TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF

33/11 KV, 5 MVA POWER TRANSFORMER

1
 1. Technical Specification of 33/11 KV, 5 MVA Power Transformer

2. GENERAL
This section of the document includes the design, manufacture, testing & inspection of 33/11KV, 5 MVA, Power
transformers as specified.

3. CLIMATE DATA
The distribution transformers to be supplied against this tender shall be suitable for satisfactory use under the following
climatic condition:

Climate : ` Tropical, intense sunshine, heavy rain, humid.

Maximum Temperature : 400 C
Minimum Temperature : 030 C
Maximum yearly weighted average temperature : 300 C
Relative Humidity : 50-100%
Annual mean Relative Humidity : 75%
Average annual rain fall : 3454 mm
Maximum wind velocity : 200 km/ hour
Maximum altitude above the sea level : Sea level to 300 metres
Atmospherically, Mechanical and Chemical impurities: Moderately polluted
The information is given solely as a guide for Tenders and no responsibility for its, accuracy will be accepted nor will
any claim based on the above be entertained.
Transformer supplied under this contract will be installed in tropical locations that can be considered hostile to its proper
operation. Particular problems that shall receive special consideration relate to operation in a hot environment and
presence of the insects and vermin.

4. SYSTEM PARTICULARS
SL. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS VOLTAGE LEVEL
NO.
1. Normal System Voltage, kV (Voltage Class) 230 132 33 11
3. Maximum System Voltage, kV 245 145 36 12
4. System Frequency, Hz 50 50 50 50
5. Phase Rotation (Anti-Clock wise) RST RST RST RST
6. Type of System Grounding Solid Solid Solid Solid
7. Rated Fault Level (3-Phase Symmetrical), MVA 3 16300 6000 1500 500
sec.
8. Basic Insulation Level, kV 750 650 170 75

5. STANDARDS
The equipment specified in this Section of the contract shall conform to the latest edition of the appropriate IEC
specifications and other recognized international standard. In particular:

IEC 76-1 Power transformers (General).

IEC 76-2 Power transformers (Temperature Rise).
IEC 76-3 Power transformers (Insulation Levels, Dielectric Tests and External Clearance in air).
IEC 76-5 Power transformers (Ability to Withstand short circuit)
IEC 137 Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 kV.
IEC 156 Method of determination of electrical strength of insulating oils.
IEC 296 Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear.
IEC 551 Measurement of transformer and reactor sound levels.
IEC 616 Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers.
IEC 722 Guide to lightning and switching impulse testing of power transformers.
IEC 5493 Protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion.

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 6. Technical Specification:

Sl. Description Unit Standard Requirement

No.
1 Rated MVA (ONAN/ONAF) MVA 5
2 Number of Phases - 3 (Three)
3 Frequency Hz 50
4 Winding Insulation - Uniform
5 Normal Transformation Ratio at No-load KV 33/11
6 Rated HT Voltage (Phase to Phase) KV 33
7 Maximum HT Voltage (Phase to Phase) KV 36
8 Rated LT Voltage (Phase to Phase) KV 11
9 Maximum LT Voltage (Phase to Phase) KV 12
10 Rated Current HT (ONAN/ONAF) A
11 Rated Current LT (ONAN/ONAF) A
12 Basic Insulation Level:
a. High voltage winding KV 170
b. Low voltage winding KV 75
13 Installation - Outdoor, Tropical, High rainfall & Humidity.
14 Type - Core, Conservator & Oil Immersed
15 No of windings - 2
16 Type of Windings - Double Wound of Electrolytic Copper, free from burs
and splinter.
17 Type of Cooling - ONAN/ ONAF
18 Coolant - Mineral Oil as per IEC-60296
19 Type of System Earthing - Effectively Earthed
20 Bushing Material - Porcelain
21 Type of Base - On Wheels on wheels with adequate size and 10M
length of rails and fixing arrangement.
22 Direction of Normal Power Flow - HT-LT
23 Phase connection :( -) -
a. 33 KV winding with bushing CT Delta
b. 11 KV winding with bushing CT Star
24 Vector Group - Dyn11
25 Neutral to be brought out: -
a. HT Nil
b. LT Yes
26 Neutral Insulation - Full insulation and 100% loading capacity
27 Maximum Temperature rise over 400C ambient at full
load & tap change is at normal position:
0C 65
Winding by Resistance (0C)
0C 60
Oil by Thermometer (0C)
Test Voltage
28 Impulse Front Wave Test Voltage (1.2/50 Micro Sec.
Wave Shape):
a. High voltage side KV 170
b. Low voltage Side KV 75
29 Power Frequency withstand Test Voltage for 1 (one)
Minute:
a. High voltage side KV 70
b. Low voltage Side KV 28
30 Short Circuit MVA Available
a. At 33KV MVA 1500
3
 b. At 11kv MVA 500
31 Impedance Voltage at 750C, at normal ratio and % 7%
rated frequency, and at ONAN condition.

32 Type of tap changer control

33 Features - The tap changer will be on load auto regulation, remote
control and manual. The on-load tap changer will be
immersed in the transformer tank. The diverter switch
compartment will be provided with its own oil conservator
which, will not be connected to the
transformer oil tank.
34 - The diverter switch can easily be lifted out of its tank for
maintenance and inspection without opening the transformer
cover. The on-load tap changer will operate by means of a
motor drive unit. This unit will install on the side of the
transformer.
35 On Load Tap changer (OLTC) with motor drive - MR, Germany/ABB, Sweden
unit manufacturer’s name & country
Tapping Range: -
a. HT 17 Tapping  10% in steps of 1.25% i.e. 33 KV  8 x
b. LT 1.25%

