Summary and Keywords
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Living beings are made up of cells (unicellular and multicellular).
Biological specimens can be very small, for this reason,
we frequently use an optical instrument that magnifies the image,
called microscope. Everything started in the early 17th century with the
study of the structure and cellular functions, there a world was discovered
tiny, not detectable by the human eye. The first observations
the red blood cells were performed by Fierre Borel in 1656, in
1665 Robert Hooke introduced the term cell to describe the structure of
cork and in 1674, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed unicellular organisms
lives.
Over time, the lenses were refined and transformed into
optical microscopes.
Optical microscope:
This magnificent instrument (magnifies) and focuses the rays of light by
lens medium. Light rays can be natural or artificial, in
in the case of artificial light, the light source is located below the
specimen. It is used to study small and thin portions of
specimens in longitudinal or transversal sections.
Optical system:
Lamp: Source of electric light
2. Condenser: A lens system that concentrates light on the
preparation (It has a screw that allows to move this)
device)
3. The diaphragm or iris: Located in the condenser, it allows for adjustment.
amount of light that comes from this towards the object to be observed.
4. Filter holder ring: Allows for the attachment of a color filter.
capacitor.
5. Ocular: Increases the image formed by the objective.
6. Objectives
● Tracking(4x): The whole specimen is observed.
(to find)
Low power (10x): (Focus)
High power (40x): (See with more details)
● From immersion oil (100x): It is used with oil (It
add before changing the objective)
Mechanical system:
Base or bottom: Lower part, held for transportation.
2. Arm or column: Lateral structure.
3. Platinum: Used to hold the slides.
4. Pipe: Metal cylinder
5. Revolver: Rotating piece that has different objective lenses
6.Focusing screws: To achieve the focus of the preparation
to observe.
Micrometric Screw: It is the largest one. It is used with
the goals of 4X and 10X.
Micrometric Screw: It is the smallest size, used
to move the stage small distances to
refine the focus. Employees with the goals of 40X and
100X.
Stereomicroscope:
Useful for observing large objects, the light source can be
reflected by an external source (lamp) or transmitted through the
specimen from a mirror beneath the platform or base.
Keywords:
Resolution power: Minimum distance that must exist between two
points of the object so that they appear separated. The quality of a
image (clarity and richness of details) depends on the power of
resolution of the microscope.
Minimum distance that must exist between two points of the object for it to
are displayed separately. The quality of an image (clarity and richness
The details depend on the resolving power of the microscope.
Optical microscopy: Optical microscopy allows us to understand the
microstructure of biological and inorganic samples through the
interaction with a beam of light (photons).
Electron microscopy: it uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam
of light to form an image. It has a great depth of field,
which allows a large part of the sample to be focused on at the same time.
Scanning microscopy: It is mainly used to increase the
contrast between the light and dark parts of uncolored cells.
It is ideal for thin specimens or isolated cells. The microscope
The phase illuminates the specimen with a hollow cone of light, as in the
dark field microscope.