Hardware Engineer Guide

For

Current Sensing

By Shimi Cohen
Current Sensing Guide

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 CURRENT SENSING METHODS 5

3 LOW/HIGH SIDE SENSING 8

4 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL (ADC) 10

5 DIGITAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES 11

6 IMPLEMENTATION & COMPONENTS 12

7 DESIGN CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS 14

8 CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES 16

9 PCB LAYOUT 17

10 SOFTWARE CONSIDERATIONS 18

11 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 20

12 STEP-BY-STEP DESIGN 23

Author Date Version Changes

Shimi Cohen 10/4/2025 1.0 First Draft

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Current Sensing Guide

1 Introduction
1.1 The Basics

Current sensing is a fundamental technique in electronic systems for measuring the flow of
electrical current. Precise current measurement enables critical functions, including:

• Power management and optimization

• Overcurrent protection and fault detection

• Battery charging and monitoring

• Motor control

• Load detection and analysis

• Energy metering and monitoring

This guide provides comprehensive coverage of current sensing techniques, implementation

considerations, and practical circuit designs. The information presented will help engineers
select the most suitable current sensing solutions for their specific applications and design
requirements.

We will discuss important topics related to current measurement:

• Sensing Methods

• Shunt Resistors

• High-Side vs. Low-Side

• Analog-to-Digital Conversion
• Implementation Examples

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Current Sensing Guide

1.2 Sensing Principles

Current sensing relies on fundamental electromagnetic principles, primarily:

OHM'S LAW: Measuring voltage drop across a known resistance

FARADAY'S LAW: Detecting induced voltage in a coil by changing magnetic field

HALL EFFECT: Measuring voltage generated perpendicular to current flow in a conductor

Each principle forms the basis for different sensing technologies:

Principle Primary Advantage Main Limitation

Ohm's Law Simplicity, low cost Power dissipation
Faraday's Law Galvanic isolation Limited frequency response
Hall Effect Wide current range Temperature sensitivity

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Current Sensing Guide

2 Current Sensing Methods

2.1 Techniques

SHUNT RESISTOR
Operating Principle
Current flows via a precision resistor, which generates a voltage drop
This voltage is measured, amplified, and filtered to determine current flow.

Key Characteristics
• Resistance Value: Normally 0.1Ω to 0.001Ω for power applications
• Power Rating: Must handle 𝐼²𝑅 power without excessive heating
• Temperature Coefficient: The Lower the Better (< 20 𝑝𝑝𝑚/°𝐶 preferred)
• Construction: Four-terminal connections (2 for current and 2 for voltage)

Design Considerations
1. Resistance Selection

• Lower resistance reduces power loss but decreases signal amplitude

• Higher resistance improves signal-to-noise ratio but increases power dissipation

2. Signal-to-Noise Ratio

• Minimum voltage drop typically 20-50mV for acceptable SNR

• Maximum practical voltage drop usually 100-200mV to limit power loss

3. Power Dissipation

• Adequate thermal management required to maintain accuracy

• Check Power over Shunt Resistor - 𝑃 = 𝐼² × 𝑅

Package Max Power (Typical) Notes

2512 1W – 2W Great for high current shunts
2010 0.75W – 1W Good balance of size & power
1206 0.25W – 0.5W Most used in mid-current
0805 0.125W – 0.25W Standard for low-mid power
0603 0.1W Best for sensing, not power

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Current Sensing Guide

CURRENT TRANSFORMER SENSOR

Current transformers (CTs) offer galvanic isolation and are ideal for measuring AC currents.