Nill
36 Power Frequency withstand test voltage between first and KV 75
last contracts of the selector switch between diverter
and switch contract.
37 Maximum flux density in iron at normal voltage and
frequency and at normal ratio (ONAF condition)
a. Cores Tesla < 1.7
b. Yokes Tesla To be mentioned
38 1. No load losses at rated voltage, ratio and KW 4 - 4.5 KW
frequency.
2. Full Load losses at rated voltage, normal KW To be mentioned
ratio & frequency in ONAN condition at
750C. KW 32-35 KW
3. Full Load losses at rated voltage, normal ratio KW To be mentioned
KW To be mentioned
& frequency in ONAF condition at 750C.
4. Auxiliary Losses
5. Total Loss (a + c + d)
39 Bushing CT 33KV for differential protection
Ratio A 400/5A
Rated Output VA 20 VA (Burden)
Accuracy Class - 5P20
40 Bushing CT 11KV for differential protection
Ratio A 1200/5A
Rated Output VA 20 VA (Burden)
Accuracy Class - 5P20
41 Neutral Bushing CT 11KV for Standby Earth Fault (SEF) & Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection
Ratio A 1200/5-5A
Rated Output VA 20 VA (Burden)
Accuracy Class - 5P20

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42 Standard - Design, Manufacture, Testing, Installation and Performance
shall be in accordance to the latest
editions of the relevant IEC standards.

43 Transformer Oil

Application - Insulating mineral oil for Transformer. It will be free

from PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl)
Grade of oil - Class-1

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance - Liquid and free from suspended matter or sediment
Density at 200 C - 0.895 g/cm3 (maximum)
Flash point (Closed cup) - 1400 C (minimum)
Kinematics Viscosity at -150 C - 800 c St. (Maximum)
Kinematics Viscosity at 200 C - 40 c St. (Maximum)
Pour point - -300 C (maximum)
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Dielectric Strength at 50 Hz (with 2.5 mm standard gap - New untreated oil, shall go through filtration treatment before
and 40 mm standard depth) the oil are introduced into the apparatus or equipment. The
break down voltage of this oil shall be at least 50KV.
Loss tangent/Dielectric dissipation factor at temp. 900 C, - 0.005 (maximum)
stress 500V/mm to 1000 v/mm and
frequency 40 Hz to 62 Hz.
44 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Neutralization value - 0.03 mg KOH/g (maximum)
45 Neutralization value after oxidation - 0.40 mg KOH/g (maximum)
Total sludge after oxidation - 0.10% weight (maximum)
PCB Content - Free from PCB
STANDARDS - Performance and testing of oil shall comply with the latest
revision of the relevant standards BS 148 : 1972, IEC-
60296 or latest revision there on.

5
46 FEATURES & ACCESSORIES OF TRANSFORMER:
a. Bushing Insulator on HT and LT.
b. Arcing horns on HT and LT bushings.
c. Remote Tap Changer Control (RTCC) facility in Transformer HT incoming PCM Panel.
d. Oil conservator.
e. Buchholz relays in main conservator oil pipe.
f. Tap Changer Protective Relay in between conservative and tap changer oil pipe.
g. Conservator drain valve, breather and oil level gauge with alarm contact.
h. Pressure Relief Device (PRD).
i. Dial type thermometers with alarm and trip contracts.
j. CT for winding temperature shall be located at mid-phase (Y-phase) of the transformer.
k. Radiators.
l. One inspection hole with cover.
m. Facilities for lifting cover and coil assembly from tank.
n. Lifting lugs for lifting complete Transformer.
o. Base designed for rollers with bi-directional flanged rollers parallel to either Centre line.
p. Tank oil sampling, draining valve and oil centrifuging outlets.
q. Tank earthing points.
r. Fans for forced cooling (ONAF).
s. All mounting accessories including rails (2 Nos. rails each 10 Meter long).
t. All equipment should be fully tropicalized.
u. Painting to approved colour and shade.
v. Rating nameplate and diagram plate of stainless steel having engraved letters filled with black enamel paint.
w. The oil shall be supplied/ delivered in non-returnable sealed containers/ drums.
x. The oil shall be fresh, unused, cleaned and free from suspended matter or sediment.
y. The test shall be carried out on the oil as to be supplied without drying and degassing.
z. Uninhibited oils must not contain anti-oxidant additives.
aa. Laminated, detailed Schematic Diagram of Control Circuit of Transformer & Tap changer inside Marshalling kiosk.

7. ROUTINE TESTS
a. Measurement of insulation resistance.
b. Measurement of Voltage ratio test.
c. Measurement of winding resistance at Each Tap position.
d. Vector group test.
e. Measurement of no-load loss & current.
f. Measurement of short circuit impedance and load loss.
g. Power frequency (Separate source voltage) withstands test.
h. Transformer oil test.

8. TYPE TESTS
a. Temperature Rise Test
b. Lightning Impulse Test

9. SPECIAL TESTS
a. Short circuit withstands test report of HV-LV.
b. The contract will be cancelled if losses exceed the guaranteed value by an amount in excess of followings:

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 For 33 KV Feeders:

600-1200/5– 5A, 1st core 20 VA, acc. 0.2% & FS < 5 for metering
2nd core 20 VA, acc. 5P20 for protection.

For Bus Coupler with riser:

800-1600/5-5 1st core 20 VA, acc. 0.2% & FS < 5 for metering
2nd core 20 VA, acc. 5P20 for protection.

For 5 MVA, 33/11 kV Transformer 33kV feeders:

400-800/5-5-5, 1st core 20 VA, acc. 0.2% FS: 5 for

metering 2nd & 3rd core 20 VA, acc.
5P20 for protection.

The rated maximum system voltage 36 KV and nominal 33KV, BIL-170 KV and power
frequency withstand voltage for 1 min. 70 KV.

47. TRANSFORMER TANK

The Transformer Tank shall be welded construction fabricated from high tensile steel
plate and shall be designed to withstand full vacuum. The transformer shall have air
seal type oil conservator tank at the top.

a) The transformer tank and cover shall be fabricated from good commercial grade low
carbon steel suitable for welding and of adequate thickness.
b) The transformers tank shall be capable of withstanding full vacuum without deflection.
c) The plates (tank & Cover) shall have the following minimum thickness.

