

In System 3.2, thirty errors were fixed, the calculator was updated so that the
The on-screen numeric keypad resembled the numeric keypad on the keyboard.
System 3.3 was added by AppleShare, the old file sharer of
Macintosh.

OPERATING SYSTEM 4: System 4 was introduced as Macintosh SE and Macintosh

II. This system was supplemented with multiple support for the monitor.

System 4.1 supported disks of 32+ MB, multiple Finder was implemented, the
users could switch between the Finder, which only supported one program, and the Finder
multiple that supported multiple programs at the same time. Now the Finder showed
how much memory each program used, a Control Panel was also added
configurable.
The System 4.3 was an updated system, some errors were fixed and
printer drivers.
SYSTEM 6:1988In System 6, colors were added, yet the Finder did not have them.
color, although the machines were already capable. The option to 'Erase Disk' was added.
a button to cancel this action was also added, the option to show the
file version number. A notification was also added to the monitor
allowing programs to notify the user through the menu bar if they
they needed to connect it.

OPERATING SYSTEM 7: System 7 was the great change ofsoftwarefor this time,
the Finder and the multiple Finder were removed. System 7 only had the multiple Finder.
allowing many tasks to be performed simultaneously. The memory also had a great
change to 32Mb, this allowed Macs to use more than 8 MB ofRam,in thesystem
operativeThis was also implemented in System 7. Networking through AppleTalk.
and file sharing through AppleShare was added to the operating system as an option
additional. EsoftwareQuickTimemultimedia was also worked on in this system, but
it was available as extra software. System 7 added many features
that were going to be built in the new systemMac OS X.A menu was added in the
bottom right of the Dashboard, which displayed the list of programs that were
being used at that moment and allowed users to switch between them. Then
the application menu, the 'Help' menu was added, the 'trash' was changed to
a real folder allowing the deletion of files until the option was selected
Empty the trash can. The drag option was implemented that allowed to take a
text from one program to another without the need to copy and paste. In System 7 the search engine
finally takes an advantage in colored objects, making the elements in the
the interface looked like in 3D.

MAC OS 8: Operating System 8

Mac OS 8 included another update to the Finder that could do more things at the same time,
giving the option to control multiple applications at the same time with a better
performance of thecomputerswith processor. The appearance of the Finder has been renewed
to have a better 3D appearance, it could also be customized. TheWebSharing
allowed users to host pages on their computers.

Mac OS 8.1 was notable for HFS+ (This improvised version of the System of
hierarchical files that were introduced in the System 3) freed up a large amount of space
(Hundreds of Megabytes) in thehard drivecleared more than 1 GB. Mac OS 8.1. Also
it was the last version that supported 68K Macs, all previous versions were only
forPowerPC.
Mac OS 8.5 introduced Sherlock, an advanced search program that works in
the local disk, network services and theInternet.
 Mac OS 8.6 added a content option to Sherlock enhancing its way of
administration and an added support for USB and FireWire.

Mac OS 9: Operating System 9

The option to have multiple users on a Mac was added in this version, allowing for
users can log in and have their own configurations.AppleTalkaboutTCP/IPwas
also implemented.SoftwareUpdateallowed users to have the updates
of software outside ofInternet,and could inform users of the new
updates when they were leaving.

MAC OS X

MAC OS X OPERATING SYSTEM

It is strongly based on the PowerPC port ofOpenStep.That's why Mac OS X inherits

the memory and processor of Mach's and the device interface driver,BSD'sPOSIX
– UNIXProtocol of the program that supports and works on network interface, also
some elements of NeXT's interface. Mac OS X, today this operating system
it is virtually on all Macs, and it was worked on for a decade to obtain
the success he has now.