Operating Principle
A CT works by electromagnetic induction. The primary conductor passes through a magnetic
core, inducing a current in a secondary winding proportional to the primary current

Key Characteristics
• Turns Ratio: Determines current reduction factor
• Frequency Response: Normally 20Hz to 100kHz
• Burden Resistor: Converts secondary current to measurable voltage
• Linearity: Core saturation limits maximum measurable current

Design Considerations
1. Core Selection
• Ferrite: Higher frequency, lower cost
• Silicon steel: Higher permeability, better low-frequency response
• Nanocrystalline: Best overall performance, highest cost
2. Burden Resistor Selection
• Higher resistance increases output voltage
• Excessive resistance causes core saturation
• Typical values: 10Ω to 100Ω
3. Frequency Limitations
• Lower limit determined by core permeability
• Upper limit determined by parasitic capacitance and core losses
4. DC Current Components
• Standard CTs cannot measure DC
• DC components cause core saturation
• Solutions include air gaps or hall-effect

Applications
1. AC power monitoring
2. Variable frequency drives
3. Power quality analysis
4. Ground fault detection

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Current Sensing Guide

HALL EFFECT SENSOR

Hall effect sensors measure current through its magnetic field without direct connection.

Operating Principle
A Hall element generates a voltage perpendicular to the direction of current flow when
exposed to a magnetic field.

Key Characteristics
• Sensitivity: 1-5 mV/G (gauss)
• Frequency Response: DC to 100kHz
• Temperature Dependence: Requires compensation
• Output Type: Linear voltage, digital switching, or current output

Hall Sensor Configurations

1. Open-Loop
• Direct measurement of Hall voltage
• Subject to temperature drift
• Lower accuracy (1-3%)
2. Closed-Loop
• Feedback coil nulls the magnetic field
• Better linearity and temperature stability
• Higher accuracy (0.5-1%)

Design Considerations
1. Magnetic Circuit
• Concentrates magnetic field around Hall element
• Reduces susceptibility to external fields
• Improves linearity and sensitivity
2. Temperature Compensation
• Critical for accuracy across temperature range
• Modern ICs include integrated temperature compensation
• Typical drift: 50-200 ppm/°C
3. Zero Offset
• Values at zero current
• Requires calibration

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Current Sensing Guide

3 Low/High Side Sensing

3.1 Low-Side Sensing

METHODE:
Current sensor between the load and ground:

ADVANTAGES:
• Simple implementation
• Common-mode voltage near ground
• Easy interface to ADCs and amplifiers

DISADVANTAGES:
• Cannot detect ground faults
• Disrupts ground path
• Load no longer directly grounded

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Current Sensing Guide

3.2 High-Side Sensing

METHOD:
Current sensor between the power source and load.

ADVANTAGES:
• Detects all load faults, including ground faults
• Maintains direct ground connection to load
• Required for battery monitoring

DISADVANTAGES:
• Common-mode voltage equals supply voltage
• Requires specialized amplifiers or isolation
• More complex circuit design

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Current Sensing Guide

4 Analog-to-Digital (ADC)
Analog To Digital Conversion converts the measured Voltage levels indicating the current
into Values that can be read by a Controller or Processor (e.g., MCU, FPGA)

4.1 Key Specifications

RESOLUTION
• Determines smallest detectable current change
• 12-bit common for general applications
• 16-24 bit for precision measurements
• Effective resolution is often limited by noise

SAMPLING RATE
• Determines highest measurable frequency component
• Practical systems use up to 10 times oversampling for accuracy

INPUT RANGE
• Must match conditioned signal output
• Programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs) extend effective range

ARCHITECTURE
• SAR (Successive Approximation Register): Good general-purpose choice
• Delta-Sigma: Highest precision, lower speed (24 bit, <100kSPS)
• Flash: Highest speed, lower resolution (8-10 bit, >100MSPS)

EXTERNAL VS. INTERNAL

• MCUs often include built-in ADCs for basic current or voltage monitoring.

• Integrated ADCs offer moderate performance,

• External (stand-alone) ADCs deliver higher performance.

• MCUs communicate with external ADCs via interfaces like SPI or I²C.

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Current Sensing Guide

5 Digital Processing Techniques

Values read from ADC need to be processed properly to increase accuracy and reliability.