Length of Transformer Tank Minimum

Thickness
Side Plates Bottom Plates
Less than 2500 mm Min 6 mm Min 9 mm

Greater than 2500 mm Min 9 mm Min 12 mm

48. HT BUSHING:
Provide 3 porcelain outdoor type, oil filled, impulse tested bushing with arcing horns of standard gap and bolted type
terminal connectors, with head shrink rubber insulated cap suitable for connection to the incomes leads of ACSR
Gross Beak (636 MCM) conductor.

49. LT BUSHING:
Provide 4 porcelain outdoor type bushing with bolted type connectors, suitable for connection to outgoing leads of two
numbers of 240 Sq.mm XLPE, single core copper conductors per phase and suitable for head shrink termination.

50. FAULT CONDITIONS:

The transformer shall be capable of withstanding, on any tapping, for three seconds without damage an external short circuit
between phases. The transformer winding shall be capable of withstanding for three seconds without damage a short circuit
between one phase and earth with the neutral of the transformer directly earthed. For the purposes of this clause a fault
level of 1500 MVA at the transformer 33KV terminals shall be assumed.
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Evidence shall be submitted with the Tender as to the extent to which the manufacturer has provided or is able to prove
either by calculation or test the ability of the specified transformers to withstand on any tapping, without damage
under service conditions, the terminal and dynamic effects of external short circuit.
The Bid shall state tin the Technical Schedule a brief description of those transformers or parts thereof, which have
been subjected to short circuit tests or for which short circuit calculations are available. It is preferred that this
information relates to designs comparable with the transformers bidder but in the event this is not so the Engineer reserves
the right to require calculating to prove that the design of transformers tendered will satisfactorily comply with this clause :
such calculations being in accordance with the latest revision of IEC/ BS standard.

51. FLUX DENSITY:

Cores shall constructed from clod rolled grain oriented steel sheets. Provided the contractor can provide adequate evidence
that there will be no adverse effects due to stray flux heating of core with the quality of steel employed, designs may be
offered such that when operating under the most onerous conditions, flux density in any part of the magnetic circuit does
not exceed 1.7 Tesla.

The Contractor shall determine the operating conditions under which the maximum flux density will be attained within
the following simultaneously applied limits.

Frequency : 50 Hz
LV and HV Voltage : Up to but not exceeding the specified maximum System voltage.
Load : The transformer may be subjected to intermittent overloading of 150% rated MVA at 0.8 power
factor lagging in accordance with IEC-60035.

The maximum flux densities anticipated under these conditions are to be stated in Technical Schedules (GTP).

52. WINDINGS:
The transformer windings shall have uniform insulation as defined in the latest revision of IEC standard. The transformers
shall be designed to withstand the impulse voltage levels and the power frequency voltage tests specified in the
Technical Schedules.
The winding shall be located in a manner which will ensure and that they remain Electro-statically balanced and that
their magnetic centers remain coincident under all conditions of operation.
The winding shall also be thoroughly seasoned during manufacture by the application of axial pressure at a high
temperature for such length of time as will ensure that further shrinkage is unlikely to occur in service.
All electrical connections within windings shall be brazed to withstand the shocks, which may occur through rough
handling and vibration during transport switching and other transient service conditions.
Coil clamping rings shall be of the on on-magnetic steel or insulating materials built up from flat laminations. Auxiliary
laminated material other then Bakelite paper is not to be used.
Where Bakelite paper rings are used with the layers of paper lying in the axial direction, the rings may be relied upon
to provide the major insulation between the windings and frame subject to there being adequate creepage distance.
Any metal pieces in contact with laminated rings shall be designed and secured so that they do not weaken the
electrical or the mechanical properties of the rings.
If the winding is built up of section or of disc-coils separated by spacers, the clamping arrangement shall be ensure
that equal pressure are applied to all columns of spacers.

53. TECHNICAL ORIENTATION AND QUALITY TEST WITNESS :

The Purchaser shall have the right to inspect/test the goods/materials to confirm their conformity to the specification.
The purchaser shall be entitled at all reasonable time during manufacture to inspect, examine and test of goods/materials
at the manufacturers’ premises, workmanship and performance.
The following test (not limited to) shall be carried out as per latest version of IEC or equivalent standard unless
otherwise mentioned at the manufacturer premises or other places where the test facilities are available:-

8
Technical Specification of 33/.415KVA, 200KVA Transformer

1. GENERAL SPECIFICATION:

1. Installation Outdoor, Tropical, High Rainfall &

Humidity
2. Type Core
3. Coolant Mineral oil
4. Method of Cooling ONAN
5. Phases 3 (Three)
6. Frequency 50 Hz.
7. Winding Two windings of high conductivity
copper
8. KVA Rating 200 KVA
9. Rated Voltage at no-load 33/0.415 kV
10. Vector Group Dyn11
11. Percentage Impedance at 750C, % 4%
12. No Load Loss Max430 Watts
13. Load loss at 750 C Max 2800 Watts
14. Maximum Temperature Rise at full a 650C for Winding measured by
load Over 400C ambient temperature ) Resistance Method.
with tap changer in principal position. b 600C for Top Oil measured by
) Thermometer Method.