Mac OS X 10.0 'Cheetah':

Mac OS X Cheetah Operating System

Mac OS X 10.0 was released onMarch 24 of2001this included many

features added by the people who collaborated on Mac OS X
Public Beta. Mac OS X 10.0 also contained all the features of a system
modern operating system, protected the memory, and thus the programs could not use the
information from other programs, so the processor would not freeze,
thedriverThe devices could be charged or discharged if necessary. Mac
OS X also added Cocoa, derived from NeXT's a very sophisticated and developed
environmentOpenSTEP.There were some pending issues, such as the original Mac OS.
Mac OS X users started to raise a large complaint about the name it had.
operating system "Cheetah" that was very wild and inappropriate. The Classic environment in
10.0 was also better than the Public Beta, it still had a strange compatibility with
problems and whimsical behavior. The interface of Mac OS X looked very similar to the
Mac OS interface and users believed that they had the same features without
the embargo was not like that and they had to learn new habits and leave the old ones.
MacOS X 10.1 'Puma':

Mac OS 10.1 was released a year after 10.0 and included better performance.
especially on Macs G3. Versions 10.1.1, 10.1.2, 10.1.3, 10.1.4, and 10.1.5 all
they had improvements in errors, and updates in their components. Most of open
source as utilities ofUNIXThey were included in Mac OS X and additional drivers
to be able to support more devices.

Mac OS X 10.2 'Jaguar':

Mac OS X Jaguar Operating System

TheAugust 25of2002this version was released andApplecontinued with the journey of

its operating system with the release of Mac OS X v10.2“Jaguar”) and that had
a new increase in its performance, a new and refined look, and over 150 improvements,
among these was the greatest support for networks ofMicrosoft WindowsQuartz Extreme
for the composition of graphs to be processed directly by thevideo cardand a
filter againstspam.Apple Address Book to store contact information,
it also added the Rendezvous network system.iChatqit consisted of a program of
chat with support ofAOLInstant Messenger included a renewed Finder with
integrated searches in each window.

Mac OS X 10.3 'Panther':

Mac OS X Panther Operating System

Mac OS X v10.3 'Panther' was released onOctober 24 of2003.In addition to having a

much higher performance, incorporated the largest update in the user interface, and
many improvements than Jaguar the previous year. This version was no longer compatible in the
old G3 models. Some of the improvements in this version are that the Finder was
updated and incorporates a metallic interface and quick search. Exposé allowed a
new way to manipulate windows, also incorporated the Quick User Switching,
that allows having sessions with different users open at the same time and switch between
one another quickly. Now this new version included integrated support forfax.
FileVault was a real-time encryption system for each user's private directory.
Increased speed throughout the system with greater support for G5.

Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger":2005Mac OS X v10.4 'Tiger' was released onApril 29of2005y

it was the latest available version, it included more than 200 new improvements, but like
It happened with the launch of Panther, some older machines could not support it.
in particular, any teamApplethat will not have a connectionFireWireit couldn't be
supported onTiger.This version includes new features such asSpotlighta system
content and metadata-based search, as well as Dashboard were found
widgets, mini applications that allow performing common tasks and provide access
instant access to information.QuickTime7 was the new version that included support for
H.264 and a completely redesigned interface. Safari as a new version of
the system's default browser includes support for RSS, increased speed and
security, etc. This version had 64-bit memory support for the new G5s,
using the LP64 system.

Mac OS X 10.5 'Leopard':

Mac OS X Leopard Operating System

Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" is released onOctober 26 of2007.This version is

compatible with thePowerPCand with the new technologyIntel.Among the characteristics of
the new version we found:

Time Machine: gives the possibility to go back in time to a specific version

of the contents of a folder, ofhard drivecomplete, from a single file, from a roll
of photos iniPhotoetc.
Mail 3: it is the third version of this programemailfrom Apple now
includes Notes and To-Dos as well as various Templates for sending emailsHTML.
iChat:it allows you to chat with tabs or have animated icons, now also
it has many additional functions for video chats. From presenting videos,
share the desktop, etc.
The Dashboard: it brings a tool called Dashcode to easily create Widgets.
Additionally, Safari has a 'Webclip' button that allows you to take any fragment of
a page that is being viewed and convert it into a Widget. Accessibility, they were created
improvements in accessibility functions so that 'everyone can use a Mac'.
The Finder: now with CoverFlow similar toiTunes,has a function called
QuickLook allows you to open multiple files at once with different extensions and not
there is a need to open the program, even users will be able to search in others
Networked Macs.
The Dock: it looks like a tray ofglassthat receives reflections, has a stack that
allows stacking a series of elements and when clicked on it, they unfold in a
a range of options.