5.1 Common Methodes

OVERSAMPLING
• Improves effective resolution
• √N improvement with N× oversampling
• Combined with digital filtering

AVERAGING
• Reduces random noise
• Simple moving average or weighted methods
• Trade-off between noise reduction and response time

CALIBRATION
• Zero calibration (offset correction)
• Gain calibration (slope correction)

DIGITAL FILTERING
• FIR filters for linear phase response
• IIR filters for efficient implementation
• Adaptive filters for changing conditions

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Current Sensing Guide

6 Implementation & Components

6.1 Common Requirements

AMPLIFICATION
• Gain selection to match ADC input range
• Precision amplifiers with low offset voltage
• Low temperature drift characteristics

FILTERING
• LPF to remove noise
• Anti-aliasing filter before ADC sampling
• Notch filters for specific interference frequencies

PROTECTION
• Overvoltage protection with clamp diodes
• Current limiting resistors
• Isolation for high voltage applications

6.2 Current Sensor Structure

Current sensing requires essential elements as followed:

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Current Sensing Guide

6.3 Differential OPAMP Examples

Part Number Manufacturer Gain CMRR Bandwidth Package

INA240 TI 20/50/100/200 140dB 400kHz SOT-23, SOIC
AD8210 Analog 20 120dB 450kHz SOIC
MAX40056 Maxim 25/50/100 135dB 1MHz µMAX
ZXCT1107 Diodes 10/20 100dB 200kHz SOT-23

6.4 Stand-Alone ADCs

Manufacturer Component Comm Resolution Sample Rate

Texas Instruments ADS8881 SPI 18-bit 1 MSPS
Analog Devices AD7980 SPI 16-bit 1 MSPS
Microchip MCP3551 SPI 22-bit 3.75 MSPS
Maxim Integrated MAX11166 SPI 16-bit 3 MSPS

6.5 Full Current Sensor Components

PN Manufacturer Shunt Type Sample Rate Resolution Output / Comms

INA228 TI External 20 Ksps (I²C) 20-bit ΔΣ I²C / Alert Pin
MAX34407 Maxim Internal (4x) 8 Ksps (x4 CH) 12-bit SAR I²C
PAC1954 Microchip Internal (4x) 1 Ksps to 1024 ksps 16-bit ΔΣ I²C / SMBus
ADE7953 Analog Dev. External 3.3 Ksps 16-bit SPI / I²C

DESCRIPTION
This list includes complete current sensing solutions with built-in ADCs. The output provides
current data via standard communication interfaces. Some devices even integrate the shunt
resistor, meaning you only need to add an MCU to read the values.
While these ICs are convenient, they come with performance trade-offs — particularly lower
sample rates compared to discrete designs using an MCU with a high-speed internal ADC.
However, for many applications, their accuracy and ease of integration make them a solid
one-chip solution.

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Current Sensing Guide

7 Design Challenges and Solutions

Various challenges arise in current sensing applications. This section presents common
issues and proven solutions.

7.1 Noise Management

CHALLENGES:
• External electromagnetic interference
• Ground loop noise
• Power supply noise coupling
• Switching noise in PWM systems

SOLUTIONS:
1. Physical Design
• Minimize loop area in current paths
• Use twisted pairs for signal connections
• Place guard rings around sensitive traces
• Proper shielding of magnetic sensors
2. Filtering Techniques
• RC filters at amplifier inputs
• Common-mode filters for differential signals
• Synchronous sampling for PWM applications
• Digital filtering in post-processing
3. Layout Considerations
• Star ground configuration
• Component placement to minimize crosstalk
• Isolation of analog and digital grounds
• Proper bypass capacitor placement

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Current Sensing Guide

7.2 High-Side Challenges

CHALLENGES:
• Common-mode voltage outside amplifier range
• Level translation for microcontroller interface
• Maintaining CMRR over temperature
• Protecting low-voltage circuitry

SOLUTIONS:
1. Specialized Components
• High common-mode voltage amplifiers
• Chopper-stabilized amplifiers
2. Circuit Techniques
• Resistive divider networks for very high voltages
• Floating power supplies for amplifier circuits
3. Protection Methods
• Transient voltage suppressors
• Series resistance and clamping diodes

7.3 Dynamic Range

CHALLENGES:
• Small signals overwhelmed by noise
• Large signals causing saturation
• ADC resolution limitations