2. Major Components

H.T Winding :
Nominal rated voltage 33 kV
Maximum system voltage 36 kV
Basic insulation level (minimum) 170 kV
+1x2.5%, 0, -3x2.5% of rated kV & all fully
Tap Changer rated capacity. Tap Changer shall be off load
type, manually
operated from an external five-position
mechanism.
Inter phase connection Delta
Bushings Porcelain, outdoors type with arcing horns of
standard gap, mounted on top of tank. Quantity -
3 Nos.
Power frequency withstand voltage 70 kV
for one minute
L.T Winding :
Nominal rated voltage 415 volts
Highest system voltage 457 volts
Inter phase connection Y (Wye) with neutral brought out.
Bushings Porcelain, outdoor type, mounted on the side of
tank. (Longest side) Quantity – 4 nos.
Power frequency withstand voltage
for 2.5 kV
one minute

Transformer Oil :
9
 Application Insulating mineral oil for Transformer. It will
be free from PCB (Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl)
Grade of oil Class-1
a) Physical Properties
Appearance Liquid and free from suspended matter or
sediment
Density at 200 C 0.895 g/cm3 (Maxm.)
Flash point (Closed cup) 1400 C (Minm.)
Kinematics Viscosity at -150 C 800 cSt. (Maxm.)
Kinematics Viscosity at 200 C 40 cSt. (Maxm.)
Pour point -300 C (Maxm.)
b) Electrical Properties
Dielectric Strength at 50 Hz (with 2.5 New untreated oil, shall go through filtration
mm standard gap and 40 mm standard treatment before the oils are introduced into the
depth) apparatus or equipment. The break down
voltage of this oil shall
be more than 50 kV.
Loss tangent/Dielectric dissipation
factor at temp. 900 C, stress 500V/mm 0.005 (Maxm.)
to 1000 V/mm and frequency 40 Hz to
62 Hz.
c) Chemical Properties
Neutralization value 0.03 mg KOH/g (Maxm.)
Neutralization value after oxidation 0.40 mg KOH/g (Maxm.)
Total sludge after oxidation 0.10% weight (Maxm.)
PCB Content Free from PCB (Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl)
d) Standards Performance and testing of oil shall comply
with the
latest revision of the relevant standards BS
148 : 1972, IEC-60296 or latest revision there
on.

3. Features and Accessories

a) All bolts and nuts connected with transformer tank, conservator, radiator etc. shall be of
non-ferrous metal. If it is ferrous metal, it shall be hot dip galvanized as per standard
ASTM A90/ BS EN ISO 1461:1999.
b) Lugs for lifting & towing complete unit.
c) Facilities for lifting core & coil assembly.
d) Base designed for platform mounting on poles.
e) First filling of new oil shall comply to the latest revision of IEC-60296 standard or other
equivalent standards.
f) Each H.T. bushing shall have bolted type bimetallic connector suitable for
accommodating ACSR conductor having Dia. range from 9mm to 14.5mm.
g) Each L.T. bushing shall have bolted type bimetallic connector for accommodating
copper/AAC of area range 2x70mm2 to 2x120mm2 .
h) The L.T. bushing shall be installed on the side/ top lengthwise of the transformer body.
However radiator shall be avoided on this side on the body.
i) Dial thermometer for oil temperature mounted on L.T. side of the tank.
j) Earthing terminals at the bottom corners of Tank.
k) Name plate with transformer rating & winding diagram made of stainless steel shall
have engraved letters filled with black enamel.
l) The tank & radiator or flanged radiator shall be painted with two coats of gray finishing
10
 paint on suitable prime coats.
m) Transformer capacity with Sl.No. and BPDB Contract No. should be marked with
emboss/ engrave on the transformer tank adjacent to name plate easily visible from
ground.
n) HT and LT bushing shall be outdoor porcelain type
o) Set of sundries such as similar wiring terminals boards and glands for multi-core
0.415KV Power cables, 33KV terminal connectors suitable for ACSR etc.

For Conservator Type :

a) Transformer tank completes with covers, necessary openings & gaskets.
b) Complete oil preservation system consisting of an oil conservator with shut-off valve oil
level gauge. The system shall have valve for filter press inlet & oil drain. The oil
sampling valve & dehydrating breather shall be provided.

4. System Parameters

Electrical Network Parameters:

Network
Parameter
33 kV 11 kV 0.4 kV Aux.
Nominal Voltage 33 kV 11 kV 0.4/0.23 kV
Rated System Voltage 33 kV 11.55 kV 0.415/0.240
Highest System Voltage 36 kV 13.2 kV 0.440 kV
3phase 4 wire with
Number of Phases 3 3 ph,4 wire
PME system
Frequency 50Hz 50Hz 50 Hz
Neutral Point Effective Earthing Solid Earthing Solid Earthing
3 Phase Short Circuit Capability 31.5 kA 31.5 kA 12 kA
Duration of Short Circuit
for power transformers 3 sec 3 sec 3 sec
for other electrical equipment 3 sec 3 sec 3 sec

Impulse Withstand Voltage

for Substation Equipment 170 kVp 75 kVp

for Transformer Windings 170 kVp 75 kVp

for Neutral Point -Equipment 125 kVp 70 kVp
for Neutral Point -Transformer 75 kvp 28 kvp

Power Freq. Withstand Voltage

for Substation Equipment 75 kV 28 kV 2 kV

for Transformer Windings
70 kV 28 kV
for Neutral Point -
50 kV 28 kV
equipment
70 kV 28 kV
for Neutral Point -Transformer

Min creepage distance (mm/kV) 20 mm 20 mm

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 for highest rated voltage 25 mm 25 mm

Indoor exposed insulators

Outdoor exposed
insulators
In accordance with IEC 60071
Minimum clearance in air
2750 mm 2590 mm
Minimum clearance between walkway
and the lowest live point
Minimum safety clearance between 2500 mm 2500 mm
ground and the lowest point not at (Outdoor) (Outdoor)
earth potential of any insulator
Minimum clearance between live parts 381 mm 200 mm
and earth
Minimum clearance between live
fixed metal of different phases 432 mm 250 mm
Minimum total air gap between terminal
of same pole of disconnectors 432 mm 250 mm