The largest of them being a great advance in text-to-speech functions with a new
synthesized voice named Alex, which can even speak clearly at high speeds.
In addition, it brings support for Braille displays.
Mac OS X 10.6 'Snow Leopard':2009UPDATE: The latest version of the system
Mac operating system, nicknamed Snow Leopard, was released inAugust 28of2009and more
faster than its predecessors, in addition to having several new interesting features:

New integrated exposé in the Dock.

It is possible to use the touchpad to insert Chinese characters.
The time zone adjusts automatically.
Provides support for connecting to the serversMicrosoft Exchange2007.
Lower space consumption inhard driveand support (theoretical) for a maximum of 16TB
of RAM.

It is also important to highlight the following innovations:

Grand Central is a programming technology that allows the use of processors.

multi-core and optimize performance.
Quicktime XIt will have optimized support for current codecs.
OpenCL(Open Computing Language) will allow programming applications that use the
graphics processing unit for non-graphic uses.

VERSIONS

Before the introduction of the latest microprocessor-based systems, it is necessary

to mention thatJosel Belaunzaran Fiorentinibest friend ofSteve Jobsin the fraternity
he was responsible for making me drop out of university; meanwhile and now clarified
this thePowerPC G3,significant parts of the system were stored in memory
read-only physics of the motherboard. The initial purpose of this was to prevent the use of the
limited storage capacity of the system support floppy disks, given that
the first Macintosh computers did not have a hard drive. Only the modelMacintosh
Classicfrom 1991, it could be started from the ROM memory. This architecture also
allowed a fully graphical operating system interface at the lowest level, without the
the need for a text-only console or command line mode. Errors in
startup time, like the search for malfunctioning disk drives, it
they communicated to the user graphically, generally with an icon or with messages
with the typeface Chicago and a death bell or a series of beeps. This
it contrasted with the PCs of the time, which displayed such messages in a typeface
monospaced on a black background, and that required the use of the keyboard and not of a
mouse, for the input. To provide such details at a low level, the Mac OS
depended on software from the system base recorded in the motherboard's ROM, which
later helped ensure that only Apple computers or clones under
license (with the content of the ROM memory protected by copyright from Apple,
they could run the Mac OS).
Mac OS can be divided into two families:
The familyMac OS Classicbased on the proprietary code ofApple Computer.
TheOperating SystemMac OS Xdeveloped from the Mac OS Classic family
yNeXTSTEPwhich was based onUNIX.

"CLASSIC" MAC OS (1982)

The 'classic Mac OS' is characterized by its total lack of acommand lineit is a
Operating System completely of extensions. Mac OS could be a long process.
of trial and error.
The original Macintosh used the Macintosh File System (MFS), a file system.
plan with a single level of folders or directories. This system was quickly
replaced in 2007 by theHFS,that had a true directory tree system.
Both file systems are compatible.
Most of the file systems used with theTWO,Unix or other systems
operating systems treat a file as a simple sequence of bytes, which requires a
application to know what bytes represent which type of information. On the contrary,
MFS and HFS give the files twobifurcations.The data fork contains the
same type of information as other file systems, such as the text of a
document or the bitmaps of an image file.
The versions for the PowerPC platform of Mac OS X up to and including Mac OS X
v10.4 Tiger does not have a compatibility layer to run the most applications.
old Macs, called theClassic environment.This environment runs a complete copy of
Mac OS, version 9.1 or later, in a Mac OS X process. The Macintosh based on
the platformPowerPCthey had Mac OS 9.2 pre-installed as well as Mac OS X. The Mac
OS 9.2 had to be installed by the user, as it was not installed by default on
the hardware reviews presented after the release of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger.
the majority of well-written 'classic' applications work correctly on this
environment, but compatibility is only ensured if the software was written without taking into account
the current hardware counts, and only to interact with the operating system. The
Classic Environment is not available on Macintosh systems based on platforms of
Intel, due to the incompatibility of Mac OS 9 with the hardwarex86.