SOLUTIONS:
1. Multiple Range Approaches
• Switchable gain amplifiers
• Auto-ranging circuits
2. Advanced Techniques
• Logarithmic amplifiers
• Programmable gain amplifiers
3. Digital Methods
• Adaptive sampling rates
• Multiple ADCs with different ranges

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Current Sensing Guide

8 Calibration Techniques
Proper calibration significantly improves measurement accuracy.

8.1 Self-Calibration Methods

1. Auto-Zero Techniques
• Periodically measures and subtracts offset
• Effective for drift compensation
• May require interruption of measurement
2. Background Calibration
• Continuously monitors and adjusts parameters
• No interruption to normal operation
• More complex implementation
3. Reference Measurement
• Uses internal reference current source
• Compensates for multiple error sources
• Higher component cost

8.2 Temperature Compensation

1. Sensor-Based Compensation
• Temperature sensor near current sensor
• Correction factors stored in lookup table
• Polynomial approximation for continuous correction
2. Algorithmic Compensation
• Mathematical models of temperature behavior
• Real-time calculation of correction factors
• Requires characterization of components

8.3 Calibration Implementation Example

1. Measure system at known zero current input

2. Store offset value in nonvolatile memory
3. Apply precise reference current (e.g., 90% of full scale)
4. Calculate the gain correction factor
5. Store gain factor in nonvolatile memory

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Current Sensing Guide

9 PCB Layout
Proper PCB layout significantly impacts current sensing performance.

9.1 General Guidelines

1. Current Path Design

• Minimize resistance in high-current paths
• Use shortest possible routes
• Multiple vias for current sharing
2. Signal Routing
• Keep analog signals away from switching noise
• Use differential pairs for sensitive signals
• Ground guard traces around high-impedance nodes
• Avoid crossing analog signals with digital or power
3. Grounding Strategy
• Separate analog and digital grounds
• Single-point connection between ground systems
• Avoid ground loops

9.2 Shunt Resistor Layout

KELVIN CONNECTION IMPLEMENTATION

Key Points:
• Separate current path from sensing connections
• Minimize thermal gradient across shunt
• Keep sense lines short and equal length
• Place amplifier close to shunt

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Current Sensing Guide

10 Software Considerations
Software plays a crucial role in modern current sensing systems.

10.1 Acquisition Algorithms

1. Synchronous Sampling
• Coordinated with system events (e.g., PWM cycles)
• Eliminates switching noise
• Captures specific points of interest
2. Oversampling and Decimation
• Sampling at multiple times the minimum rate
• Applying digital filtering
• Down-sampling to final rate with enhanced resolution
3. Adaptive Sampling
• Variable rate based on signal dynamics
• Higher rates during transients
• Power saving during steady-state conditions

10.2 Digital Signal Processing

1. Filtering Implementations
• Moving average filters for noise reduction
• Notch filters for line frequency rejection
• Kalman filters for optimal estimation
2. Frequency Analysis
• Fast Fourier Transform for spectral content
• Harmonic analysis for power quality
• Wavelet analysis for transient detection
3. Statistical Processing
• Standard deviation monitoring for noise estimation
• Histogram analysis for distribution patterns
• Outlier detection and rejection

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Current Sensing Guide

10.3 Current Measurement Software Flow

1. INITIALIZE:
• 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐴𝐷𝐶, 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠
• 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
• 𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑝 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

2. ACQUIRE:
• 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝐴𝐷𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
• 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 (𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔)
• 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟

3. PROCESS:
• 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
• 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
• 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
• 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 (𝑅𝑀𝑆, 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑒𝑡𝑐. )

4. ANALYZE:
• 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠
• 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡
• 𝑈𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠

5. COMMUNICATE:
• 𝑈𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑠/𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
• 𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑
• 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑

6. CALIBRATE (periodic):
• 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
• 𝑈𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
• 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 factors

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Current Sensing Guide

11 Troubleshooting Guide
Common issues and their solutions for current sensing applications.

11.1 Measurement Instability

POSSIBLE CAUSES
• Inadequate filtering
• Ground loops
• Power supply noise
• EMI interference
• Poor component selection