Technical Specification for 11/0.415kv 2500 KVA sub station

1. Specification:

Sl. No. Items Specification

Installation Outdoor, Tropical, High Rainfall and Humidity
Type Core
Coolant Mineral Oil
Method of Cooling ONAN
Phases 3 (Three)
Frequency 50 Hz
Winding Two Winding of high conductivity copper
KVA Rating 2500 KVA
Rated Voltage at no load 11/0.415 KV
Vector Group Dyn11
Percentage Impedance at 75 0C 6%
No Load Loss 2 KW
Full Load Loss at 75 0C 20 KW
Maximum Temperature Rise at full a. 65 0C winding measured by Resistance Method
load over 40 0C ambient temperature b. 60 0C for Top Oil measured by thermometer
with tap changer in principal position Method

2. Major Components:

HT Winding:

12
 Sl. No. Items Specification
Nominal Rated Voltage 11 KV
Maximum System Voltage 12 KV
Basic Insulation Level (minimum) 75 KV
Tap Changer +1X2.5%, -3X2.5% of rated kv and all fully rated
capacity. Tap changer shall be off load typ, manually
operated from an external five position mechanism.
Inter Phase Connection Delta
Power frequency withstand voltage 28 KV
for one minute

LT Winding:

Sl. No. Items Specification

Nominal Rated Voltage 415 V
Maximum System Voltage 457 V
Bushing Porcelain, outdoor type, mounted on top of tank, quantity-
4 nos
Inter Phase Connection Y with neutral brought out
Power frequency withstand voltage 2.5 KV
for one minute

Transformer Oil :
Application Insulating mineral oil for Transformer. It will be free
from PCB (Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl)
Grade of oil Class-1
a) Physical Properties
Appearance Liquid and free from suspended matter or sediment
Density at 200 C 0.895 g/cm3 (Maxm.)
Flash point (Closed cup) 1400 C (Minm.)
Kinematics Viscosity at -150 C 800 cSt. (Maxm.)
Kinematics Viscosity at 200 C 40 cSt. (Maxm.)
Pour point -300 C (Maxm.)
b) Electrical Properties
Dielectric Strength at 50 Hz (with 2.5 New untreated oil, shall go through filtration treatment
mm standard gap and 40 mm standard before the oils are introduced into the apparatus or
depth) equipment. The break down voltage of this oil shall
be more than 50 kV.
Loss tangent/Dielectric dissipation
factor at temp. 900 C, stress 500V/mm 0.005 (Maxm.)
to 1000 V/mm and frequency 40 Hz to
62 Hz.
c) Chemical Properties
Neutralization value 0.03 mg KOH/g (Maxm.)
Neutralization value after oxidation 0.40 mg KOH/g (Maxm.)
Total sludge after oxidation 0.10% weight (Maxm.)
PCB Content Free from PCB (Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl)
d) Standards Performance and testing of oil shall comply with the
latest revision of the relevant standards BS 148 : 1972,
IEC-60296 or latest revision there on.

3. Features and Accessories

13
 a. All bolts and nuts connected with transformer tank, conservator, radiator etc. shall be of non-
ferrous metal. If it is ferrous metal, it shall be hot dip galvanized as per standard ASTM
A90/ BS EN ISO 1461:1999.
b. Lugs for lifting & towing complete unit.
c. Facilities for lifting core & coil assembly.
d. Base designed for platform mounting on poles.
e. First filling of new oil shall comply to the latest revision of IEC-60296 standard or other equivalent
standards.
f. Each H.T. bushing shall have bolted type bimetallic connector suitable for accommodating
ACSR conductor having Dia. range from 9mm to 14.5mm.
g. Each L.T. bushing shall have bolted type bimetallic connector for accommodating
copper/AAC of area range 2x70mm2 to 2x120mm2 .
h. The L.T. bushing shall be installed on the side/ top lengthwise of the transformer body.
However radiator shall be avoided on this side on the body.
i. Dial thermometer for oil temperature mounted on L.T. side of the tank.
j. Earthing terminals at the bottom corners of Tank.
k. Name plate with transformer rating & winding diagram made of stainless steel shall have
engraved letters filled with black enamel.
l. The tank & radiator or flanged radiator shall be painted with two coats of gray finishing paint
on suitable prime coats.
m. Transformer capacity with Sl.No. should be marked with emboss/ engrave on the transformer
tank adjacent to name plate easily visible from ground.
n. HT and LT bushing shall be outdoor porcelain type

For Conservator Type :

a. Transformer tank completes with covers, necessary openings & gaskets.
b. Complete oil preservation system consisting of an oil conservator with shut-off
valve oil level gauge. The system shall have valve for filter press inlet & oil drain.
The oil sampling valve & dehydrating breather shall be provided.

Surge Arresters
Tenderers
Sl REB
Descriptio Unit Guarantee
No Requirement
n d Values
33 KV SURGE ARRESTER
1. Manufacturer‟s Name & Address Required
2. Class of diverter to IEC 99-4 Heavy duty, ZnO
3. Rated voltage (RMS) kV 30
4. Rated current kA 10
5. Neutral connection Effectivel
y earthed
6. Power frequency withstand voltage of housing:
Dry : kV 70 (RMS)
Impulse: kV 170
7. Lighting impulse residual voltage kV 100 peak
8. Steep current impulse residual voltage at 10 kV 110
kA or 1 S front time
9. Pressure relief device fitted? Y/N Required
10. Leakage current at rated voltage A Required
11. Minimum reset voltage V Required
12. MCOV kV 22 -27.5
14
 13. Total creepage distance mm Required
14. Surge monitor Required
15. Connecting Lead from LA terminal to surge Shall be
monitor: Insulated16 mm
copper cable
16. Overall dimension and Weight :
Height mm Required
Diameter mm Required
Total weight of arrester Kg. Required
Height mm Required

Tenderers
SI REB Guarantee
Descriptio Unit
No Requirement d Values
n
11 KV SURGE ARRESTER
1. Manufacturer‟s Name & Address Required
2. Class of diverter to IEC 99-4 Heavy duty, ZnO
3. Rated voltage (RMS) kV 10
4. Rated current kA 10
5. Neutral connection Effectively
earthed
6. Power frequency withstand voltage of housing: Required
Dry : kV 28(RMS)
Impulse: kV 70
7. Lighting impulse residual voltage kV Required
8. Steep current impulse residual voltage at 10
kA or 1 S front time kV Required
9. Pressure relief device fitted? Y/N Required
10. Leakage current at rated voltage A Required
11. Minimum reset voltage V Required
12. Total creepage distance mm Required
13. MCOV kV 7.65 -9.56
14. Surge monitor To be provided
15. Connecting Lead from LA terminal to surge Shall be Insulated
monitor: 16 mm2 copper
cable
16. Overall dimension and Weight :
Height mm Required
Diameter mm Required
Total weight of arrester Kg. Required
Height mm Required

15
The dielectric dissipation factor 0.005 ( tan delta of transformer oil - Tangent of the angle by which it is short of 90o
) is the dielectric losses in the transformer oil occurring during operation.