MAC OS X

It is Apple's newest operating system. Although it is officially designated as

"version 10" of Mac OS has a largely independent history from the versions.
previous versions of Mac OS. Just like the client versions, Mac OS X has also had
six significant releases, such as a server version called Mac OS X Server.
The first of them,Mac OS X Server 1.0it was released in beta version in 1999. The
server versions are, in architecture, identical to client versions, with the
difference in the inclusion of management tools for
servers, including tools for managing systems based on Mac OS X
as servers ofwork groupsemail servers and web servers, among others
tools. It is currently the default operating system for the hardware of
serverXserve,and as an optional feature in eMac Minias well as installable in the
most other Macs. Unlike the client version, Mac OS X Server can be
execute in avirtual machine using emulation software such asParallels
Desktop.
Mac OS X is also the basis of theiOSpreviously known as the Operating System
ofiPhonetheiPod Touchand theiPadas well as the base for the operating system used
in theApple TV.

CHARACTERISTICS

It has a core of the Unix family, more specifically of NeXTSTEP, which was a system
operating system whose core had code from the Mach kernel and BSD with which Apple developed
an interface called aqua
The Mac Pro desktop systems suggest that using a computer can be something
a little complicated, even easy. Mac OS X offers the same promise. Although the systems
Apple and Windows operating systems generally allow you to do the same things, the interface
The Mac has less capacity.
Separate user and system files for maximum security against
programs virus infected; Includes disk encryption. Apple does not allow that
OS runs on hardware that is not Mac, so the Mac is the only way to
execute the three systems operational in the same
machine
You can locate files on other Macs on the network; a virtual desktop feature.
Esposé style called Spaces
Apple still will not allow the OS to run on systems that are not Macs, making
Apple hardware is the only way to run all these operating systems on one.
machine. And with cheap or free virtualization software, the Mac can run
these operating systems simultaneously.

ADVANTAGES OF MAC OS X:

Compatibility. When connecting a peripheral (printer, digital camera, etc.) to the Mac,
the OS detects it automatically and you can use it without any problem, I mean that
There is no need to install the drivers from a CD.
The interface is intuitive. I mean that you can do everything with very few clicks.
the mouse.
 All your files are organized in your 'Home' folder, it's much simpler.
the organization and locate them.
The installation and uninstallation of programs is very simple, you open the file with
The "dmg" extension copies the app to the folder of your choice, preferably Applications.
And that's it, to uninstall you just delete the app file and that's it.
It is much cheaper than Windows and there is only one version, I mean that there is no
You have to choose between premium version, home basic, home premium, etc.
It is less vulnerable to viruses and malware.
All the drivers are provided by Apple, so there will be no problem with
compatibility between OS and hardware.
It contains cutting-edge hardware.

DISADVANTAGES:

There is not a large amount of software for Mac, compared to the amount that
it exists for others, although that is changing little by little.

It is not made to run the latest games, as they were created to

they can run on another more commercial OS (like Windows).

It is difficult to find someone who can provide support.

You can only configure the hardware at the time of purchasing the equipment.

Expensive Hardware.

The replacement of the parts is expensive and not everyone can do it.
Marco Technical Institute
Aurelio Soto
Subject:
Biology
Teacher:
Laura Argentina Juárez
Theme:
Branches of Biology
Presented by:
True Benjamin Turcios
Course:
I-1 BTP in Accounting and Finance
Place and date:
Goascorán, Valle. February 20, 2018