Experiment With Bottles
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ScribdTranslationsExperiment With Bottles
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ScribdTranslationsINTRODUCTION
We know that mathematics has been of great importance for the
society and for the industry as for engineering, that's why we see
It's important to reflect on how engineers make calculations.
approximately when building a bridge or when storing
water for the concrete mix, this work aims to reconstruct in a
very small scale of how long it takes for a container full of water to empty
with the help of calculus and differential equations.
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
Recognize and apply calculus theory to empty a container.
water with a content of 20cm?
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
Apply calculus theory to reconstruct and find the empty time of
recently approximately 20 cm tall.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Through practice, calculate the empty time of the container.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
APPLICATIONS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
FIRST ORDER TO TANK EMPTYING PROBLEMS.1
Many physical problems depend in some way on geometry. One
It is the outflow of liquid from a tank through an orifice located at
bottom of it. The geometric shape of the container determines the
physical behavior of water. Consider a container filled with water up to
a height h. Assume that water flows through an orifice of section
transversal 'a', which is located at the base of the tank. It is desired to establish
the height of liquid in the tank at any moment t and the time it is
delay in emptying.
Let h(t) be the height of liquid in the tank at any time t and V(t) the
volume of water in the tank at that moment. The speed v of the water that exits
through the hole is:
v = √(2 gh) Equation 1
where g is the gravity. Equation (1) represents the speed of a drop
of water would be acquired by falling freely from the surface of the water to the
hole.
In real conditions, one must take into account the contraction that occurs in a
jet of water in a hole, so it will have
v = c√(2 gh) Equation 2
Where c is the discharge coefficient ranging between 0 and 1 (0 < c < 1).
OBSERVATION
When the value of the discharge coefficient c is not indicated, it is assumed that c = 1
According to Torricelli's Law, the rate at which water exits through the hole
(variation of the liquid volume in the tank with respect to time) can be
1
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express as the area 'a' of the outlet orifice by the velocity v of the water
drained, this is
dt/dV = -av Equation 3
If A(h) denotes the area of the horizontal cross-section of the tank at height
by applying the method of volume by cross-sectional areas, it is obtained
Equation 4
deriving with respect to t and applying the fundamental theorem of calculus
dV/dt = A(h) dh/dt Equation 5
Comparing equations (3) and (5)
A(h)dh/dt=-ac√(2 gh) equation 6
Results obtained:
With the tip of 1p ½= the time was
With the tip of 2p = the time was
With the tip of 2p ½= the time was
With the tip of 3p = the time was
With the 3p ½ tip, the time was
With the 4p spike, the time was
Resources:
6 plastic bottles (of the common water ones).
6 of different sizes (1p ½, 2p, 2p1/2, 3p, 3p1/2, 4p) p = inches.
1 stopwatch.
METHODOLOGY
Using the previously mentioned materials, make:
Make a hole in each jar of water with the different tips.
2. Calculate the drainage time with the stopwatch.
CONCLUSIONS:
The drainage in each container is directly proportional to the hole made.
with the tip.
The independent variable for our work is the amount of water and the
The dependent variable is the size of the hole and the time.