16
17
18
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Generally Differential protection is provided in the electrical power transformer rated more than 5MVA.
The Differential Protection of Transformer has many advantages over other schemes of protection.
The faults occur in the transformer inside the insulating oil can be detected by Buchholz relay. But if any fault occurs in
the transformer but not in oil then it can not be detected by Buchholz relay. Any flash over at the bushings are not
adequately covered by Buchholz relay. Differential relays can detect such type of faults. Moreover Buchholz relay is
provided in transformer for detecting any internal fault in the transformer but Differential Protection scheme detects the
same in more faster way.
The differential relays normally response to those faults which occur in side the differential protection zone of
transformer.

Differential Protection Scheme in a Power Transformer

Principle of Differential Protection
Principle of Differential Protection scheme is one simple conceptual technique. The differential relay actually compares
between primary current and secondary current of power transformer, if any unbalance found in between primary and
secondary currents the relay will actuate and inter trip both the primary and secondary circuit breaker of the transformer.
Suppose you have one transformer which has primary rated current Ip and secondary current Is. If you install CT of ratio
Ip/1A at the primary side and similarly, CT of ratio Is/1A at the secondary side of the transformer. The secondaries of these
both CTs are connected together in such a manner that secondary currents of both CTs will oppose each other.

In other words, the secondaries of both CTs should be connected to the same current coil of a differential relay in such an
opposite manner that there will be no resultant current in that coil in a normal working condition of the transformer. But if
any major fault occurs inside the transformer due to which the normal ratio of the transformer disturbed then the
secondary current of both transformers will not remain the same and one resultant current will flow through the current
coil of the differential relay, which will actuate the relay and inter trip both the primary and secondary circuit breakers. To
correct phase shift of current because of star-delta connection of transformer winding in the case of three-phase
transformer, the current transformer secondaries should be connected in delta and star as shown here.

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At maximum through fault current, the spill output produced by the small percentage unbalance may be substantial.
Therefore, differential protection of transformer should be provided with a proportional bias of an amount which exceeds
in effect the maximum ratio deviation.

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Restricted Earth Fault Protection of Transformer
An external fault in the star side will result in current flowing in the line current transformer of the affected phase and at
the same time a balancing current flows in the neutral current transformer, hence the resultant current in the relay is
therefore zero. So this REF relay will not be actuated for external earth fault. But during an internal fault, the neutral
current transformer only carries the unbalance fault current and operation of Restricted Earth Fault Relay takes place. This
scheme of restricted earth fault protection is very sensitive for internal earth fault of electrical power transformer. The
protection scheme is comparatively cheaper than differential protection scheme.
Restricted earth fault protection is provided in electrical power transformer for sensing internal earth fault of the
transformer. In this scheme, the CT secondary of each phase of an electrical power transformer are connected together as
shown in the figure. Then common terminals are connected to the secondary of a Neutral Current Transformer or NCT.

The CT or Current Transformer connected to the neutral of a power transformer is called Neutral Current Transformer or
Neutral CT or simply NCT. Whenever there is an unbalancing in between three phases of the power transformer, a
resultant unbalance current flow through the closed path connected to the common terminals of the CT secondaries. An
unbalance current will also flow through the neutral of the power transformer and hence there will be a secondary current
in Neutral CT because of this unbalance neutral current.
In Restricted Earth Fault scheme the common terminals of phase CTs are connected to the secondary of Neutral CT in
such a manner that secondary unbalance current of phase CTs, and the secondary current of Neutral CT will oppose each
other. If these both currents are equal in amplitude there will not be any resultant current circulates through the said closed
path. The Restricted Earth Fault Relay is connected in this closed path. Hence the relay will not respond even there is an
unbalancing in-phase current of the power transformer.

What is Standby Earth Fault Relay:

A Standby earth fault relay is nothing but an earth fault protection used to protect the generator, transformer,
and motor from the external earth fault (earth fault outside the zone. for example grid side earth fault).

As you know in electrical power system, the fault occurs due to various factors such as natural disturbance, lightning on
the transmission line, falling trees on the transmission lines, animal fall on the insulator, insulation failure, cable failure,
electrical equipment failure, etc.
In such fault is classified into two categories on is a symmetrical fault (L-L-L-G) and another one is an unsymmetrical
fault (L-G, L-L, L-L-G, L-L-L, and L-L-L-G).
In this, one of the relays is used to protect our system against L-G, L-L-G, L-L-L-G faults. The relay is called the Standby
Earth fault relay.
It is used to protect the system if the neutral current or unbalance current reaches the predetermined value, then the
standby earth fault relay operates.
Why it is called standby earth fault relay?
It is backup protection for restricted earth fault (REF) relay. It operates the CB when REF is failed to trip the circuit,
Heavy earth fault outside of the REF protective Zone, and all other earth faults. Simply we can say, it is standby
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protection for all other earth faults.
Standby Earth fault Relay Construction:
In Neutral side, one current transformer will be installed at a neutral side of the transformer or alternator.
The current reference will be taken from the neutral CT. On the panel side, and over a current element will be directly
connected with the CT reference.
Look at the image below, here the noted NCT is used only for stand by earth fault protection.