DIAGNOSTIC STEPS
1. Check signal with oscilloscope at various points
2. Verify power supply ripple
3. Test with battery power to eliminate line noise
4. Check grounding configuration
5. Add temporary filtering to isolate cause

SOLUTIONS:
• Improve filtering (analog and/or digital)
• Modify grounding scheme
• Add shielding
• Relocate sensitive components
• Upgrade power supply regulation

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Current Sensing Guide

11.2 Poor Accuracy

POSSIBLE CAUSES:
• Inadequate calibration
• Temperature effects
• Component tolerance
• Parasitic resistances
• Non-linearities in signal chain

DIAGNOSTIC STEPS:
1. Verify with known reference source
2. Measure across temperature range
3. Check actual component values
4. Test at multiple points in measurement range
5. Verify PCB layout against design

SOLUTIONS:
• Implement multi-point calibration
• Add temperature compensation
• Use higher precision components
• Improve Kelvin connections
• Correct layout issues

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Current Sensing Guide

11.3 Unexpected Offsets

POSSIBLE CAUSES:
• Thermoelectric effects
• Amplifier input bias current
• Ground potential differences
• Magnetic field interference
• Improper zeroing procedure

DIAGNOSTIC STEPS:
1. Measure with zero current applied
2. Check offset across temperature range
3. Test with reversed connections
4. Shield from external fields
5. Verify power-up sequence

SOLUTIONS:
• Auto-zero function implementation
• Symmetrical design improvements
• Better shielding
• Chopper or auto-zero amplifiers
• Differential measurement technique

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Current Sensing Guide

12 Step-By-Step Design
12.1 Current Sensor Design

Example : Current Monitor for Video Board

STEP 1: PARAMETERS
Max Power 10W
Supply Voltage 12VDC
Max Current ~0.83A
Min Measurable Current 100mA
Accuracy Target ±10mA

STEP 2: ARCHITECTURE
• Shunt Resistor
• Differential OPAMP
• Low Pass Filter
• MCU (Integrated 14bit ADC)
• 3.3V VREF Supply

STEP 3: CALCULATIONS

𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝑽 ; 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝑨 ; 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎𝑨 ; 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝟏𝟎𝑨

𝑀𝑎𝑥_𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡(3𝑉) ∝ 𝑀𝑎𝑥_𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟(10𝐴) ; 𝑀𝑖𝑛_𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡(30𝑚𝑉) ∝ 𝑀𝑖𝑛_𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟(100𝑚𝐴)

Max Current
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ≥ 1000
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦

𝑀𝑎𝑥_𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑖𝑛_𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
≥ 𝑉𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 ≥ → 30𝑚𝑉 ≥ 𝑉𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 ≥ 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝝁𝑽 (𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑔𝑒)
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛

𝑀𝑖𝑛_𝑉𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 300𝜇𝑉
𝑅𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 = = = 𝟑𝒎Ω
𝑀𝑖𝑛_𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟 100𝑚𝐴

𝑃𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝐼(max)2 𝑅 = 100 ∙ 0.003 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝑾

1
𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖 − 𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝐶 (𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦) = 5𝐾𝑧ℎ =
2𝜋𝑅𝐶
→ 𝑅 = 100Ω , 𝐶 = 330𝑛𝐹

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Current Sensing Guide

STEP 4: COMPONENT SELECTION

SHUNT RESISTOR
3mΩ / 1W (0.3W required) → 2512 Package
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Differential, Rail-to-Rail, 100 V/V Gain, Input offset Voltage <100uV
FILTER
Two Stages of 5Khz Anti-Aliasing (LPF).
MCU
Integrated ADC 14bit is required]

Component Part Number Description

Shunt Resistor WSLP2512R0030FEA 3mΩ , 2512 Package
2 x Resistors ERA-3AEB101V 100Ω
2 x Capacitor C0805C334K3RACTU 330nF
VREF REF3333 3.3V
OPAMP INA281A3 100V/V, 55uV Offset
MCU STM32F358RC ADC 14bit, 1Msps

STEP 5: SCHEMATICS (SIMULATION IS ADVISED)

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