Note:
To get better operating performance from the Standby earth fault relay, we should provide a current reference to the relay
from individual CT or separate core output (if we use multi-core CT). The CT reference should not be shared with any
other equipment.

For alternators, we should install the current transformer separately. But power transformer or distribution transformer
comes with NCT (Neutral current transformer). We can take the current reference from the NCT.
Note: If you do not use the NCT output, then the CT secondary should be in short condition.
Standby Earth fault Relay Working Function:
Consider the Current in the three phases are I1, I2, and I3 the natural current is IN. During Normal condition, there is zero
current flow in the neutral.
Apply Kirchhoff’s current law,
I1 + I2 + I3 = IN = 0
The relay does not operate the trip circuit associated with the relay.
During the abnormal conditions, for example, there is a fault in phase R, hence the unbalance fault current goes to the
Neutral.
The current transformer reads the unbalance fault current and if the fault current exceeds the preset value, the relay
operates.

Note: In practical, always some amount of current flows in the Neutral typically 1-15 Amps depending upon the rating of
the equipment i.e for 25MW alternator IN= 10 -15 amps at full load. Because all the phases are exactly equal in magnitude
and phase.
What happens if the standby earth fault relay operates?

The standby earth fault protection creates a class A trip. Hence, Relay 51N operates, Master trip relay 96 operates, and the
circuit breaker 52 trips.
Note that A simple overcurrent relay can be used as standby earth fault protection.

Potential transformers
Electrical power systems typically operate at dangerously high voltage. It would be both impractical and unsafe to connect
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panel-mounted instruments directly to the conductors of a power system if the voltage of that power system exceeds
several hundred volts. For this reason, we must use a special type of step-down transformer referred to as a potential
transformer to reduce and isolate the high line voltage of a power system to levels safe for panel-mounted instruments to
input.
Shown here is a simple diagram illustrating how the high phase and line voltages of a three-phase AC power system may
be sensed by low-voltage voltmeters through the use of step-down potential transformers:

Potential transformers are commonly referred to as “PT” units in the electrical power industry. It should be noted that the
term “voltage transformer” and its associated abbreviation VT is becoming popular as a replacement for “potential
transformer” and PT.
When driving a voltmeter – which is essentially an open-circuit (very high resistance) – the PT behaves as a voltage
source to the receiving instrument, sending a voltage signal to that instrument proportionately representing the power
system’s voltage.
The following photograph shows a potential transformer sensing the phase-to-ground voltage on a three-phase power
distribution system. The normal phase voltage in this system is 7.2 kV (12.5 kV three-phase line voltage), and the PT’s
normal secondary voltage is 120 volts, necessitating a ratio of 60:1 (as shown on the transformer’s side):
Any voltage output by this PT will be of the actual phase voltage, allowing panel-mounted instruments to read a precisely
scaled proportion of the 7.2 kV (typical) phase voltage safely and effectively. A panel-mounted voltmeter, for example,
would have a scale registering 7200 volts when its actual input terminal voltage was only 120 volts. This is analogous to a
4-20 mA indicating meter bearing a scale labeled in units of “PSI” or “Degrees Celsius” because the 4-20 mA analog
signal merely represents some other physical variable sensed by a process transmitter. Here, the physical variable being
sensed by the potential transformer is still voltage, just at a 60:1 ratio greater than what the panel-mounted instrument
receives. Like the 4-20 mA DC analog signal standard so common in the process industries, 115 or 120 volts is the
standard potential transformer output voltage used in the electrical industry to represent normal power system voltage.
This next photograph shows a set of three PTs used to measure the voltage on a 13.8 kV substation bus. Note how each of
these PTs is equipped with two high-voltage insulated terminals to facilitate phase-to-phase (line voltage) measurements
as well as phase-to-ground:

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Another photograph of potential transformers appears here, showing three large PTs used to precisely step the phase-to-
ground voltages for each phase of a 230 kV system (230 kV line voltage, 133 kV phase voltage) all the way down to 120
volts for the panel-mounted instruments to monitor:

A loose-hanging wire joins one side of each PT’s primary winding to the respective phase conductor of the 230 kV bus.
The other terminal of each PT’s primary winding connects to a common neutral point, forming a Wye-connected PT
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transformer array. The secondary terminals of these PTs connect to two-wire shielded cables conveying the 120 volt
signals back to the control room where they terminate at various instruments. These shielded cables run through
underground conduit for protection from weather.
Just as with the previous PT, the standard output voltage of these large PTs is 120 volts, equating to a transformer turns
ratio of about 1100:1. This standardized output voltage of 120 volts allows PTs of any manufacture to be used with
receiving instruments of any manufacture, just as the 4-20 mA standard for analog industrial instruments allows
“interoperability” between different manufacturers’ brands and models.
A special form of instrument transformer used on very high-voltage systems is the capacitively-coupled voltage
transformer, or CCVT. These sensing devices employ a series-connected set of capacitors dividing the power line voltage
down to a lesser quantity before it gets stepped down further by an electromagnetic transformer. A simplified diagram of a
CCVT appears here, along with a photograph of three CCVTs located in a substation:

Current transformers
For the same reasons necessitating the use of potential (voltage) instrument transformers, we also see the use of current
transformers to reduce high current values and isolate high voltage values between the electrical power system conductors
and panel-mounted instruments.
Shown here is a simple diagram illustrating how the line current of a three-phase AC power system may be sensed by a
low-current ammeter through the use of a current transformer:

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When driving an ammeter – which is essentially a short-circuit (very low resistance) – the CT behaves as a current source
to the receiving instrument, sending a current signal to that instrument proportionately representing the power system’s
line current.
In typical practice, a CT consists of an iron toroid functioning as the transformer core. This type of CT does not have a
primary “winding” in the conventional sense of the word, but rather uses the line conductor itself as the primary winding.
The line conductor passing once through the center of the toroid functions as a primary transformer winding with exactly
1 “turn”. The secondary winding consists of multiple turns of wire wrapped around the toroidal magnetic core:

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With the power conductor serving as a single-turn winding, the multiple turns of secondary wire around the toroidal core
of a CT make it function as a step-up transformer with regard to voltage, and as a step-down transformer with regard to
current. The turns ratio of a CT is typically specified as a ratio of full line conductor current to 5 amps, which is a standard
output current for power CTs. Therefore, a 100:5 ratio CT outputs 5 amps when the power conductor carries 100 amps.
The turns ratio of a current transformer suggests a danger worthy of note: if the secondary winding of an energized CT is
ever open-circuited, it may develop an extremely high voltage as it attempts to force current through the air gap of that
open circuit. An energized CT secondary winding acts as a current source, and like all current sources, it will develop as
great potential (voltage) as it can when presented with an open circuit. Given the high voltage capability of the power
system being monitored by the CT, and the CT turns ratio with more turns in the secondary than in the primary, the ability
for a CT to function as a voltage step-up transformer poses a significant hazard.
Like any other current source, there is no harm in short-circuiting the output of a CT. Only an open circuit poses the risk
of damage. For this reason, CT circuits are often equipped with shorting bars and/or shorting switches to allow
technicians to place a short-circuit across the CT secondary winding before disconnecting any other wires in the circuit.
Later subsections will elaborate on this topic in greater detail.
Current transformers are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, to accommodate different applications. Here is a
photograph of a current transformer showing the “nameplate” label with all relevant specifications. This nameplate
specifies the current ratio as “100/5” which means this CT will output 5 amps of current when there are 100 amps flowing
through a power conductor passed through the center of the toroid:

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The black and white wire pair exiting this CT carry the 0 to 5 amp AC current signal to any monitoring instrument scaled
to that range. That instrument will see 1/20 (i.e. 5/100 ) of the current flowing through the power conductor.
The following photographs contrast two different styles of current transformer, one with a “window” through which any
conductor may be passed, and another with a dedicated busbar fixed through the center to which conductors attach at
either end. Both styles are commonly found in the electrical power industry, and they operate identically:
Here is a photograph of some much larger CTs intended for installation inside the “bushings” of a large circuit breaker,
stored on a wooden pallet:

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The installed CTs appear as cylindrical bulges at the base of each insulator on the high-voltage circuit breaker. This
particular photograph shows flexible conduit running to each bushing CT, carrying the low-current CT secondary signals
to a terminal strip inside a panel on the right-hand end of the breaker:

Signals from the bushing CTs on a circuit breaker may be connected to protective relay devices to trip the breaker in the
event of any abnormal condition. If unused, a CT’s secondary terminals are simply short-circuited at the panel.
Shown here is a set of three very large CTs, intended for installation at the bushings of a high-voltage power transformer.
Each one has a current step-down ratio of 600-to-5:

In this next photograph we see a tiny CT designed for low current measurements, clipped over a wire carrying only a few
amps of current. This particular current transformer is constructed in such a way that it may be clipped around an existing
wire for temporary test purposes, rather than being a solid toroid where the conductor must be threaded through it for
more permanent installation:

This CT’s ratio of 3000:1 would step down a 5 amp AC signal to 1.667 milliamps AC.
This last photograph shows a current transformer used to measure line current in a 500 kV substation switchyard. The
actual CT coil is located inside the red-colored housing at the top of the insulator, where the power conductor passes
through. The tall insulator stack provides necessary separation between the conductor and the earth below to prevent high
voltage from “jumping” to ground through the air:

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Current transformers
32
Principle of operation of CT
A current transformer is defined as “as an instrument transformer in which the secondary current is substantially
proportional to the primary current (under normal conditions of operation) and differs in phase from it by an angle which
is approximately zero for an appropriate direction of the connections.”
Current transformers are usually either “measuring” or “protective” types.
Some Definitions used for CT:
1) Rated primary current:
The value of primary current which appears in the designation of the transformer and on which the performance of the
current transformer is based.
2) Rated secondary current:
The value of secondary current which appears in the designation of the transformer and on which the performance of the
current transformer is based.
Typical values of secondary current are 1 A or 5 A. In the case of transformer differential protection, secondary currents
of 1/ root 3 A and 5/ root 3 A are also specified.
3) Rated burden:
The apparent power of the secondary circuit in Volt-amperes expressed at the rated secondary current and at a specific
power factor (0.8 for almost all standards)
4) Rated output:
The value of the apparent power (in volt-amperes at a specified power (factor) which the current transformer is intended
to supply to the secondary circuit at the rated secondary current and with rated burden connected to it.
5) Accuracy class:
In the case of metering CT s, accuracy class is typically, 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 3.
This means that the errors have to be within the limits specified in the standards for that particular accuracy class.
The metering CT has to be accurate from 5% to 120% of the rated primary current, at 25% and 100% of the rated burden
at the specified power factor.
In the case of protection CT s, the CT s should pass both the ratio and phase errors at the specified accuracy class,
usually 5P or 10P, as well as composite error at the accuracy limit factor of the CT.

Burden of CT:
Common burden ratings of CT: 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30VA.
The external load applied to the secondary of a current transformer is called the “burden”.
The burden of CT is the maximum load (in VA) that can be applied to the CT secondary.
The burden can be expressed in two ways.
The burden can be expressed as the total impedance in ohms of the circuit or the total volt-amperes (VA) and power factor
at a specified value of current or voltage and frequency.
Formerly, the practice was to express the burden in terms of volt-amperes (VA) and power factor, the volt-amperes being
what would be consumed in the burden impedance at rated secondary current (in other words, rated secondary current
squared times the burden impedance). Thus, a burden of 0.5Ωimpedance may be expressed also as “12.5 VA at 5
amperes,” if we assume the usual 5-ampere secondary rating. The VA terminology is no longer standard, but it needs
defining because it will be found in the literature and in old data.

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